Chapter XXXVII: Part 37

Tatia, wife of Numa, ii. 270 _n._ 5

Tatius, king of Rome, succeeded by his son-in-law Numa, ii. 270 and _nn._
1, 5;
the Sabine colleague of Romulus, killed with sacrificial knives, ii. 320

Tattoo-marks, tribal, in Dahomey, v. 74 _n._ 4;
of priests in Dahomey, v. 74 _n._ 4;
of priests of Attis, v. 278;
on slave or prisoner of war, ix. 47

Tattooing in the Punjaub, belief as to, iii. 30;
of bride in Fiji, x. 34 _n._ 1;
medicinal use of, x. 98 _n._ 1;
at initiation, xi. 258, 259, 261 _n._

Tauaré Indians, of the Rio Enivra, eat the ashes of their dead, viii. 157

Taui Islanders, their custom as to a falling star, iv. 61

Taungthu, the, of Upper Burma, their way of securing the soul of the rice,
vii. 190

Taunton, expedients for facilitating death at, iii. 309

_Taupes et Mulots_, fire ceremony on Eve of Twelfth Night in the Bocage of
Normandy, ix. 317

_Taura_, priest, in Southern Pacific, i. 377, 378

Taurians of the Crimea, their use of the heads of prisoners, v. 294

Tauric Diana, her image brought by Orestes to Italy in a faggot of sticks,
i. 10 _sq._;
her image only to be appeased with human blood, i. 24

_Taurobolium_, sacrifice of a bull in the rites of Cybele, v. 274 _sqq._;
or _Tauropolium_, v. 275 _n._ 1

Taurus, Mount, the Yourouks of, ii. 43

Taurus mountains, pass of the Cilician Gates in the, v. 120

Tavernier, J. B., on the annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 148
_n._ 1

Taxation perhaps derived from offerings of first-fruits, viii. 116

Tay, Loch, Hallowe’en fires on, x. 232

Taygetus, Mount, sacrifices to the sun on, i. 315 _sq._

Taylor, Isaac, on the relation of the Italian and Celtic languages, ii.
189 _n._ 3

Taylor, Rev. J. C., on the annual expulsion of evils at Onitsha, ix. 133;
on human scapegoat at Onitsha, ix. 211

Taylor, Rev. Richard, on human scapegoats in New Zealand, ix. 39;
on the Maori gods, ix. 81

Tcheou dynasty of China, change of calendar under the, x. 137

Tchiglit Esquimaux, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65

Teak, _Loranthus_ on, xi. 317

Teanlas, Hallowe’en fires in Lancashire, x. 245

Tears of Isis thought to swell the Nile, vi. 33;
rain thought to be the tears of gods, vi. 33;
of human victim signs of rain, vii. 248, 250;
of oxen as rain-charm, viii. 10

Teasing animals before killing them, viii. 190

Tebach, bear-festival of the Gilyaks at, viii. 191 _sqq._

_Teberans_, spirits, among the Melanesians of New Britain, i. 340

Teeth, ceremony of knocking out teeth at initiation among the tribes of
Australia, i. 97 _sqq._;
extraction of teeth in connexion with rain, i. 98 _sq._;
tribute of, i. 101;
homoeopathic magic of, i. 137;
homoeopathic charms to strengthen, i. 153, 157;
contagious magic of, i. 176-182;
of rats and mice in magic, i. 178 _sqq._;
of foxes and kangaroos in sympathetic magic, i. 180;
of ancestor in magical ceremony, i. 312;
loss of, supposed effect of breaking a taboo, iii. 140;
loosened by angry ghosts, iii. 186 _n._ 1;
as a rain-charm, iii. 271;
extracted, kept against the resurrection, iii. 280;
children whose upper teeth appear before the lower exposed, iii. 287
_n._;
filed as preliminary to marriage, x. 68 _n._ 2
_See also_ Tooth

Teeth and nails of sacred kings preserved as amulets, ii. 6

Teething, charms to help, i. 180

Tegea, tombstones at, v. 87;
Demeter and Persephone worshipped at, vii. 63 _n._ 14

Tegner, Swedish poet, on the burning of Balder, xi. 87

_Tein Econuch_, “forlorn fire,” need-fire, x. 292

_Tein-eigin_ (_teine-eigin_, _tin-egin_), need-fire, in the Highlands of
Scotland, x. 147, 148, 289, 291, 293

_Teine Bheuil_, fire of Beul, need-fire, in the Highlands of Scotland, x.
293

Telamon, son of Aeacus, king of Salamis, ii. 278, v. 145

Telchines, the, of Rhodes, legendary magicians, i. 310

Telepathy, magical, i. 119 _sqq._;
in hunting and fishing, i. 120 _sqq._;
in voyages, i. 126;
in war, i. 126 _sqq._

Telephus at Pergamus, rule as to persons who had sacrificed to, viii. 85

Telingana, euphemistic name for snake in, iii. 402

Tell Ta’annek (Taanach), in Palestine, burial of children in jars at, v.
109 _n._ 1

Tell-el-Amarna, the new capital of King Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1,
124, 125;
tablets, iv. 170 _n._ 5;
letters, v. 16 _n._ 5, 21 _n._ 2, 135 _n._

Tellemarken in Norway, cairns to which passers-by add stones in, ix. 14

Teltown, in County Meath, the fair at, iv. 99

Telugu remedy for a fever, ix. 38

Telugus, their way of stopping rain, i. 253;
their precaution as to spittle, iii. 289

Tembadere, rain-maker at, ii. 3

Tempe, the Vale of, Apollo purged of the dragon’s blood in, iv. 81, vi.
240

Temple, Sir R. C., on the fear of spirits and ghosts among the Nicobarese,
ix. 88

Temple at Jerusalem built without iron, iii. 230

Temple, the Inner and the Middle, Lords of Misrule in the, ix. 333

Temple church, Lord of Misrule in the, ix. 333

Temple-tombs of kings, vi. 161 _sq._, 167 _sq._, 170 _sqq._, 174, 194
_sq._

Temples built in honour of living kings of Babylon, i. 417;
built in honour of living kings of Egypt, i. 418;
of dead kings in Africa, vi. 161 _sq._, 167 _sq._, 170 _sqq._, 194
_sq._;
dedicated to sharks, viii. 292

Temporary king, ix. 403 _sq._;
in Cambodia, iv. 148;
in Siam, iv. 149 _sqq._, ix. 151

—— kings, taking the place of the real kings for a time, iv. 148 _sqq._;
their divine or magical functions, iv. 155 _sqq._

—— reincarnation of the dead in their living namesakes, iii. 371

Ten Thousand, the march of the, iii. 124

Tench, jaundice transferred to a, ix. 52

_Tendi_, Batta word for soul, iii. 45, 263.
_See also_ Tondi

Tendo, lagoon of, on the Ivory Coast, souls of dead in bats on the, viii.
287

Tenedos, sacrifice of infants to Melicertes in, iv. 162;
human beings torn in pieces at the rites of Dionysus in, vii. 24;
calf shod in buskins sacrificed to Dionysus in, vii. 33

Teneriffe, the Guanches of, i. 303

Tengaroeng in Borneo, swinging of priests and priestesses as a mode of
inspiration at, iv. 280, 281

Tenggerese of Java, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv.
130 _n._ 1;
sacrifice to volcano, v. 220;
their sham fight at New Year, ix. 184

Tenimber Islands, treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 186;
first-fruits offered to spirits of ancestors in the, viii. 123

—— and Timor-laut Islands, new-born children passed through the smoke of
fire in the, ii. 232 _n._ 3

Tenos, the calendar of, viii. 6 _n._

Tent of widow burnt at Midsummer in Morocco, x. 215

Tentyra (Denderah), temple of Osiris at, vi. 86

Teos, public curses in, i. 45 _n._ 7

Tepehuanes of Mexico afraid of being photographed, iii. 97;
personal names kept secret among the, iii. 325;
their belief as to stepping over persons, iii. 424;
their custom of adding sticks or stones to heaps, ix. 10

_Tephrosia_, devil’s shoestring, in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Termonde in Belgium, Midsummer fires at, x. 194

Terms of relationship used as terms of address, iii. 324 _sq._

Ternate, in the Indian Archipelago, ii. 111;
the natives of, names of objects tabooed to them at sea, iii. 414;
the sultan of, his sacrifice of human victims to a volcano, v. 220

Tertullian on Christians worshipping each other, i. 407;
on the Etruscan crown, ii. 175 _n._ 1;
human sacrifices in the lifetime of, iv. 168;
on the fasts of Isis and Cybele, v. 302 _n._ 4;
on the date of the Crucifixion, v. 306 _n._ 5

Teshu Lama, the, ix. 203

—— Lumbo in Tibet, celebration of Tibetan New Year’s Day at, ix. 203

Teshub or Teshup, name of Hittite god, v. 135 _n._, 148 _n._

Teso, the, of Central Africa, medicine-men dressed as women among the, vi.
257;
their use of bells to exorcize fiends, ix. 246 _sq._

Tessier, on the burning wheel at Konz, x. 164 _n._ 1

Test of the reincarnation of the Heavenly Master, i. 413;
of virginity by a flame, ii. 239 _sq._, x. 139 _n._
_See also_ Tests

Testicles of rams in the rites of Attis, v. 269 _n._;
of bull used in rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 276;
of goats eaten by lecherous persons, viii. 142;
of brave enemy eaten, viii. 148

Tests of the reincarnation of Grand Lamas, i. 411;
of the reincarnation of the dead in the Niger Delta, i. 411 _n._ 1;
undergone by girls at puberty, x. 25.
_See also_ Test

Têt, New Year festival in Annam, vi. 62

_Tet_ pillar. _See_ _Ded_ pillar

Teti, king of Egypt, mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, vi. 5

Teton Indians, their attempt to deceive the ghosts of the spiders which
they kill, viii. 236 _sq._

Tettnang, in Würtemburg, the He-goat at threshing at, vii. 286

Tetzcatlipoca or Tezcatlipoca, great Mexican god, viii. 165, ix. 276;
man killed and eaten as the representative of, viii. 92 _sq._;
young man annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 276 _sqq._

Teucer, son of Aeacus, king in Cyprus, ii. 278

—— and Ajax, names of priestly kings of Olba, v. 144 _sq._, 148, 161

——, son of Tarkuaris, priestly king of Olba, v. 151, 157

——, son of Telamon, ii. 278;
founds Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145;
said to have instituted human sacrifice, v. 146

——, son of Zenophanes, high priest of Olbian Zeus, v. 151

Teucrids, dynasty at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145

Teutates, Celtic god, xi. 80 _n._ 3

Teutonic kings as priests, i. 47

—— peoples, bride race among the, ii. 303 _sqq._

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 116 _sqq._

—— thunder-god, ii. 364

—— year reckoned from October 1st, vi. 81

Texas, the Tonkawe Indians of, iii. 325;
the Toukaway Indians of, xi. 276

Tezcatlipoca. _See_ Tetzcatlipoca

Tezcuco, statue of the god Xipe from, ix. 291 _n._ 1

_Thahu_, curse or pollution, among the Akikuyu, x. 81

Thakombau, Fijian chief, the War King, iii. 21;
family who enjoyed the privilege of scratching him, iii. 131

_Thalavettiparothiam_, custom observed in Malabar, a competition for the
privilege of being decapitated after a five years’ reign, iv.
52 _sq._

Thales on spirits, ix. 104

Thamus, an Egyptian pilot, and the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6 _sq._

Thanda Pulayans, in India, their notion as to the phosphorescence of the
sea, ii. 155 _n._ 1

Thann, in Alsace, the Little May Rose at, ii. 74

Tharafah, on a custom of the heathen Arabs as to a boy’s fallen tooth, i.
181

Thargelia, human scapegoats at the Greek festival of the, ix. 254, 255,
256, 257, 259, 272, 273

Thargelion, Greek harvest month, i. 32, vi. 239 _n._ 1, viii. 8

Thatch of roof, children’s cast teeth deposited in, i. 179;
burnt as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 53;
shorn hair hidden in, iii. 277

Thays of Indo-China, their offerings of first-fruits to their ancestors,
viii. 121;
their worship of spirits, ix. 97 _sq._;
their customs after a burial, xi. 177 _sq._

Theal, G. McCall, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176
_sq._;
on fear of demons among the Bantu tribes of South Africa, ix. 77 _sq._

Theban priests, in Egypt, their determination of the solar year, vi. 26

Thebes, the Boeotian, grave of Eteocles and Polynices at, ii. 33;
the women of, muffled their faces, iii. 122;
festival of the Laurel-bearing at, iv. 78 _sq._, 88 _sq._, vi. 241;
founded by Cadmus, iv. 88;
stone lion at, v. 184 _n._ 3;
grave of Dionysus at, vii. 14;
Dionysus torn to pieces at, vii. 14, 25;
the Thesmophoria at, viii. 17 _n._ 2;
effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 130 _sq._

Thebes in Egypt, temple of the sun-god at, i. 67 _sq._;
the human consort of Ammon at, ii. 130 _sq._;
priestly dynasty at, ii. 134;
high priests of Ammon at, ii. 134;
priestly kings of, iii. 13;
temple of Ammon at, v. 72;
the Memnonium at, vi. 35 _n._;
the Valley of the Kings at, vi. 90;
annual sacrifice of ram to Ammon at, viii. 41, 172

_Theckydaw_, annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 147 _sq._

Theddora tribe of South-East Australia ate the hands and feet of their
foes, viii. 151

Theebaw, king of Burma, his relations beaten to death, iii. 242

Theias, a Syrian king, father of Adonis, v. 43 _n._ 4, 55 _n._ 4

Theism late in human history, vi. 41

_Then_, spirits, among the Thay of Indo-China, ix. 97

_Thensae_, sacred cars at the Circensian games in Rome, ii. 175 _n._ 1

Theocracies in America, iii. 6

Theocracy, government by human gods, i. 386;
in the Pelew Islands, tendency to, vi. 208

Theocritus, witch in, i. 206;
on an image of Demeter, vii. 43;
on the harvest-home in Cos, vii. 46 _sq._

Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, his denunciation of a heathen
practice, xi. 190 _sq._

Theodosius and Honorius, decree of, against the burning of effigies of
Haman by the Jews, ix. 392

_Theogamy_, divine marriage, ii. 121

Theology distinguished from religion, i. 223;
the gods at first mortal in Brahman, i. 373 _n._ 1;
vague thought of a crude, iii. 3 _n._;
cruel ritual diluted into a nebulous, ix. 411

Theophrastus, on the woods of Latium, ii. 188;
on the woods used by the Greeks in kindling fire, ii. 251;
on the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ii. 314 _n._ 2;
on the flowering of squills, vii. 53 _n._ 1;
on the custom of ploughing the land thrice, vii. 73 _n._ 1;
on the different kinds of mistletoe, xi. 317

Theopompus, on sexual communism among the Etruscans, ii. 207;
wins prize of eloquence at Halicarnassus, iv. 95;
on the names of the seasons, vi. 41

Theory of sacrifice, the Brahmanical, ix. 410 _sq._;
solar theory of the European fire-festivals, x. 329, 331 _sqq._;
purificatory theory of the European fire-festivals, x. 329 _sq._, 341
_sqq._

Thera, worship of the Mother of the Gods in, v. 280 _n._ 1

Therapia, near Constantinople, effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x.
131

Thermopylae, the Spartans at, v. 197 _n._ 1;
the hot springs of, v. 210 _sqq._

Theseus offers his hair to Apollo at Delphi, i. 28

—— and Ariadne, iv. 75

—— and Hippolytus, i. 19

Thesmophoria, ancient Greek festival celebrated by women in October, viii.
17 _sqq._;
release of prisoners at the, iii. 316;
chastity of women at the, v. 43 _n._ 4, vii. 116;
sacrifice of cakes and pigs to serpents at the, v. 88, viii. 17 _sq._;
pine-cones at the, v. 278;
fast of the women at the, vi. 40 _sq._;
seeds of pomegranates not eaten at the, vii. 14;
indecencies at the, vii. 63;
descent and ascent of Persephone at the, viii. 17;
its analogy with folk-customs of Northern Europe, viii. 20 _sq._

Thessalian witch, her love-charm, iii. 270;
consulted by Sextus Pompeius, iii. 390

Thessalians, their festival of the Peloria, resembling the Saturnalia, ix.
350

Thessaly, kings of, i. 47 _n._;
rain-making among the Greeks of, i. 272 _sq._;
Crannon in, i. 309

Thetis and her infant son, how she tried to make him immortal by fire, v.
180

Thevet, F. A., on the importance of medicine-men among the Indians of
Brazil, i. 358 _sq._

Thief wears a toad’s heart to escape detection, x. 302 _n._ 2.
_See also_ Thieves

Thief’s charm among the South Slavs, i. 153;
garments beaten instead of thief, i. 206 _sq._;
name boiled, iii. 331

Thiers, J. B., on the Yule log, x. 250;
on gathering herbs at Midsummer, xi. 45 _n._ 1;
on belief concerning wormwood, xi. 61 _n._ 1

Thieves, transmigration of souls of, into animals, viii. 299;
detected by divining-rod, xi. 68

Thieves’ candles, i. 148, 149, 236

Thigh, sinew of the, customs and myths as to, viii. 264 _sqq._

Thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, x. 296 _n._ 1

Things, homoeopathic magic of inanimate, i. 157 _sqq._;
tabooed, iii. 224 _sqq._

Thinis, in Egypt, the mummy of Anhouri at, iv. 4 _sq._

Thiodolf, the poet, on King Aun’s sacrifice of his sons at Upsala, iv. 161

Third marriage regarded as unlucky, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Thirst, transference of, in ancient Hindoo ritual, ix. 38

Thirty years, the Sed festival held nominally at intervals of, vi. 151

—— years’ cycle of the Druids, xi. 77

—— Years’ War, plague during the, ix. 64

Thistles, as a charm to keep off witches, ii. 339, 340

Thlinkeet or Tlingit Indians, the, viii. 253;
think that stormy weather may be caused by combing hair, iii. 271.
_See_ Tlingit

—— shamans, their use of the tongues of otters and eagles, viii. 270

Thomas, N. W., as to the doctrine of souls among the Angass, xi. 210 _n._
2

Thomas, W. E., on human god of the Makalakas, i. 394 _n._ 3

Thomas the Rhymer, verses ascribed to, on the mistletoe at Errol, xi. 283
_sq._

Thompson Indians of British Columbia, ceremonies performed by girls at
puberty among the, i. 70;
dances of women during absence of warriors among the, i. 132 _sq._;
their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 181;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 197;
their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212;
their way of stopping rain, i. 253;
their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 264 _sq._;
their belief as to the loon and rain, i. 288;
their superstition as to killing a frog, i. 293;
their reverence for sunflower roots, ii. 13;
the fire-drill of the, ii. 208;
their custom of not sleeping the night after a death, iii. 37 _sq._;
recovery of lost souls by shamans among the, iii. 57 _sq._;
think that the setting sun draws away men’s souls, iii. 65;
their fear of witchcraft at meals, iii. 117;
customs of mourners among the, iii. 142 _sq._;
their custom after killing an enemy, iii. 181;
their continence and other observances before hunting, iii. 198;
their disposal of their loose hair, iii. 278 _sq._;
burned their nail-parings for fear of witchcraft, iii. 282;
their children may not name the coyote in winter, iii. 399;
their ceremonies before eating the first berries or roots of the season,
viii. 81 _sq._;
offered first berries of season to the earth or the mountains, viii. 133
_sq._;
will not eat the fool-hen lest they grow foolish, viii. 140;
their belief in the assimilation of men to their guardian animals, viii.
207;
their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226;
their superstitions in regard to killing deer, viii. 242;
custom observed by man whose daughter has just reached puberty among
the, viii. 268;
their charms against ghosts, ix. 154 _n._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 49 _sqq._;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 89 _sq._;
prayer of adolescent girl among the, x. 98 _n._ 1;
supposed invulnerability of initiated men among the, xi. 275 _sq._;
their ideas as to wood of trees struck by lightning, xi. 297

Thomsdorf, in Germany, story of an immortal girl told at, x. 99

Thomson, Basil, on circumcision in Fiji, xi. 244 _n._ 1;
on the _Nanga_ in Fiji, xi. 244 _n._ 2

Thomson, Joseph, on the fear of photography among the Wa-teita, iii. 98

Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Africa, their belief in serpents as
reincarnations of the dead, v. 82;
their presentation of infants to the moon, vi. 144 _sq._;
worship of the dead among the, vi. 180 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 29 _sq._;
will not use the wood of trees struck by lightning, xi. 297;
think lightning caused by a bird, xi. 297 _n._ 5.
_See also_ Ba-Thonga

Thonga chiefs buried secretly, vi. 104 _sq._

Thongs, legends as to new settlements enclosed by, vi. 249 _sq._

Thor, the Norse thunder god, equivalent to the Teutonic Donar or Thunar,
ii. 364;
his hammers, i. 248 _n._ 1;
fought for Balder, x. 103

Thorn, external soul in a, xi. 129;
mistletoe on a, xi. 291 _n._ 3

Thorn-bushes as charms against witches, ii. 338;
to keep off ghosts, iii. 142, xi. 174 _sq._

Thorns, wreaths of, hung up as a sign to warn off strangers, ix. 140

Thorny branches used to keep out witches, ix. 161

—— shrubs, a protection against witches, ii. 338

Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, at the marriage of the Queen of Egypt to
Ammon, ii. 131;
how he added five days to the Egyptian year, vi. 6;
teaches Isis a spell to restore the dead to life, vi. 8;
restores the eye of Horus, vi. 17;
how he outwitted the Sun-god Ra, ix. 341

Thoth, the first month of the Egyptian year, vi. 36, 93 _sqq._

Thothmes I., king of Egypt, the god Ammon in the likeness of, ii. 131, 132

—— IV., king of Egypt, the god Ammon in the likeness of, ii. 131, 132

Thought, the web of, xi. 307 _sq._

Thrace, the Edonians of, i. 366;
the grave of Ares in, iv. 4;
worship of Dionysus in, vii. 3;
the Bacchanals of, vii. 17;
modern Carnival customs in, vii. 25 _sqq._, viii. 331 _sqq._;
Abdera in, ix. 254

Thracian gods ruddy and blue-eyed, iii. 387

—— villages, custom at Carnival in, vi. 99 _sq._

Thracians threatened the thunder-god, ii. 183 _n._ 2;
funeral games held by the, iv. 96;
their contempt of death, iv. 142

Thrashing people to do them good, ix. 262 _sqq._
_See also_ Beating _and_ Whipping

Thread, red, in popular cure, ix. 55

—— or string used to tie soul to body, iii. 32 _sq._, 43, 51

Threads hung on trees, ii. 34;
knotted, in magic, iii. 303, 304 _sq._, 307;
used to transfer illnesses to trees, ix. 55

——, red, tied to cattle as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 336

Threatening the thunder god, ii. 183 _n._ 2

—— the spirits of fruit-trees, ii. 20 _sqq._, x. 114

Three days, taboos observed for, at bringing home the Soul of the Rice,
vii. 198 _sq._

—— Holy Kings, the divining-rod baptized in the name of the, xi. 68

—— Kings on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 _sqq._

—— knots in magic, iii. 304, 305

—— leaps over bonfire, x. 214, 215

—— years, chief killed at end of reign of, iv. 113.
_See also_ Thrice

Thresher tied up in last sheaf, vii. 134, 147, 148;
of last sheaf treated as an animal, vii. 271

—— of the last corn called the Corn-pug, vii. 273;
called Goat or Oats-goat, vii. 286;
called the Cow, vii. 291;
called the Bull, vii. 291;
called the Sow, vii. 298, 299;
disguised as a wolf, viii. 327

Threshers, contests between, vii. 147 _sqq._, 218, 219 _sq._, 221 _sq._,
223 _sq._, 253;
pretend to throttle or thresh people on threshing-floor, vii. 149 _sq._,
230;
tied in straw and thrown into water, vii. 224 _sq._

Thresher-cow, name given to man who threshes the last corn, in the Canton
of Zurich, vii. 291

Threshing, customs at, vii. 134, 147 _sqq._, 203, 221 _sq._, 223, 223
_sq._, 225 _sq._, 230, 271, 273, 274 _sq._, 277, 281, 286
_sq._, 290 _sqq._, 297, 298 _sq._;
contests in, vii. 218 _sqq._;
corn-spirit killed at, vii. 291 _sq._

—— in Attica, date of, viii. 4

—— in Greece, date of, vii. 62

Threshing-dog, name given to man who gives the last stroke with the flail,
vii. 271

—— -floor, stalks of corn knotted as a charm on a, iii. 308 _sq._;
Demeter associated with the, vii. 41 _sq._, 43, 47, 61 _sq._, 63, 64
_sq._;
the festival of the, at Eleusis, vii. 60 _sqq._;
of Triptolemus at Eleusis, vii. 61, 72, 75;
strangers treated as embodiments of the corn-spirit on the, vii. 230;
sanctity of the, viii. 110 _n._ 4

Threshing corn by oxen, vi. 45

Threshold, shells on, i. 158;
the caul (chorion) buried under the, i. 200;
personal relics buried by witch under the, i. 206 _n._ 4;
guarded against witches on Walpurgis Night by flowers, sods, and thorny
branches, ii. 52, 54, 55, ix. 163;
protected against witches on Walpurgis Night by knives, ii. 55, ix. 162;
cut hair buried under the, iii. 276 _sq._;
burial of infants under the, v. 93 _sq._;
nail knocked into, to prevent death entering, ix. 63 _n._ 4;
shavings from the, burnt, xi. 53

Thrice, custom of spitting thrice to avert evil, iv. 63;
Greek custom of ploughing land thrice, vii. 72 _sq._;
to crawl thrice under a bramble as a cure, xi. 180;
to pass thrice through a wreath of woodbine, xi. 184

—— born, said of Brahmans, i. 381

Thrice-ploughed field, Plutus begotten on a, vii. 208

Throne, sanctity of the king’s, i. 365;
reverence for the, iv. 51

Throttling, a punishment for incest, ii. 110;
farmer’s wife at threshing, pretence of, vii. 150;
strangers at threshing, pretence of, vii. 230

Throwing of sticks or stones interpreted as an offering or token of
respect, ix. 20 _sqq._, 25 _sqq._;
as a mode of riddance of evil, ix. 23 _sqq._;
or striking blindfold, xi. 279 _n._ 4

Thrumalun, a mythical being in Australia who kills and resuscitates
novices at initiation, xi. 233.
_See also_ Daramulun _and_ Thuremlin

Thrushes deposit seeds of mistletoe, xi. 316 _n._ 1

Thucydides on military music, v. 196 _n._ 3;
on the sailing of the fleet for Syracuse, v. 226 _n._ 4

Θύειν distinguished from ἐναγίζειν, v. 316 _n._ 1

Thule, ceremony in Thule at the annual reappearance of the sun, ix. 125
_n._ 1

Thumbs snapped to prevent the departure of the soul, iii. 31;
of dead enemies cut off, viii. 272

Thunar or Donar, the German thunder god, ii. 364

Thunder, imitation of, in a Russian rain-charm, i. 248;
kings expected to make, ii. 180 _sq._;
thought to be the roll of the drums of the dead, ii. 183;
rain, sky, and oak, god of the, ii. 349 _sq._;
Esthonian prayer to, ii. 367 _sq._;
expiation for hearing, iii. 14;
the first heard in spring, offering of grain to guardian ancestral
spirit at, viii. 121;
the first peal heard in spring, peas cooked and eaten at, ix. 144;
demon of, exorcized by bells, ix. 246 _sq._;
associated with the oak, x. 145;
Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176;
charred sticks of Midsummer bonfire a protection against, x. 184, 192;
ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 190;
brands from the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 191;
certain flowers at Midsummer a protection against, xi. 54, 58, 59;
the sound of bull-roarers thought to imitate, xi. 228 _sqq._
_See also_ Lightning

—— and lightning, imitation of, in rain-making ceremonies, i. 248, 309
_sq._;
sacrifices to, v. 157; the Syrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite god
of, v. 163 _sq._;
the Yule log, a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254,
258, 264;
bonfires a protection against, x. 344;
smoke of Midsummer herbs a protection against, xi. 48;
vervain a protection against, xi. 62;
name given to bull-roarers, xi. 231 _sq._

—— and oak, the Aryan god of the, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265

Thunder-beings, among the Teton Indians, viii. 237

“—— -besom,” name applied to mistletoe and other bushy excrescences on
trees, xi. 85, 301;
a protection against thunderbolts, xi. 85

—— -bird in rain-making, i. 309;
the mythical, painted on screens behind which girls at puberty hide, x.
44

—— god, threatening the, ii. 183 _n._ 2;
black victims sacrificed for rain to the, ii. 367;
conceived as a deity of fertility, ii. 368 _sqq._;
of the Hittites, with a bull and an axe as his emblems, v. 134 _sqq._

“—— -poles,” oak-sticks charred in Easter bonfires, x. 145

—— totem, in the Mungarai tribe of Northern Australia, v. 101

Thunderbolt as emblem of the Hittite thunder-god, v. 134, 136;
as emblem of the Syrian, Babylonian, and Assyrian thunder-god, v. 163

Thunderbolt and ears of corn, emblem of the Syrian god Hadad, v. 163

—— of Indra, i. 269

—— Zeus, surnamed the, worshipped at Olympia and elsewhere, ii. 361

Thunderbolts, kings killed by, ii. 181;
flint implements regarded as, ii. 374;
prehistoric celts called thunderbolts, x. 14 _sq._

Thunderstorms, death or disappearance of Roman kings in, ii. 181 _sqq._;
thought to be caused by the spirits of the dead, ii. 183, 183 _n._ 2;
caused by cut hair, ii. 271, 282;
caused by hair-cutting, iii. 265;
and hail caused by witches, x. 344;
Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 48

Thuremlin, a mythical being who kills lads at initiation and restores them
to life, xi. 227.
_See also_ Daramulun

Thurgau, the Canton of, man who cuts the last corn called the Corn-goat at
harvest in, vii. 283;
last sheaf called Cow in, vii. 289;
man who threshes the last corn called the Corn-bull in, vii. 291

Thüringen (Thuringia), homoeopathic magic at sowing flax in, i. 136;
the Little Leaf Man in, ii. 80 _sq._;
May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84 _sq._;
wolves not to be named between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396;
Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208;
Carrying out Death in, iv. 235 _sq._;
the Old Corn-woman at threshing in, vii. 147, 276, 290, 291;
custom at threshing in, vii. 222;
the mythical Rush-cutter (_Binsenschneider_) in, vii. 230 _n._ 5;
the Little Wood-woman at harvest in, vii. 232;
last sheaf called the Harvest-cock at Wünchensuhl in, vii. 276;
man who gives the last stroke at threshing called the Cow at Wurmlingen
in, vii. 290;
treatment of farmer who is last at threshing at Herbrechtingen in, vii.
291;
saying as to the wind in the corn in, vii. 298;
expulsion of witches in, ix. 160;
Halberstadt in, ix. 214;
custom of beating people on Holy Innocents’ Day in, ix. 271.
_See also_ Thuringia

Thuringia (Thüringen), custom at eclipses in, x. 162 _n._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 169, xi. 40;
Schweina in, x. 265;
belief as to magical properties of the fern in, xi. 66 _sq._
_See_ Thüringen

Thurn, Sir E. F. im, on the objection of the Indians of Guiana to tell
their names, iii. 324 _sq._;
on Indian want of discrimination between animals and men, viii. 204;
on the fear of demons among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78

Thursday, Thunar’s Day, ii. 364;
Maundy, church bells silenced on, x. 125 _n._ 1

Thurso, witches as cats at, x. 317

Thurston, Edgar, on votive images of the Kusavans, i. 56 _n._ 3;
on dancing-girls in India, v. 62;
on the transference of sins to a buffalo calf among the Badagas, ix. 36
_sq._;
on the fire-walk of the Badagas, xi. 9

Thyatira, hero Tyrimnus at, v. 183 _n._

Thyestes and Atreus claimed the throne of Mycenae in virtue of a golden
lamb, i. 365

Thyiads, college of women at Delphi, devoted to worship of Bacchus, i. 46

Thymbria, sanctuary of Charon at, v. 205

Thyme burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213;
wild, gathered on Midsummer Day, xi. 64

Tiaha, Arab tribe of Moab, shave the prisoners whom they release, iii. 273

Tiamat, dragon, embodiment of the watery chaos, mythical Babylonian
monster, iv. 105, 108, ix. 410

—— and Marduk, iv. 105 _sq._, 107 _sq._

Tiber, grove of Dia on the, ii. 122;
puppets annually thrown from the Sublician bridge into the, viii. 107;
in flood, ix. 65

Tiberius, the Emperor, refused the oak crown, ii. 177 _n._ 2;
dedicated a chapel to the Julii at Bovillae, ii. 180 _n._;
his inquiries as to the death of Pan, iv. 7;
his attempt to put down Carthaginian sacrifices of children, iv. 168;
persecuted the Egyptian religion, vi. 95 _n._ 1

Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, i. 411 _sq._;
incarnate human gods in, i. 413;
vicarious use of images to save sick people in, viii. 103;
heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12;
prayers at cairns in, ix. 29;
demonolatry in, ix. 94;
human scapegoats in, ix. 218 _sqq._;
sixty years’ cycle in, xi. 78 _n._

Tibetan New Year, ceremonies at the, ix. 197 _sq._, 203, 218 _sqq._

Tibetans put effigies at doors of houses to deceive demons, viii. 96 _sq._

Tibullus on the rising of Sirius, vi. 34 _n._ 1

Tibur, Vestals at, i. 13 _sq._

Ticunas of the Amazon, ordeal of young men among the, x. 62 _sq._

—— of Brazil tear out the hair of girls at puberty, iii. 282

Tide, Cimbrians take arms against the, i. 331 _n._ 3

Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, i. 166 _sqq._

Tidore, i. 125

Tiegenhof, in Prussia, custom of reapers at binding the corn near, vii.
137

Tiele, C. P., on the deification of Egyptian kings, i. 419 _sq._;
on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 _n._ 1;
on the death of Saracus, vi. 174 _n._ 2;
on Isis, vi. 115;
on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 _n._ 2

Tien-tai Mountains, in China, voluntary deaths of Buddhist monks on the,
iv. 42

Tiengum-Mana, a tribe of New Guinea, their mode of making fire, ii. 254

Tifata, Mount, the oak woods of, ii. 280;
temple of Diana on, ii. 280

Tiger, gall-bladder of tiger eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145 _sq._

——, a Batta totem, xi. 223

Tiger clan, in Mandeling, viii. 216;
members of, pay honour to dead tigers, viii. 293

—— -spirits expelled in a raft, ix. 199

Tiger’s flesh eaten to make eater brave, viii. 145

—— ghost, deceiving a, vi. 263, viii. 155 _n._ 4;
appeasing a, viii. 293

—— skin at inauguration of a king, x. 4

Tigers not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 402, 403 _sq._, 408,
411, 415;
called dogs for euphemism, iii. 402;
called jackals for euphemism, iii. 402, 403;
souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85, viii. 293;
ceremonies at killing, viii. 155 _n._ 5, 215, 216 _sq._;
respected in Sumatra, viii. 215 _sq._;
kinship of men with, viii. 216

Tiglath-Pileser III., king of Assyria, v. 14, 16, 163 _n._ 3

Tigre-speaking tribes to the north of Abyssinia, their fear to fell
fruit-trees, ii. 19

Tii, Egyptian queen, mother of Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1

Tikopia, island of, epidemic sickness sent away in a small canoe from, ix.
189

Tille, A., on beginning of the Teutonic winter, vi. 81 _n._ 3

Tilling the earth treated as a crime, viii. 57

Tillot, canton of, in Lothringen, “killing the Old Woman” at threshing in
the, vii. 223

Tilsit district, the last sheaf left for the Old Rye-woman in the, vii.
232

Tilton, E. L., on burning the Carnival at Pylos, iv. 232 _sq._

Timber used in house-building, homoeopathic magic of, i. 146;
of houses, tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39 _sq._;
not to be cut while the corn is green, ii. 49;
felled in the waning of the moon, vi. 133, 135 _sq._, 137

Timbo, in French Guinea, dances at sowing at, ix. 235

Time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning intervals of, iv. 59;
personification of periods of time too abstract to be primitive, ix. 230

Timekeepers, natural, vii. 53

Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone beat their kings before their coronation,
iii. 18;
their secret society, xi. 260 _n._ 1

Timoleon, funeral games at Syracuse in his honour, iv. 94

Timor, island of, telepathy of high-priest of, in war, i. 128 _sq._;
treatment of the placenta in, i. 190;
the marriage of the Sun and Earth deemed the source of all fertility in,
ii. 99 _n._ 1;
sacrifice to crocodiles in, ii. 152;
fetish or taboo rajah in, iii. 24;
speaker holds his hand before his mouth in, iii. 122;
customs as to war in, iii. 165 _sq._;
theory of earthquakes in, v. 197;
burial of woman who has died in childbed in, viii. 98;
kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212;
transference of fatigue to leaves in, ix. 8;
belief in the spirits of the dead in, ix. 85.
_See also_ Timorese

_Timor fecit deos_, ix. 93

Timorese, their sacrifices for rain and sunshine, i. 291

Timorlaut Islands, treatment of the after-birth in the, i. 186;
married men may not poll their hair in the, iii. 260;
first-fruits offered to spirits of ancestors in the, viii. 123;
mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in the, viii. 163;
dead turtles propitiated by fishermen in the, viii. 244;
the tug-of-war in the, ix. 176;
demons of sicknesses expelled in a proa from the, ix. 185 _sq._

Timotheus on the death of Attis, v. 264 _n._ 4

_Tin-egin_, forced fire (need-fire) among the Highlanders of Scotland, ii.
238

Tin ore, Malay superstitions as to, iii. 407

Tinchebray in Normandy, ix. 183

Tinguianes of the Philippines reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353

Tinneh or Déné Indians, the power of medicine-men among the, i. 357;
recall of lost souls among the, iii. 45;
taboos observed by those who have handled a corpse among the, iii. 143;
their fear and avoidance of menstruous women, iii. 145 _sq._, x. 91
_sqq._;
their refusal to taste blood, iii. 240 _sq._;
their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65;
their magical ceremony to procure game, iv. 278;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 47 _sqq._

Tinneh Indians of Alaska, their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220

—— Indians of North-West America, ceremonies observed by them before
eating the first wild berries or roots of the season, viii. 80
_sq._

Tinnevelly, the Kappiliyans of, x. 69

Tipperary, county of, were-wolves in, x. 310 _n._ 1;
woman burnt as a witch in, x. 323 _sq._

Tiraspol, in Russia, collective suicide in, iv. 45 _n._ 1

Tiree, Hebridean island, vii. 140;
the need-fire in, x. 148;
the Beltane cake in, x. 149;
witch as sheep in, x. 316

Tiru-kalli-kundram, dancing-girls at, v. 61

Tirunavayi temple, near Calicut, attack on the King of Calicut every
twelfth year at the, iv. 49 _sq._

Titane, shrine of Aesculapius at, v. 81

Titans attack and kill Dionysus, vii. 12 _sq._, 17, 32

Tithe-offering dedicated to Apollo, iv. 187 _n._ 5

Tithorea, festivals of Isis at, viii. 18 _n._ 1

Titicaca, Lake, thunder-god of the Indians about, ii. 370

_Tivor_, god or victim, in Norse, x. 103 _n._

Tiyans of Malabar, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 68 _sq._

Tjingilli tribe of Central Australia, their cure for headache, ix. 2

——, the, of Northern Australia, their way of making rain by means of a
bandicoot, i. 288

Tjumba, island of, harvest festival in the, viii. 122

Tlacaxipeualiztli, “The Flaying of Men,” a Mexican festival, ix. 296

Tlacopan, city of Mexico, idol of paste eaten as a sacred food in, viii.
91

Tlactga or Tlachtga in Ireland, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;
new fire annually kindled on Hallowe’en at, x. 139

Tlaloc, the Mexican water-god, girls drowned in his honour, ii. 158 _sq._;
Mexican god of thunder and rain, vii. 237;
temple of, in Mexico, ix. 284, 292

Tlaxcallan in Mexico, the goddess Xochiquetzal worshipped at, vii. 237

Tlemcen, in Algeria, rain-making at, i. 250 _sq._;
orgies of the Aïsawa order at, vii. 22 _n._ 1;
fowl used to divert jinn from pregnant women at, ix. 31

Tlingit (Thlinkeet) Indians of Alaska, their respectful treatment of the
first halibut of the season, viii. 253;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 45 _sq._
_See also_ Thlinkeet

Tlokoala, a secret society of the Nootka Indians, xi. 271

Tmolus, Mount, the Birthplace of Rainy Zeus on, ii. 360

Toad in charm to avert a storm, i. 325;
soul in form of, iii. 42 _n._;
figure of, at bear-feasts of the Gilyaks, viii. 193, 194;
soul of dead man in a, viii. 291;
as scapegoat, ix. 135, 193, 206 _sq._;
witch in form of a, x. 323.
_See also_ Toads

Toad clan among the Carrier Indians, xi. 273

—— -stools thrown into Midsummer bonfires as a charm, x. 172

Toad’s heart worn by a thief to prevent detection, x. 302 _n._ 2

Toads in relation to rain, i. 292, 292 _n._ 3;
burnt alive in Devonshire, x. 302

Toaripi or Motumotu, of New Guinea, magical telepathy among the, i. 125;
sorcerers regarded as chiefs among the, i. 337 _sq._;
their rule as to menstruous women, x. 84.
_See_ Motumotu

Toba, Lake, in Sumatra, prince worshipped as a deity on the shore of, i.
398

Tobacco thrown on troubled water, i. 321;
smoke, priest inspired by, i. 384;
used as an emetic, viii. 73;
first of season, ceremony at smoking, viii. 82

Tobarrath-Bhuathaig, a magical well in the island of Gigha, i. 323

Tobas, Indian tribe of the Gran Chaco, their custom of secluding girls at
puberty, x. 59

Tobelorese of Halmahera, their rites of initiation, xi. 248

_Tobolbel_, custom of putting chiefs to death in the Pelew Islands, vi.
266

Toboongkoo (Toboengkoe), the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the
afterbirth, i. 189;
careful not to frighten away the spirit of the rice, ii. 28;
their offerings to tree-spirits before felling timber, ii. 35;
their recall of lost souls, iii. 48;
forbid children to play with their shadows, iii. 78;
mock human sacrifices among the, iv. 219;
riddles among the, ix. 122 _n._;
custom observed by widower among the, xi. 178 _sq._

_Tocandeira_, native name for the _Cryptocerus atratus_, F., ant, used by
the Mauhes to sting boys as an ordeal, x. 62

Tocantins River, the Chavantes Indians on the, iv. 12 _n._ 5

Toci, Mexican goddess, sacrifice of woman in the costume and ornaments of,
ix. 289 _sqq._

Tod, J., on rites of goddess Gouri, v. 241 _sq._

Todas, a tribe of Southern India, offer silver images of buffaloes, i. 56;
confusion of magic with religion among the, i. 230 _n._;
divine milkmen of the, i. 402 _sq._, iii. 15 _sqq._;
magic and medicine among the, i. 421 _n._ 1;
hide their clipped hair and nails, iii. 271;
names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 337 _sq._;
reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
custom as to the pollution of death observed by sacred dairyman among
the, vi. 228;
their sacrament of buffalo’s flesh, viii. 314;
let loose a calf at a funeral, ix. 37;
their ceremony of the new fire, x. 136

_Todtenstein_, hill at Königshain in Silesia, ceremony of driving out
Death at, iv. 264

Toepffer, J., on Triptolemus, vii. 73

Toeratayas, or Toradjas, of Celebes, vii. 196 _n._
_See_ Toradjas

Tofoke, the, of the Congo State, woman’s share in agriculture among, vii.
119

Togo, in West Africa, wind-fetish in, i. 327;
the Bassari of, ii. 102 _n._ 1;
Mount Agu in, iii. 5

Togoland, the Hos of, i. 265, 365, ii. 19, iii. 259, 301, 304, vi. 104,
vii. 130, 234, viii. 59, 115 _sq._, ix. 134, 206;
the Matse of, ii. 293, viii. 115, ix. 3;
festival of Earth in, iii. 247;
magic modes of facilitating childbirth in, iii. 295;
the Ewe-speaking peoples of, iii. 369, v. 282 _n._ 2, viii. 105, 228;
the Yewe religious order in, iii. 383 _sq._;
the Bassari of, viii. 116;
ceremony performed by Ewe hunters in, viii. 244;
the negroes of, their remedy for influenza, ix. 193

Toh Sri Lam, a crocodile goddess among the Malays, offerings and prayers
to, viii. 212

Tokio, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 213;
the fire-walk in temple at, xi. 9 _sq._

Tokoelawi of Central Celebes, custom observed by mourners among the, xi.
178

Tolalaki, the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the afterbirth, i.
188 _sq._;
their punishment of incest, ii. 111;
drink blood of foes to make themselves brave, viii. 152

Tolampoos, the, of Central Celebes, their belief as to written names, iii.
319

Toledo, Elipandus of, i. 407

Tolindoos of Central Celebes, offence to tread on a man’s shadow among
the, iii. 78

Tolucan, Mount, in Mexico, human sacrifices offered to the water-god on,
ii. 158 _sq._

Tomas or Habes, a tribe of Nigeria, revere a fetish doctor, iii. 124

Tomb of chief, sacrifices at, viii. 113

—— of Hyacinth, v. 314

—— of Midas, v. 286

—— of Moses, ix. 21

—— of Osiris, vi. 18 _sq._, 20 _sqq._

Tombs of the ancient kings of Egypt, vi. 19;
of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168 _sq._;
of kings sacred, vi. 194 _sq._

Tomil, village in Yap, taboos observed by men for the sake of girls under
puberty at, iii. 293

Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, their treatment of the afterbirth, i.
189;
feed the ripening rice, ii. 29;
their ceremonies at felling a tree, ii. 35;
their punishment and expiation of incest, ii. 110 _sq._;
use a special vocabulary when at work in the fields, vii. 193;
their customs as to the Rice-mother, vii. 193;
their use of riddles at harvest, vii. 194;
their conception of rice-spirits as shaped like goats, vii. 288

——, the Gulf of, in Celebes, x. 312

Tonan, Mexican goddess, ix. 287;
woman sacrificed in the character of, ix. 287 _sq._

Tonapoo, the, of Central Celebes, offer human sacrifices on roofs of new
houses, ii. 39

_Tondi_, Batta word for soul, iii. 35, 116, vii. 182.
_See also_ Tendi

Tonga, chiefs of, thought to heal scrofula and indurated liver by their
touch, i. 371;
special vocabularies employed with reference to divine chiefs in, i. 402
_n._;
veneration paid to divine chiefs in, iii. 21;
the taboo of chiefs and kings in, iii. 133 _sq._;
chiefs not to touch food with tabooed hands in, iii. 138 _n._ 1;
tabooed persons not allowed to handle food in, iii. 140;
taboos connected with the dead in, iii. 140;
circumcision practised in, iv. 220;
ceremony performed after contact with a sacred chief in, viii. 28;
offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 128 _sqq._
_See also_ Tongans

——, the king of, not to be seen eating, iii. 119;
no one allowed to be over his head, iii. 255

Tongans, their theory of an earthquake, v. 200 _sq._

Tongue of dead king eaten by his successor, iv. 203;
of sacrificial ox cut out, vi. 251 _sq._;
of medicine-man, hole in, xi. 238, 239.
_See also_ Tongues

Tongues of birds eaten, viii. 147;
of slain men eaten, viii. 153;
of dead animals cut out, viii. 269 _sqq._;
of animals worn as amulets, viii. 270

Tonkawe Indians of Texas, their superstition as to personal names, iii.
325 _sq._

Tonocotes. _See_ Lules

Tonquin, image of Buddha whipped in time of drought in, i. 297 _n._ 7;
guardian spirits of villages in, i. 401 _sq._;
division of monarchy in, iii. 19 _sq._;
royal criminals strangled in, iii. 242;
the tiger spoken of respectfully in, iii. 403;
annual festival of the dead in, vi. 62;
livers of brave men eaten in, as a means of acquiring bravery, viii. 151
_sq._;
demon of sickness expelled in, ix. 119;
annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 147 _sq._;
the Thays of, their burial customs, xi. 177 _sq._
_See also_ Tonquinese

——, kings of, blamed for drought, dearth, floods, storms, cholera, etc.,
i. 355;
screened from public gaze, iii. 125

Tonquinese, their test of a sacrificial victim, i. 384 _sq._;
their custom of catching the soul of the dying, iv. 200

Tonsure, the clerical, viii. 105 _n._ 1

_Tonwan_, magical influence of medicine-bag, xi. 268, 269

Tooitonga, divine chief of Tonga, iii. 21, viii. 128, 129, 130, 131, 140

Toorateyas of Southern Celebes hold their princes responsible for the
rice-crop, i. 361

Tooth knocked out as initiatory rite, iii. 244, xi. 227, 235;
of dead king kept, iv. 203.
_See also_ Teeth

Toothache, tooth of an ounce a homoeopathic remedy for, i. 153;
transferred to enemies, ix. 6;
transferred to a frog, ix. 50;
transferred to trees, ix. 57, 58, 59 _sq._;
nailed into a door or a wall, ix. 62, 63;
cured by sticking needles into a willow, ix. 71

Töpffer, J., on the Eudanemi at Athens, i. 325 _n._ 1

Tophet, at Jerusalem, children burnt in sacrifice in, iv. 169, 170, 171,
v. 177

Töppen, M., on the Lithuanian god Perkunas, ii. 365 _n._ 5

Tops spun at sowing festival, vii. 95, 97, 187

Toradjas, meaning of the name, i. 109 _n._ 1;
their mode of annulling an evil omen, i. 170;
employ a special language in passing through a forest, iii. 412 _sq._

—— of Central Celebes, their magical use of jawbones, i. 109;
their rule not to loiter in the doorway of a pregnant woman, i. 114;
telepathy in war among the, i. 129;
their use of iron in homoeopathic magic, i. 159;
their rain-making, i. 253;
customs observed by the rain-doctor among the, i. 271 _sq._;
their rain-making by means of the dead, i. 286;
their way of making rain by an appeal to the pity of the gods, i. 303;
their sacrifice at building a new house, ii. 39;
use the incest of animals as a rain-charm, ii. 113;
rules observed by them on entering an enemy’s country, iii. 111;
their custom as to cutting a child’s hair, iii. 263;
names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340;
disinter the bones of the dead at a festival, iii. 373 _n._;
their field-speech, iii. 411 _sqq._;
their theory of rain, vi. 33;
their conception of the rice-soul as a blue bird, vii. 182 _n._ 1, 295
_sq._;
attribute souls to men, animals, and rice, vii. 183;
their customs as to the Mother of the Rice, vii. 194 _sq._;
their offerings to the souls of the dead at planting a new field, vii.
228;
their custom at circumcision, viii. 153;
cure for kleptomania among the, ix. 34;
hide themselves from the demon of smallpox, ix. 112 _n._ 2;
their cure by beating, ix. 265;
were-wolves among the, x. 311 _sq._;
their custom at the smelting of iron, xi. 154

Toradjas of Poso, in Central Celebes, recovery of souls abducted by demons
among the, iii. 62;
use a secret language in the harvest-field, iii. 411 _sq._;
ask each other riddles while they watch the crops in the field, vii. 194

Torch-bearer, the Eleusinian, vii. 54, 55, 59

—— -races at Athens presided over by the king, ii. 44 _sq._;
at Easter, x. 142;
at Midsummer, x. 175

Torches by women to Diana, i. 12;
fight with, as a ceremony, i. 94;
used to mimic lightning, i. 310;
in relation to Demeter and Persephone, vii. 57;
lighted, used in purification, viii. 249;
used in the expulsion of demons, ix. 110, 117, 120, 130, 131, 132, 133
_sq._, 139, 140, 146, 157, 171;
used in the expulsion of witches, etc., ix. 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
163, 165, 166;
carried in procession by maskers in Salzburg, ix. 243;
carried by dancers in Mexico, ix. 285;
applied to fruit-trees on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 316 _sq._;
carried about the sowed fields on the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 316,
317;
interpreted as imitations of lightning, x. 340 _n._ 1

Torches, burning, carried round folds and lands at Midsummer, x. 206;
applied to fruit-trees to fertilize them, x. 340

—— of Demeter, x. 340

——, processions with lighted, x. 141, _sq._, 233 _sq._;
through fields, gardens, orchards, and streets, x. 107 _sq._, 110
_sqq._, 113 _sqq._, 179, 339 _sq._;
at Midsummer, x. 179;
on Christmas Eve, x. 266

Torchlight dance of the Natchez Indians at the festival of new corn, viii.
79;
procession at Eleusis, vii. 38

Torgot, province of China, rain-dragon banished in time of drought to, i.
298

Torquemada, J. de, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 286 _n._ 1;
on the eating of the flesh of the human representative of Tezcatlipoca,
ix. 279 _n._ 1;
on the flaying of human victims in Mexico, ix. 300 _n._ 1

Torres Straits Islands, use of magical images in the, i. 59, 72;
magic to catch dugong and turtle in the, i. 108;
raising the wind in the, i. 322;
wind raised by bull-roarer in the, i. 324;
magicians in the, i. 420 _n._ 2;
the fire-drill in the, ii. 209;
ritual flight of man who has decapitated a corpse in the, ii. 309 _n._
2;
names of relations by marriage tabooed in the, iii. 343 _sq._;
funeral custom in the, iv. 92 _sq._;
worship of animal-shaped heroes in the, v. 139 _n._ 1;
death-dances in the, vi. 53 _n._ 2;
cat’s cradle in the, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
the natives of the, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;
modes of acquiring courage in the, viii. 152 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty in the, x. 36 _sq._, 39 _sqq._;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in the, x. 78 _sq._;
use of bull-roarers in the, xi. 228 _n._ 2, 232

Tortoise, emblem of longevity, i. 169 _n._ 1;
deemed ill-omened in China, i. 170;
fever transferred to, ix. 31

Tortoises, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;
land, in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
reasons for not eating, viii. 140;
external human souls lodged in, xi. 204.
_See also_ Turtles

Torture, judicial, of criminals, witches, and wizards, xi. 158 _sq._

Tossing successful reaper in Berwickshire, vii. 154

Totec or Xipe, Mexican god, ix. 297, 298;
personated by a man wearing the skin of a human victim, ix. 300.
_See also_ Xipe

Totem confounded with the man himself, i. 107;
custom observed at eating the, iii. 127;
skin-disease supposed to be caused by eating, viii. 25 _sq._;
transference of man’s soul to his, xi. 219 _n._, 225 _sq._;
supposed effect of killing a, xi. 220;
the receptacle in which a man keeps his external soul, xi. 220 _sqq._;
the individual or personal, xi. 222 _n._ 5, 224 _n._ 1, 226 _n._ 1
_See also_ Totems _and_ Sex totem

Totem animal, artificial, novice at initiation brought back by, xi. 271
_sq._;
transformation of man into his, xi. 275

—— animals and plants, custom of eating, i. 107

—— clans and secret societies, related to each other, xi. 272 _sq._

—— names kept secret, iii. 320, 330, xi. 225 _n._

—— plants among the Fans, xi. 161

—— sacrament, viii. 165

Totemic animals, purification for killing, viii. 28;
dances in imitation of, viii. 76;
represented by masks, ix. 380