Chapter XXV: Part 25

Lions not called by their proper names, iii. 400;
called foxes for euphemism, iii. 400;
dead kings reincarnate in, iv. 84, v. 83 _n._ 1, vi. 163;
carved, at gate, v. 128;
as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, v. 137;
deities seated on, v. 162;
spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, vi. 193;
inspired human mediums of, viii. 213;
propitiation of dead, viii. 228;
souls of the dead in, viii. 287 _sqq._

Lip, under, of bullock tabooed as food, i. 119

Lippe, the river, a tributary of the Rhine, i. 391

Lir majoran, a god of husbandry in the Kei Islands, viii. 123

Lisiansky, U., on annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117 _sq._

Lismore, witch as hare in, x. 316 _sq._

Lithuania, the May Queen in, ii. 74;
customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii.
340 _sq._;
wolves not to be called by their proper names during December in, ii.
396;
the last sheaf called Boba (Old Woman) in, vii. 145;
customs at threshing in, vii. 148, 223 _sq._;
custom at cutting the last corn in, vii. 223;
old Lithuanian ceremonies at eating the new corn, viii. 49 _sq._;
mummers and dances on Twelfth Day in Prussian Lithuania, viii. 327;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269;
Midsummer fires in, x. 176;
sanctuary at Romove in, xi. 91.
_See also_ Lithuanians

Lithuanian mythology, ii. 348

Lithuanians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211;
tree-worship among the, ii. 9, xi. 89;
the thunder-god Perkunas of the, ii. 365 _sqq._;
their reverence for oaks, ii. 366, 371;
the old, their funeral banquets, iii. 238;
the Old Rye-Woman among the, vii. 133;
their custom before first ploughing in spring, x. 18;
their story of the external soul, xi. 113 _sqq._
_See also_ Lithuania

——, the heathen, their worship of the sun, i. 317 _sq._;
their sacred groves, ii. 46;
sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George’s Day, ii. 347

Little Deer, chief of the deer tribe, viii. 241

“—— Easter Sunday” (Low Sunday), in Cornwall, iv. 153, 154 _n._ 1

—— Jupiter, the, ii. 179, 192

—— Leaf Man, ii. 80 _sq._

—— Whitsuntide Man, ii. 81

—— Wood-woman, vii. 232

Lityerses, song of Phrygian reapers and threshers, vii. 216;
son of Midas, king of Phrygia, vii. 217;
his reaping-matches, vii. 217;
his treatment of strangers on the harvest field, vii. 217;
slain by Hercules, vii. 217;
story of, its coincidences with harvest-customs of modern Europe, vii.
218 _sqq._, 236, 252 _sqq._;
his relation to Attis, vii. 255 _sq._;
compared to Bormus, vii. 257

Liver, indurated, thought to be healed by touch of chief’s feet, i. 371;
induration of the, attributed to touching sacred chief, iii. 133;
of kangaroo rubbed on back of man-slayer, iii. 167 _sq._;
of pig, omens drawn from, vii. 97;
of deer eaten to make eater long-lived like deer, viii. 143;
of dog eaten to acquire bravery, viii. 145;
of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, viii. 146;
regarded as the seat of the soul, viii. 147 _sq._;
regarded as the seat of valour, viii. 148;
of brave men eaten, viii. 148, 151 _sq._;
of bear, used as medicine, viii. 187 _sq._

Lives of a family bound up with a fish, xi. 200;
with a cat, xi. 150 _sq._

“Living fire” made by the friction of wood, ii. 237, x. 220;
as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336;
the need-fire, x. 281, 286

—— parents, children of, in ritual, vi. 236 _sqq._

Livingstone, David, on the government of the Banyai, ii. 292

Livinhac, Mgr., on chiefs as rain-makers in the Nyanza region, i. 353

Livonia, sacred grove in, ii. 43;
belief as to were-wolves in, iii. 42;
Midsummer festival in, iv. 280;
story of a were-wolf in, x. 308

Livonians cull simples on Midsummer Day, xi. 49 _sq._

Livuans, the, of New Britain, their belief in demons, ix. 82 _sq._

Livy on the Ciminian forest, ii. 8;
on the annual Roman custom of knocking a nail, ix. 66;
on the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _n._ 1

Lizard, soul in form of, iii. 38;
external soul in, xi. 199 _n._ 1;
sex totem in the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216;
said to have divided the sexes in the human species, xi. 216

—— or snake in annual ceremony for the riddance of evils, ix. 208

Lizards and serpents supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins,
ix. 302 _sqq._

_Ljeschie_, Russian wood-spirits, viii. 2

Lkuñgen Indians, their charm to make hair grow long, i. 145;
their magic uses of wasps, i. 152;
their contagious magic of wounds, i. 202;
believe trees to be men transformed, ii. 30

Llama, blood of, sprinkled on doorway, iv. 176 _n._ 1;
black, as scapegoat, ix. 193

Llandebie, sin-eater reported near, ix. 44

Llandegla in Wales, church of St. Tecla at, ix. 52

Llangors, in Breconshire, the sin-eater at, ix. 43

Lo Bengula, king of the Matabeles, i. 394;
as a rain-maker, i. 351 _sq._;
treatment of strangers before admission to, iii. 114

Loaf made of corn of last sheaf, vii. 148 _sq._;
thrown into river Neckar on St. John’s Day, xi. 28.
_See also_ Loaves

Loango, palsy called the king’s disease in, i. 371;
the negroes of, their belief that sexual crime entails drought and
famine, ii. 111 _sq._;
the Bavili of, ii. 112;
licence of princesses in, ii. 276 _sq._;
taboos observed by kings of, iii. 8, 9;
foods tabooed to priests and heirs to the throne in, iii. 291;
practice of knocking nails into idols in, ix. 69 _sq._, 70 _n._ 1;
new-born infants not allowed to touch the earth in, x. 5;
girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22

Loango, king of, deposed for failure of harvest or of fishing, i. 353;
revered as a god, i. 396;
fights all rivals for his crown, ii. 322;
forbidden to see a white man’s house, iii. 115;
not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 117 _sq._;
confined to his palace, iii. 123;
refuse of his food buried, iii. 129

Loaves in shape of a boar, vii. 300;
hung on head of sacrificed horse, viii. 42, 43;
in human shape, viii. 48 _sq._, 94, 95.
_See also_ Loaf

Lobeck, Chr. A., on the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 _n._ 5;
his emendation of Pausanias, viii. 18 _n._ 1;
his emendation of Clement of Alexandria (_Protrept._ ii. 17), viii. 20
_n._ 7

_Lobo_, spirit-house, among the Toradjas of Celebes, i. 129, ii. 39

Local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96

Loch Katrine, x. 231

—— Tay, Hallowe’en fires on the banks of, x. 232

Lochaber, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157

Lock and key in a charm, x. 283

Locks unlocked at childbirth, iii. 294, 296;
thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299;
as amulets, iii. 308;
unlocked to facilitate death, iii. 309;
magical virtue of, iii. 310;
opened by springwort, xi. 70;
opened by the white flower of chicory, xi. 71;
mistletoe a master-key to open all, xi. 85

—— and knots, magical virtue of, iii. 309 _sq._
_See also_ Keys

Locrians, the Epizephyrians, female kinship among the, ii. 284;
their sacrifice of maidens to the Trojan goddess, ii. 284;
the prostitution of their daughters before marriage, ii. 285;
vicarious sacrifice offered by the, viii. 95 _n._ 2

Locust, a Batta totem, xi. 223

—— Apollo, viii. 282

—— Hercules, viii. 282

Locusts, sultans expected to drive away, i. 353;
chiefs held responsible for the ravages of, i. 354;
superstitious precautions against, viii. 276, 279, 281

Loeboes (Looboos), a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys
and girls among the, vi. 264.
_See also_ Looboos

Log, the Yule, x. 247 _sqq._

Logan, W., on the custom of attacking the kings of Calicut, iv. 49

Logea, island off New Guinea, taboos observed by manslayers in, iii. 167;
the dead not named in, iii. 354

Logic of the savage, viii. 202

Logierait, parish of, in Perthshire, knots unloosed at marriage in, iii.
299 _sq._;
Beltane festival in, x. 152 _sq._;
Hallowe’en fires in, x. 231 _sq._

Loire, the Lower, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296

Loiret, Lenten fires in the department of, x. 114

Loitering in the doorway forbidden under certain circumstances, i. 114

Loki and Balder, x. 101 _sq._

_Lokoala_, initiation by spirits among the Indians of North-Western
America, ix. 376

Lokoiya, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among, i. 345

Lokoja on the Niger, external human souls in crocodiles and hippopotamuses
near, xi. 209

Lolos, of Western China, their recall of the soul in sickness, iii. 43;
divine by shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4;
their belief as to the stars, iv. 65 _sq._

Lombardy, oak forests of, in antiquity, ii. 354;
the Day of the Old Wives in, iv. 241;
belief as to the “oil of St. John” on St. John’s Morning in, xi. 82
_sq._

Lombok, East Indian island, the rice personified as husband and wife in,
vii. 201 _sqq._

London, the immortal girl of, x. 99;
Midsummer fires in, x. 196 _sq._

Long Man, a river-god, i. 144

“—— -haired mother,” title of the Goddess of Maize in Mexico, i. 136

—— -headed men chosen kings, ii. 297

Longevity, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 158, 169

“Longevity garments,” in China, i. 169

Longforgan, parish of, in Perthshire, the Maiden Feast at harvest in, vii.
156 _sq._

Longnor, near Leebotwood, in Shropshire, the Mare at harvest at, vii. 294

Longridge Fell, _leeting_ the witches at Hallowe’en at, x. 245

Lons-le-Saulnier, in the Jura, last sheaf called the Bitch at, vii. 272

Looboos (Loeboes) of Sumatra creep through a cleft rattan to escape a
demon, xi. 182 _sq._
_See also_ Loeboes

Look back, not to, in ritual, iii. 157

Looking at bonfires through mugwort a protection against headache and sore
eyes, xi. 59

Loom, not to be touched by a man, iii. 164

Loon, the cry of the, associated with rain, i. 288

Loop in ceremony to detain the sun, i. 317

Loowoo, a kingdom in Celebes, regalia of, i. 364;
superstitious belief as to the king of, i. 399

_Loranthus europaeus_, a species of mistletoe, xi. 315, 317 _sqq._;
called “oak mistletoe” (_visco quercino_) in Italy, xi. 317

—— _vestitus_, in India, xi. 317

Lord of the Diamond, prayed to at cairns in Laos, ix. 29

“—— of the Heavenly Hosts,” a temporary king in Siam, iv. 149, 150, 155,
156

—— and Lady of the May, ii. 62, 90 _sq._

—— of Misrule, ix. 251, 312;
at Bodmin, ii. 319 _n._ 1;
in England, ix. 331 _sqq._

—— of the Rice, in Siam, iv. 150 _n._

—— of the Wells at Midsummer in Fulda, xi. 28

—— of the Wood among the Gayos of Sumatra, offerings to the, ii. 36, 125

Lorne, the Beltane cake in, x. 149

Lorraine, “killing the dog of the harvest” in, vii. 273;
King and Queen of the Bean in, ix. 315;
Midsummer fires in, x. 169; the Yule log in, x. 253;
Midsummer customs in, xi. 47.
_See also_ Lothringen

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, v. 227 _n._

Losengrad, the district of, in Thrace, masquerade at Carnival in, viii.
332

Loss of the shadow regarded as ominous, iii. 88

Lostwithiel in Cornwall, temporary king at, iv. 153 _sq._

Lot, the Fox at threshing in, vii. 297

Loth, J., on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 _n._ 3

Lothringen (Lorraine), “Killing the Old Woman” at threshing in, vii. 223;
the harvest Dog in, vii. 273;
the harvest Bull in, vii. 288.
_See also_ Lorraine

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, vi. 248;
cast at Purim, ix. 361 _sq._

Lottin, the island of, ix. 109

Lotus-tree, shorn tresses of Vestal virgins hung on a, iii. 275

Loucheux, the, of North-West America, the power of medicine-men among, i.
356;
and Hare-skin Indians forbidden to eat the sinew of the leg of animals,
viii. 265

Loudoun, in Ayrshire, fires on St. Peter’s Day in the parish of, x. 207

Louhans, in Sâone-et-Loire, the Fox at harvest at, vii. 296 _sq._

Louis XIV. as King of the Bean, ix. 313;
at Midsummer bonfire in Paris, xi. 39

Louisiade Islands sacred trees in the, ii. 17

Louisiana, festival of new corn in, viii. 77 _sqq._

——, the Indians of, kept bones of beavers and otters from dogs, viii. 239;
lamented the death of the buffaloes which they were about to kill, viii.
242

Lous, a month of the Syro-Macedonian calendar, iv. 113, 116, vii. 258,
259, ix. 355, 358

Love, magical images to procure, i. 77;
cures for, i. 161, ix. 3;
illicit, thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sqq._

Love charm, footprints and marigolds in a, i. 211;
of arrows, x. 14

—— -charms practised on St. George’s Day, ii. 345 _sq._;
by means of hair, iii. 270

“—— Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. 301

Lover’s Leap, a cape in the island of Leucas, human scapegoats at the, ix.
254

Lovers won by knots, iii. 305;
term applied to the Baalim, v. 75 _n._;
leap over the Midsummer bonfires, x. 165, 166, 168, 174

—— of goddesses, their unhappy ends, i. 39 _sq._, vi. 158 _sq._

—— of Semiramis and Ishtar, their sad fate, ix. 371 _sq._

Low, Sir Hugh, on Dyak belief as to souls of dead in trees, ii. 30 _sq._;
on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, v. 295

Low Countries, the Yule log in the, x. 249

Lowell, Percival, his fire-walk, xi. 10 _n._ 1

Loyalty Islands, recall of a lost soul in the, iii. 54

Lua and Saturn, vi. 233

Luang-Sermata Islands, belief as to cauls in the, i. 188

Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, vi.
175 _sq._

Luba, in Busoga, pretended human sacrifice at, iv. 215

_Lubare_, god, in the language of the Baganda, i. 395

Lübeck, church of St. Mary at, immortal lady in the, x. 100

Lucan, on the Druids, i. 2 _n._ 1

——, the Thessalian witch in, iii. 390

Lucerne, Lenten fire-custom in the canton of, x. 118 _sq._;
bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 30

Luchon, in the Pyrenees, serpents burnt alive at the Midsummer festival
in, xi. 38 _sq._, 43

Lucian, on hair offerings, i. 28;
on the procedure of a Syrian witch, iii. 270;
on the names of the Eleusinian priests, iii. 382;
on the death of Peregrinus, iv. 42, v. 181;
on religious prostitution, v. 58;
on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, v. 137 _n._ 2;
on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, v. 209 _sq._;
on the ascension of Adonis, v. 225 _n._ 3;
old scholium on, viii. 17;
as to the rites of Hierapolis, ix. 392;
on the Platonic doctrine of the soul, xi. 221 _n._ 1

Lucina, how she delayed the birth of Hercules, iii. 298 _sq._
_See also_ Juno Lucina

Lucius, E., on the Assumption of the Virgin, i. 15 _n._ 1

Luck, bad, transferred to trees, ix. 54;
leaping over the Midsummer fires for good, x. 171, 189

Luckau, races at harvest-festival near, vii. 76

Luckiness of the right hand, x. 151

Lucky names, men with, chosen by Romans to open enterprises of moment,
iii. 391 _n._ 1

Lucretius, on the origin of fire among men, ii. 257 _n._

Ludhaura, marriage of the _tulasi_ to the _Salagrama_ at, ii. 27

Ludlow in Shropshire, the tug-of-war at, ix. 182

Lug, Celtic god, i. 17 _n._ 2;
legendary Irish hero, iv. 99, 101

Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, vi. 190

Lugg, river, in Radnorshire, ix. 183

Lugnasad, the 1st of August, in Ireland, iv. 101

Lules or Tonocotes of the Gran Chaco, their behaviour in an epidemic, ix.
122 _sq._

Lumholtz, C., on agricultural ceremonies of the Tarahumare Indians of
Mexico, vii. 227 _sq._;
on the transference of fatigue to sticks or stones, ix. 10;
on the dances of the Tarahumares of Mexico, ix. 236 _sqq._;
on Huichol superstition as to the growth of corn, ix. 347 _n._ 3

_Lumi lali_, consecrated rice-field, among the Kayans of Borneo, vii. 93,
108

Lunar calendar corrected by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 314 _sq._,
315 _sq._;
of Mohammedans, x. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._

—— months of Greek calendar, vii. 52 _sq._, 82;
observed by savages, vii. 117, 125

Lunar and solar years, attempts to harmonize, iv. 68 _sq._, vii. 80 _sq._,
ix. 325 _sq._, 339, 341 _sqq._

—— sympathy, the doctrine of, vi. 140 _sqq._

—— year equated to solar year by intercalation, ix. 325, 342 _sq._

Lüneburg, district of, harvest custom in the, vii. 230;
the Harvest-goat at, vii. 283

Lunéville, calf killed at harvest at, vii. 290

Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, vi. 224

Lung-wong, Chinese rain-god, i. 299

Lungs or liver of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to
appear, x. 321 _sq._

Luritcha tribe of Central Australia, their custom of killing and eating
children, iv. 180 _n._ 1;
their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99;
destroy the bones of their enemies to prevent them from coming to life
again, viii. 260

Lusatia (Lausitz), custom of “Carrying out Death” in, iv. 239, 247, 249;
the “Witch-burning” in, ix. 163.
_See also_ Lausitz

Luschan, Professor F. von, on kings of Dahomey and Benin in animal forms,
iv. 85 _n._ 3, 86 _n._ 1;
on images stuck with nails, ix. 70 _n._ 1

Lushais of Assam, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the,
vi. 255 _n._ 1;
their belief in demons, ix. 94;
sick children passed through a coil among the, xi. 185 _sq._

Lussac, in Vienne, death of the Carnival on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 226;
Midsummer fires at, x. 191

Lute-playing, charm for, i. 152

Luther, Martin, burnt in effigy at Midsummer, x. 167, 172 _sq._, xi. 23

Luxemburg, “Burning the Witch” in, xi. 116

Luxor, paintings at, ii. 131, 133;
reliefs in temple at, iii. 28;
temples at, vi. 124

Luzon, in the Philippine Archipelago, the Ilocans of, i. 142, 179, ii. 18,
iii. 44;
Bontoc in, ii. 30, vii. 240;
the Apoyaos of, vii. 241;
rice-fields guarded against wild hogs in, viii. 33;
the Catalangans of, viii. 124;
the Irayas of, viii. 124;
exorcism in, ix. 260

Lyall, Sir Alfred C., on the opposition between religion and magic, i. 224
_n._ 1

Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of mother-kin among the Khasis, vi.
202 _sq._

Lycaeus, Mount, rain-making spring on, i. 309;
rain-charm practised by the priest of Zeus on, ii. 359;
sanctuary of Zeus on, iii. 88;
festival of Zeus on, iv. 70 _n._ 1;
human sacrifices on, iv. 163, ix. 353

Lycaonian plain, v. 123

Lyceum or Place of Wolves at Athens, viii. 283, 284

Lycia, Patara in, ii. 135;
flowers in, v. 187 _n._ 6;
Mount Chimaera in, v. 221;
mother-kin in, vi. 212 _sq._

Lycian language, question of its affinity, vi. 213 _n._ 1

—— men dressed as women in mourning, vi. 264

_Lycium europaeum_, L., ix. 153 _n._ 1

Lycomedes, king of Scyros, Achilles at the court of, ii. 278

Lycopolis, in Egypt, the wolf, the beast-god of, viii. 172

Lycosura, in Arcadia, taboos observed in the sanctuary of the Mistress at,
iii. 227 _n._, 314, viii. 46;
statue of Demeter or Persephone in the sanctuary of the two goddesses
at, viii. 339

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians in Thrace, put to death to restore
fertility to land, i. 366;
torn in pieces by horses, vi. 98, 99, vii. 241;
slew his son Dryas, vii. 24, 25

Lycus, valley of the, at Hierapolis, v. 207

Lydia, female descent of kingship in, ii. 281 _sq._;
prostitution of girls before marriage in, v. 38, 58;
the lion-god of, v. 184;
the Burnt Land of, v. 193 _sq._;
traces of mother kin in, vi. 259;
the burning of kings in, ix. 391

Lydian kings held responsible for the weather and the crops, i. 366, v.
183;
their divinity, v. 182 _sqq._;
traced their descent from Ninus and Hercules, ix. 391

Lydians celebrate a festival of Dionysus in spring, vii. 15

Lydus, Joannes, on Phrygian rites at Rome, v. 266 _n._ 2;
on the expulsion of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 229 _n._ 1

Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, v. 213 _n._ 4;
on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, v. 222 _n._ 1

Lying-in women, widespread fear of, iii. 150 _sqq._;
sacred, iii. 151

Lynxes not called by their proper name, iii. 398

Lyons, the harvest Cat in the neighbourhood of, vii. 280

Lyre as instrument of religious music, v. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._;
the instrument of Apollo, v. 288

Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, vi. 104

_Lythrum salicaria_, purple loosestrife, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 65

Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, v. 39, 265 _n._ 1, ix. 421 _n._ 1

Ma-hlaing, district of Burma, rain-making in, i. 288

Maass, E., on the identification of Donar with Jupiter, iii. 364 _n._ 3

Mablaan, chief of the Bawenda, revered as rain-maker, i. 351

Mabuiag, island in Torres Straits, use of magical images in, i. 59;
rain-making in, i. 262;
charms to raise the wind in, i. 323 _sq._;
the fire-drill in, ii. 209;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147, x. 36 _sq._;
continence observed during turtle-season and before hunting dugong in,
iii. 192;
bull-roarers thought to promote the growth of garden produce in, vii.
106;
the Sam or Cassowary totem in, viii. 207;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 78 _sq._;
girls at puberty in, x. 92 _n._ 1;
belief as to a species of mistletoe in, xi. 79

Macahity, an annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117

Macalister, Mrs. Alexander, on the harvest Maiden in Perthshire, vii. 157
_n._ 3

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, v. 109
_n._ 1

Macassar in Celebes, words tabooed to sailors in, iii. 413;
magical unguent in, x. 14

Macassars of Celebes, their belief as to the blighting effect of the blood
of incestuous persons, ii. 110;
their custom of swinging, iv. 277;
ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183

Maccabees, the Second Book of, its date, ix. 360

M’Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashantees to make them brave, viii.
149

McClintock, Walter, on a legend of the Blackfoot Indians concerning the
Pleiades, vii. 311

MacCorquodale, John, on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in Glencoe, vii.
165;
on the harvest _Cailleach_ at Crianlarich, vii. 166

MacCrauford, the great arch witch, x. 293

MacCulloch, J. A., on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 _n._

Macdonald, Rev. James, on magic to catch fish in the Highlands, i. 110;
on Bride’s bed in the Highlands, ii. 94 _n._ 2;
on the fire-drill in South-East Africa, ii. 210 _sq._;
on a custom of infanticide in South Africa, iv. 183 _n._ 2;
on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176;
on the correction of the Caffre lunar calendar by observation of the
Pleiades, vii. 315 _sq._;
on the Pondo festival of new fruits, viii. 66 _sq._;
on the expulsion of demons in some South African tribes, ix. 111 _n._ 1;
on the story of Headless Hugh, xi. 131 _n._ 1;
on external soul in South Africa, xi. 156

Macdonald, King of the Isles, i. 160, 161

Macdonalds, the, supposed to heal a certain disease by their touch, i. 370
_n._ 3

Macdonell, Professor A. A., on Agni, xi. 296

Macdonell, Lady Agnes, on the custom of horn-blowing at Penzance on May
Day, ix. 164 _n._ 1

McDougall, W., and C. Hose, on creeping through a cleft stick after a
funeral, among the Kayans of Borneo, xi. 176 _n._ 1
_See also_ Hose, Dr. Charles

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, vi. 154

Maceboard, the, a procession of Summer in the Isle of Man, iv. 258

Macedonia, custom as to children’s cast teeth in, i. 180 _sq._;
rain-making among the Greeks of, i. 272 _sq._, 274;
wooden effigies of swallows carried about the streets on the 1st of
March in, viii. 322 _n._;
demons and ghosts hammered into walls in, ix. 63 _n._ 4;
Midsummer fires among the Greeks of, x. 212;
bonfires on August 1st in, x. 220;
need-fire among the Serbs of Western, x. 281;
St. John’s flower at Midsummer in, xi. 50

Macedonian calendar, vii. 258 _sq._

—— farmers, their homoeopathic magic at digging their fields, i. 139

—— peasantry burn effigies of Judas at Easter, x. 131

—— superstitions as to the Twelve Days, ix. 320

Macedonians preserve their nail-parings for the resurrection, iii. 280

Macfarlane, Mr., of Faslane, as to the last corn at harvest, vii. 158 _n._
2

McGregor, A. W., on the rite of new birth among the Akikuyu, xi. 263

MacGregor, Sir William, on the political power of magicians in British New
Guinea, i. 337;
and the Alake of Abeokuta, iv. 203 _n._ 2

Macha, Queen, Irish fair said to have been instituted in her honour, iv.
100

Machindranath temple at Lhasa, ix. 219

MacIntyre, Duncan, on the harvest _Cailleach_, vii. 166

Mack, a usurper in Tonquin, iii. 19

Mackay, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 294 _sq._

Mackays, sept of the “descendants of the seal,” xi. 131 _sq._

Mackenzie, Sheriff-Substitute David J., on Up-helly-a’ at Lerwick, ix. 169
_n._ 2, x. 268 _n._ 1

Mackenzie, E., on need-fire, x. 288

Maclagan, Dr. R. C., on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in the Highlands
of Scotland, vii. 165 _sq._

Maclay coast of Northern New Guinea, ii. 254, iii. 109

McLennan, J. F., on _deega_ and _beena_ marriage, ii. 271 _n._ 1;
on the bride-race, ii. 301 _n._ 4;
on custom of chiefs marrying their sisters, iv. 194 _n._ 1;
on brother and sister marriages, v. 44 _n._ 2, vi. 216 _n._ 1

“Macleod’s Fairy Banner,” i. 368

Macphail, John, on need-fire, x. 293 _sq._

Macpherson, Major S. C., on human sacrifices among the Khonds, vii. 250

Macrobius, on Janus, ii. 385 _n._ 2;
on the mourning Aphrodite, v. 30;
on the Egyptian year, vi. 28 _n._ 3;
on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 121;
his solar theory of the gods, vi. 121, 128;
on the influence of the moon, vi. 132;
on institution of the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _n._ 1

McTaggart, Dr. J. McT. Ellis, on transmigration, viii. 309 _n._ 1

Macusis of British Guiana, their belief in dreams, iii. 36 _sq._;
custom observed by parents after childbirth among the, iii. 159 _n._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 60

Madagascar, kings of, as high-priests, i. 47 _sq._;
foods tabooed in, i. 117 _sq._;
custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, i. 131;
magical use of stones in, i. 160;
modes of counteracting evil omens in, i. 173 _sq._;
chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature in, i.
354;
the Antaimorona of, i. 354;
the Antimores of, i. 354;
the Betsileo of, i. 397, iii. 246, viii. 116, 289;
the Hovas of, i. 397, viii. 116;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i.
401 _n._ 3;
custom of passing newborn children through the fire in, ii. 232 _n._ 3;
recall of lost souls in, iii. 54;
mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;
the Mahafaly country in, iii. 103;
the Zafimanelo of, iii. 116;
the Antambahoaka of, iii. 216;
the Antandroy of, iii. 227;
the Tanala of, iii. 227, vii. 9, viii. 290;
blood of nobles not to be shed in, iii. 243;
taboo on mentioning personal names in, iii. 327;
the Sakalavas of, iii. 327, iv. 202, viii. 40 _n._;
natives of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
names of chiefs and kings tabooed in, iii. 378 _sqq._;
tabooed words in, iii. 401;
belief as to the transmigration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84;
vicarious sacrifice for a king in, vi. 221;
men dressed as women in, vi. 254;
first-fruits offered to kings in, viii. 116;
mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in, viii. 163;
crocodiles respected in, viii. 214 _sq._;
belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 289
_sq._;
the Antankarana of, viii. 290;
the Sihanaka of, ix. 2 _sq._;
stones or clods thrown on solitary graves in, ix. 19;
transference of evils in, ix. 33 _sq._
_See also_ Malagasy

Madangs of Borneo, custom observed by them after a funeral, xi. 175 _sq._

Madder-harvest, Dutch custom at, vii. 231, 235 _sq._

Madenassana Bushmen, their reluctance to look on their sacred animal the
goat, viii. 28 _sq._

Madern, parish of, Cornwall, holed stone in, xi. 187

Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa bury their nail-parings, iii. 277;
their sacrament of a lamb, viii. 314 _sq._;
their annual sacrifice of a lamb, ix. 217

Madium district in Java, deceiving the spirit of a plant in the, ii. 23

Madness of Orestes, cured by sitting on a stone, i. 161.
_See also_ Insanity

Madonie Mountains, in Sicily, Midsummer fires on the, x. 210

Madonna, effigies of, sold and eaten, viii. 94

—— and Isis, their resemblance, vi. 119

Madras, ceremonies after the killing of a cobra in, iii. 222 _sq._

Madras Presidency, the fire-walk in the, xi. 6

Madura, island off Java, inspired mediums in, i. 384;
the Kappiliyans of, x. 69;
the Parivarams of, x. 69

Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162;
the valley of, subject to earthquakes, v. 194;
sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of, v. 205, 206;
Lityerses thrown by Hercules into, vii. 217

Maera, the dog of Icarus, iv. 281

Maeseyck, in Belgium, processions with torches on first Sunday in Lent at,
x. 107 _sq._

Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, v. 200

Magarsus in Cilicia, v. 169 _n._ 3

Magdalen College, Oxford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Magdeburg, the Flax-mother near, vii. 133;
the last sheaf called Grandmother near, vii. 136;
reaper who cut the last corn wrapt in corn-stalls near, vii. 221

Maggots eaten at an initiatory rite, viii. 141

Maghs of Bengal, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38

Magian priests, ii. 241 _n._ 4

Magic, principles of, i. 52 _sqq._;
based on misapplications of the association of ideas, i. 53 _sq._, 221
_sq._;
in ancient India, i. 63 _sq._, 228 _sq._, ix. 91;
in modern India, i. 64 _sq._;
in ancient Egypt, i. 66, 67 _sq._, 225, 230 _sq._;
in ancient Babylonia, i. 66 _sq._;
positive and negative, i. 111 _sq._, 117;
blent with the worship of the dead, i. 164;
physical basis of, i. 174 _sq._;
public and private, i. 214 _sq._, 245;
benefits conferred by, i. 218 _sq._;
has paved the way for science, i. 219;
attraction of, i. 221;
fatal flaw of, i. 221 _sq._;
opposed in principle to religion, i. 224;
older than religion, i. 233 _sqq._;
universality of belief in, i. 234-236;
transition from magic to religion, i. 237 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sq._;
the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 _sq._;
combined with religion, i. 347;
the fallacy of, gradually detected, i. 372;
declines with the growth of religion, i. 374;
strangers suspected of practising, iii. 102;
wrought by means of refuse of food, iii. 126 _sqq._;
wrought through clippings of hair, iii. 268 _sqq._, 275, 277, 278 _sq._;
wrought on a man through his name, iii. 318, 320 _sqq._;
degenerates into games, vii. 110 _n._;
dwindles into divination, vii. 110 _n._, x. 336;
of a flesh diet, vii. 138 _sqq._;
the belief in, persists under the higher religions, ix. 89 _sq._;
movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304
_sq._

——, the Age of, i. 235, 237, iv. 2

——, contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214, iii. 246, 268, 272;
based on a mistaken association of ideas, i. 53 _sq._, 174;
of teeth, i. 176-182;
of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), i. 182-201;
of wound and weapon, i. 201 _sqq._;
of footprints, i. 207-212;
of other impressions, i. 213 _sq._

—— and ghosts, mugwort a protection against, xi. 59

——, homoeopathic or imitative, i. 52 _sqq._, iii. 151, 152, 207, 295, 298,
iv. 283, 285, vii. 10, 62, 262, 267, 331, 333, 334, viii. 272,
ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 49, 133, 329, xi. 231, 287;
based on a mistaken association of ideas, i. 53;
in medicine, i. 78 _sqq._;
for the supply of food, i. 85 _sqq._;
in fishing and hunting, i. 108 _sqq._;
to make plants grow, i. 136 _sqq._;
of the dead, i. 147 _sqq._;
of animals, i. 150 _sqq._;
of inanimate things, i. 157 _sqq._;
of iron, i. 159 _sq._;
of stones, i. 160 _sqq._;
of the heavenly bodies, i. 165 _sq._;
of the tides, i. 166 _sqq._;
to annul evil omens, i. 170-174;
for the making of rain, i. 247 _sqq._

Magic, negative, equivalent to taboo, i. 111 _sqq._;
examples of, i. 143

—— and religion, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, 352, ii. 376 _sq._;
confused together, i. 226 _sqq._;
their historical antagonism comparatively late, i. 226;
Hegel on, i. 423 _sqq._;
combination of, v. 4

—— and science, their analogy, i. 220 _sq._;
different views of natural order postulated by the two, xi. 305 _sq._

—— sympathetic, i. 51 _sqq._, iii. 126, 130, 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287,
iv. 77, vii. 1, 11, 102, 139, viii. 33, 271, 311 _sq._, ix.
399;
the two branches of, Homoeopathic and Contagious, i. 54;
examples of, i. 55 _sqq._

—— and witchcraft, permanence of the belief in, ix. 89.
_See also_ Sorcery _and_ Witchcraft

Magic flowers of Midsummer Eve, xi. 45 _sqq._

Magical bone in sorcery, x. 14

—— ceremonies for the multiplication of totemic animals, plants, etc., in
Central Australia, i. 85 _sqq._;
for the revival of nature in spring, iv. 266 _sqq._;
for the revival of nature in Central Australia, iv. 270;
for the regulation of the seasons, v. 3 _sqq._

—— changes of shape, vii. 305

—— control of the weather, i. 244 _sqq._;
of rain, i. 247 _sqq._;
of the sun, i. 311 _sqq._;
of the wind, i. 319 _sqq._

—— dramas to promote vegetation, ii. 120, vii. 187 _sq._;
for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 _sq._

—— implements not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14 _sq._

—— influence of medicine-bag, xi. 268

—— origin of certain religious dramas, ii. 142 _sq._, v. 4, vii. 187
_sq._, ix. 373 _sq._

—— significance of games in primitive agriculture, vii. 92 _sqq._

—— type of man-god, i. 244

—— uses made of the bodies of the dead, vi. 100 _sqq._

Magical virtues of plants at Midsummer apparently derived from the sun,
xi. 71 _sq._

Magician, public, his rise to power, i. 215 _sqq._

—— and priest, their antagonism, i. 226

Magician’s apprentice, Danish story of the, xi. 121 _sqq._

—— Glass, the, x. 16

—— progress, the, i. 214 _sqq._, 335 _sqq._

Magicians claim to compel the gods, i. 225;
gods viewed as, i. 240 _sqq._;
importance of rise of professional magicians, i. 245 _sqq._;
as kings, i. 332 _sqq._;
political power of, i. 335 _sqq._;
develop into gods and kings, i. 375;
the oldest professional class in the evolution of society, i. 420;
develop into kings, i. 420 _sq._;
make evil use of spilt blood, iii. 246.
_See also_ Magic, Medicine-men, Shamans, _and_ Sorcerers

——, Egyptian, their power of compelling the deities, i. 225, iii. 389
_sq._

Magnesia on the Maeander, sacred cave near, i. 386;
device on coins of, i. 386 _n._ 2;
worship of Zeus at, vi. 238;
image of Dionysus in a plane-tree at, vii. 3;
sacrifice of bull at, viii. 7 _sq._;
the month of Cronion in, viii. 7, 8 _n._ 1, ix. 351 _n._ 2

Magnets thought to keep brothers at unity, i. 165

Magondi, a Mashona chief, i. 393 _sq._

Magpies’ nests, custom of robbing the, viii. 321 _n._ 3

Magyar tale, resurrection of hero in a, viii. 263

Magyars, Midsummer fires among the, x. 178 _sq._;
stories of the external soul among the, xi. 139 _sq._

_Maha Makham_, the Great Sacrifice, celebrated every twelfth year at
Calicut, iv. 49

_Mahabharata_, the, Indian epic, the Nagas in, i. 383 _n._ 4;
Draupadi and her five husbands in, ii. 306, xi. 7

Mahadeo, mock human sacrifices offered by the Bhagats to a, iv. 217 _sq._

—— and Parvati, married Indian deities, their images worshipped, v. 242,
251

Mahadeva, Indian god, husband of Parvati, v. 241;
propitiation of, ix. 197

Mahafaly country, in Madagascar, formerly tabooed to strangers, iii. 103

Mahafalys of Madagascar, their chiefs not allowed to sail the sea or cross
rivers, iii. 10

Mahakam Dyaks of Borneo, i. 159

—— River in Borneo, iii. 104, vii. 98, 99 _n._ 1, 186, 187, 314;
the Kayans of the, vii. 314

Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, worship their spiritual chiefs as incarnations
of Krishna, i. 406;
believe that bathing in a sacred well is a remedy for barrenness in
women, ii. 160 _sq._

Mahdi, an ancient, v. 74

Mahratta, dancing-girls in, v. 62

Mahrattas, their belief in human incarnations of the elephant-headed god
Gunputty, i. 405

_Mahua_ tree (_Bassia latifolia_) worshipped by the Mannewars in India,
viii. 119

_Mahwá_-tree, bride tied to, at a Munda marriage, ii. 57

Mai Darat, a Sakai tribe of the Malay Peninsula, their exorcism of demons
by means of effigies, viii. 102

Maia or Majestas, the wife of Vulcan, vi. 232 _sq._

Maiau, hero in form of crocodile, v. 139 _n._ 1

Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, vi. 41;
name given to last corn cut in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 140, 153,
155 _sqq._, 164 _sqq._;
or Corn-maiden, name given to puppet made of rye at end of reaping near
Wolfenbuttel, vii. 150

Maiden Feast at end of harvest in Perthshire, vii. 156

“—— -flax” at Midsummer, xi. 48

Maiden’s Well at Eleusis, vii. 36

Maidenhead, name of last standing corn on the Gareloch, vii. 158

_Maidhdeanbuain_ or _Maighdean-Bhuana_, “the shorn Maiden” at harvest in
the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 155 _sq._, 164, 165

Maidu Indians of California, taboos observed by women and children in
absence of hunters among the, i. 122;
the importance of shamans among the, i. 357 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 42;
their notion as to fire in trees, xi. 295;
their idea of lightning, xi. 298

_Maillotins_ on May Day, in the department of Mayenne, ii. 63

Maimonides, on loading a fruit-tree with stones, i. 140;
on a custom observed at grafting by the heathen of Harran, ii. 100 _n._
2;
on the seclusion of menstruous women, x. 83

Maine, French department, oaks worshipped in, ii. 371

Mairs, in India, their custom of sacrificing their first-born sons to the
small-pox goddess, iv. 181

Maize, Mexican goddesses of, i. 136, vii. 176, ix. 285 _sq._, 286 _n._ 1,
290, 291, 292, 294, 295;
homoeopathic magic to promote the growth of, i. 136, 137;
magical stones for the increase of, i. 162;
continence at sowing, ii. 105;
custom at maize harvest in Transylvania, iv. 254;
time of the maize-harvest in modern Greece, vii. 48;
cultivated in Africa, vii. 114, 115, 119, 130;
cultivated in South America, vii. 122, 124;
cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;
compared to a mother, vii. 130;
American personification of, vii. 171 _sqq._;
personified as an Old Woman who Never Dies, vii. 204 _sq._;
cultivated in Burma, vii. 242;
Mexican goddess of the White, lepers sacrificed to her, vii. 261;
thought to be dependent on the Pleiades, vii. 310;
red, a totem of the Omahas, viii. 25 _sq._;
the Mexican goddess of the Young, ix. 278

Maize-mother, vii. 172 _sqq._

Majhwars, Dravidian race of Mirzapur, their use of iron as a talisman,
iii. 234;
their use of chickens as scapegoats, ix. 36;
their imprisonment of ghosts in trees, ix. 60 _sq._

Makalaka hills, to the west of Matabeleland, i. 394

Makalakas, their human god, i. 394 _sq._;
ceremony at the naming of a child among the, iii. 369 _sq._;
their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 110 _sq._

Makalanga, a Bantu tribe near Sofala, x. 135 _n._ 2

Makanga, African tribe, their belief that the souls of dead chiefs are in
lions, viii. 287 _sq._

Makaram, an Indian month, iv. 49

Makatissas of South Africa, their use of magical dolls, i. 71

Make-Make, a god in Easter Island, viii. 133

Makololo, the, of South Africa, burn or bury their shorn hair for fear of
witchcraft, iii. 281

_Makral_, “the witch,” on first Sunday in Lent, at Grand Halleux, x. 107

Makrizi, Arab historian, on mode of stopping rain, i. 252;
on the custom of throwing a virgin into the Nile, ii. 151 _n._ 2;
on the burning of effigies of Haman at Purim, ix. 393 _sq._

Malabar, use of magical images in, i. 64;
iron as an amulet in, iii. 234;
custom of suicide observed by kings in, iv. 47;
custom of _Thalavettiparothiam_ in, iv. 53;
religious suicide in, iv. 54 _sq._;
use of cows as scapegoats in, ix. 216;
the Iluvans of, x. 5;
the Tiyans of, x. 68

Malacca, the Mentras of, iii. 404

Malagasy, their homoeopathic magic at planting maize, i. 137;
their use of children of living parents in ritual, vi. 247;
venerate crocodiles, viii. 215;
_faditras_ among the, ix. 33 _sq._

Malagasy language, dialectical variations of, caused by taboos on the
names of chiefs and kings, living or dead, iii. 378 _sq._, 380

—— porters, their belief as to a woman stepping over their poles, iii. 424

—— soldiers, foods tabooed to, i. 117 _sq._;
male animals not to be killed in the houses of absent, i. 119

—— whalers, rules observed by, iii. 191.
_See also_ Madagascar

Malanau tribes of Borneo, their use of a special language in searching for
camphor, iii. 406 _sq._;
their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii.
294

Malas, the, of Southern India, their treatment of the placenta, i. 194;
their custom in drought, i. 284 _n._;
their rain-charm by means of frogs, i. 294;
talismans of Mala women at childbirth, iii. 235;
their communionwith a goddess by eating her edible image, viii. 93 _sq._

Malassi, a fetish in West Africa, xi. 256

Malay charms by means of magical images, i. 57 _sq._;
at reaping rice, i. 139 _sq._

—— conception of the soul of rice, vii. 180 _sqq._

—— life, prevalence of magic in, iii. 416 _n._ 4

—— magic, to catch crocodiles, i. 110 _sq._;
tinctured with a belief in spirits, i. 220 _n._ 1

—— maxim at planting maize, i. 136

—— miners, fowlers, and fishermen, special forms of speech employed by,
iii. 407 _sqq._

—— mode of rain-making, i. 262

—— Peninsula, power of medicine-men among the wild tribes of the, i. 360
_sq._;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in the,
i. 401 _n._ 3;
the Djakuns of the, ii. 236;
race for a bride among the indigenous tribes of the, ii. 302 _sq._;
art of abducting human souls in the, iii. 73 _sqq._;
the Besisis of the, iii. 87, ix. 226 _n._ 1;
the Mentras or Mantras of the, vi. 140;
the Rice-mother in the, vii. 197 _sqq._;
the Mai Darat of the, viii. 102;
the Mantras of the, ix. 88

—— region, divinity of kings in, i. 398

—— society, parents named after their children in, iii. 332

—l— story of the absence of the soul in a dream, iii. 38 _n._ 4;
of the transference of souls, iii. 49

—— superstitions in regard to tin, iii. 407

Malayalies of the Shervaray Hills, their euphemism for a tiger, iii. 402

Malayans, devil-dancers in Southern India, practise a mock human
sacrifice, iv. 216

Malayo-Siamese families of the Patani States, their custom as to the
afterbirth, xi. 163 _sq._

Malays, taboos observed by the, in the search for camphor, i. 114 _sq._;
telepathy in war among the, i. 127;
their belief as to the sunset glow, i. 319;
their superstitious veneration for their rajahs, i. 361;
regalia regarded as talismans among the, i. 362;
their ceremony for making the durian-tree bear fruit, ii. 21;
their ways of deceiving the spirits of trees and plants, ii. 22 _sqq._;
their superstition as to _toallong_ trees, ii. 41;
their conception of the soul as a mannikin, iii. 28;
their conception of the soul as a bird, iii. 34 _sqq._;
their custom as to shadows in building a house, iii. 81;
their superstitions as to the head, iii. 254;
taboos on cutting the hair among the, iii. 261;
their belief in the Spectral Huntsman, iv. 178;
their lunar years, vii. 314;
their use of birds as scapegoats, ix. 35;
stratification of religious beliefs among the, ix. 90 _n._ 1;
their story of the external soul, xi. 147 _sq._;
their belief as to sympathetic relation between man and animal, xi. 197;
their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222

—— of Patani Bay, their ways of referring to tigers, iii. 404;
special language used by them in fishing, iii. 408 _sq._;
a family of them related to crocodiles, viii. 212

Maldive Islands, special terms used with reference to persons of the blood
royal in the, i. 401 _n._ 3;
virgin sacrificed as bride to a jinnee of the sea in the, ii. 152
_sqq._;
disposal of cut hair and nails in the, iii. 274

Male and female, the sticks of the fire-drill regarded by savages as, ii.
208 _sqq._, 218, 218 _n._ 1, 223, 224, 226, 238, 249 _sq._;
souls in Chinese philosophy, xi. 221

Male animals not to be killed in houses of absent Malagasy soldiers, i.
119

—— organ, effigy of, in rites of Dionysus, vii. 12;
effigy of, in Thracian ceremony, vii. 26, 29

Malecki (Maeletius, Menecius), J., on the heathen religion of the
Lithuanians, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Malekootoos, a Bechuana tribe. _See_ Baperis

Malemut Esquimaux unwilling to tell their names, iii. 328

Malepa, Bantu tribe of the Transvaal, will not taste blood, iii. 241

Maletsunyane, river in Basutoland, ii. 157

Malikolo, in the New Hebrides, heads of infants moulded artificially in,
ii. 298 _n._ 2

Malkin Tower, witches at the, x. 245

Malko-Tirnovsko, in the district of Adrianople, masquerade at Carnival at,
viii. 331

Mallans of India, their use of a scapegoat in time of cholera, ix. 190

Mallows, riddles asked by old men seated on, after a burial, ix. 122 _n._

Mallus in Cilicia, deities on coins of, v. 165 _sq._

Malmyz district of Russia, the Wotyaks of, ii. 145, ix. 156

Malo, one of the New Hebrides, title to nobility in, founded on sacrifice
of pigs to ancestors, i. 339

Malta, death of the Carnival in, iv. 224 _sq._;
bilingual inscription of, v. 16;
Phoenician temples of, v. 35;
fires on St. John’s Eve in, x. 210 _sq._

Maluango, the king of Loango, ii. 322

_Malurus cyaneus_, superb warbler, women’s “sister,” among the Kurnai, xi.
216

Malwa, in Western India, iv. 122

Mamilian tower at Rome, viii. 42, 44

Mamre, sacred oak or terebinth at, v. 37 _n._ 2

Mamurius Veturius, annual expulsion of, in ancient Rome, ix. 229 _sqq._,
252, 257

Man, E. H., on the ignorance of the Andaman Islanders of the art of making
fire, ii. 253;
on the first fire of the Andaman Islanders, ii. 256 _n._ 2

Man and animal, sympathetic relation between, xi. 272 _sq._

——, the Isle of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326;
precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 53 _sq._;
hunting the wren in, viii. 318 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 201, 337;
old New Year’s Day in, x. 224 _sq._;
Hallowe’en customs in, x. 243 _sq._;
bonfires on St. Thomas’s Day in, x. 266;
cattle burnt alive to stop a murrain in, x. 325 _sqq._;
mugwort gathered on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 59.
_See also_ Isle of Man

“Man, the True,” official title of the head of Taoism in China, i. 413

Man-god, the two types of, i. 244 _sq._;
notion of a man-god belongs to early period of religious history, i. 374
_sq._;
contagious magical virtue of the, iii. 132;
necessity for the isolation of the, iii. 132;
reason for killing the, iv. 9 _sq._;
in China, ix. 117 _sq._

_Mana_, supernatural or magical power in Melanesia, i. 111 _n._ 2, 227,
228 _n._ 1, 339

Manahiki, South Pacific, women after childbirth not allowed to handle food
in, iii. 147;
rejoicings at the appearance of the Pleiades in, vii. 312 _sq._

Manasseh, King of Judah, his sacrifice of his children, iv. 170

Manchu dynasty, the life-tree of the, xi. 167 _sq._

Mandai river, the Dyaks of the, ii. 40

Mandalay, human sacrifices at gateways of, iii. 90;
kings of Burma screened from public gaze at, iii. 125 _sq._;
the ceremony of head-washing at, iii. 253

Mandan Indians, afraid of having their portraits taken, iii. 97;
their belief as to the stars, iv. 67 _sq._;
their personification of maize as an Old Woman, vii. 204 _sq._;
their annual expulsion of the devil, ix. 171

Mandarins, deceased, deification of, i. 415

Mandeling, a district of Sumatra, treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 192
_sq._;
the King of the Rice in, vii. 197;
respect for tigers in, viii. 216

Mandelings of Sumatra, their excuses to tree-spirits for cutting down
trees, ii. 36;
open boxes, pans, etc., to help childbirth, iii. 296

Mandingoes of Senegambia, their attention to the phases of the moon, vi.
141

—— of Sierra Leone, kingship an honour desired by few among the, iii. 18

Mandragora called “the hand of glory” in France, xi. 316

Manegres of the Amoor, concealment of personal names among the, iii. 323

Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, vi. 45, 46, vii. 215, 258, 259, 261,
263, 264

Manes, first king of Lydia, v. 186 _n._ 5

Manetho, on the Egyptian burnt-sacrifice of red-haired men, vi. 97;
on Isis as the discoverer of corn, vi. 116;
on Osiris and Isis as the sun and moon, vi. 120;
on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 _n._ 3

Mang-bettou.
_See_ Monbuttu

—— -Shen, Chinese god of agriculture, viii. 11, 12

—— Than, the Warder of the Ox, in Annam, viii. 13 _sq._

Mangaia, Pacific island, priests inspired by gods in, i. 378;
separation of religious and civil authority in, iii. 20

Mangaians, their story of a man whose strength varied with the length of
his shadow, iii. 87;
their preference for a violent death, iv. 10

Mang’anje woman, her external soul in an ivory ornament, xi. 156

Manggarais, the, of Flores, forbidden to utter their own names, iii. 324

Mango married to a tamarind or a jasmine in India, ii. 25

Mango crop, feast of the new, viii. 119

—— -tree, bridegroom tied to, at a Munda marriage, ii. 57;
worshipped by the Nahals, viii. 119;
festival of wild, x. 7 _sqq._;
ceremony for the fertilization of the, x. 10

Mani of Chitombe or Jumba, potentate in West Africa, his hair, teeth, and
nails kept after death as a rain-charm, iii. 271

_Mania_, an ancient Roman bogey, i. 22;
the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts, viii. 94, 96

_Maniae_, a kind of loaf, viii. 94

Manichaeans, their theory of earthquakes, v. 197

Manichaeus, the heretic, his death, v. 294 _n._ 3

Manii, many, at Aricia, a proverb, i. 22, viii. 94 _sqq._

Manioc or cassava cultivated in Africa, vii. 119;
cultivated in South America, vii. 120 _sq._, 122

Manipur, rain-making in, i. 252, 283 _sq._;
the Chirus of, i. 289;
rain-making by means of a stone in, i. 304 _sq._;
the Tangkhuls of, ii. 100;
the Kabuis of, ii. 106;
the hill tribes of, diet of religious chiefs among, iii. 292;
the Murrams of, iii. 292;
the Naga tribes of, iii. 292, iv. 11, vi. 57 _sq._;
mode of counting the years in, iv. 117 _n._ 1;
rajahs of, descended from a snake, iv. 133;
the Rajah of, his sins transferred to a substitute, ix. 39;
annual eponyms in, ix. 39 _sq._

_Manitoo_, personal totem, xi. 273 _n._ 1

Manius Egerius, said to have founded the sacred grove at Aricia, i. 22,
viii. 95

Manna, ceremony for the magical multiplication of, i. 88 _sq._

Mannewars, the, a forest tribe of the Central Provinces in India, their
worship of the _Bassia latifolia_, viii. 119