Chapter XII: Part 12

“——, scoring above the,” cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 _n._ 2

Breathing on a person as a mode of purification, iii. 149

Breconshire, the sin-eater in, ix. 43

Breech-cloth worn by widow to keep off her husband’s ghost, iii. 143

Breezes, magical means of securing, iv. 287

Breitenbrunn, the “Charcoal Man” at
Midsummer at, xi. 26 _n._ 2

Brekinjska, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brenner, J. von, on savage fear of being photographed, iii. 99

Bresse, the _Mariée_ in May in, ii. 96;
“cutting off the fox’s tail” at harvest in, vii. 268;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 315 _n._ 1;
Midsummer bonfires in, x. 189

Brest, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 184

Bret Harte, _Relieving Guard_, iv. 66 _n._ 4;
on the Spanish missions in California, viii. 171 _n._ 1

Breteuil, canton of, Midsummer fires in the, x. 187

Brethren of the Free Spirit, i. 408

—— of the Ploughed Fields (_Fratres Arvales_), a Roman college of priests,
ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232.
_See also_ Arval Brothers

Breton belief that women can be impregnated by the moon, x. 76

—— peasants, their way of getting rain, i. 306 _sq._;
throw knives at the wind, i. 329

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 132 _sq._

—— superstitions as to the tides, i. 167

Bretons, their dread of noon, iii. 88

Brewing, continence observed at, iii. 200, 201 _sq._;
water to be called by another name in, iii. 395

Brezina, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Brhaspati, as a magician, i. 241

Briançon, in Dauphiné, the Bridegroom of the Month of May at, ii. 92
_sq._;
“the Cat of the ball-skin” at harvest at, vii. 280 _sq._

Briar-thorn, divination by, x. 242

Bribri Indians of Costa Rica, their ideas as to the uncleanness of women,
iii. 147, 149;
seclusion of women at menstruation among the, x. 86

Bricknell, J., on a custom of the Carolina Indians, iv. 184 _sq._

Bridal pair, the, at Whitsuntide in Saxony, ii. 91;
at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 200 _sq._

Bride tied to tree at marriage, ii. 57;
the Whitsuntide, ii. 89, 96;
the May, ii. 95;
led to or round the hearth at marriage, ii. 221, 230, 231;
races for a, ii. 300 _sqq._;
contests for a, ii. 305 _sqq._;
fishing-net thrown over, iii. 307;
dressed as a man, vi. 260;
the last, privilege of, ix. 183;
not allowed to tread the earth, x. 5;
last married, made to leap over bonfire, xi. 22

—— and bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, ii. 91 _sq._;
the Midsummer, in Sweden, ii. 92, v. 251;
all knots on their garments unloosed, iii. 299 _sq._;
carry locked locks at marriage, iii. 308;
mock, at bonfires, x. 109 _sq._

Bride of God, the, in a rain-making ceremony, i. 276

——, name given to last sheaf, vii. 162, 163

—— of the Nile, vi. 38

—— race among Teutonic peoples, ii. 303 _sqq._

Bride, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 306, 307 _n._ 1

Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, ii. 91;
girt with a net, iii. 307;
dressed as a woman, vi. 260 _sq._;
disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, vi. 261;
not to touch the ground with his feet, x. 5

—— of May, ii. 91, 93, iv. 266

Bridget’s bed on the night before Candlemas in the Highlands of Scotland
and the Isle of Man, ii. 94 _sq._
_See also_ St. Bridget

Bridlington, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

Brie (Isle de France), the May-tree and Father May at, ii. 74 _sq._;
farmer tied up in first sheaf at, vii. 221;
stranger tied up in sheaf at harvest at, vii. 226;
effigy of giant burnt on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 38

Brigit, a Celtic goddess, ii. 95, 240 _sqq._;
her Christian namesake and successor at Kildare, ii. 240 _sqq._
_See also_ St. Brigit

Brihaspati, Hindoo deity, i. 166, x. 99 _n._ 2

Brimo and Brimos, in the mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 139

Brincker, Dr. P. H., on the sacred sticks representing ancestors among the
Herero, ii. 224 _n._ 4

Bringing in Summer, iv. 233, 237, 238, 246 _sqq._

Briony, wreaths of, at Midsummer, x. 210

Brisbane River in Queensland, use of bull-roarers on the, xi. 233 _sqq._

British Columbia, Indians of, their dislike of telling their own names,
iii. 328;
respect the animals and plants which they eat, vi. 44;
their address to the first fish of the season, viii. 253;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46 _sqq._;
dread and seclusion of menstruous women among the, x. 89 _sq._;
rites of initiation among the, xi. 270 _sqq._

——, Koskimo Indians of, xi. 229

——, the Kwakiutl of, i. 263, iii. 53, 188, 386, viii. 220, 250, xi. 152,
186

——, the Shuswap Indians of, i. 265, iii. 83, 142, viii. 226, 238, x. 53,
xi. 174 _n._ 2, 276 _n._ 1, 297 _n._ 3

——, the Thompson Indians of, i. 132, ii. 208, viii. 81, 133, 140, 207,
226, 268, ix. 154 _n._, x. 49, 89 _sq._, 98 _n._ 1, xi. 275,
297

Britomartis and Minos, iv. 73

Brittany, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 _sq._;
the Veneti of, ii. 353;
belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66;
Burial of Shrove Tuesday or of the Carnival in, iv. 229 _sq._;
Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69;
belief as to warts and the moon in, vi. 149;
Mother-sheaf at harvest in, vii. 135, 209;
custom of sticking pins into a saint’s image in, ix. 70;
riddles asked after a burial in, ix. 121 _sq._, _n._;
forecasting the weather for the year in, ix. 323 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 183 _sqq._;
stones thrown into the Midsummer fires in, x. 240;
the Yule log in, x. 253;
mistletoe hung over doors of stables and byres in, xi. 287;
fern-seed used by treasure-seekers in, xi. 288

Broceliande, the wild woods of, i. 306

_Brochs_, prehistoric ruins, x. 291

Brockelmann, C., on the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 116

Brocken, in the Harz mountains, associated with witches, x. 160 _n._ 1,
171 _n._ 3

Brodek, in Moravia, drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257

_Bromios_, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 2 _n._ 1

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, v. 220 _sq._

Bronze employed in expiatory rites, iii. 226 _n._ 6;
priests to be shaved with, iii. 226

—— Age, in Denmark, ii. 351;
rock-carving of the, in Sweden, vii. 129 _n._ 1

—— knife to cut priest’s hair, iii. 14

—— ploughs used by Etruscans at founding cities, iv. 157

Brooke, Rajah, of Sarawak, viii. 211;
supposed to fertilize the rice-crops, i. 361 _sq._

Broom, a protective against witchcraft, x. 210

Brooms used to sweep misfortune out of house, ix. 5

Broomstick in rain-making, i. 275

Broomsticks, witches ride on, ix. 162, 163

Brother of a god, v. 51;
dead elder, worshipped, vi. 175

—— and sister not allowed to mention each other’s names, iii. 344

“Brother” and “sister,” titles given by men and women to their sex totems,
xi. 215, 216, 218

Brotherhood formed with trees by sucking their sap, ii. 19 _sq._;
of the Green Wolf at Jumièges in Normandy, x. 185 _sq._
_See also_ Blood-brotherhood

Brothers reviled by sisters for good luck, i. 279;
of king put to death on his accession, iii. 243;
childless persons named after their younger, iii. 332, 333;
ancient Egyptian story of the Two, xi. 134 _sqq._

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, iv. 193 _sq._, v.
44;
in ancient Egypt, vi. 214 _sqq._;
their intention to keep the property in the family, vi. 215 _sq._

—— -in-law, their names not to be pronounced, iii. 338, 342, 343, 344, 345

Brown, A. R., as to the Andaman Islanders, ii. 254 _n._;
on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of
childbirth, v. 104 _sqq._

Brown, Dr. Burton, on a burial custom of the Nagas, viii. 100 _n._ 2

Brown, Dr. George, on the magical powers ascribed to chiefs in New
Britain, i. 340;
on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, v. 84;
on the annual appearance of the _Palolo veridis_ in the Samoan Sea, ix.
142 _n._ 1;
on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 32 _sqq._;
on external soul in Melanesia, xi. 199

Bruck in Styria, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother at, vii. 134

Bructeri, a German tribe, worship a woman, i. 391

Bruges, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70

Brughe, John, his cure for bewitched cattle, x. 324 _sq._

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, vi. 26 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, vi. 37 _n._;
on the grave of Osiris at Philae, vi. 111;
on Isis as a personified corn-field, vi. 117

Bruguière, Mgr., on the fear of demons in Siam, ix. 97;
on the annual expulsion of the devil in Siam, ix. 150 _sq._

Brund (or brand), the Christmas, the Yule log, x. 257

Brunhild, Queen of Iceland, the wooing of, ii. 306 _sq._

Brunnen, Twelfth Night at, ix. 165

Brunshaupten, in Mecklenburg, the Wheat-wolf at harvest at, vii. 274

Brunswick, custom at Whitsuntide in, ii. 56 _n._ 3;
May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84, 85;
the May Bride at Whitsuntide in, ii. 96;
dramatic contest between Summer and Winter in, iv. 257;
toothache nailed into a wall or a tree in, ix. 62;
belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96;
Easter bonfires in, x. 140;
need-fire in, x. 277 _sq._

Brushes used in magic, i. 132

Brutus, D. Junius, his mitigation of human sacrifices at graves, iv. 143
_n._ 4

——, L. Junius, one of the first consuls, ii. 290;
his feigned imbecility, ii. 291

Brutus, the assassin, his meeting with Cicero, i. 5

Bryant, Jacob, and Noah’s ark, i. 334

Bubastis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5

Bubui River, in German New Guinea, viii. 295

Buch, Max, on a ceremony of the Wotyaks, ii. 146

Buchan, Hallowe’en fires in, x. 232 _sq._

Buchanan, Francis, on Burmese _nats_, ix, 175 _sq._

_Bûche de Noël_, the Yule log, x. 249

Buckie, names tabooed by fishermen in the village of, iii. 395

Buckthorn, a charm against witches on May Day, ii. 54;
a protection against thunderbolts, ii. 191 _n._ 1;
torch of, at a Roman marriage, ii. 191 _n._ 1;
a protection against witches, ii. 191, ix. 153 _n._ 1, 163;
used in making fire by friction, ii. 251;
chewed to keep off ghosts, ix. 153;
used to beat cattle, ix. 266

Buckwheat cultivated in Burma, vii. 242

Bucolium at Athens, vii. 30

Buddha appealed to for rain, i. 251, 299;
image of, whipped in drought, i. 297 _n._ 7;
images of, drenched as a rain-charm, i. 308;
imitated by a king of Burma, i. 400;
thought to be incarnate in the Grand Lamas, i. 411;
images of, iii. 253;
transmigrations of, viii. 299, 301, ix. 41;
date of his death, viii. 302 _n._ 7;
in relation to spirits, ix. 97;
offerings to, ix. 150

—— and Buddhism, vi. 159

—— and the crocodile, Indian story, xi. 102 _n._ 4

——, Footprint of, in Siam, iii. 275

Buddhas, living, i. 410 _sq._

Buddhism, Tibetan form of, iii. 20;
spiritual declension of, v. 310 _sq._;
in relation to lower religions, ix. 89, 90 _n._ 1, 94, 95 _sqq._;
in Burma, ix. 95 _sq._;
the pope of, ix. 223

Buddhist animism not a philosophical theory, ii. 13 _sq._

—— Lent, the, ix. 349 _sq._

—— monk, who sent his soul out of himself, ii. 49 _sq._

—— monks, suicide of, iv. 42 _sq._;
ceremony at the funeral of, ix. 175

—— priests expel demons, ix. 116

Buddhists of Ceylon, their propitiation of demons, ix. 90 _n._ 1;
the Laosians of Siam nominal, ix. 97

Budding of a bean an omen, ii. 344

Budge, E. A. Wallis, on trinities of Egyptian gods, iv. 5 _n._ 3;
on goddess Net, v. 282 _n._;
on an Egyptian funeral rite, vi. 15 _n._ 2;
on Isis, vi. 115 _sq._;
on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 _n._ 2;
on the solar theory of Osiris, vi. 131 _n._ 3;
on the historical reality of Osiris, vi. 160 _n._ 1;
on Khenti-Amenti, vi. 198 _n._ 2;
on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 _n._ 3;
on the shrines of Osiris, vii. 260 _n._ 2;
on the fear of demons among the ancient Egyptians, ix. 103 _sq._

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children,
v. 104 _sq._

Buecheler, F., his corruption of the text of Petronius, ix. 253 _n._ 2

Buffalo sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249;
external souls of a clan in a, xi. 151;
a Batta totem, xi. 223

Buffalo-bull, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 289

—— calf, sins of dead transferred to a, ix. 36 _sq._

—— clan in Uganda, x. 3

—— dance to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171

—— Society among the Omahas, i. 249

Buffaloes not to be mentioned by their proper name, iii. 407, 408, 412;
sacrificed instead of young girls, iv. 124;
propitiation of dead, viii. 229, 231;
their death bewailed, viii. 242;
the resurrection of, viii. 256;
revered by the Todas, viii. 314;
as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191;
external human souls in, xi. 207, 208

Buffooneries at the Festival of Fools, ix. 335 _sq._

Buginese of Celebes, their homoeopathic charm to ensure longevity, i. 158;
their use of the regalia as a remedy for plague or dearth, i. 363;
their belief as to the blighting effects of incestuous blood, ii. 110;
their custom of swinging at harvest, iv. 277;
ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183

—— sailors, words tabooed to, iii. 413

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 253
_sq._

Bühl, St. John’s fires at, x. 168

Bühler, G., on the identity of the names Perkunas and Parjanya, ii. 367
_n._ 3;
on Parjanya, ii. 369

Building shadows into foundations, iii. 89 _sq._

—— of a canoe, continence at the, iii. 202

—— a house, taboos observed after, ii. 40;
Malay custom as to shadows in, iii. 81

—— houses, magic art resorted to in, ix. 81

—— a new village, continence at, iii. 202

Buir, in district of Cologne, last sheaf shaped like wolf at, vii. 274

Bukaua, the, of German New Guinea, tell stories to promote the growth of
the crops, vii. 103 _sq._, 105;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;
their offerings of first-fruits to the spirits of the dead, viii. 124
_sq_.;
their belief in demons, ix. 83 _sq._;
girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 35;
their rites of initiation, xi. 239 _sqq._

Bukowina, the Ruthenians of, i. 198;
witches on St. George’s Day in, ii. 335

_Bu-ku-rú_, ceremonial uncleanness, in Costa Rica, iii. 147, x. 65 _n._ 1,
86

Bulaa, village in New Guinea, iii. 192 _n._ 5

Bulawayo, capital of the Matabele, rain-making ceremony at, i. 351;
ceremony of the first-fruits at, viii. 70

Bulebane, in Senegambia, precaution as to the spittle of chiefs at, iii.
289

Buléon, Mgr., on the rite of blood-brotherhood with an animal, quoted by
Father H. Trilles, xi. 202 _n._ 1

Bulgaria, ceremony of adoption in, i. 74;
rain-making in, i. 274;
rolling in the dew on St. George’s morning in, ii. 333;
superstition as to milk and butter on St. George’s Day in, ii. 339;
building custom in, iii. 89;
marriage customs in, vi. 246;
masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 333 _sq._;
cure for fever in, ix. 55; the Yule log in, x. 264 _n._ 1;
need-fire in, x. 281, 285;
simples and flowers culled on St. John’s Day in, xi. 50;
creeping through an arch of vines as a cure in, xi. 180;
creeping under the root of a willow as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi.
180 _sq._
_See also_ Bulgarian _and_ Bulgarians

——, Simeon, prince of, xi. 156 _sq._

Bulgarian charm for guarding cattle from wolves, iii. 307

—— peasants threaten fruit-trees to make them bear fruit, ii. 21

—— superstition as to crossed legs, iii. 299

—— women, their charm to hoodwink their husbands, i. 149;
their charm to procure offspring on St. George’s Day, ii. 344

Bulgarians, their customs as to the last sheaf at harvest, vii. 146;
the Carnival among the, viii. 331 _sqq._;
their way of keeping off ghosts, ix. 153 _n._ 1

Bull sacrificed to Poseidon, i. 46;
blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381 _sq._;
as emblem of a thunder-god, ii. 368, v. 134 _sqq._, 136;
sacrificed to the dead, iii. 227;
Pasiphae and the, iv. 71;
as symbol of the sun, iv. 71 _sq._;
as type of reproductive energy, iv. 72;
the brazen, of Phalaris, iv. 75;
perhaps the king’s crest at Cnossus, iv. 111 _sq._;
said to have guided the Samnites, iv. 186 _n._ 4;
as emblem of generative force, v. 123;
worshipped by the Hittites, v. 123, 132;
Hittite god standing on a, v. 135;
as symbol of thunder and fertility, v. 163 _sq._;
the emblem of the Father God, v. 164;
worshipped at Euyuk, v. 164;
testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 276;
in relation to Dionysus, vii. 16 _sq._, 31;
corn-spirit as, vii. 288 _sqq._, viii. 8;
sacrificed at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3;
sacrificed to the dead, viii. 113.
_See also_ Bulls

Bull, black, sacrificed to the dead at Plataea, iv. 95

—— and cow, represented by masked actors, iv. 71

——, live, torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 15, 17, viii. 16

——, sacrifice of, at Egyptian funeral, vi. 15;
to prolong the life of a king, vi. 222;
to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, vi. 238;
at the foundation of a town, vi. 249;
at Magnesia, viii. 7 _sq._;
in Mithraic religion, viii. 10;
at festival of new fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3;
at tomb of dead chief, viii. 113.
_See also_ Bulls

——, white, sacrificed, ii. 188 _sq._;
soul of dead king incarnate in a, vi. 164

Bull-fights and athletic games at festival of new fruits, viii. 66

—— -headed image of the sun, iv. 75, 76, 78

—— -roarers, sacred, used in magical ceremonies to multiply totems, i. 88;
used to make fine weather, i. 265, with note 4;
sounded to make wind blow, i. 324, xi. 232;
whirled at tearing dogs to pieces, vii. 19 _n._ 1;
whirled to make the crops thrive and to multiply game, vii. 104, 106
_sq._, 110, xi. 230 _sq._, 232;
fertilizing virtue attributed to, by savages, vii. 106, xi. 230 _sq._;
called the “mother of yams,” vii. 106;
swung at Greek mysteries, vii. 110;
sounded at initiation of lads, viii. 295, xi. 227, 228 _sqq._, 233
_sqq._, 240, 241;
swung at kindling of sacred fire, x. 133;
sound of, thought to resemble thunder, xi. 228 _sqq._;
sounded at festivals of the dead, xi. 230 _n._;
made from trees struck by lightning, xi. 231;
called “thunder and lightning,” xi. 232;
magical instrument for causing thunder, wind, and rain, xi. 233;
sound of, supposed to be the voice of a spirit, xi. 233, 234, 235;
not to be seen by women, xi. 234, 235, 242;
called by name which means a ghost or spirit of the dead, xi. 242;
called by the same name as the monster who swallows lads at initiation,
xi. 242;
kept in men’s clubhouse, xi. 242;
named after dead men, xi. 242 _n._ 1

Bull-shaped deities, vii. 3 _sqq._

Bull’s blood drunk as means of inspiration, i. 381 _sq._;
as ordeal, i. 382 _n._ 1;
bath of, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 _sq._

—— hide, bride seated on a, vi. 246;
cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, vi. 249

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, vi. 15 _n._ 2

Bullets, magical treatment of, i. 110;
magical modes of averting, i. 130;
blessed by St. Hubert used to shoot witches with, x. 315 _sq._

Bullock, bewitched, burnt to cause the witch to appear, x. 303

Bullocks as scapegoats, ix. 34, 35

Bulloms, the, of Sierra Leone, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318

Bulls sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157;
husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, v. 163;
sacrificed at caves of Pluto, v. 206;
sacrificed to Persephone, v. 213 _n._ 1;
sacrificed to dead chiefs, vi. 191;
eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140;
as scapegoats in Cashmeer, ix. 190 _n._ 5;
as scapegoats in ancient Egypt, ix. 216 _sq._

——, sacred, of ancient Egypt, viii. 34 _sqq._

Bulmer, J., on concealment of personal names among the aborigines of
Victoria, iii. 321

Bundelcund, stopping rain in, i. 296

Bundles of sticks representing ancestors, ii. 214, 216

Bunjil Kraura, a wind-maker of the Kurnai, i. 324

Bunsen, Baron C. C. J., on St. Hippolytus, i. 21 _n._ 2

Bunyoro, in Central Africa, scapegoats sent to, ix. 195

Bunzlau, district of Silesia, last sheaf made up in shape of ox in, vii.
289 _sq._

Burchard, Bishop of Worms, his condemnation of a heathen practice, xi. 191

_Bures_, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 110 _n._ 1, 111 _n._ 1

Burford, in Oxfordshire, Midsummer giant and dragon at, xi. 37

Burgebrach in Bavaria, straw-man burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 232

Burghead, the burning of the Clavie at, iii. 229 _sq._, x. 266 _sq._;
the old rampart at, x. 267 _sq._

Burghers or Badagas. _See_ Badagas

Burglars, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 _sq._

Burgundians deposed their kings for failure of the crops, i. 366

Burgundy, Firebrand Sunday in, x. 114
the Yule log in, x. 254

Burial at flood tide, i. 168
alive of unfaithful virgins in Rome and Peru, ii. 228, 244
alive, in other cases, ii. 228 _n._ 5
at night, iii. 15
of the aged, iv. 11 _sq._
in jars, iv. 12 _sq._
of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 228

—— of infants, ix. 45
to ensure their rebirth, iv. 199 _sq._, v. 91, 93 _sqq._

—— under a running stream, iii. 15
at cross-roads, v. 93 _n._ 1
at Gezer, v. 108 _sq._
of Osiris in his rites, vi. 88

—— of the wren in the Isle of Man, viii. 318 _sq._

Burial customs, certain, perhaps designed to ensure reincarnation, i. 101
_sqq._
to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 51,52

—— -grounds, magical stones kept in, i. 163
regarded as holy, ii. 31
deemed sacred, viii. 111

—— rites intended to deceive ghosts or demons, viii. 97 _sqq._

Burials, customs as to shadows at, iii. 80 _sq._
fictitious, to divert the attention of demons from the real burials,
viii. 98 _sqq._
passing through narrow openings after, xi. 175 _sq._, 177 _sq._, 178
_sq._

Buring Une, a Kayan goddess, vii. 93

Burkitt, Professor F. C., on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 _n._ 1

Burlesques of ecclesiastical ritual, ix. 336 _sq._

Burma, magical images in, i. 62 _sq._
the Shans of, i. 128, 308
the Karens or Karennis of, i. 209, ii. 69, 107, iii. 13, 43, 250, 252,
292, iv. 130 _n._ 1, vii. 10, 189, xi. 157
rain-making by means of fish in, i. 288 _sq._
king of, claims divinity, i. 400 _sq._
the En of, ii. 41
Sagaing district of, ii. 46
Kengtung in, ii. 150
the Kachins of, ii. 237, iii. 200, viii. 120
fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4
kings of, screened from public gaze, iii. 125 _sq._
the Sotih of, iii. 237
royal princes executed without bloodshed in, iii. 242
the Sgaus of, iii. 337
names of the kings of, not to be pronounced by their subjects, iii. 375
the Bghais of, vi. 60
securing the rice-soul in, vii. 189 _sqq._
the Taungthu of, vii. 190
the Szis of Upper, vii. 203 _sq._
custom of threshing rice in, vii. 203 _sq._
head-hunting in, vii. 256
offering of first-fruits to the king of, viii. 116;
the Chins of, viii. 121;
ravages of rats in, viii. 282 _n._ 8;
sacred fish in, viii. 291;
heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12;
belief in demons in, ix. 95 _sq._;
expulsion of demons in, ix. 116 _sq._;
the tug-of-war in, ix. 175 _sq._

Burmese, their conception of the soul as a butterfly, iii. 51 _sq._;
their belief as to ghosts of men who have died a violent death, iii. 90;
their conduct during an earthquake, v. 201

—— cure by burying effigy of sick man, viii. 103

—— custom on return from a funeral, iii. 51

—— doctrine of _nats_, ix. 175

—— Lent, ix. 349 _sq._

—— mode of rain-making, i. 284;
of disposing of cut hair and nails, iii. 277

—— recall of lost soul, iii. 51 _sq._

—— superstitions as to the head, iii. 253

Burne, Miss C. S., on Devonshire custom of “crying the neck,” vii. 266

——, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson, on “Souling Day” in Shropshire,
vi. 78 _sq._;
on the fear of witchcraft in Shropshire, x. 342 _n._ 4

Burning refuse of food as a magical means of causing the eater to fall
ill, i. 341;
of sacred trees or poles, ii. 141 _sq._;
of cut hair and nails to prevent them being used in sorcery, iii. 281
_sqq._;
of Melcarth, v. 110 _sqq._;
of Sandan and Hercules, v. 117 _sqq._, 388 _sqq._;
of Cilician gods, v. 170 _sq._;
of Sardanapalus, v. 172 _sqq._;
of Croesus, v. 174 _sqq._;
of a god, v. 188 _sq._;
of last sheaf of corn, vii. 146;
of the Clavie at Burghead, x. 266 _sq._;
of a bewitched animal or part of it to cause the witch to appear, x.
303, 305, 307 _sq._;
of human beings in the fires, xi. 21 _sqq._;
of live animals at spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 _sqq._;
the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 _sq._, 43
_sq._;
of human victims annually, xi. 286 _n._ 2

—— alive as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 243;
human victims to prolong king’s life, vi. 226;
human victims of Fire-god, ix. 301;
animals to stay cattle-plague, x. 300 _sqq._

—— effigies of the Carnival, iv. 223, 224, 228 _sq._, 229 _sq._, 232
_sq._;
of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 227 _sqq._;
of Winter at Zurich, iv. 260 _sq._;
in the Midsummer fires, x. 195

—— the Easter Man, x. 144

“—— the Old Wife (Old Woman),” x. 116, 120

Burning the Old Witch, vii. 224

“—— the Old Year,” at Biggar, ix. 165;
among the Biyars of North-Western India, ix. 230 _n._ 7

—— the Witches (invisible or represented by effigies) on May Day in the
Isle of Man, ii. 54, x. 157, in the Tyrol, ix. 158 _sq._;
on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 161, x. 159, in Silesia and Saxony,
ix. 161, x. 160;
on Twelfth Night in Herefordshire, ix. 319;
on the first Sunday in Lent in Luxemburg, the Tyrol, and Swabia, x. 116,
in Switzerland, x. 118 _sq._;
on Beltane (May Day) in Scotland, x. 154;
at Hallowe’en in Scotland, x. 232 _sq._;
“Burning the Witches” name for fires of European festivals, xi. 43

—— witches (in flesh and blood) among the Baganda, ix. 19;
at Leith, ix. 165;
in Germany, x. 6;
after shaving them, xi. 158

Burning discs thrown into the air, x. 116 _sq._, 119, 143, 165, 166, 168
_sq._, 172

—— -glass or mirror, fire kindled by, ii. 207 _n._ 1, 243, 244 _n._ 1

—— wheels rolled down hill, x. 116, 117 _sq._, 119, 141, 143, 161, 162
_sq._, 163 _sq._, 166, 173, 174, 201, 328, 334, 337 _sq._;
rolled over fields at Midsummer to fertilize them, x. 191, 340, _sq._;
perhaps to burn witches, x. 345

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, v. 177 _sq._;
for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, v. 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, v. 230 _sq._;
“bonny woods and braes” of Loudon, x. 207;
on Hallowe’en, x. 234

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, v. 179 _sq._

—— Land of Lydia, v. 193 _sq._

—— sacrifices to stay cattle-plague in England, Wales, and Scotland, x.
300 _sqq._

Burrha, river, Hera’s bath in the, v. 280

Burs, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144;
a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177

Buru, East Indian island, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152;
oil made by unmarried girls in, iii. 201;
natives of, forbidden to utter their own names, iii. 324;
names of relations tabooed among the Alfoors of, iii. 341;
unlawful to use words resembling the names of the dead in, iii. 361;
use of oil as a charm in, v. 21 _n._ 2;
the natives of, ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183;
“eating the soul of the rice” in, viii. 54;
dog’s flesh eaten to make eater brave in, viii. 145;
demons of sickness expelled in a proa from, ix. 186

Buryat shaman, his mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 56 _sq._

Buryats of Siberia place the bones of dead shamans in trees, ii. 32

“Burying the Carnival,” iv. 209, 220 _sqq._

—— bewitched animals alive, x. 324 _sqq._

—— the evil spirit, ix. 110

—— girls at puberty in the ground, x. 38 _sqq._

“—— the sheaf” in Ireland, i. 69

Bush negroes of Surinam set up two-headed idols at entrance of villages,
ii. 385;
their belief that leprosy is caused by eating a certain animal, viii. 26

Bushes, ailments transferred to, ix. 54, 56

Bushmen, magical telepathy among the, i. 123;
of the Kalahari desert, their fire sticks, ii. 218 _n._ 1;
custom as to their shadows, iii. 83;
think it unlucky to speak of the lion by his proper name, iii. 400;
their rules of diet based on sympathetic magic, viii. 140 _sq._;
will not let their children eat a jackal’s heart, viii. 141;
unable to distinguish between animals and men, viii. 206;
will not eat the sinew in the thigh of a hare, viii. 266 _n._ 1;
throw stones on the devil’s grave, ix. 16;
their prayers at a cairn, ix. 30;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 79;
their way of warming up the star Sirius, x. 332 _sq._

Bushongo, royal persons among the, not allowed to set foot on the ground,
x. 4;
their use of bull-roarers, xi. 229;
their rites of initiation, xi. 264 _sqq._

Busiris, an Egyptian city, “the house of Osiris,” iii. 390, vii. 260;
backbone of Osiris at, vi. 11, 18;
ritual of Osiris at, vi. 86, 87 _sq._;
festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, vi. 108;
temple of Usirniri at, vi. 151

——, king of Egypt, his human sacrifices, vii. 259;
slain by Hercules, vii. 259

Busiro, district containing the graves and temples of the kings of Uganda,
vi. 168, 169, 224

_Busk_, festival of first-fruits among the Creek Indians, viii. 72

Busoga, pretended human sacrifice in, iv. 215

Bust, double-headed, at Nemi, i. 41 _sq._

Bustard totem of the Ingarda, v. 104

_Butea frondosa_ worshipped, viii. 119;
its flowers offered, ix. 136

Butlers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 _sq._, 205

Buto, city in Egypt, Horus and Isis at, vi. 10

Butter, time for making, i. 167;
stolen by witches on May Day, ii. 53;
stolen by witches on Walpurgis Night and Midsummer Eve, ii. 127;
thought to be improved by the Midsummer fires, x. 180;
bewitched, burnt at a crossroad, x. 322

“Butter-churning,” Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, x. 279

Butterflies, souls of dead in, vi. 164, viii. 290, 291, 296 _sq._;
annual expulsion of, ix. 159 _n._ 1

Butterfly, the soul as a, iii. 29 _n._ 1, 41, 51 _sq._

—— of the rice, vii. 190

Butterfly dance in Brazil, ix. 381

—— god in Samoa, viii. 29

Buttmann, Ph., on Virbius and the King of the Wood, i. 40 _n._ 2;
on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 _n._ 3;
on the derivation of _janua_ from _Janus_, ii. 384 _n._ 2

Büttner, C. G., on the firesticks of the Herero, ii. 218

Button-snake root used as a purgative, viii. 73, 75

Buzzard, the bald-headed, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
killing the sacred, viii. 169 _sqq._

Byblus, hair offerings to Astarte at, i. 30;
Adonis at, v. 13 _sqq._;
the kings of, v. 14 _sqq._;
mourning for Adonis at, v. 38;
religious prostitution at, v. 58;
inspired prophets at, v. 75 _sq._;
festival of Adonis at, v. 225;
Osiris and Isis at, vi. 9;
the queen of, vi. 9;
Osiris associated with, vi. 22 _sq._, 127;
its relation to Egypt, vi. 127 _n._ 1

Byrne, H. J., on Twelfth Night in Roscommon, ix. 321 _sq._

Byron, Lord, and the oak, xi. 166

Byrsa, origin of the name, vi. 250

Cabag Head, witches at, i. 135

Cabbages, charm to make cabbages grow, i. 136 _sq._;
divination by, at Hallowe’en, i. 242;
threatened by Esthonian peasants to make them grow, ii. 22.
_See also_ Kail

Cabugatan, in the Philippine Islands, the Igorrots of, viii. 292

Cabunian, Mount, grave of the Creator on, iv. 3

Cachar, the Kookies of, i. 160 _n._ 3

Cacongo, in West Africa, rules observed by the king of, iii. 115, 118

Cactus, taboos observed by the Huichol Indians during their search for the
sacred, i. 123 _sq._;
hung at door of house where there is a lying-in woman, iii. 155

Cadiz, death at low tide at, i. 167;
custom of swinging at, iv. 284

Cadmea, the, at Thebes, named after Cadmus, iv. 79

Cadmus, servitude of, for the slaughter of the dragon, iv. 70 _n._ 1, 78;
the slayer of the dragon at Thebes, iv. 78 _sq._;
seeks Europa and founds Thebes, iv. 88;
at Samothrace, iv. 89 _n._ 4;
turned into a snake, v. 86 _sq._;
perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes vi. 241

Cadmus and Harmonia, their transformation into serpents, iv. 84;
marriage of, iv. 88, 89

——, Mount, v. 207

Cadys, king of Lydia, ii. 281;
his son Sadyattes, v. 183

Caeculus born from the fire, ii. 197;
son of the fire-god Vulcan, vi. 235

Caeles Vibenna, an Etruscan, ii. 196 _n._

Caelian hill at Rome, ii. 185, 190

Caesar, Julius, robs Capitoline Jupiter, i. 4;
his villa at Nemi, i. 5;
his beneficent rule, i. 216;
on the Hercynian forest, ii. 7;
as to German observation of the moon, vi. 141;
his regulation of the calendar, vi. 37, vii. 83 _sq._, ix. 345;
on the fortification walls of the Gauls, x. 267;
on human sacrifices among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32

Caesar, Lucius, his villa at Nemi, i. 5

Caesarea. _See_ Everek

Caesars, their name derived from _caesaries_, ii. 180

Caffre boys at circumcision, customs observed by, iii, 156 _sq._

—— girls, their remedy for a plague of caterpillars, viii. 280

—— hunters, their ceremonies after killing a lion, iii. 220;
their propitiation of the elephants which they kill, viii. 227

—— kings turn at death into boa-constrictors, iv. 84

—— villages, women’s tracks at, x. 80

Caffres, their rule as to eating mice, i. 118;
corpulence a mark of rank among the, ii. 297;
race for a bride among the, ii. 303;
their superstitions as to their shadows, iii. 78 _sq._, 83, 87;
think that the shadows of trees are sensitive, iii. 82;
expiation performed by man who had killed a boa-constrictor among the,
iii. 221 _sq._;
their horror of the pollution of blood, iii. 245 _sq._;
their custom as to the blood of sacrifice, iii. 247;
their disposal of their cut hair and nails, iii. 278;
their use of knots as a charm on a journey, iii. 306;
their custom of boiling a thief’s name, iii. 331;
call brides after their future children, iii. 333;
“women’s speech” among the, iii. 335 _sq._;
their purificatory ceremonies after a battle, vi. 251 _sq._;
their festival of new fruits, viii. 64 _sqq._;
inoculation with powdered charcoal among the, viii. 159 _sq._;
their custom of fumigating infants, viii. 166 _sq._;
will not eat the sinew of the thigh, viii. 266 _n._ 1;
their custom of adding stones to heaps, ix. 11;
their prayers at cairns, ix. 30

Caffres of Natal, their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290;
their festival of first-fruits, viii. 64 _sqq._

—— of Sofala, their dread of hollow things, i. 157 _sq._

—— of South Africa, ix. 11, 30;
their way of stopping a high wind, i. 321 _sq._;
their superstition as to shadows, iii. 87;
purified after battle, iii. 172, 174 _sq._;
their belief and custom as to falling stars, iv. 65;
date their new year by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 116, 315 _sq._;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 116;
transfer sickness from men to goats, ix. 31;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 30;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._, 232

—— of the Zambesi region believe that human souls transmigrate after death
into animals, viii. 288 _sq._

Cages, girls at puberty confined in, x. 32 _sqq._, 44, 45

Caidu, a Tartar king, ii. 306

Caiem, the caliph, iv. 8

_Cailleach_ (Old Wife), name given to last corn cut, vii. 140 _sqq._, 164
_sqq._

—— _beal-tine_, the Beltane carline, x. 148

Caingua Indians of Paraguay, their fire customs, ii. 258 _sq._;
their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii.
285 _sq._

Cairns, cut hair buried in, iii. 274 _sq._;
to which every passer-by adds a stone, ix. 9 _sqq._;
near shrines of saints, ix. 21;
offerings at, ix. 26 _sqq._
_See also_ Heaps

Cairnshee, in Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires on, x. 206

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, vi. 38, 39 _sq._;
the old south gate of, ix. 63;
cure for toothache and headache at, ix. 63

Caithness, the cutter of the last sheaf called Winter in, vii. 142;
need-fire in, x. 290 _sqq._

Cajaboneros Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before
sowing, ii. 105

_Cajanus Indicus_, pulse, cultivated by the Korwas, vii. 123

Cake called the Christmas Boar, vii. 302 _sq._;
with coin in it at Carnival, omens drawn from, viii. 332;
on Twelfth Night used to determine the King, ix. 313 _sqq._;
put on horn of ox, ix. 318 _sq._;
St. Michael’s, x. 149, 154 _n._ 3;
salt, divination by, x. 238 _sq._;
the Yule or Christmas, x. 257, 259, 261

Cakes rolled as a mode of divination on St. George’s Day, ii. 338;
in obscene shapes, vii. 62;
in human form, vii. 149;
special, baked at threshing, vii. 150;
of dough at the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 _sq._;
as substitutes for animal victims, viii. 25;
in the form of animals, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
sacrificial, baked of new barley or rice, viii. 120;
made at Christmas out of last sheaf in form of goats, rams, or boars,
viii. 328;
special, at New Year, ix. 149 _sq._;
with twelve knobs offered to Cronus and other deities, ix. 351, 351 _n._
3;
Hallowe’en, x. 238, 241, 245;
Beltane, x. 148 _sq._, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155;
divination by, x. 242, 243

Calabar, fetish king at, iii. 22 _sq._;
soul of chief in sacred grove at, xi. 161;
negroes of, their belief in external or bush souls lodged in animals,
xi. 204 _sqq._, 220, 222 _n._ 5;
the fattening-house for girls in, xi. 259

—— district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, vi. 104

——, Old, sacred grove of, ii. 42;
annual expulsion of demons at, viii. 108;
biennial expulsion of demons at, ix. 203 _sq._

—— River, iv. 197, ix. 28

Calabash, ceremony of breaking the, at festival of new fruits, viii. 68
_n._ 3

Calabashes, souls shut up in, iii. 72

Calabria, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” in, iv. 241;
custom of swinging in, iv. 284;
Easter custom in, v. 254;
murderers taste the blood of their victims in, viii. 156;
annual expulsion of witches in, ix. 157;
holy water at Easter in, x. 123

Calah, ancient capital of Assyria, annual marriage of the god Nabu at, ii.
130

Calamities, almost all, set down to witchcraft, xi. 19 _sq._

Caland, Dr. W., on the magical nature of Vedic ritual, i. 229

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, v. 203 _n._ 2

Calbe, in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287

Calchaquis Indians of Paraguay, their way of keeping off death, iii. 31

Calcutta, keys as amulets in, iii. 236

Caldwell, Bishop R., on devil-dancers in Southern India, i. 382

Calenberg, holy oak near, ii. 371

Calendar, regulation of the early, an affair of religion, iv. 69, vii. 83;
the natural, vi. 25;
change in Chinese, x. 137;
the reform of the, in relation to floral superstitions, xi. 55 _n._ 1

Calendar, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, vi. 84;
used by Theophanes, ix. 395 _n._ 1

—— of the primitive Aryans, ix. 325

——, the Babylonian, ix. 398 _n._ 2

—— of the Celts of Gaul, ix. 342 _sq._

——, the Coligny, i. 17 _n._ 2, ix. 342 _sqq._

——, the Coptic, vi. 6 _n._ 3

——, the Egyptian, vi. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, vi. 36 _n._ 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, vi. 30 _sqq._

—— of Esne, vi. 49 _sq._

——, the ancient Greek, determined by astronomical considerations, iv. 68
_sq._;
regulated by the moon and of little use to the husbandman, vii. 52
_sq._, 80

—— of the Indians of San Juan Capistrano in California, vii. 125 _sq._

——, the Julian, vi. 93 _n._ 1;
used by Mohammedans, x. 218 _sq._

—— of the Maya Indians of Yucatan, vi. 29 _n._, ix. 171

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, vi. 28 _n._ 3

——, the Mohammedan, x. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._

—— of Philocalus, v. 303 _n._ 2, 304 _n._ 3, vi. 95 _n._ 1

——, the Roman, vii. 83 _sq._

——, the Syro-Macedonian, iv. 116

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, vi. 95 _n._ 1;
the Pleiades in primitive, vii. 307 _sqq._;
conflict of, x. 218

_Calendeau, calignau_, the Yule-log at Marseilles, x. 250

Calf shod in buskins sacrificed to Dionysus, vii. 33;
the genitals of, served up to man who gave last stroke at threshing,
vii. 148;
killed at harvest, vii. 290;
mythical, in the corn, vii. 292;
name applied to bunch of corn on harvest-field, vii. 292;
sacrifice of buffalo, viii. 314;
burnt alive to stop a murrain, x. 300 _sq._
_See also_ Calves

_Calica Puran_, an Indian law-book, i. 63, iv. 217

Calicut, rule of succession observed by the kings of, iv. 47 _sqq._, 206;
ceremonies at sowing in, ix. 235

California, the Digger Indians of, viii. 164

——, the Karok Indians of, vi. 47, viii. 255

——, the Maidu Indians of, i. 122, 357, xi. 295, 298

——, the Nishinam tribe of, iii. 338

California, the Pomos of, ix. 170 _sq._

——, the Senal Indians of, xi. 295

——, the Yuki Indians of, i. 133

Californian Indians, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331;
secrecy of personal names among the, iii. 326;
names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352;
their custom as to meteors, iv. 62;
eat pine nuts, v. 278 _n._ 2;
their annual festivals of the dead, vi. 52 _sq._;
their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,”
vi. 111 _n._ 1;
women’s work among the Indians of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125;
their calendar, vii. 125 _sq._;
their custom of killing the sacred buzzard, viii. 169 _sqq._;
their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii.
286 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 41 _sqq._;
ordeals among the, x. 64

—— missions, the Spanish, viii. 171 _n._ 1

Caligula, his barges on the lake of Nemi, i. 5;
and the priest of Nemi, i. 11;
and King Agrippa, ix. 418

Callander, the parish of, Beltane fires in, x. 150 _sqq._;
Hallowe’en fires in, x. 231

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on chiefs as medicine-men, i. 350 _n._ 2;
on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, vi. 184 _sq._;
on the observation of the Pleiades by the Amazulu, vii. 316

Callias, the Eleusinian Torch-bearer, vii. 54, 73 _n._ 3

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, v. 214 _sqq._

Callo, a holy spirit among the Gallas, i. 396

Calmucks, race for bride among the, ii. 301 _sq._;
divine by shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4
_See also_ Kalmucks

_Calotropis gigantea_, man married to, in Southern India, ii. 57 _n._ 4

—— _procera_, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 209

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, vi. 232 _sq._

Caltanisetta, in Sicily, violence done to St. Michael at, i. 300

Calves, unborn, sacrifice of, viii. 42;
burnt to stop disease in the herds, x. 301, 306.
_See also_ Calf

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, v. 167 _n._ 2

Calymnos, a Greek island, superstition as to menstruous women in, x. 96
_sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 212

Camasene and Janus, vi. 235 _n._ 6

Cambaita, custom of religious suicide at, iv. 54

Cambodia, mode of annulling evil omens in, i. 170 _sqq._;
custom as to effacing impressions of pots in ashes in, i. 214;
the Chams of, i. 280;
the regalia regarded as a palladium in, i. 365;
human incarnations of gods in, i. 385 _sq._;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i.
401 _n._ 3;
Kings of Fire and Water in, ii. 3 _sqq._, iii. 17, iv. 14;
the King of, sends presents to the Kings of Fire and Water, ii. 5;
sacred trees in, ii. 46;
use of fire kindled by lightning in, ii. 256 _n._ 1;
kings of, not to be touched, iii. 226;
the king of, ceremony at cutting his hair, iii. 265;
kings of, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 376;
annual temporary king in, iv. 148 _sq._;
annual festival of the dead in, vi. 61 _sq._;
the Banars of, viii. 33;
vicarious use of effigies to save sick people in, viii. 103;
the Stiens of, viii. 237;
annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149;
palace of the kings of, annually purged of devils, ix. 172;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 70;
ritual at cutting a parasitic orchid in, xi. 81

Cambodian hunter, homoeopathic magic used by, i. 109 _sq._

—— or Siamese story of the external soul, xi. 102

Cambodians, their superstitions as to the head, iii. 254

Cambridge, the May Lady at, ii. 62;
Jack-in-the-Green at, ii. 83 _n._ 1;
personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, preserved at, vi.
197;
ancient customs in, vii. 146;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
Lord of Misrule at, ix. 330

Cambridgeshire, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 203;
permanent May-pole in, ii. 71 _n._ 1;
the Straw-bear in, viii. 329;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
witch as cat in, x. 317

Cambulac (Peking), Marco Polo as to, iii. 243 _sq._

Cambus o’ May, near Ballater, holed stone at, xi. 187

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, v. 176 _n._ 2

Camden, W., on Irish precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 53;
on custom observed by the Irish when they fall, iii. 68

Camel, plague transferred to, ix. 33

Camel-races in honour of the dead, iv. 97

Camels not called by their proper name, iii. 402;
infested by jinn, ix. 260

Cameron, Hugh E., on the harvest Maiden in Inverness-shire, vii. 162 _n._
3

Cameron, V. L., on divinity claimed by an African chief, i. 395

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, v. 299 _n._ 2

Cameroons, chiefs as fetish-men in the, i. 349;
the Ngumbu of the, ii. 210;
the Duala tribe of the, iv. 130 _n._ 1;
the Bakundu of the, viii. 99;
expulsion of the spirits of disease in the, ix. 120 _sq._;
life of person bound up with tree in the, xi. 161;
theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200, 202 _sq._

Camillus, his triumph, ii. 174 _n._ 2

Camomile (_Anthemis nobilis_) burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213;
sacred to Balder, xi. 63;
gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63

Camp shifted after a death, iii. 353

Campbell, Rev. John, on Bechuana superstition as to trees and rain, ii.
49;
on refusal of Bechuanas to tell stories before sunset, iii. 384;
on Coranna treatment of the sick, xi. 192, 192 _n._ 1

Campbell, Major-General John, on Khond human sacrifices, vii. 248, 250

Campbell, Rev. J. G., on the Harvest Old Wife in the Highlands of
Scotland, vii. 140, 165 _sq._;
on _deiseal_, x. 151 _n._

Campe, near Stade, the Fox in the corn at, vii. 296

Camphor, taboos observed in search for, i. 114 _sq._;
telepathy in search for, i. 124 _sq._;
special language employed by searchers for, iii. 405 _sqq._;
custom observed in the search for, viii. 186 _n._

Camphor-trees, ceremonies at cutting down, iii. 406

Campo di Giove, in the Abruzzi, Easter candles at, x. 122

—— Santo at Pisa, contest between angels and devils in the, ix. 175

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, v. 39 _n._ 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, v. 17

Canaanites, their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv.
168

Canada, Indians of, their belief that winds are caused by a fish, i. 320;
capture of souls by wizards among the, iii. 73;
kept their names secret, iii. 326;
their ceremony for mitigating the cold of winter, iv. 259 _sq._;
kept the bones of beavers from dogs, viii. 239 _sq._;
would not eat the embryos of elks from fear of offending the
mother-elks, viii. 243

Cañar (Cuenca), in Ecuador, human sacrifices at harvest in, vii. 236

Canarese of South India, their euphemisms for a tiger, iii. 402

Canarium nuts, first-fruits of, offered to ghosts in Solomon Islands,
viii. 126

Canary Islands, rain-making in the, by beating the sea, i. 301

Canathus, Hera’s annual bath in the spring of, v. 280

Cancer, Tropic of, vii. 125

Candaules, king of Lydia, murdered by Gyges, ii. 281;
descended from Hercules, ii. 282;
and the double-headed axe, v. 182, 183

Candle sent by Fire King to the King of Cambodia, ii. 5 _sq._;
virginity tested by flame of, ii. 240, x. 139 _n._;
the Easter or Paschal, x. 121, 122, 125;
divination by the flame of a, at Hallowe’en, x. 229;
the Yule or Christmas, x. 255, 256, 260;
external soul in a, xi. 125 _sq._
_See also_ Candles

—— and apple, biting at, a Hallowe’en sport, x. 241, 242, 243, 245

Candlemas (February 2nd), dances at, to make flax grow tall, i. 138;
Bridget’s bed on the night before, ii. 94, 242;
pea-soup and pigs’ bones eaten at, vii. 300;
dances for the crops at, ix. 238;
Lord of Misrule at, ix. 332, 333;
in the Armenian church, bonfires at, x. 131;
the Yule log at, x. 256 _n._

—— candles, x. 264 _n._ 4

Candles, Catholic practice of dedicating, i. 13;
magical, used by burglars to cause sleep, i. 148, 149;
made of human tallow and used by thieves, i. 236;
lighted, tied to sacred oak, ii. 372;
twelve, on Twelfth Night, ix. 321 _sq._;
burnt at the Feast of Purim, ix. 394;
used to keep off witches, x. 245

Candy, sugar, in homoeopathic magic, i. 157

Canelos Indians of Ecuador, afraid of being photographed, iii. 97;
their belief in the transmigration of human souls into jaguars, viii.
285

Canicular year, a Sothic period, vi. 36 _n._ 2

Cannibal banquets of the ancient Mexicans, viii. 92, ix. 279 _n._ 1, 283,
298

—— feast, legendary, at the Boeotian Orchomenus, iv. 164

—— orgies among the Indians of North-West America, vii. 18 _sqq._

—— societies in ancient Greece and Africa, iv. 83;
among the Indians of North-West America, vii. 20 _sq._

—— Spirit among the Haida Indians, vii. 21

Cannibalism, in Australia, perhaps intended to ensure the reincarnation of
the dead, i. 106 _sq._;
at hair-cutting in Fiji, iii. 264;
in certain cases perhaps intended to form a blood-covenant with the
dead, viii. 156

Cannibals, taboos imposed on, among the Kwakiutl Indians, iii. 188 _sqq._;
a secret society of the Kwakiutl Indians, vii. 20

Cannons, toy, as regalia, i. 364

Canoe, fish offered to, iii. 195

Canoes, continence observed at building, iii. 202

Canopus, town in Egypt, the decree of, vi. 27, 34 _n._ 1, 37 _n._, 88 _n._
2

Canopus, star, observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308

—— and Sirius in Bushman lore, x. 333

Cantabrian coast of Spain, belief as to death at ebb-tide on the, i. 167

Cantabrians, mother-kin among the, ii. 285

Canton, the province of, the Hak-Ka in, ix. 144

——, violence done to the rain-god at, in time of drought or excessive
rain, i. 299

Canute, King of England, his marriage with Emma, ii. 282 _sq._

Capaneus and Evadne, v. 177 _n._ 3

Capart, Jean, on palettes found in Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 _n._ 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of
children, v. 102

—— Coast Castle, on the Gold Coast, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 132
_sq._

—— Padron, in Guinea, priestly king near, iii. 5

—— Vancouver, iii. 228, viii. 249 _n._ 1

—— York Peninsula in Queensland, extraction of teeth among the natives of,
i. 99, 100;
the Gudangs of, iii. 346, 359;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the natives of, x. 37, 38

Capena, the Porta, at Rome, i. 18

Caper-spurge (_Euphorbia lathyris_) burned on May Day as a protection
against witches, ix. 158 _sq._;
identified with mythical springwort, xi. 69

Capillary attraction in magic, i. 83

Capital of column, external soul in, xi. 156 _sq._

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, v. 290 _n._
2

Capitol at Rome, temple of Jupiter on the, ii. 174, 176, 184;
image of Jupiter on the, ii. 175;
built by Romulus, ii. 176;
Jupiter worshipped on the, ii. 361;
ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, vi. 244;
the oak of Jupiter on the, xi. 89

—— at Cirta, image of Jupiter on the, ii. 177