Chapter IX: Part 9

Anthesterion, Attic month, corresponding to February, ii. 137, ix. 143
_n._, 352

Anthropomorphism of the spirits of nature, vii. 212

_Antiaris toxicaria_, poison tree, superstition of the Kayans as to the,
ii. 17

Antibes, Holy Innocents’ Day at, ix. 336 _sq._

Antichrist, expected reign of, iv. 44 _sq._

Antigone, the execution of, ii. 228 _n._ 5

Antigonus, King, v. 212;
deified by the Athenians, i. 390, 391 _n._ 1

_Antilope leucoryx_, ceremony of Ewe hunter after killing a, viii. 244

Antimachia in Cos, priest of Hercules dressed as woman at, vi. 258

Antimores of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for the operation
of the laws of nature, i. 354

Antinmas, the twenty-fourth day after Christmas, ix. 167

Antinous, games in honour of, at Mantinea, vii. 80, 85

Antioch, destroyed by an earthquake, v. 222 _n._ 1;
festival of Adonis at, v. 227, 257 _sq._;
how it was freed from scorpions, viii. 280 _sq._

Antiochus, Greek calendar of, v. 303 _n._ 3

Antiquity, of the cultivation of the cereals in Europe, vii. 79;
human scapegoats in classical, ix. 229 _sqq._

Antoninus Liberalis, on the birth of Hercules, iii. 299 _n._ 1

—— Marcus, plague in his reign, ix. 64

Antonius Mountain, in Thuringia, Christmas bonfire on the, x. 265 _sq._

Antrim, harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, vii. 144, 154
_sq._;
“Winning the Churn” in, vii. 154 _sq._

Ants, bites of, used in purificatory ceremony, iii. 105;
eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 147;
superstitious precaution against the ravages of, viii. 276;
jealousy transferred to, ix. 33;
stinging people with, ix. 263, x. 61, 62 _sq._

Antwerp, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70;
wicker giants at, xi. 35 _sq._

Anu, Babylonian god, visit of Ishtar to, ix. 399 _n._ 1

Anubis, Egyptian jackal-headed god, vi. 15, 18 _n._ 3, 22 _n._ 2;
represented by a masked man, ii. 133;
finds the body of Osiris, vi. 85;
personated by a priest wearing the mask of a dog or a jackal, vi. 85
_n._ 3

Anula tribe of Northern Australia, their disposal of foreskins at
circumcision, i. 95;
burial customs of the, i. 102 _sq._;
their way of stopping rain, i. 253;
their mode of making rain, i. 287 _sq._;
their rites of initiation, xi. 235

Anyanja of British Central Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 81
_sq._

Anzikos, the, of West Africa, iii. 271

Aola, village of Guadalcanar, viii. 126

Apaches, the, iii. 182, 183, x. 21;
their way of procuring rain, i. 306;
avoidance of wife’s mother among the, iii. 85;
custom observed by them on the war-path, iii. 160;
purify themselves after the slaughter of foes, iii. 184;
keep their names from strangers, iii. 325, 328;
propitiated the animal gods before hunting deer, antelope, or elk, viii.
242;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._

_Apachitas_, heaps of stones in Peru, ix. 9

Apala cured by Indra in the Rigveda, xi. 192

Apamea in Syria, Alcibiades of, iv. 5 _n._ 3;
worship of Poseidon at, v. 195

Ape in homoeopathic magic, i. 156;
a Batta totem, xi. 223.
_See also_ Apes

Apepi, Egyptian fiend, i. 67

Apes, thought to be related to twins, i. 265;
voices of, imitated as a charm, ii. 23;
ceremony of Yuracares after killing, viii. 235 _sq._

Aphaca in Syria, sanctuary of Astarte at, v. 28, 259;
meteor as signal for festival at, v. 259

Ap-hi, Abchase god of thunder and lightning, ii. 370

Aphrodite, represented as mother of Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 391;
the grave of, iv. 4;
human sacrifices to, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
her sacred doves, v. 33, 147;
sanctuary of, at Paphos, v. 33 _sqq._;
the month of, v. 145;
her blood dyes white roses red, v. 226;
name applied to summer, vi. 41

—— and Adonis, i. 25, v. 11 _sq._, 29, 280, ix. 386, xi. 294 _sq._;
their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, v. 224

—— Askraia, i. 26

—— and Cinyras, v. 48 _sq._

—— of the Lebanon, the mourning, v. 29 _sq._

—— the Oriental, ix. 369 _n._ 1

—— and Pygmalion, v. 49 _sq._

Aphtha or thrush transferred to a frog, ix. 50

Api, female hippopotamus goddess of Egypt, ii. 133

Apinagos Indians of Brazil, their dances and presentation of children to
the moon, vi. 145 _sqq._

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, vi. 11, 119 _n._, viii. 34 _sqq._, ix. 217;
mourning for the death of, v. 225;
held to be an image of the soul of Osiris, vi. 130;
drowned in a holy spring, viii. 36;
not suffered to outlive a certain term of years, viii. 173

Apodtho, the ancestor of all men, iii. 79

Apollo at Delos, i. 32, 34 _sq._, ii. 135;
prophetess of, inspired by laurel, i. 384, iv. 80;
image of, in sacred cave at Hylae, i. 386;
at Patara, ii. 135;
purification of, iii. 223 _n._ 1;
servitude of, iv. 70 _n._ 1, 78;
and the laurel, iv. 78 _sqq._;
at Thebes, iv. 79;
purged of the dragon’s blood in the Vale of Tempe, iv. 81;
dedication of a tithe-offering to, iv. 187 _n._ 5;
the friend of Cinyras, v. 54;
music in the worship of, v. 54 _sq._;
his musical contest with Marsyas, v. 55, 288;
reputed father of Augustus, v. 81;
purified at Tempe, vi. 240;
temple of, at the Lover’s Leap, ix. 254;
temple of, at Cumae, x. 99;
identified with the Celtic Grannus, x. 112

Apollo and Artemis, birthdays of, i. 32;
the birth of, ii. 58;
their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243 _sq._;
cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 _n._ 3

—— at Delphi, hair offered by boys at puberty to, i. 28;
first-fruits offered to, i. 32;
grave of, at Delphi, i. 34, 35, iv. 4;
seems to have usurped the place of an older god or hero at Delphi and
Thebes, ii. 88;
and the Dragon at Delphi, iv. 78, 79, 80 _sq._, vi. 240;
sacrifices of Croesus to, v. 180 _n._ 1

——, the Cataonian, v. 147 _n._ 3

——, the Clarian, iv. 80 _n._ 1

—— Diradiotes, inspired priestess at temple of, i. 381

—— Erithasean, ii. 121

—— the Four-handed, vi. 250 _n._ 2

—— of the Golden Sword, v. 176

—— surnamed Locust and Mildew, viii. 282

—— the Mouse, his temple in the Troad, viii. 283

—— Soranus, xi. 14, 15 _n._ 3

——, the Wolf-slayer, viii. 283 _sq._

Apollonia, festival at Delos, i. 32 _n._ 2

——, a city in Macedonia, ix. 143 _n._

Apollonius of Tyana, how he rid Antioch of scorpions, viii. 280 _sq._;
how he rid Constantinople of flies, viii. 281

Apologies offered to trees for cutting them down, ii. 18 _sq._, 30, 36
_sq._;
for trespass on sacred groves, ii. 328;
offered by savages to the animals they kill, viii. 215, 217, 218, 221,
222 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243

Apotheosis by being burnt alive, v. 179 _sq._

Apoyaos, tribe in Luzon, their human sacrifices, vii. 241

Appam, a town on the Gold Coast, family descended from a fish at, iv. 129

Appian, on the costume of a priest of Isis, vi. 85 _n._ 3

Apple, offered instead of ram or ox to Hercules, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
divination by a sliced, at Hallowe’en, x. 238;
and candle, biting at, x. 241, 242, 243, 245

—— -tree, afterbirth of cow hung in an, i. 198 _sq._;
straw-man placed on oldest, viii. 6;
as life-index of boy, xi. 165

—— -trees, barren women roll under, to obtain offspring, ii. 57;
torches thrown at, x. 108;
mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316 _n._ 5

Apples at festival of Diana, i. 14, 16;
forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 _n._ 7;
dipping for, at Hallowe’en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245

Apricot-trees, mistletoe on, xi. 316

April, religious rites performed by the Vestals in, ii. 229;
the first Sunday of, custom observed at Naples on, iv. 241;
Siamese festival of the dead in, ix. 150;
ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136 _sq._, xi. 3;
Chinese festival of fire in, xi. 3

April 2nd, annual sacrifice of wild boars in Cyprus on, viii. 23 _n._ 3

—— 15th, sacrifice on, ii. 229, 326

—— 21st, date of the Parilia, ii. 325, 326;
ceremony performed by the Vestals on, viii. 42

—— 23rd, St. George’s Day, ii. 75, 76, 330 _sqq._

—— 24th, in some places St. George’s Day, ii. 337, 343;
the great _mondard_ made on, viii. 6

—— 27th, in popular superstitions of Morocco, x. 17 _sq._

—— 30th, Walpurgis Day, ix. 163

Apuleius, as to the love-charm of a Thessalian witch, iii. 270;
his story of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 131 _n._ 1;
on the worship of Isis, vi. 119 _n._;
on a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 _n._ 1

_Aquaelicium_ and Jupiter, ii. 184 _n._

_Aquilex_, rain-maker, i. 310 _n._ 4

Arab belief that a game of ball may cause rain, ix. 179

—— charm to forget sorrow, i. 150;
to bring back a runaway slave, i. 152;
to ensure birth of strong children, i. 153;
to fertilize a barren woman, i. 157;
of the setting sun, i. 165 _sq._;
to get good teeth, i. 181;
to make rain, i. 303

—— commentator as to the fig and the olive, ii. 316;
on the Koran as to knots in magic, iii. 302

—— cure by means of knotted thread, iii. 304;
cure for melancholy, ix. 4

—— legend of king bled to death, iii. 243 _n._ 7

—— love-charm by means of knots, iii. 305

—— mode of cursing an enemy, iii. 312

—— name for the scarlet anemone, v. 226

—— sacrifice for rain, i. 289

—— women, their custom of muffling their faces, iii. 122;
in North Africa give their male children the hearts of lions to eat,
viii. 142 _sq._;
in Morocco, their superstitions as to plants at Midsummer, xi. 51

—— writer on the death of the King of the Jinn, iv. 8;
on talismans against locusts and murrain, viii. 281

Arabia, sacred acacia-tree in, ii. 42;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
use of camel as scapegoat for plague in, ix. 33

Arabia, ancient, taboos observed by incense-growers in, ii. 106 _sq._;
belief as to shadows in, iii. 82;
Sabaea or Sheba in, iii. 124;
tree-spirits in snake form in, xi. 44 _n._ 1

Arabian, modern, story of the external soul, xi. 137 _sq._

_Arabian Nights_, story of the external soul in the, xi. 137

Arabic treatise on magic, i. 65;
writer on the mourning for Tâ-uz (Tammuz) in Harran, v. 230

Arabs believe the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241;
avoid using the proper names for lion, leprosy, etc., iii. 400;
ancient, supposed to know the language of birds, viii. 146;
their custom as to widows, ix. 35;
their custom in regard to murder, ix. 63;
beat camels to deliver them from jinn, ix. 260

—— of Algeria, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130
_n._ 1

—— of East Africa, their faith in an unguent of lion’s fat, viii. 164

——, the heathen, their custom as to a boy’s cast teeth, i. 181;
their way of procuring rain, i. 303;
their treatment of a man stung by a scorpion, iii. 95 _n._ 8

—— of Moab, their charm against scorpions, i. 153;
their charm to ensure the birth of children, i. 157;
their rain-making ceremony, i. 276;
their use of shorn hair as a hostage, iii. 273;
preserve their nail-parings against the resurrection, iii. 280;
resort to the springs of Callirrhoe, v. 215 _sq._;
their custom at harvest, vi. 48, 96, vii. 138;
their remedies for ailments, vi. 242

—— of Morocco, their custom at the Great Feast, ix. 265;
their Midsummer customs, x. 214

—— of North Africa, their rain-charm, i. 277;
jinn invoked by their names among the, iii. 390

Aracan, ix. 117;
the Mrus of, ix. 12 _n._ 1;
dances for the crops in, ix. 236

Arachnaeus, Mount, altars of Zeus and Hera on, ii. 360

Arad, in Hungary, thresher of last corn wrapt in a cow’s hide at, vii. 291

Araguaya River in Brazil, iii. 348

Aran, in the valley of the Garonne, Midsummer fires at, x. 193

Aran Islands, off Galway, St. Eany’s well in the, ii. 161

Aratus of Sicyon, sacrifices to, i. 105;
deemed a son of Aesculapius, v. 81

Araucanians of South America, the, ix. 12;
their idea as to toads, i. 292 _n._ 3;
their belief that thunder-storms are caused by the spirits of the dead,
ii. 183;
afraid of having their portraits taken, iii. 97;
keep their names secret, iii. 324;
eat fruit of Araucanian pine, v. 278 _n._ 2
_See also_ Aucas

Araunah, the threshing-floor of, v. 24

Arawak Indians of British Guiana, murderers taste the blood of their
victims among the, viii. 154 _sq._;
their explanation of human mortality, ix. 302 _sq._

Arcadia, the oak forests of, ii. 354 _sq._

Arcadian boys offer their hair to a river, i. 31

—— custom of beating Pan’s image, ix. 256

Arcadians ate and eat acorns, ii. 355, 356;
sacrifice to thunder and lightning, v. 157

Arch to shut out plague, ix. 5;
creeping through, as a cure, ix. 55;
child after an illness passed under an, xi. 192;
young men at initiation passed under a leafy, xi. 193;
triumphal, suggested origin of the, xi. 195.
_See also_ Arches, Archways

Archangel, worship of Leschiy in the Government of, ii. 125

Archangels, Persian, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Archbishop of Innocents, ix. 334

Archer (_Tirant_), effigy of, xi. 36

Archery, contest of, for a bride, ii. 306

Arches made over paths at expulsion of demons, ix. 113, 120 _sq._;
novices at initiation passed under arches in Australia, xi. 193 _n._ 1
_See also_ Arch, Archways

Archigallus, high-priest of Attis, v. 268, 279;
prophesies, v. 271 _n._

Archways, passing under, as a means of escaping evil spirits or sickness, xi. 179 _sqq._ _See also_ Arch, Arches

Arctic origin, alleged, of the Aryans, v. 229 _n._ 1

—— regions, ceremonies at the reappearance of the sun in the, ix. 124
_sq._, 125 _n._ 1

Arcturus, Greek vintage timed by, vii. 47 _n._ 2;
Greek festival before, 51, 52

Arden, Forest of, ii. 7

Ardennes, May Day custom in the, ii. 80;
Arduinna, goddess of the, ii. 126;
effigies of Carnival burned in the, iv. 226 _sq._;
precautions against rats in the, viii. 277;
the King of the Bean in the, ix. 314;
the Eve of Epiphany in the, ix. 317;
bonfires on the first Sunday of Lent in the, x. 107 _sq._;
the French, Lenten fires and customs in, x. 109 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in the, x. 188;
the Yule log in the, x. 253;
cats burnt alive in Lenten bonfires in the, xi. 40

Ardrishaig, in Argyleshire, the harvest Maiden at, vii. 155 _sq._

Arduinna, goddess of the Ardennes, ii. 126

_Aren_ palm-tree, superstition as to, ii. 22

Arenna or Arinna, the Hittite sun-goddess of, v. 136, with _n._ 1

Arensdorf, custom at sowing in, v. 239

Ares, men sacred to, iii. 111;
the grave of, iv. 4

Argaeus, Mount, in Cappadocia, v. 190 _sq._

Argentina and Bolivia, passes of, ix. 9

Argenton, in Berry, Mid-Lenten custom at, iv. 241 _sq._

Argive brides wore false beards, vi. 260

—— maidens sacrificed their hair to Athena, i. 28

—— tradition as to descent of Dionysus into Hades, vii. 15

—— women bewailed Adonis, v. 227 _n._

Argo, tree of which the ship was made, xi. 94 _n._ 1

Argolis, Eastern, physical features of, ii. 360

Argos, titular kings at, i. 47 _n._;
Apollo Diradiotes at, i. 381;
Flowery Hera at, ii. 143 _n._ 2;
new fire after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
altar of Rainy Zeus at, ii. 360 _n._ 8

Argus, Hermes tried for the murder of, ix. 24

Argyleshire, locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296;
use of knotted threads as a cure in, iii. 304;
last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in, vii. 155 _sq._;
the last corn cut at harvest called the Old Wife (_Cailleach_) in, vii.
164

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 127 _sqq._

Argyrus, temple of Hercules at, x. 99 _n._ 3

_Ari_ or totem, mode of determining a young man’s, i. 99

Ariadne, Cyprian worship of, vii. 209 _n._ 2

—— and Dionysus, ii. 138

—— and Theseus, iv. 75

Ariadne’s crown, ii. 138

—— Dance, iv. 75, 77

Ariccia, the modern descendant of Aricia, i. 3, xi. 309

Aricia, sacred grove at, i. 3, viii. 95;
the beggars of, i. 4;
Orestes at, i. 10;
“many Manii at,” i. 22, viii. 94 _sqq._;
its distance from the sanctuary, ii. 2;
the priest of, ix. 273;
King of the Wood at, ix. 409;
the priest of, and the Golden Bough, x. 1;
the priest of Diana at, perhaps a personified Jupiter, xi. 302 _sq._

Arician grove, the sacred, i. 20, 22, ii. 115, ix. 274, 305;
horses excluded from, i. 20, viii. 40 _sqq._;
ritual of, iv. 213;
perhaps the scene of a common harvest celebration, viii. 44;
said to have been founded by Manius, viii. 95;
the Midsummer festival of fire in, xi. 285;
the priest of, a personification of an oak-spirit, xi. 285.
_See also_ Nemi

Arician priesthood, ix. 305

—— slope, the, i. 4 _n._ 5

Aries, the constellation, the sun in, ix. 361 _n._ 1, 403

Arikara Indians, their rule as to breaking marrow bones, i. 115 _sq._;
their preparation for war by fasting and lacerating themselves, iii. 161

Ariminum, triumphal arch of Augustus at, xi. 194 _n._ 4

Aristeas of Proconnesus, his soul as a raven, iii. 34

Aristides, the rhetorician, on first-fruit offerings, vii. 56;
on Eleusinian Games, vii. 71

Aristomenes, Messenian hero, his fabulous birth, v. 81

Aristophanes, Strepsiades in, i. 285;
on the Spartan envoy, v. 196 _n._ 4;
on Hercules as patron of hot springs, v. 209

Aristotelian philosophy, revival of the, v. 301

Aristotle, on death at ebb-tide, i. 167;
on the marriage of the Queen to Dionysus, ii. 137;
his _Constitution of Athens_, ii. 137 _n._ 1, vii. 79;
on the political institutions of Cyprus, v. 49 _n._ 7;
on earthquakes, v. 211 _n._ 3;
on the trial of lifeless objects by the King at Athens, viii. 5 _n._ 1;
on men of genius, viii. 302 _n._ 5;
his statement of the principle of the survival of the fittest, viii. 306

Arizona, the aridity of, i. 306;
the Moquis of, iii. 228;
mock human sacrifices in, iv. 215;
the Pueblo Indians of, vii. 312;
and New Mexico, use of bull-roarers in, xi. 230 _n._, 231

Arjun and Draupadi, ii. 306

Arkansas Indians, their offerings of first-fruits to the Master of Life,
viii. 134

Arkon, in Rügen, sacred shrine at, ii. 241 _n._ 4

Arks, sacred, of the Cherokees, x. 11 _sq._

Armadillos not to be shot with poisoned arrows, i. 116

_Armengols_, in the Pelew Islands, vi. 265

Armenia, rain-making in, i. 275 _sq._, 277, 282, 285;
rain-charm by means of pebbles in, i. 305;
rain-charms by means of rocks in, i. 306;
the Paulicians of, i. 407;
barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22;
new fire after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
worship of Anaitis in, ii. 282 _n._ 3, ix. 369 _n._ 1;
sacred prostitution of girls before marriage in, v. 38, 58;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
were-wolves in, x. 316;
sick people creep through cleft trees in, xi. 173

Armenian charms by means of knots and locks, iii. 308

—— church, the day of the Virgin in the, i. 16;
bonfires at Candlemas in the, x. 131

—— custom as to extracted teeth, i. 182

—— idea of the sun as a wheel, x. 334 _n._ 1

Armenians, their belief that lightning is produced by means of flints, ii.
374;
preserve their cut hair and nails and extracted teeth for use at the
resurrection, iii. 280;
their festivals of the dead, vi. 65 _sq._;
their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, vi. 148;
their belief in demons, ix. 107 _sq._

Arms of youths punctured to make them good hunters, x. 58

Army under arms, Flamen Dialis forbidden to see, iii. 13

Arnobius on the Roman custom of keeping perpetual fires, ii. 260

Arnold, Matthew, on the English middle class, iv. 146

Arnstadt, witches burnt at, x. 6

Arran, magical stone in, i. 161;
the need-fire in, x. 293

Arrephoroi at Athens, the, ii. 199

Arriaga, J. de, on the Peruvian Maize-mothers, Coca-mothers, and
Potato-mothers, vii. 173 _n._

Arrian, on sacrifices to Artemis, ii. 125 _sq._;
on Attis, v. 282

Arrows, poisoned, not to be used against certain animals, i. 116;
in homoeopathic magic, i. 143;
in contagious magic, i. 201, 202;
fire-tipped, shot at sun during an eclipse, i. 311;
shot as a rain-charm, i. 396;
shot at sacred trees as mark of respect, ii. 11;
to keep off death, iii. 31;
invisible, of demons, ix. 101, 126;
used as a love-charm, x. 14

Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings of the, i. 417 _sq._

Art, sylvan deities in classical, ii. 45;
Demeter and Persephone in, vii. 43 _sq._

Artaxerxes II., his promotion of the worship of Anaitis, ix. 370

Artemis at Ephesus, i. 7;
temple dedicated to her by Xenophon, i. 7;
the Asiatic, i. 7;
vineyards dedicated to, i. 15;
at Delos, i. 28;
hair of maidens sacrificed to, before marriage, i. 28 _sq._;
birthday of, i. 32, ii. 125;
a goddess of the wild life of nature, i. 35 _sq._;
mated with a male consort, i. 35 _sq._;
not originally a virgin goddess, i. 35 _sq._;
the patroness of childbirth, i. 37;
identified with lewd Asiatic goddesses of love and fertility, i. 37;
the birth of, ii. 58;
sacrifices to, ii. 125;
the Huntress, first-fruits of the chase offered to, ii. 125 _sq._;
worshipped by the Celts, ii. 125 _sq._;
at Perga, v. 35;
name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, v. 169

Artemis, Aetolian, her sacred grove among the Veneti, i. 27

—— and Apollo, birthdays of, i. 32;
the birth of, ii. 58;
their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243

——, Brauronian, sacrifice of a goat to, viii. 41 _n._ 3

—— of Ephesus, i. 7, 37 _sq._, ii. 128, 136;
her image, i. 37 _sq._;
in relation to the Virgin Mary, i. 38 _n._ 1;
served by eunuch priests, v. 269

—— the Hanged, v. 291

—— and Hippolytus, i. 19 _sq._, 24 _sqq._

——, Laphrian, at Patrae, v. 126 _n._ 2

——, Munychian, sacrifice to, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
mock human sacrifice in the ritual of, iv. 215 _sq._

—— _Parthenos_, i. 36

——, Perasian, at Castabala in Cappadocia, v. 115, 167 _sqq._, xi. 14

——, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171

——, Savonian, i. 26

——, the Tauric, human sacrifices to, v. 115

—— Tauropolis, v. 275 _n._ 1

——, Wolfish, i. 26 _sq._

Artemisia founds Mausoleum, iv. 94 _sq._;
drinks ashes of her husband Mausolus, viii. 158

_Artemisia absinthium_, wormwood, xi. 58 _n._ 3, 61 _n._ 1

—— _laciniata_, garlands of, ix. 284

—— _vulgaris_, mugwort, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 58 _sqq._

Artemision, a Greek month, vi. 239 _n._ 1, viii. 8

_Artictis_, the bear-cat, associated with the spirits of the dead, viii.
294

Artificers, worship of the, viii. 60 _sq._

_Artocarpus integrifolia_, jack wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216

Artois, mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59

Arts and crafts, use of spells or incantations in, ix. 81

Aru Archipelago, riddles propounded while a corpse is uncoffined in the,
ix. 121 _n._ 3

—— Islands, custom of not sleeping after a death in the, iii. 37, 95;
children’s hair deposited on a banana-tree in the, iii. 276;
dog’s flesh eaten to make eater brave in the, viii. 145

_Arum acaule_, forbidden as food to the king of Fernando Po, iii. 291

Arunta of Central Australia, magical ceremonies among the, i. 85 _sqq._;
custom observed by women during operation of subincision, i. 93 _sq._;
the rain or water totem among the, i. 98;
burial customs of the, i. 102;
cannibalism among the, i. 106;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 183;
their rain-making ceremonies, i. 259 _sqq._;
their belief as to the ghosts of the slain, iii. 177 _sq._;
their fear of women’s blood, iii. 251;
ceremonies at the end of mourning among the, iii. 373 _sq._;
their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99, 100;
their sacred pole, x. 7;
their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77;
legend that the ancestors kept their spirits in their _churinga_, xi.
218 _n._ 3;
rites of initiation among the, xi. 233 _sq._;
initiation of medicine-men among the, xi. 238

Arval Brothers, their holy pots, ii. 203 _sq._;
expiation for bringing an iron tool into the sacred grove of the, iii.
226;
their wreaths of corn, v. 44 _n._, ix. 232;
a Roman college of priests charged with the performance of rites for the
crops, vi. 239, ix. 230, 232;
their song, ix. 238.
_See also_ _Fratres Arvales_

Aryan custom of leading a bride thrice round the hearth of her new home,
ii. 230;
of counting by nights instead of days, ix. 326 _n._ 2

—— family, custom of putting the old and sick to death in several branches
of the, iv. 14 _n._ 3;
marriage customs of the, vi. 235

—— god of the oak and thunder, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265;
god of the sky, ii. 374 _sq._

—— languages, names for moon and month in, ix. 325

—— peoples, descent of kingship through women among, ii. 280;
their correction of the lunar year, ix. 342;
stories of the external soul among, xi. 97 _sqq._

—— stock, tree-worship among all the great European families of the, ii. 9

—— tribes of Gilgit revere the _chili_, a species of cedar, ii. 49

Aryans, magical powers ascribed to kings among the, i. 366 _sqq._;
perpetual fires among the, ii. 260;
female kinship among the, ii. 283 _sqq._;
importance of cattle and milk among the ancient, ii. 324 _n._ 1;
the primitive, their theory of personal names, iii. 319;
their alleged Arctic origin, v. 229 _n._ 1;
annual festivals of the dead among the, vi. 67 _sqq._

—— of Europe, their oak forests and use of oak-wood, ii. 372, 378;
agriculture among the early, vii. 129 _sq._;
totemism not proved for the, viii. 4;
importance of the Midsummer festival among the, xi. 40;
the oak the chief sacred tree of the, xi. 89 _sq._

Aryans of India, transubstantiation among the, viii. 89 _sq._

—— of the Vedic age, ix. 324;
their calendar, ix. 325, 342

Aryenis, daughter of Alyattes, v. 133 _n._ 1

Asa, a branch of the Masai, how they dispose of their cut hair and nails,
iii. 278

Asaba, on the Lower Niger, chiefs eat in privacy at, iii. 118

Asada, name of a month in Bali, vii. 315

Asakusa, in Tokio, expulsion of the devil on the last day of the year at,
ix. 213

Ascalon, the goddess Derceto at, v. 34 _n._ 3, ix. 370 _n._ 1

Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, ii. 197;
and the Game of Troy, iv. 76

Ascension of Adonis, v. 225

—— Day, the May-tree in Saxony on, ii. 69;
annual pardon of a criminal at Rouen on, ii. 165, 166, 168, 169, ix. 215
_sq._;
the “Carrying out of Death” on, at Braller, iv. 222 _n._ 1, 247 _sqq._;
cures on Eve of, ix. 54;
annual expulsion of the devil on, ix. 214 _sq._;
bells rung to make flax grow on, ix. 247 _sq._;
parasitic rowan should be cut on, xi. 281

Ascent of Persephone, viii. 17

Ascetic idealism of the East, ii. 117

Asceticism not primitive, x. 65

Aschbach, in Bavaria, the Old Man at reaping and threshing at, vii. 219
_sq._

_Asclepias gigantea_, man married to, in Barar, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Ash-tree, parings of nails buried under an, iii. 276;
in popular cure, ix. 57

—— -trees, children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for rupture
or rickets, xi. 168 _sqq._

—— Wednesday, death of Caramantran on, iv. 220;
burial of the Carnival on, iv. 221;
effigies of Carnival or of Shrove Tuesday burnt or buried on, iv. 226,
228 _sqq._, x. 120;
effigy of the Queen of Lent fashioned on, iv. 244;
pea-soup and pigs’ bones eaten on, vii. 300

Ashantee, licence accorded to king’s sisters in, ii. 274 _sq._;
royal criminals drowned in, iii. 242 _sq._;
precaution as to the spittle of the king of, iii. 289;
kings of, addressed as “Elephant” and “Lion,” iv. 86;
kings of, take one of their titles from _borri_, a venomous snake, iv.
86;
human sacrifices at earthquakes in, v. 201;
kings of, their human sacrifices, vi. 97 _n._ 7;
annual period of licence in, ix. 226 _n._ 1

Ashantees, the, sanctity of the king’s throne among, i. 365;
their festivals of new yams, viii. 62 _sq._;
ate Sir Charles McCarthy to acquire his bravery, viii. 149

_Asherim_ (singular _asherah_), sacred poles, in Canaan, iv. 169, v. 18,
18 _n._ 2, 107, 108

Ashes from a pyre used to cause sleep, i. 148;
of serpents in homoeopathic magic, i. 152 _sq._;
of spiders in homoeopathic magic, i. 152;
of wasps in homoeopathic magic, i. 152;
of a blind cat in homoeopathic magic, i. 153;
of the dead turned into rain, i. 287;
scattered as a rain-charm, i. 304;
scattered to make sunshine, i. 314;
of holy fire rubbed on foreheads of warriors, ii. 215;
of unborn calves used in a fertility charm, ii. 229, 326;
strewn on the head, iii. 112;
as manure, vii. 117;
of human victims scattered on fields, vii. 258;
of the dead swallowed as a mode of communion with them, viii. 156
_sqq._;
in divination, x. 243, 244, 245.
_See also_ Sticks, Charred

—— of bonfires put in fowls’ nests, x. 112, 338;
mixed with seed at sowing, x. 121;
increase fertility of fields, x. 141, 337;
make cattle thrive, x. 141, 338;
placed in a person’s shoes, x. 156;
administered to cattle to make them fat, xi. 4

—— of dead smeared on mourner, viii. 164;
disposal of the, x. 11

—— of Hallowe’en fires scattered, x. 233

—— of holy fires a protection against demons, xi. 8, 17

—— of human victim scattered with winnowing-fans, vi. 97, 106, vii. 260,
262;
scattered on earth to fertilize it, vii. 240;
scattered on fields, vii. 249, 250, 251

—— of Midsummer fires strewed on fields to fertilize them, x. 170, 190,
203;
a protection against conflagration, x. 174, 196;
a protection against lightning, x. 187, 188;
a protection against thunder, x. 190;
put by people in their shoes, x. 191 _sq._;
a cure for consumption, x. 194 _sq._;
rubbed by people on their hair or bodies, x. 213, 214, 215;
good for the eyes, x. 214

—— of the need-fire strewn on fields to protect the crops against vermin,
x. 274;
used as a medicine, x. 286

—— of New Year’s fire used to rub sore eyes, x. 218

Ashes of Yule log strewed on fields, x. 250;
used to heal swollen glands, x. 251

Ashintilly, Spalding of, bewitched, iii. 299

Ashira, the, of West Africa, make fetishes out of clipped hair, iii. 271
_sq._;
women the agricultural labourers among, vii. 120

Ashtaroth, Babylonian goddess, ix. 365 _sq._

Ashtoreth (Astarte), v. 18 _n._ 2
_See_ Astarte

_Ashur_, Arab New Year’s Day, x. 217, 218

Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, marries daughter of Sanda-sarme, v. 144;
confused with the legendary Sardanapalus, v. 173 _sq._, ix. 387 _sq._;
carries off the bones of the kings of Elam, vi. 103

Ashwin (Ashvin), Indian month, iv. 55, v. 243

Asia, North-Eastern, the Chuckchees of, ii. 225;
the Koryaks of, ii. 225, iii. 32 _sq._

——, Western, Saturnalia in, ix. 354 _sqq._

Asia Minor, pontiffs in, i. 47;
the Yourouks of, ii. 43;
priestly dynasties of, v. 140 _sq._;
subject to volcanic forces, v. 190;
subject to earthquakes, v. 202;
the Caunians of, ix. 116;
use of human scapegoats by the Greeks of, ix. 255;
rapid diffusion of Christianity in, ix. 420 _sq._;
the Celts in, xi. 89;
cure for possession by an evil spirit in, xi. 186;
creeping through rifted rocks in, xi. 189

Asiatic goddesses of love and fertility, their lewd worship, i. 37;
served by eunuch priests, v. 269 _sq._

Asin, Indian month, iv. 279

Asongtata, an annual ceremony performed by the Garos of Assam, ix. 208

Asopus, the river, ii. 140, 141, v. 81

“A-souling,” custom of, in England, vi. 79

Aspalis, a form of Artemis, v. 292

Aspens, fevers transferred to, ix. 57;
mistletoe on, xi. 315

_Aspidium filix mas_, the male fern, superstitions as to, xi. 66 _sq._

Ass in rain-making ceremony, i. 282 _n._ 4;
son of a god in the form of an, iv. 124 _sq._;
the crest or totem of a royal family, iv. 132, 133;
in cure for scorpion’s bite, ix. 49 _sq._;
introduced into church at Festival of Fools, ix. 335 _sq._;
triumphal ride of a buffoon on an, ix. 402 _sq._;
child passed under an, as a cure for whooping-cough, xi. 192 _n._ 1
_See also_ Asses

Assam, viii. 116;
the hill tribes of, taboos in respect of food observed by headmen and
their wives among, iii. 11;
taboos observed by warriors among, iii. 165;
concealment of personal names among, iii. 323;
_genna_ in, vii. 109 _n._ 2;
agriculture in, vii. 123;
head-hunting in, vii. 256

Assam, the Khasis of, i. 194, ii. 114 _n._ 1, 294, v. 46, vi. 202 _sqq._,
ix. 173, xi. 146;
the Garos of, i. 291, viii. 43 _n._ 1, 116, ix. 208 _sq._;
the Miris of, ii. 39, 267 _n._ 4, vii. 123, viii. 145;
the Padams of, ii. 39;
the Mundaris of, ii. 46;
the Bodos of, iii. 285;
the Dhimals of, iii. 285;
the Kacha Nagas of, iii. 333;
the Kukis of, iii. 333;
the Zemis of, iii. 333;
the Tangkul Nagas of, vi. 57 _sqq._, ix. 177;
the Nagas of, viii. 100, 290, ix. 177;
the Kochs of, viii. 116;
the Kacharis of, ix. 93;
the Lushais of, ix. 94, xi. 185 _sq._;
the Tangkuls of, ix. 177

“Assegai, child of the,” iv. 183

Assembly of the gods at the New Year in Babylon, ix. 356

Asses crowned at Vesta’s festival in June, ii. 127 _n._ 2;
excluded from sanctuary of Alectrona, viii. 45;
transmigration of sinners into, viii. 299, 308.
_See also_ Ass

—— and men, redemption of firstling, among the Hebrews, iv. 173

Assiga, tribe of South Nigeria, xi. 204

Assimilation of rain-maker to water, i. 260 _sqq._;
of Egyptian kings to gods, ii. 133;
of victims to gods, vii. 261 _sq._;
of men to their totems or guardian animals, viii. 207 _sq._;
of human victims to trees, ix. 257, 259 _n._ 3

Assiniboins, their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225

Assinie, West African kingdom, custom as to eating the new yams in, viii.
63

Association of ideas, magic based on a misapplication of the, i. 53, 174,
221 _sq._;
common to the animals, i. 234

Associations, religious, among the Indian tribes of North America, xi. 267
_sqq._

Assumption of the Virgin in relation to the festival of Diana, i. 14-16,
v. 308, 309

Assusa, king of Fazoql, iv. 16 _sq._, 17 _n._ 1

Assyria, kings of, their annual homage to Marduk, iv. 113;
festival of Zagmuk in, iv. 116;
Ashurbanipal, king of, ix. 387 _sq._

Assyrian cavalry, v. 25 _n._ 3

—— eponymate, iv. 116 _sq._

—— kings took into their harem the daughters of the vanquished princes,
ix. 368 _n._ 1

Assyrian monarchs, conquerors of Babylonia, ix. 356

—— monuments, illustrative of the artificial fertilization of the
date-palm, ii. 25 _n._, ix. 273 _n._ 1

—— ritual, use of golden axe in, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— settlers in Israel petition for an Israelitish priest, ii. 288 _n._ 1

Assyrians, their use of knotted cords in magic, iii. 303 _sq._;
forbidden to mention the mystic names of their cities, iii. 391;
in Cilicia, v. 173;
the ancient, their belief in demons, ix. 102

Astarte or Ishtar, a great Babylonian goddess, ix. 365;
the moon-goddess, iv. 92;
at Byblus, hair offerings to, i. 30, v. 13 _sq._;
her temple at Hierapolis, iii. 286;
and the _asherim_, v. 18;
kings as priests of, v. 26;
at Paphos, v. 33 _sqq._;
doves sacred to, v. 147;
identified with the planet Venus, v. 258;
of the Syrian Hierapolis served by eunuch priests, v. 269 _sq._;
called by Lucian the Assyrian Hera, v. 280 _n._ 5;
the Heavenly Goddess, v. 303;
the planet Venus her star, vi. 35.
_See also_ Ishtar

—— Aphrodite, v. 304 _n._

—— and Semiramis, ix. 369 _sqq._

Asteria, mother of the Tyrian Hercules (Melcarth), v. 112

Asthma transferred to a mule, ix. 50

Asti, a Thracian tribe, vii. 26

Aston, W. G., on the Japanese word for god, iii. 2 _n._ 2;
on the annual expulsion of demons in Japan, ix. 212 _sq._;
on Japanese and Chinese ceremonies of purification, ix. 213 _n._ 1;
on Japanese ceremony for averting pestilence, x. 137 _sq._;
on the fire-walk in Japan, xi. 10 _n._ 1

Astral spirit of a witch, x. 317

Astrolabe Bay, in New Guinea, ii. 255 _n._ 1;
precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289

Astronomical considerations determining the early Greek calendar, iv. 68
_sq._

Astronomy, origin of, vii. 307

Astyages, king of the Medes, v. 133 _n._ 1

Asuras, the rivals of the Indian gods, viii. 120

_Asvattha_ tree, v. 82

Aswang, an evil spirit, exorcism of, ix. 260

_Atai_, external soul in the Mota language, xi. 197 _sq._

Atalante and her wooers, ii. 301

Atargatis, Syrian goddess, v. 34 _n._ 3, 137;
worshipped at Hierapolis-Bambyce, v. 162 _sq._;
derivation of the name, v. 162;
her husband-god, v. 162 _sq._

Ates, a Phrygian, v. 286

Ath, in Hainaut, procession of giants at, xi. 36

Athamanes of Epirus, women tilled the ground among the, vii. 129

Athamas, king of Alus, vii. 24, 25;
and his children, legend of, iv. 161 _sqq._;
sentenced to be sacrificed as expiatory offering for the country, iv.
162;
said to have reigned at Orchomenus, iv. 164;
the dynasty of, v. 287

Athanasius, on the mourning for Osiris, vi. 217

Athboy, in County Meath, rath near, x. 139

’Atheh, Cilician goddess, v. 162

Athena, hair offered by maidens before marriage to, i. 28;
mother of Erichthonius, ii. 199;
perpetual lamp of, in the Erechtheum, ii. 199;
at Troy, Locrian maidens in the sanctuary of, ii. 284;
served by maidens on the Acropolis at Athens, iii. 227 _n._;
sacrifices to, iv. 166 _n._ 1, vii. 56;
temple of, at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145;
and hot springs, v. 209, 210;
and the _aegis_, viii. 40, 41;
priestess of, uses a white umbrella, x. 20 _n._ 1

——, Magarsian, a Cilician goddess, v. 169 _n._ 3

—— Sciras, sanctuary of, vi. 238

Athenaeus, on Celtic and Roman indifference to death, iv. 143

Athenian boys, race of, at the vintage, vi. 238;
boy carrying an olive-branch in procession, vi. 238

—— custom of keeping a sacred serpent on the Acropolis, iv. 86

—— festival of swinging, iv. 281

—— sacrifice of the _bouphonia_, viii. 4 _sqq._

—— sacrifices to the Seasons, i. 310

Athenians decree divine honours to Demetrius Poliorcetes and his father
Antigonus, i. 390 _sq._;
prayed to Zeus for rain, ii. 359;
their tribute of youths and maidens to Minos, iv. 74;
their superstition as to an eclipse of the moon, vi. 141;
sacrifice to Dionysus for the fruits of the land, vii. 4;
the first to receive corn from Demeter, vii. 54;
claimed to be the first to spread the knowledge of corn among mankind,
vii. 54 _sqq._;
sacrifice an apple to Hercules, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
their annual festival of the dead at the Anthesteria, ix. 152 _sqq._;
their use of human scapegoats, ix. 253 _sq._;
their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 _n._ 2;
their religious dramas, ix. 384;
offer cakes to Cronus, x. 153 _n._ 3

Athens, barrow of Hippolytus at, i. 25;
sacred new fire brought from Delphi to, i. 32 _sq._;
King and Queen at, i. 44 _sq._;
stone of swearing at, i. 160;
the Eudanemi at, i. 325 _n._ 1;
titular king at, ii. 1;
marriage of Dionysus at, ii. 136 _sq._;
sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera at, ii. 143 _n._ 1;
female kinship at, ii. 277;
sacred spots struck by lightning at, ii. 361;
sacrificial hearth of Lightning Zeus at, ii. 361;
kings at, iii. 21 _sq._;
ritual of cursing at, iii. 75;
Athena served by maidens on the Acropolis at, iii. 227 _n._;
Mid-summer rites of Adonis at, iv. 7;
the Laurel-bearing Apollo at, iv. 79 _n._ 3;
funeral games at, iv. 96;
hand of suicide cut off at, iv. 220 _n._;
sacred serpent at, v. 87;
the Commemoration of the Dead at, v. 234;
sacrifice of an ox at, v. 296 _sq._;
marriage custom at, vi. 245;
Dionysus of the Black Goatskin at, vii. 17;
Queen of, married to Dionysus, vii. 30 _sq._;
sacred ceremony of ploughing at, vii. 31;
the Prytaneum at, vii. 32;
sanctuary of Green Demeter at, vii. 42, 89 _n._ 2;
first-fruits of the corn sent to, vii. 51, 56, 71;
called “the Metropolis of the Corn,” vii. 58;
Demeter worshipped as Fruit-bearer at, vii. 63 _n._ 14;
sanctuary of Earth the Nursing-Mother at, vii. 89 _n._ 2;
Sacred Ploughing at, vii. 108 _n._ 4, 109 _n._ 1;
annual sacrifice of a goat on the Acropolis of, viii. 41;
ceremony of killing a wolf at, viii. 221;
the Lyceum at, viii. 283, 284;
fever transferred to pillar at, ix. 53;
Cronus and the Cronia at, ix. 351 _sq._;
ceremony of the new fire at Easter in, x. 130

Athis, in Normandy, Christmas bonfires at, x. 266

Athletic competitions among harvesters, vii. 76 _sq._

Athos, Mount, mistletoe at, xi. 319, 320 _n._

Athribis, heart of Osiris at, vi. 11

Athyr, Egyptian month, vi. 8, 41, 49 _n._ 1;
Osiris murdered on the seventeenth day of, vi. 8, 84;
festival of Osiris in the month of, vi. 84 _sqq._, 91

Atkhans, the, of the Aleutian Islands, transference of sin to weeds among,
ix. 3

Atkinson, J. C., on the treatment of the placentas of mares, i. 199

Atlas, Berbers of the Great, ix. 178

Atlatatonan, Mexican goddess of lepers, ix. 292;
woman annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 292

Atomic disintegration, viii. 305

Atonement for slain animals, iii. 207;
to animals for wrong done to them, viii. 310 _sq._
_See also_ Expiation

Atonement, the Jewish day of, ix. 210

Atonga, the, of British Central Africa, their custom after a death, iii.
286;
tribe of Lake Nyassa, their theory of earthquakes, v. 199

Atrae, city in Mesopotamia, x. 82

Atreus, king of Mycenae, ii. 279

—— and Thyestes, i. 365

Attacking the wind, i. 327 _sqq._

Attacks on kings permitted, iv. 22, 48 _sqq._

Attic months lunar, vii. 52

Attica, traces of female kinship in, ii. 284;
tradition of sexual communism in, ii. 284;
Sacred Ploughings in, iii. 108;
summer festival of Adonis in, v. 226;
Flowery Dionysus in, vii. 4;
time of threshing in, viii. 4;
the killing of an ox formerly a capital crime in, viii. 6;
vintage custom in, viii. 133

Atticus, his villa on the Quirinal, ii. 182 _n._ 1

Attis, vii. 2, 14, 214;
priests of Cybele called, v. 140, 285, 287;
sometimes identified with Adonis, v. 263;
myth and ritual of, v. 263 _sqq._;
beloved by Cybele, v. 263, 282;
legends of his death, v. 264;
his legend at Pessinus, v. 264;
his self-mutilation, v. 264 _sq._;
and the pine-tree, v. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 _sq._, 285, vi. 98 _n._ 5;
his eunuch priests, v. 265, 266;
festival of his death and resurrection in March, v. 267 _sqq._, 272
_sq._, 307 _sq._;
violets sprung from the blood of, v. 267;
the mourning for, v. 272;
bath of bull’s blood in the rites of, v. 274 _sqq._;
mysteries of, v. 274 _sq._;
as a god of vegetation, v. 277 _sqq._, 279;
as the Father God, v. 281 _sqq._;
identified with Zeus, v. 282;
as a sky-god, v. 282 _sqq._;
emasculation of, suggested explanation of myth, v. 283;
his star-spangled cap, v. 284;
identified with Phrygian moon-god Men Tyrannus, v. 284;
human representatives of, v. 285 _sqq._;
his relation to Lityerses, vii. 255 _sq._;
killed by a boar, viii. 22

Attis, Adonis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, v. 6, vi. 201

—— and Cybele (Mother of the Gods), i. 18, 21, 40, 41;
perhaps personated by human couples, ix. 386

Attiuoindarons, Indian tribe of Canada, their custom of resuscitating the
dead in their namesakes, iii. 366 _sq._

Attraction and repulsion in the physical universe, viii. 303 _sqq._

_Atua_, Polynesian term for god or guardian-spirit, i. 387 _n._ 1, viii.
153, 156;
ancestral spirit, iii. 134, 265

Atys, son of Croesus, his death, v. 286

Atys, early king of Lydia, v. 286

Aubrey, John, on soul-cakes, vi. 78;
on sin-eating, ix. 43 _sq._;
on the Midsummer fires, x. 197

Aucas (Araucanians), their custom of bleeding themselves to relieve
fatigue, ix. 12.
_See_ Araucanians

Auch, the archbishop of, i. 232 _sq._

Aufkirchen in Bavaria, burning the Easter Man at, x. 144

Augsburg, harvest custom near, vii. 298

Augur’s staff at Rome, iii. 313

August, procession of wicker giants in, xi. 36

—— 1st, Festival of the Cross on the, x. 220

—— 6th, festival of St. Estapin, xi. 188

——, the Ides (13th) of, Diana’s day, i. 12, 14-17

—— 15th, the day of the Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14-16

—— 18th, feast of Florus and Laurus, x. 220

Augustine, on the one God, i. 121 _n._ 1;
on the effeminate priests of the Great Mother, v. 298;
on the heathen origin of Christmas, v. 305;
on the discovery of corn by Isis, vi. 116;
on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233;
on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 88;
on Roman deities of the corn, vii. 210 _n._ 3

Augustodunum (Autun), worship of Cybele at, v. 279

Augustus as a ruler, i. 216;
granted the oak crown, ii. 176 _sq._;
reputed a son of Apollo, v. 81;
celebrates games at Actium, vii. 80;
triumphal arch of Augustus at Ariminum, xi. 195 _n._ 4

Aulus Gellius on the influence of the moon, vi. 132.
_See also_ Gellius

Aun, or On, King of Sweden, sacrifices his sons to save his life, iv. 57,
160 _sq._, 188, vi. 220

Aunis, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69 _sq._;
wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve in, xi. 45;
St. John’s wort in, xi. 55;
vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 _n._ 4;
four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63

—— and Saintonge, Midsummer fires in, x. 192.
_See_ Saintonge

Aunts named after their nieces, iii. 332

Aunund, King, in Norse legend, viii. 146

Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, v. 38

Aurich, in East Friesland, “cutting the hare’s tail off” at harvest at,
vii. 268, 280

Auricular confession, iii. 214.
_See_ Confession

Aurohuaca Indians of Colombia, auricular confession among the, iii. 215
_sq._, v. 23 _n._ 2

Aurora, one of the New Hebrides, rain-making by means of a stone in, i.
308;
magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127;
_tamaniu_ in, xi. 198

Aurora Australis, fear entertained by the Kurnai of the, iv. 267 _n._ 1

Ausonius, on the Ides of August, i. 12 _n._ 2

Aust, E., on the marriage of the Roman gods, vi. 236 _n._ 1

Australia, use of magical images among the aborigines of, i. 62;
cave-paintings in, i. 87 _n._ 1;
rain-making in, i. 251 _sq._, 254-261, 287 _sq._, 304;
dust-columns in, thought to be spirits, i. 331 _sq._;
government of old men in aboriginal, i. 334 _sq._;
influence of magicians in aboriginal, i. 334 _sqq._;
ceremony observed at approaching the camp of another tribe in, iii. 109;
custom of personal cleanliness observed from superstitious motives among
the aborigines of, iii. 158 _n._ 1;
names of relations tabooed among the aborigines of, iii. 345 _sq._;
belief as to the reincarnation of the dead in, v. 99 _sqq._;
totemism in, viii. 311;
demons in, ix. 74;
annual expulsion of ghosts in, ix. 123 _sq._;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 76 _sqq._;
passing under an arch as a rite of initiation in, xi. 193 _n._ 1;
initiation of young men in, xi. 227, 233 _sqq._;
use of bull-roarers in, xi. 289 _n._ 2
_See also_ Australian aborigines, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

——, Central, ceremony to promote the growth of hair in, i. 83;
magical ceremonies for the supply of food in, i. 85 _sqq._;
charm to promote the growth of beards in, i. 153 _sq._;
charm to ensure wakefulness in, i. 154;
_churinga_ (sacred sticks or stones) in, i. 199;
contagious magic of wounds in, i. 204;
the Arunta of, i. 259;
headmen of the totem clans are public magicians in, i. 335;
the Kaitish of, ii. 105, iii. 82, iv. 60;
the Warramunga of, ii. 156, ix. 2;
the Urabunna of, ii. 209;
the tribes of, do not let women see men’s blood, iii. 252 _n._;
the aboriginal tribes of, make no magical use of shorn hair, iii. 268
_n._ 1;
concealment of personal names among the aborigines of, iii. 321 _sq._;
avoidance of the names of the dead among the tribes of, iii. 351;
the Luritcha tribe of, iv. 180 _n._ 1, viii. 260;
magical rites for the revival of nature in, iv. 270;
the Dieri of, vii. 106, viii. 151, ix. 110;
use of a species of Claytonia as food in, vii. 128;
the aborigines of, their ceremonies for the multiplication of kangaroos,
viii. 165;
the Tjingilli tribe of, ix. 2;
pointing sticks or bones in, x. 14 _n._ 3;
its desert nature, xi. 230 _n._ 2

Australia, Northern, the Anula of, i. 253, 287;
the Tjingilli of, i. 288;
homoeopathic magic of flesh diet in, viii. 145

——, North-West, fat about heart of great warrior eaten to acquire his
courage in, viii. 150 _sq._

——, South, custom as to the placenta in, i. 183;
the Dieri of, ii. 29;
the Narrinyeri of, iii. 126 _sq._, 372, viii. 259 _n._;
the Encounter Bay tribe of, iii. 127, 251, 355, 359, 372, vii. 126;
the Booandik tribe of, iii. 251, 346;
the Adelaide tribe of, iii. 355;
the Port Lincoln tribe of, iii. 365;
first-born children destroyed among some tribes of, iv. 180

——, South-Eastern, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 207 _sq._;
contagious magic of bodily impressions among the aborigines of, i. 213;
belief as to the connexion of frogs with rain in, i. 292 _sq._;
the Theddora and Ngarigo tribes of, viii. 151;
sex totems among the natives of, xi. 214 _sqq._

——, South-Western, medicine-men (doctors) in, i. 336

——, Western, belief as to the placenta in, i. 183;
belief as to water-serpents in, ii. 156;
names of the dead not mentioned in, iii. 364;
native women dig for yam roots in, vii. 126 _sq._;
the aborigines of, call certain flowering plants “Mothers,” vii. 130

Australian aborigines, magical images among the, i. 62;
ceremonies of initiation among the, i. 92 _sqq._;
contagious magic of teeth among the, i. 176;
magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, i. 183 _sq._;
magic universally practised but religion nearly unknown among the, i.
234;
their custom of carrying fire with them, ii. 257;
their conception of the soul, iii. 27;
dread of a wife’s mother among the, iii. 83 _sq._;
die from effects of imagination, iii. 136;
their fear of menstruous women, iii. 145;
of Queensland burn women’s cut hair, iii. 282;
burn women’s hair after childbirth, iii. 284;
personal names kept secret among the, iii. 320 _sqq._;
their fear of naming the dead, iii. 349 _sqq._;
namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 355 _sq._;
changes in their languages caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358
_sqq._;
their fear of a woman stepping over them, iii. 424;
their beliefs as to shooting stars, iv. 60 _sq._, 64;
their custom of destroying first-born children, iv. 179 _sq._;
their custom of killing and eating children, iv. 180 _n._ 1;
infanticide among the, iv. 187 _n._ 6;
their preparation for marriage, v. 60;
their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 99 _sqq._;
their cuttings for the dead, v. 268;
division of labour between the sexes in regard to the collection of food
among, vii. 126 _sqq._;
worshipped the Pleiades as the givers of rain, vii. 307;
their belief that the Pleiades were once women, vii. 308 _n._;
anoint themselves with the fat of the dead in order to acquire their
qualities, viii. 162 _sq._;
their objection to breaking the bones of the native bear, viii. 258 _n._
2;
their custom of burning the bones of the animals which they eat, viii.
259 _n._ 1;
their mutilations of the dead, viii. 272;
their totemism the most primitive known to us, viii. 311;
said to propitiate the kangaroos which they have killed, viii. 312 _n._;
their cure for toothache, ix. 6;
their belief in demons, ix. 74

Australian blacks afraid of passing under a leaning tree, iii. 250 _n._ 1

—— custom of placing stones in trees, i. 318;
as to blood shed at initiatory rites, rain-making, etc., iii. 244

—— funeral custom, iv. 92

—— languages, words for fire and wood in, xi. 296

—— magic wrought on cut hair, iii. 269

—— medicine-man, his recovery of a lost soul, iii. 54

—— mode of magically tying up the inside of an enemy, iii. 303

—— tribes, their custom of knocking out teeth of boys at initiation, i.
176