Chapter XXXIX: Part 39

Vervain, root of, in homoeopathic cure, i. 84;
garlands or chaplets of, at Midsummer, x. 162, 163, 165;
burnt in the Midsummer fires, x. 195;
used in exorcism, xi. 62 _n._ 4;
gathered at Midsummer, a protection against thunder and lightning,
sorcerers, demons, and thieves, xi. 62

Vesoul, the Cat at cutting the last corn at, vii. 280

Vespasian, monument of, at Nemi, i. 5 _sq._;
German woman worshipped as a deity in the reign of, i. 391

Vespasian family, the oak of the, xi. 168

Vesper-bell on Midsummer Eve, xi. 62

Vessels used by tabooed persons destroyed, iii. 4, 131, 139, 145, 156,
185, 284;
new or specially reserved, to hold new fruits, viii. 50, 53, 65, 66, 72,
81, 83

——, special, employed by tabooed persons, iii. 138, 139, 142, 143, 144,
145, 146, 147, 148, 160, 167, 185, 189, 197, 198;
reserved for eating bear’s flesh, viii. 196, 198;
used by menstruous women, x. 86, 90;
used by girls at puberty, x. 93

Vesta, her round temple, i. 13, ii. 200 _sq._;
her sacred fires in Latium, i. 13 _sq._;
worshipped at Lavinium, i. 14;
her festival in June, ii. 127 _n._ 3;
at Rome, the grove of, ii. 185;
her fire at Rome fed with oak wood, ii. 186, xi. 91, 286;
called Mother, not Virgin, ii. 198, 229;
as Mother, ii. 227 _sqq._;
a goddess of fecundity, ii. 229 _sq._;
sacred fire in the temple of, annually kindled, x. 138

Vestal fire at Alba, i. 13;
at Rome a successor of the fire on the king’s hearth, ii. 200 _sqq._;
rekindled by the friction of wood, ii. 207;
at Nemi, ii. 378 _sq._, 380

—— Virgin, mother of Servius Tullius, ii. 196;
mother of Romulus and Remus, ii. 196, vi. 235

—— Virgins, in Latium, i. 13 _sq._;
become mothers by the fire, ii. 196 _sq._;
regarded as wives of the fire-god, ii. 198, 199, 229;
relit the sacred fire of Vesta, ii. 207, x. 138;
their function at the Parilia, ii. 229, 326;
an order of, among the Baganda, ii. 246;
their address to the King of the Sacred Rites, ii. 265;
daughters of the Latin kings, ii. 271;
their shorn tresses hung on a lotus-tree, iii. 275;
rule as to their election, vi. 244;
ceremonies performed by them on April 21st, viii. 42;
their rule of celibacy, x. 138 _n._ 5

Vestals fetch water from the spring of Egeria, i. 18;
African, ii. 150;
house of the, at Rome, ii. 201;
their coarse earthenware, ii. 202;
of the Herero, ii. 213, 214;
custom of burying alive unfaithful Vestals, ii. 228;
at Rome the wives or daughters of the kings, ii. 228;
adore the male organ, ii. 229;
rites performed by them for the fertility of the earth and the fecundity
of cattle, ii. 229, 326;
Celtic, ii. 241 _n._ 1;
Peruvian, ii. 243 _sqq._;
in Yucatan, ii. 245 _sq._

—— and pontiffs threw puppets annually into the Tiber at Rome, viii. 107

Vestini, the ancient, Midsummer fires in the territory of, x. 209

Veth, P. J., on the Golden Bough, xi. 319

Vi River, the Orotchis of the, viii. 197

Vicarious and nutritive types of sacrifice, vi. 226

—— sacrifices in ancient Babylon and on the Slave Coast, iv. 117;
in ancient Greece, iv. 165, 166 _n._ 1;
for kings, iv. 220 _sq._

—— suffering, principle of, ix. 1 _sq._

—— use of images, viii. 96 _sqq._

Victim, passing between the pieces of a sacrificial, i. 289, 289 _n._ 4

——, human, taken in procession from door to door, vii. 247

Victims give signs of inspiration by shaking themselves, i. 384 _sq._

——, human, sacrificed to man-gods, i. 386, 387;
treated as divine, vii. 250;
assimilated to gods, vii. 261 _sq._;
personating gods and goddesses in ancient Mexico, ix. 275 _sqq._;
claimed by St. John on St. John’s Day (Midsummer Day), x. 27, 29;
claimed by water at Midsummer, xi. 26 _sqq._
_See also_ Human sacrifices

Victims, sacrificial, hung on trees, v. 146;
carried round city, iii. 188

——, white, sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291, 292, 314

Victoria, the late Queen, worshipped as a deity in Orissa, i. 404

Victoria, the Wotjobaluk of, i. 206, 251 _sq._;
rain-making in, i. 251, 252;
the Wurunjeri tribe of, iii. 42;
the Kurnai of, iii. 83, 84;
the Bad Country in, iii. 109;
human hair used to cause rain by the tribes of, iii. 272;
avoidance of wife’s mother among the tribes of, iii. 345 _sq._;
difference of language between husbands and wives in some tribes of,
iii. 347 _sq._;
the Gowmditch-mara tribe of, iii. 348;
personal names rarely perpetuated among the tribes of, iii. 353 _sq._;
kinsfolk of the dead change their names in some tribes of, iii. 357;
the natives of, their observation of Canopus and the Pleiades, vii. 308;
sex totems in, xi. 217

——, aborigines of, use of magical images among the, i. 62;
their custom as to teething, i. 180;
contagious magic of footprints among the, i. 212;
mourning custom among the, iii. 182 _n._ 2;
concealment of personal names among the, iii. 321;
fear of naming the dead among the, iii. 350, 365;
changes in their vocabulary caused by their fear of naming the dead,
iii. 359 _sq._;
women’s share in the search for food among the, vii. 127 _sq._;
their custom as to emu fat, x. 13;
their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77 _sq._

——, in Vancouver’s Island, wind-stones at, i. 322

Victoria Nyanza, Lake, Kadouma near, i. 328;
Ussukuma, on the southern bank of, i. 353, iii. 260;
Mukasa, the god of the, ii. 150, vi. 257;
customs of Baganda fishermen on, iii. 194 _sq._;
the Wanyamwesi, to the south of, vii. 118;
Kiziba, to the west of, viii. 219

Victory, temple of, on the Palatine Hill at Rome, v. 265

Vicuña, reason for not eating the, viii. 140

Vidovec in Croatia, Midsummer fires at, x. 178

Viehe, Rev. G., on the huts of the Herero, ii. 213 _n._ 2;
on the fire-sticks of the Herero, ii. 218 _n._ 1;
on sacred sticks representing ancestors among the Herero, ii. 222, 223
_sq._;
on the worship of the dead among the Herero, vi. 187 _n._ 1

Vienne, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 _n._ 1;
Midsummer fires in the department of, x. 191;
the Yule log in, x. 251

Vieux-Pont, in Orne, game of ball at, ix. 183 _n._ 3

Vigil, the all-night, in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 38

Vikramaditya, legendary king of Ujjain in Western India, iv. 122 _sqq._,
132

_Vilavou_, New Year’s Men, the name given to newly initiated lads in Fiji,
xi. 244

Village, double-headed idol set up as guardian at entrance of, ii. 385;
continence at building a new, iii. 202;
tabooed at feast of first-fruits in Borneo, viii. 122;
surrounded with a ring of fire as a protection against an evil spirit,
x. 282

Village May-poles in England, ii. 66 _sqq._

Villages, expulsion of demons from, ix. 111 _sqq._
_See also_ Pile-villages

Villagomez, Pedro de, on the Peruvian Maize-mother, etc., vii. 172 _n._ 2

Vimeux, Lenten fires at, x. 113

Vine, Flamen Dialis not allowed to walk under a, iii. 14, 248;
the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, vi. 7, 112;
in relation to Dionysus, vii. 2.
_See also_ Vines

——, wild, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251

Vine-branches used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269

Vines blessed on the Assumption of the Virgin (15th August), i. 14 _sq._;
Festival of the Threshing-floor held at the pruning of the, vii. 61

Vineyards dedicated to Artemis, i. 15

Vintage, first-fruits of, offered to Icarius and Erigone, iv. 283, viii.
133;
inaugurated by priests, viii. 133;
omens of, x. 164

—— in Greece, time of, vii. 47

Vintage festival, Oschophoria, at Athens, vi. 258 _n._ 6

—— rites at Athens, vi. 238

—— song, Phoenician, vii. 216, 257

Vintagers and vine-diggers, treatment of strangers by, vii. 257 _sq._

Violence done to the rain-powers in drought, i. 296 _sqq._

Violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. 313 _sqq._

Violets sprung from the blood of Attis, v. 267

Vipers sacred to balsam trees in Arabia, xi. 44 _n._ 1

Viracocha, name applied by the Peruvian Indians to the Spaniards, i. 56,
57 _n._

Virbius, the mate of Diana at Nemi, i. 19-21, 40 _sqq._, ii. 129, 378, v.
45;
the mythical predecessor or archetype of the Kings of the Wood at Nemi,
i. 40 _sq._, ii. 129;
perhaps annually married to Diana at Nemi, ii. 129;
perhaps a local form of Jupiter, ii. 379;
etymology of the name, ii. 379 _n._ 5;
restored to life by Aesculapius, iv. 214;
interpreted as an oak-spirit, xi. 295

—— or Hippolytus killed by horses, iv. 214

—— and the horse, viii. 40 _sqq._

——, the slope of, i. 4 _n._ 5, ii. 321

Virgil, the witch in, i. 206 _n._ 4;
the story of Polydorus in, ii. 33;
on the oak-crowned kings of Alba, ii. 178;
an antiquary as well as a poet, ii. 178;
on the Capitoline hill, ii. 184;
on the primitive inhabitants of Rome, ii. 186;
on the Golden Bough, ii. 379, xi. 284 _sq._, 286, 293 _sq._, 315 _sqq._;
the enchantress in, iii. 305;
on the rustic militia of Latium, iii. 311;
on Dido’s magical rites, iii. 312;
on the game of Troy, iv. 76;
on the creation of the world, iv. 108 _sq._;
as an enchanter, viii. 281;
on the fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14

Virgin, the Assumption of the, in relation to Diana, i. 14-16;
festival of the, in the Armenian Church, i. 16;
in relation to Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1;
blesses the fruits of the earth, x. 118;
the hair of the Holy, found in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 _sq._,
191;
feast of the Nativity of the, x. 220 _sq._

—— and child supposed to sit on the Yule log, x. 253 _sq._

——, the Heavenly, mother of the Sun, v. 303

Virgin birth of Perseus, v. 302 _n._ 4

—— Mary and Isis, vi. 118 _sq._

—— Mary of Kevlaar, the pilgrimage to, i. 77

—— Mother, the Phrygian Mother Goddess as a, v. 281

——mothers, tales of, v. 264;
of gods and heroes, v. 107

—— priestesses of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38;
in Peru, Mexico, and Yucatan, ii. 243 _sqq._

Virginia, rites of initiation among the Indians of, xi. 266 _sq._

Virginity offered to rivers, ii. 162;
test of, by blowing up a flame, ii. 239 _sq._, x. 139 _n._;
sacrifice of, v. 60;
recovered by bathing in a spring, v. 280

Virgins plant and gather olives, ii. 107;
sacrificed to serpents, dragons, or other monsters, folk-tales of, ii.
155;
supposed to conceive through eating certain food, v. 96;
sacrificed to goddess in Mexico, vii. 237

Virgins of the Sun at Cuzco, x. 132

——, the Vestal, and the sacred fire, x. 136.
_See also_ Vestal Virgins _and_ Vestals

Virility, hierophant at Eleusis temporarily deprived of his, ii. 130;
sacrifice of, to Cybele, ii. 144 _sq._;
sacrifice of, in the rites of Attis and Astarte, v. 268 _sq._, 270
_sq._;
other sacrifices of, v. 270 _n._ 2;
supposed to be lost by contact with menstruous women, x. 81

_Viscum album_, common mistletoe, xi. 315 _sqq._

—— _quernum_, xi. 317

Vishnu invoked at rain-making, i. 283;
a Brahman sacrificer supposed to become, i. 380;
embodied in the _Salagrama_, a fossil ammonite, ii. 26, 27 _n._;
supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (_tulasi_), ii. 26;
mock human sacrifice in the worship of, iv. 216

Vision, charm by means of eagle’s gall to ensure good, i. 154;
sharpness of, conferred by dragon-stone, i. 165 _n._ 6

Visiter, the Christmas, among the Servians, x. 261 _sq._, 263, 264

Visve Devah, the common mob of deities, a pap of boiled grain offered to,
in ancient Hindoo ritual, viii. 120

Vitellius at Nemi, i. 5

—— and Otho, iv. 141

Viti Levu, the largest of the Fijian Islands, the drama of death and
resurrection at initiation in, xi. 243

Vitrolles, bathing at Midsummer at, v. 248, x. 194

Vitruvius, on the origin of fire among men, ii. 257 _n._

Vituperation thought to cause rain, i. 278

Vitzilipuztli or Vitzilopochtli, Mexican god, dough image of him made and
eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._;
young man annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 280 _sq._

Viza in Thrace, Carnival customs at, vi. 91, vii. 26, 28

Vizagapatam, in the Madras Presidency, human god at, i. 405;
the Kudulu tribe near, vii. 244

Vizyenos, G. M., on a Carnival custom in Thrace, vii. 25 _n._ 4, 26

Vogel Mountains, burning wheels on the first Sunday in Lent near the, x.
118

Vohumano or Vohu Manah, a Persian archangel, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Voigtland, leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 139 _n._;
locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296;
toothache nailed into trees in, ix. 59;
belief in witchcraft in, ix. 160;
witches driven away in, ix. 160;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268;
young people beat each other at Christmas in, ix. 271;
bonfires on Walpurgis Night in, x. 160;
tree and person thrown into water on St. John’s Day in, xi. 27 _sq._;
divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53;
mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 57 _sq._;
wild thyme gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 64;
precautions against witches in, xi. 73 _sq._

Volcanic eruptions supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 111

—— region of Cappadocia, v. 189 _sqq._

—— religion, v. 188 _sqq._

Volcano, criminals thrown into, ii. 111;
sacrifice of child to, iv. 218.
_See also_ Volcanoes

Volcano Bay, in Yezo, viii. 185

Volcanoes, fire perhaps first procured from, ii. 256;
the worship of, v. 216 _sqq._;
human victims thrown into, v. 219 _sq._

Volders, in the Tyrol, custom at threshing at, vii. 224

Volga, sacred groves among the tribes of the, ii. 10;
the Cheremiss of the, viii. 51, x. 181

Volksmarsen in Hesse, Easter fires at, x. 140

Volos, the beard of, name given to unreaped patches of corn in Russia,
vii. 233

Voluntary human victims at religious rites, iv. 140 _sq._, 143 _sq._, 145;
substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 145 _sq._, 273 _sqq._

_Voluspa_, the Sibyl’s prophecy in the, x. 102 _sq._

Vomiting, homoeopathic cure for, i. 84;
as a religious rite, viii. 73, 75

Voralberg, in the Tyrol, “burning the witch” on the first Sunday in Lent
at, x. 116

Vorges, near Laon, Midsummer fires at, x. 187

Vorharz, the Oats-man and Oats-woman at the harvest feast in the, vii. 163

Voroneje, in Russia, patch of rye left for Elijah at harvest at, vii. 233

Vosges, peasants of the, preserve their extracted teeth against the
resurrection, iii. 280;
disposal of cut hair and nails in the, iii. 281;
“the Dog of the harvest” in the, vii. 272;
toothache nailed into trees in the, ix. 59;
Midsummer fires in the, x. 188, 336;
the Yule log in the, x. 254;
cats burnt alive on Shrove Tuesday in the, xi. 40

——, the Upper, rule as to the shearing of sheep in, vi. 134 _n._ 3

Vosges Mountains, homoeopathic magic at sowing in the, i. 137;
May custom in the, ii. 63;
French peasants of the, their belief in St. George as protector of
flocks, ii. 334 _n._ 2;
belief as to shooting stars in the, iv. 67;
Feast of All Souls in the, vi. 69;
“to catch the Hare” at harvest in the, vii. 279;
“catching the cat” at haymaking and harvest in the, vii. 281;
dances on Twelfth Day in the, ix. 315;
the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in the, ix. 330;
Lenten fires in the, x. 109;
witches as hares in the, x. 318;
magic herbs culled on Eve of St. John in the, xi. 47

Votaries, female, of Marduk, ix. 372 _n._ 2

Votiaks (Wotyaks) of Russia, annual festivals of the dead among the, vi.
76 _sq._
_See also_ Wotyaks

Votive images among the Kusavans, i. 56 _n._ 3

—— offerings at Nemi, i. 4, 6, 12, 19, 23;
to St. Leonhard, i. 7 _sq._;
to the Virgin Mary, i. 77 _sq._

Vow, hair kept unshorn during a, iii. 261 _sq._, 285

Voyage, charm to make or mar a, i. 163;
in boats of papyrus in the rites of Osiris, vi. 88

Voyagers, fire kept burning at home in absence of, i. 121;
sympathetic taboos observed by girls in absence of, i. 126

Voyages, telepathy in, i. 126

_Vrid-eld_, need-fire in Sweden, x. 280

Vrigne-aux-Bois, in the Ardennes, mock execution of Carnival at, iv. 226

Vrtra, the dragon, conquered by Indra, in the Rigveda, iv. 106 _sq._

Vulcan, the fire-god, father of Caeculus, ii. 197, vi. 235;
the husband of Maia or Majestas, vi. 232 _sq._;
his Flamen, vi. 232

—— and Venus, vi. 231

Vulci, Etruscan tomb at, ii. 196 _n._

Vulsinii, in Etruria, nails annually knocked into the temple of Nortia at,
ix. 67

Vulture, wing-bone of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;
in divination, i. 158;
transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299.
_See also_ Vultures

——, the black, mimicked by actor or dancer among the Kobeua and Kaua
Indians of Brazil, ix. 381

Vulture’s feather in a charm, viii. 167

Vultures not to be called by their proper names, iii. 408;
lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202

Vunivalu, the War King of Fiji, iii. 21

Wa, the Wild, a tribe of Upper Burma, their custom of head-hunting for the
sake of the crops, vii. 241 _sqq._

Wa-teita, the, of East Africa, their fear of being photographed, iii. 98

Wabisa, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, their great god, vi. 174

Wabondei of East Africa, their sacrifices to baobab-trees, ii. 47;
preserve the hair and nails of dead chiefs as charms, iii. 272;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82;
their rule as to the cutting of posts for building, vi. 137;
eat hearts of lions and leopards to become brave, viii. 142

Wachsmuth, C., on Easter ceremonies in the Greek Church, v. 254

Wachtl in Moravia, drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257

Wadai, the Sultan of, conceals his face, iii. 120;
the Sultan of, must have no bodily defect, iv. 39;
ceremony of the new fire in, x. 134, 140

Waddell, L. A., on the kings of Sikhim, iii. 20;
on demonolatry in Sikhim and Tibet, ix. 94

Wade, Sir Thomas, formerly Professor of Chinese at Cambridge, iv. 273
_sq._

Wadowe, the, of German East Africa, woman’s share in agriculture among,
vii. 118;
their story of an African Balder, xi. 312

Wafiomi, of East Africa, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28

Waga-waga, in British New Guinea, changes of vocabulary caused by fear of
naming the dead at, iii. 362

Wageia, the, of German East Africa, purification of man-slayers among the,
iii. 177

Waggum, in Brunswick, the May Bride at Whitsuntide at, ii. 96

Wagogo, of German East Africa, chastity of women during absence of
warriors among the, i. 131;
their rain-making by means of black animals, i. 290 _sq._;
chiefs as rain-makers among the, i. 343;
custom observed by man-slayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1;
their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 143;
their belief in the effect of eating a totemic animal, viii. 26;
eat the hearts of lions to become brave, viii. 142;
eat the hearts of enemies to make them brave, viii. 149;
their way of getting rid of birds that infest gardens, viii. 276;
their transference of sickness, ix. 6 _sq._

Wagogo hunters, taboos observed by wives in absence of, i. 123

Wagstadt in Silesia, Judas ceremony on Wednesday before Good Friday at, x.
146 _n._ 3

Wagtail, the yellow, in magic, i. 79

Wahehe, a Bantu tribe of German East Africa, custom before marriage among
the, iii. 86 _n._;
the worship of the dead among the, vi. 188 _sqq._;
their belief in a supreme god Nguruhe, vi. 188 _sq._;
their belief that skin disease is caused by eating a totemic animal,
viii. 26

Waheia, the, of German East Africa, their belief that skin disease is
caused by eating a totemic animal, viii. 26

Wahoko, the, of Central Africa, their disposal of their cut hair and
nails, iii. 278

Wahrstedt, in Brunswick, Whitsuntide King at, ii. 85

Wahuma, the, of the Albert Nyanza Lake, their rain-making, i. 250

Wailing of women for Adonis, v. 224

Waizganthos, an old Prussian god, prayers and offerings for the growth of
the flax to, iv. 156

Wajagga, the, of German East Africa, their treatment of the corpses of
childless women, i. 142;
their charm for runners, i. 151;
their rain-making, i. 250;
mourners cut their hair among the, iii. 286;
their covenant by means of spittle, iii. 290;
their custom of leaping over a grandfather’s corpse, iii. 424;
their way of appeasing ghosts of suicides, v. 292 _n._ 3;
their human sacrifices at irrigation, vi. 38;
their way of diverting locusts from the fields, viii. 276;
plants planted at birth of infants among the, xi. 160

Wajagga warriors swallow shavings of rhinoceros hide and horn to make them
strong, viii. 143

Wak, a sky-spirit of the Borans, children and cattle sacrificed to, iv.
181

Wakamba, the, of East Africa, sacrifice to baobab-trees, ii. 46.
_See_ Akamba

_Wakan_, in the Dacotan language, mysterious, sacred, taboo, iii. 225
_n._, viii. 180 _n._ 2

Wakanda, a spirit recognized by the Omahas, iii. 187

Wakefulness, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 154, 156

Wakelbura, the, of Australia, their way of disabling ghosts, iii. 31
_sq._;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation among the, x. 78

Wakondyo (Wakondjo), the, of Central Africa, their way of obtaining rain
by means of a stone, i. 305;
their custom as to the afterbirth, xi. 162 _sq._

Walachia (or Wallachia), precautions against witches on St George’s Day
in, ii. 338;
crown of last ears of corn worn by girl at harvest in, v. 237

Walachians, herdsman’s festival on St. George’s Day among the, ii. 338
_sq._

_Walber_, a tree and a man disguised in corn-stalks, on May 2nd in
Bavaria, ii. 75, 78

Walburgis Day, the 2nd of May in the Franken Wald mountains of Bavaria,
ii. 75 _n._ 2

Waldemar I., king of Denmark, magical powers attributed to, i. 367

Wales, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 _sq._;
All Souls’ Day in, vi. 79;
harvest customs in, vii. 142 _sqq._;
the last sheaf called the Hag in, vii. 142 _sqq._;
Snake Stones in, x. 15 _sq._;
Beltane fires and cakes in, x. 155 _sq._;
Beltane fire kindled by the friction of oak-wood in, x. 155, xi. 91;
Midsummer fires in, x. 200 _sq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 229, 240 _sq._;
Hallowe’en fires in, x. 239 _sq._;
the Yule log in, x. 258;
burnt sacrifices to stop cattle-disease in, x. 301;
witches as hares in, x. 315 _n._ 1;
belief as to witches in, x. 321 _n._ 2;
bewitched things burnt in, x. 322;
divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53;
St. John’s wort used to drive away fiends in, xi. 55;
mistletoe to be shot or knocked down with stones in, xi. 82;
mistletoe gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 86, 293;
mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive in, xi. 86;
mistletoe used to dream on at Midsummer in, xi. 293.
_See also_ Welsh

Walhalla, mistletoe growing east of, x. 101.
_See also_ Valhalla

Walking over fire as a rite, xi. 3 _sqq._

Wall, Roman ceremony of knocking nails into a, ix. 65 _sqq._
_See also_ Walls

Wallace, A. R., on women’s work among the tribes of the Uaupes River, vii.
121 _sq._

Wallace, Sir Donald Mackenzie, on the Russian sect of the Christs, i. 407
_sq._

Wallachia. _See_ Walachia

Wallis Island, tabooed persons not allowed to handle food in, iii. 140

Walls of houses beaten to expel ghosts, iii. 170;
maladies and devils nailed into, ix. 62 _sqq._;
fortified, of the ancient Gauls, x. 267 _sq._

Walnut, branches of, passed across Midsummer fires and fastened on
cattle-sheds, x. 191

Walo, on the Senegal, the king of, not to be seen eating, iii. 118

Walos of Senegambia, their royal family thought to possess the power of
healing by touch, i. 370 _sq._;
their belief as to sort of mistletoe, xi. 79 _sq._

Walpi, Pueblo Indian village, use of bull-roarers at, xi. 231

Walpurgis Day, the 1st of May, charred sticks of Judas fire planted in the
fields on, x. 143

—— Night (the Eve of May Day), dances on, to make flax grow tall, i. 138,
139 _n._;
precautions against witches on, ii. 52, 54, 55, xi. 20 _n._;
milk and butter stolen by witches on, ii. 127;
witches abroad on, ix. 158 _sqq._, x. 159 _sq._;
annual expulsion of witches on, ix. 159 _sqq._;
dances for the crops on, ix. 238;
a witching time, x. 295;
witches active on, xi. 73, 74

Walrus, taboos concerning, among the Esquimaux, iii. 208 _sq._

Walton, Izaak, on Lapland witches, i. 326 _n._ 2

Wamara, a worshipful dead king in Kiziba, vi. 174

Wambuba, the, of Central Africa, carry fire on the march, ii. 255

Wambugwe of East Africa, their rain-charm by means of black animals, i.
290;
sorcerers as chiefs among the, i. 342;
their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65

Wamegi, the, of German East Africa, their human sacrifices at harvest and
sowing, vii. 240

Wand, magic, made from a tree growing on a grave, ii. 33

Wandorobbo, of East Africa, their continence at brewing poison, iii. 200
_sq._

_Wangala_, harvest-festival of the Garos, viii. 337 _sq._

Wangen in Baden, bonfire and burning discs on the first Sunday in Lent at,
x. 117

Wanigela River, in New Guinea, purification of manslayers among tribes on
the, iii. 167 _sq._;
preparations for fishing turtle and dugong among the tribes of the, iii.
192

Waniki, the, of East Africa, their belief in the spirits of trees, ii. 12;
their reverence for coco-nut palms, ii. 16;
their mode of killing their cattle, iii. 247

Waning of the moon, theories to account for the, vi. 130;
time for felling timber, vi. 135 _sqq._

Wannefeld, in the Altmark, the last stalks at reaping left for the He-goat
at, vii. 287

Wanyamwesi, the, of Central Africa, iii. 109;
their belief in the association of twins with water, i. 268 _sq._;
ceremony observed by them on return from a journey, iii. 112;
their custom as to personal names, iii. 330;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 118;
their propitiation of slain elephants, viii. 227;
their practice of adding to heaps of sticks or stones, ix. 11 _n._ 1;
their belief as to wounded crocodiles, xi. 210 _n._ 1

Wanyoro (Banyoro), the, of Central Africa, their disposal of their cut
hair and nails, iii. 278.
_See_ Banyoro

Wanzleben, near Magdeburg, man called the Wolf at threshing at, vii. 274
_sq._

War, use of twins in, i. 49 _n._ 3;
telepathy in, i. 126 _sqq._;
continence in, iii. 157, 158 _n._ 1, 161, 163, 164, 165;
rules of ceremonial purity observed in, iii. 157 _sqq._;
hair kept unshorn in, iii. 261;
sacrifice of a blind bull before going to, vi. 250 _sq._

“——, the sleep of,” among the Black foot Indians, ii. 147

War chief, or war king, iii. 20, 21, 24

—— -dance of villagers round victor, iii. 169;
of manslayers on their return, iii. 170, 178;
of old men round manslayer, iii. 182;
of king before the ghosts of his ancestors, vi. 192;
at festival of new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 79

—— -god, dog sacrificed to, i. 173

Ward, Professor H. Marshall, on the respective hardness of ivy and laurel,
ii. 252;
on the artificial fertilization of the fig, ii. 315 _n._ 1

Ward, Professor James, as to Hegel’s views on magic and religion, i. 423

Warlock, the invulnerable, stories of, xi. 97 _sqq._

Warm food tabooed, iii. 189

Warner, Mr., on Caffre ideas about lightning, vi. 177 _n._ 1

Warramunga, the, of Central Australia, their magical ceremonies for the
multiplication of their totems, i. 89;
their custom at subincision, i. 93;
custom observed by Warramunga women while the men are fighting each
other with torches, i. 94;
knocking out of teeth among the, i. 99;
their homoeopathic charm to catch euros, i. 162;
their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 181;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 183;
believe certain trees to be inhabited by disembodied human spirits, ii.
34;
their propitiation of a mythical water-snake, ii. 156;
will not call the mythical snake Wollunqua by its proper name, iii. 384;
their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 100;
their tradition of purification by fire, v. 180 _n._ 2;
their cure for headache, ix. 2

Warrior Island, Torres Straits. _See_ Tud

Warriors tabooed, iii. 157 _sqq._, x. 5;
worship their weapons, ix. 90

Warts supposed to be affected by the moon, vi. 149;
transferred to other people, ix. 48 _sq._;
transferred to the moon, ix. 54;
transferred to an ash-tree, ix. 57

Warua, their seclusion at meals, iii. 117;
unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329

Warundi, the, of East Africa, custom as to girls at puberty among the,
iii. 225 _n._

Warwickshire, Arden in, ii. 7 _sq._;
the Queen of May in, ii. 88;
the Yule log in, x. 257

Washamba, the, of German East Africa, dance and deposit stones at
dangerous places, ix. 29;
their custom at circumcision, xi. 183

Washing forbidden for magical reasons during a rhinoceros-hunt, i. 115,
during husband’s absence, i. 122,
during heavy rain, i. 253;
practised as a rain-charm, i. 253;
practised as a ceremonial purification by the Jews after reading the
scripture, viii. 27,
by the Jewish high priest after the sin-offering, viii. 27,
by the Greeks after expiatory sacrifices, viii. 27, 85,
by the Parjas after killing a totemic animal, viii. 27 _sq._,
by the Matabele at eating the new fruits, viii. 71,
by the Esquimaux before a change of diet, viii. 84, 85,
by the Basutos after the slaughter of foes, viii. 149.
_See also_ Bathing

—— and bathing forbidden to rain-doctor when he wishes to prevent rain
from falling, i. 271, 272

—— the feet of strangers, iii. 108

—— the head, customs as to, in Siam, Burma, ancient Persia, ancient Rome,
and Peru, iii. 253

Washington group of the Marquesas Islands, seclusion of man-slayers in
the, iii. 178.
_See also_ Marquesas

—— State, rain-charm in, i. 309;
the Twana Indians of, iii. 58;
the Klallam Indians of, iii. 354;
the Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam tribes of, iii. 365;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of, x. 43

Wasmes, processions with torches on the first and second Sundays in Lent
at, x. 108

Wasp, external soul of enchanter in a, xi. 143

Wasps in homoeopathic magic, i. 152;
young men stung with, as an ordeal before marriage among the Roocooyen
Indians, ix. 263, x. 63

Wassailing on Eve of Twelfth Day in Herefordshire for the sake of the
crops, ix. 319

Wassgow mountains, the need-fire as a remedy for cattle-plague in the, x.
271

Wata, a caste of hunters in East Africa, children of the Borans sent away
to be reared by the, iv. 181

Wataturu, the, of East Africa, their chiefs sorcerers, i. 342 _sq._;
their rule as to partaking of flesh and milk, viii. 84

Watchandie woman, in Australia, her fear of naming the dead, iii. 350

Watchdogs, charm to silence, i. 149

Water not to be touched by people at home in absence of hunters, i. 120;
splashed by wife in absence of her husband, i. 120 _sq._;
sprinkled as rain-charm, i. 248 _sqq._;
poured on graves as a rain-charm, i. 268, 286;
puppet representing the tree-spirit thrown into, ii. 75, 76;
serpent or dragon of, ii. 155 _sqq._;
conspicuous part played by, in the Midsummer festival, ii. 273, v. 246
_sqq._, x. 172, 205 _sq._, 216, xi. 26 _sqq._;
poured as a rain-charm, iii. 154 _sq._;
not allowed to touch the lips, iii. 160;
to be called by another name in brewing, iii. 395;
effigies of Death thrown into the, iv. 234 _sqq._, 246 _sq._;
thrown on the last corn cut as a rain-charm, v. 237 _sq._;
marvellous properties attributed to, at Midsummer (the festival of St.
John), v. 246 _sqq._, x. 172, 205 _sq._, 216, xi. 29 _sqq._;
used to wash away sins, ix. 39;
not to cross, in ritual, ix. 58;
from sacred wells, x. 12;
menstruous women not to go near, x. 77;
consecrated at Easter, x. 122 _sqq._, 125;
turned to wine at Easter, x. 124;
improved by charred sticks of Midsummer fires, x. 184;
at Midsummer, people drenched with, x. 193 _sq._;
heated in need-fire and sprinkled on cattle, x. 289;
claims human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26 _sqq._;
haunted and dangerous at Midsummer, xi. 31

—— and Fire, kings of, in the backwoods of Cambodia, ii. 3 _sqq._

——, holy, sprinkling with, iii. 285 _sq._;
a protection against witches, ix. 158, 164 _sq._

—— of Life, Ishtar sprinkled with the, in the lower world, v. 9;
prince restored to life by the, in a folk-tale, xi. 114 _sq._

——, prophetic, drunk on St. John’s Eve, v. 247

——, rites of, at Midsummer festival in Morocco, x. 216;
at New Year in Morocco, x. 218

—— of springs and wells thought to acquire medicinal qualities on
Midsummer Eve, x. 172, 205 _sq._

Water-bird, a Whitsuntide mummer, iv. 207 _n._ 1

“—— -carriers,” maidens called, at Athens, viii. 5

—— -cross, a stone cross in Uist, used in rain-ceremonies, i. 308

—— -dragon, drama of the slaying of the, at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78

—— -fowl, migratory, as representatives of the Old Woman of maize, vii.
204 _sq._

—— -lilies, charms to make water-lilies grow, i. 95, 97, 98

—— nymphs, fertilizing virtue of, ii. 162

—— -ousel, heart of, eaten to make the eater wise and eloquent, viii. 144

—— -spirits, propitiation of, ii. 76;
women married to, ii. 150 _sqq._;
sacrifices to, ii. 155 _sqq._;
as beneficent beings, ii. 159;
bestow offspring on women, ii. 159 _sqq._;
danger of, iii. 94;
offerings to, at Midsummer, xi. 28

—— totem among the Arunta, rain made by men of the, i. 259 _sq._

Waterbrash, a Huzul cure for, vi. 149 _sq._

Waterfalls, spirits of, ii. 156, 157

Watford, in Hertfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 61

Watubela Islands, treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 187

Watuta, the, an African tribe of freebooters, iii. 109

Wave accompanying earthquake, v. 202 _sq._

Waves, water from nine, in cure, xi. 186 _sq._

Wawamba, the, of Central Africa, their way of making rain by means of a
stone, i. 305

Wawanga, tribe of Mount Elgon, in British East Africa, their kings not
allowed to die a natural death, iv. 287 (in Second Impression)

Wax melted to cause love, i. 77

Wax figures in magic, i. 66, 67, iii. 74, ix. 47

Waxen models of the human body or of parts of it as votive offerings, i.
77 _sq._

Wayanas of French Guiana, ordeals among the, x. 63 _sq._

Waziguas of East Africa do not call the lion by his proper name, iii. 400

Wealds of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, ii. 7

Wealth acquired by magicians, i. 347, 348, 351, 352

Weaning of children, belief as to the, in Angus, vi. 148

Weapon and wound, contagious magic of, i. 201 _sqq._

Weapons, prayers to, i. 132;
sharp, tabooed, iii. 237 _sqq._;
of man-slayers, purification of, iii. 172, 182, 219;
turned against spiritual foes, ix. 233

Weariness transferred to stones or sticks, ix. 8 _sqq._;
attributed to an evil spirit in the body, ix. 12;
magical plants placed in shoes a charm against, xi. 54, 60.
_See also_ Fatigue

Weasels, superstition of farmers as to, viii. 275

Weather, the magical control of the, i. 244 _sqq._;
of the twelve months determined by the weather of the Twelve Days, ix.
322 _sqq._

Weather doctors in Melanesia, i. 321

Weaver, the wicked, of Rotenburg, xi. 289 _sq._

Weavers, the Kaikolans, a caste of, v. 62

Weaving forbidden during absence of warriors, i. 131;
homoeopathic charm to ensure skill in, i. 154 _sq._

Weber, A., on origin of the Twelve Days, ix. 325 _n._ 3

Wedau, in New Guinea, the chief of, a sorcerer, i. 338

Wedding rings amulets against witchcraft, iii. 314, 314 _sq._

Weeks, Rev. J. H., on inconsistency of savage thought, v. 5 _n._;
on the names for the supreme god among many tribes of Africa, vi. 186
_n._ 5;
on the fear of the spirits of the dead among the Boloki, ix. 76 _sq._;
on the fear of witchcraft among the natives of the Congo, ix. 77 _n._ 2;
on rites of initiation on the Lower Congo, xi. 255 _n._ 1

Weeping of the women of Jerusalem for Tammuz, vi. 11;
for the gods, Xenophanes on the custom of, vi. 42;
of savages for the animals and plants they kill, vi. 43;
of sowers, vi. 45;
of Karok Indians at hewing sacred wood, vi. 47 _sq._;
of oxen an omen of good crops, viii. 9;
at slaughter of worshipful bear, viii. 189;
at thanksgiving for the crops, ix. 293;
of girls at puberty, x. 24, 29.
_See also_ Tears

Weevils, spared by Esthonian peasants, viii. 274

Weiden, in Bavaria, cutter of last sheaf tied up in it at, vii. 139

Weidenhausen, in Westphalia, the Yule log at, x. 248

_Weidulut_, heathen priest among the old Prussians, vii. 288

Weights and measures, false, corrected after an earthquake, v. 201 _sq._;
corrected in time of epidemic, ix. 115

Weihaiwei, in Northern China, ceremony of “the Beginning of Spring” in the
cities nearest to, viii. 11

Weinhold, K., as to the sacrifice of a king’s son every ninth year, v. 57
_n._ 2;
on the superstitions connected with the Twelve Nights, ix. 327 _n._ 4

Weitensfeld, in Carinthia, bride-race at, ii. 304

_Wellalaick_, festival of the dead among the Letts, vi. 74

Wellhausen, J., on Arab rain-charm, i. 303

Wells cleansed as rain-charm, i. 267, 323;
married to the holy basil, ii. 26 _sq._;
bestow offspring on women, ii. 160 _sq._;
divination by means of, ii. 345;
sacred, in Scotland, x. 12;
menstruous women kept from x. 81, 96 _sq._;
charred sticks of Midsummer fires thrown into, x. 184;
crowned with flowers at Midsummer, xi. 28

——, goddess of, married to a wooden image of a god, ii. 146

——, holy, resorted to on Midsummer Eve in Ireland, x. 205 _sq._

——, the Lord of the, at Fulda on Midsummer Day, xi. 28

Welsh, Miss, on the custom of the _churn_ in the north of Ireland, vii.
155 _n._ 1

Welsh cure for cough by transferring it to a dog, ix. 51;
by crawling under a bramble, xi. 180;
by passing under an ass, xi. 192 _n._ 1

—— custom of sin-eating, ix. 43 _sq._

—— name, alleged, for mistletoe, xi. 286 _n._ 3.
_See also_ Wales

Wemba, the, of Rhodesia, punishment of adultery among, viii. 158.
_See_ Awemba

Wen-Ammon, Egyptian traveller, at Byblus, v. 14, 75 _sq._

—— -chow, city in China, iv. 43

Wend cure for jaundice, i. 81.
_See also_ Wends

Wendland, P., on the crucifixion of Christ, ix. 412 _sq._, 415, 418 _n._ 1

Wends, their superstition as to oaks, ii. 55;
their ancient custom of killing and eating the old, iv. 14;
call the last sheaf the Old Man, vii. 138;
the Harvest-cock among the, vii. 276;
their faith in Midsummer herbs, xi. 54

—— of Saxony, their custom of the May-tree, ii. 69;
say that the man who gives the last stroke at threshing “has struck the
Old Man,” vii. 149;
their precautions against witches on Walpurgis Day, ix. 163;
their idea as to wood of trees struck by lightning, xi. 297

—— of the Spreewald gather herbs and flowers at Midsummer, xi. 48;
their belief as to the divining-rod, xi. 68 _n._ 4

Wensleydale, in Yorkshire, the Yule log in, x. 256

Werboutz, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277

Were-tigers in China and the East Indies, x. 310 _sq._, 313 _n._ 1

—— -wolf, how a man becomes a, x. 310 _n._ 1;
story in Petronius, x. 313 _sq._

—— -wolves in Livonia, belief as to, iii. 42;
active during the Twelve Days, ix. 164;
compelled to resume their human shape by wounds inflicted on them, x.
308 _sqq._;
put to death, x. 311;
and the full moon, x. 314 _n._ 1;
and witches, parallelism between, x. 315, 321

Wermland, in Sweden, treatment of strangers on the threshing-floor in,
vii. 230;
grain of last sheaf baked in a girl-shaped loaf in, viii. 48

Werner, Miss Alice, on the sanctity of the wild fig-tree in Africa, ii.
317 _n._ 1;
on a soul-box in Africa, xi. 156 _n._ 1;
on African Balders, xi. 314

Wernicke, on the character of Artemis, i. 35 _sq._

West, Oriental religions in the, v. 298 _sqq._

West Indian Islands, precaution as to spittle in the, iii. 289

Westenberg, J. C., on the Batta theory of souls, xi. 223 _n._ 2

Westerhüsen in Saxony, last corn cut at harvest made up like a woman at,
vii. 134

Westermann, D., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, vi. 165

Westermarck, Dr. E., as to king-killing on the Blue Nile, iv. 16 _n._ 1;
on annual mock sultans in Morocco, iv. 153 _n._ 1;
on the reason for killing the first-born, iv. 189 _n._ 2;
on the hereditary holiness of kings, iv. 204 _n._ 2;
on the tug-of-war in Morocco, ix. 180;
on New Year rites in Morocco, x. 218;
on Midsummer festival in North Africa, x. 219;
his theory that the fires of the fire-festivals are purificatory, x. 329
_sq._;
on water at Midsummer, xi. 31

Westphalia, the Whitsuntide Bride in, ii. 96;
the Femgericht in, ii. 321;
sacred oaks in, ii. 371;
the last sheaf called the Great Mother in, vii. 135 _sq._, 138;
the _hörkelmei_ at harvest in, vii. 147 _n._ 1;
the Harvest-cock in, vii. 276 _sq._, 277 _sq._;
children warned against the Fox in the corn at Ravensberg in, vii. 296;
fox carried from house to house in spring in, vii. 297;
custom of “quickening” cattle on May Morning in, ix. 266;
Easter fires in, x. 140;
the Yule log in, x. 248;
divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 61;
camomile gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63;
the Midsummer log of oak in, xi. 92 _n._ 1

Westphalian form of the expulsion of evil, ix. 159 _n._ 1

Wetar (Wetter), East Indian island, stabbing people’s shadows in, iii. 78;
fear of women’s blood in, iii. 251;
leprosy supposed to be caused by eating of a sacred animal in, viii. 25

Wetter, East Indian island, no fire after a death in, ii. 268 _n._
_See also_ Wetar

Wetteren, wicker giants carried in procession at, xi. 35

_Wetterpfähle_, oak sticks charred in Easter bonfires, x. 145

Wetting people with water as a rain-charm, i. 250, 251, 269 _sq._, 272,
273, 274, 275, 277 _sq._, ii. 77, v. 237 _sqq._;
the last corn cut, as a rain-charm, v. 237 _sq._;
ploughmen and sowers as a rain-charm, v. 238 _sq._

Weverham, in Cheshire, May-poles at, ii. 70 _sq._

Wexford, in Leinster, great fair formerly held at, iv. 100;
Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Whakatane valley in New Zealand, _hinau_ tree thought to make barren women
fertile in the, i. 182

Whale, solemn burial of dead, iii. 223;
represented dramatically as a mystery, ix. 377.
_See also_ Whales

Whale-fishing, telepathy in, i. 121

Whale’s ghost, fear of injuring, iii. 205

Whalers, taboos observed by, iii. 191 _sq._, 205 _sqq._;
their bodies cut up and used as charms, vi. 106

Whales not mentioned by their proper names, iii. 398;
ceremonies observed after the slaughter of, viii. 232 _sqq._;
worshipped by the Indians of Peru, viii. 249

Whalton, in Northumberland, Midsummer fires at, x. 198

Wheat, charm at sowing, i. 137;
offerings of, at Lammas, iv. 101;
forced for festival, v. 243, 244, 251 _sq._, 253;
thrown on the man who brings in the Christmas log, x. 260, 262, 264;
protected against mice by mugwort, xi. 58 _sq._

—— and barley, the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, vi. 7;
discovered by Isis, vi. 116

Wheat-bride, name given to the last sheaf of wheat and to the woman who
binds it, vii. 162, 163

Wheat-cock, the last sheaf at harvest called the, vii. 276

—— -cow, the man who cuts the last ears of wheat at harvest called the,
vii. 289

—— -dog, the man who cuts or binds the last sheaf called the, vii. 272

—— -goat, at cutting the last corn, vii. 282

—— -harvest, time of, in ancient Greece, vii. 48

—— -mallet, the man who gives the last stroke at threshing called the,
vii. 148

—— -man, said to be killed by the last stroke at threshing, vii. 223

—— -mother, name given to wreath made out of last stalks at harvest, vii.
135

—— -pug, name given to man who gives the last stroke at threshing, vii.
273

—— -sow, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 298

—— -sowing, ceremony at, among the tribes of Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 _sq._

—— -wolf, thought to be in the last bunch of standing corn, vii. 273;
effigy of wolf made out of the last sheaf of wheat, vii. 274

Wheaten flour, the Flamen Dialis not allowed to touch, iii. 13

Wheel, magic, spun by witch in an enchantment, iii. 270;
effigy of Death attached to a, iv. 247;
fire kindled by the rotation of a, x. 177, 179, 270, 273, 289 _sq._,
292, 335 _sq._, xi. 91;
as a symbol of the sun, x. 334 _n._ 1, 335;
as a charm against witchcraft, x. 345 _n._ 3

Wheels, burning, rolled down hill, x. 116, 117 _sq._, 119, 141, 143, 161,
162 _sq._, 163 _sq._, 166, 173, 174, 201, 328, 334, 337 _sq._,
338;
thrown into the air at Midsummer, x. 179;
rolled over fields at Midsummer to fertilize them, x. 191, 340 _sq._;
perhaps intended to burn witches, x. 345

Wherry, Mrs., as to Lenten fires in Belgium, x. 108 _n._ 2;
as to processions with effigies of giants, xi. 36 _n._ 1

Whetham, W. C. D., on atomic disintegration, viii. 305 _n._ 2

Whip made of human skin used in ceremonies for the prolongation of the
king’s life, vi. 224, 225.
_See also_ Whips

Whipping people on Senseless Thursday in the Tyrol, ix. 248 _sq._;
to rid them of ghosts, ix. 260 _sqq._
_See also_ Beating

Whips used in the expulsion of demons and witches, ix. 156, 159, 160, 161,
165, 214;
used by maskers, ix. 243, 244;
cracked to make the flax grow, ix. 248;
cracked to drive away witches, xi. 74

Whirling or turning round, custom of, observed by mummers, i. 273, 275,
ii. 74, 80, 81, 87

Whirlwind, attacking the, i. 329 _sqq._

Whirlwinds thought to be demons or spirits, i. 331 _n._ 2

Whit-Monday, custom observed by Russian girls on, ii. 80;
the Leaf King at Hildesheim on, ii. 85;
the King in Bohemia on, ii. 85;
the king’s game on, ii. 89, 103;
custom of rolling down a slope on, ii. 103;
pretence of beheading leaf-clad man on, iv. 207 _sq._;
pretence of beheading the king on, iv. 209 _sqq._
_See also_ Whitsuntide

Whitby, All Souls’ Day at, vi. 79;
the Yule log at, x. 256

White, Rev. G. E., on dervishes of Asia Minor, v. 170;
on passing through a ring of red-hot iron, xi. 186;
on passing sheep through a rifted rock, xi. 189 _sq._

White, Miss Rachel Evelyn (Mrs. Wedd), on the position of women in ancient
Egypt, vi. 214 _n._ 1, 216 _n._ 1

White, faces and bodies of man-slayers painted, iii. 175, 186 _n._ 1;
widows painted, iii. 178 _n._ 1;
lion-killer painted, iii. 220;
the colour of Upper Egypt, vi. 21 _n._ 1;
as a colour to repel demons, ix. 115

—— and black in relation to human scapegoats, ix. 220;
figs worn by human scapegoats, ix. 253, 257, 272

White birds, souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 162;
ten, external soul in, xi. 142

—— bull, soul of a dead king incarnate in a, vi. 164

—— bulls sacrificed to Jupiter, ii. 188 _sq._;
sacrificed by Druids at cutting the mistletoe, ii. 189, xi. 77

—— chalk, bodies of newly initiated lads coated with, xi. 241

—— clay, Caffre boys at circumcision smeared with, iii. 156;
people smeared with, at festival, viii. 75;
bodies of novices at initiation smeared with, xi. 255 _n._ 1, 257

—— cloth, fern-seed caught in a, x. 65, xi. 291;
springwort caught in a, x. 70;
mistletoe caught in a, xi. 77, 293;
used to catch the Midsummer bloom of the oak, xi. 292, 293

—— cloths in homoeopathic magic, i. 137

—— cock buried at boundary, iii. 109;
disease transferred to, ix. 187;
as scapegoat, ix. 210 _n._ 4;
burnt in Midsummer bonfire, xi. 40

White crosses made by the King of the Bean, ix. 314

—— Crown of Upper Egypt, vi. 20, 21 _n._ 1;
worn by Osiris, vi. 87

—— dog, Iroquois sacrifice of a, viii. 258 _n._ 2, ix. 127, 209

—— god and black god among the Slavs, ix. 92

—— herb, external souls of two brothers in a, xi. 143

—— horse, effigy of, carried through Midsummer fire, x. 203

—— horses sacrificed to Diomede, i. 27;
used to draw triumphal car of Camillus, ii. 174 _n._ 2;
sacred among the Aryans, ii. 174 _n._ 2

—— Maize, Goddess of the, in Mexico, lepers sacrificed to her, vii. 261

—— mice spared by Bohemian peasants, viii. 279, 283;
under the altar of Apollo, viii. 283

—— Nile, the Dinkas of the, ix. 193

—— ox, sacrament of, among the Abchases, viii. 313 _n._ 1

—— poplar, the, at Olympia, ii. 220, xi. 90 _n._ 1, 91 _n._ 7

—— ram, consecration of a, among the Kalmucks, viii. 313 _sq._

—— and red wool in ceremony of the expulsion of evils, ix. 208

—— roses dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, v. 226

—— sails that turned black, ix. 202

—— snake eaten to acquire supernatural knowledge, viii. 146

—— Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent and the first Sunday after Easter, x.
11 _n._ 1

—— thorn, a charm against witches, ii. 53, 191

—— victims sacrificed for sunshine, i. 291, 292, 314

Whiteborough, tumulus near Launceston, Midsummer fires on, ii. 141, x. 199

Whitekirk, St. Mary’s well at, ii. 161

Whitethorn a protection against witches, ii. 53, 191

Whiteway, R. S., on custom of regicide in Bengal and Sumatra, iv. 51 _n._
2

Whitsun-bride in Denmark, ii. 91 _sq._

Whitsunday, dragon carried in procession at Tarascon on, ii. 170 _n._ 1

Whitsuntide, rain-charms at, ii. 47;
races, ii. 69, 84;
contests for the kingship at, ii. 84, 89;
rolling down a slope at, ii. 103;
cattle first driven out to pasture at, ii. 127 _n._ 2, iv. 207 _n._ 1;
drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257;
ceremonies concerned with vegetation at, ix. 359

Whitsuntide Basket in Frickthal, ii. 83

—— Bride, the, ii. 89, 91 _sq._, 96

—— Bridegroom, the, ii. 91

—— customs in Brunswick, ii. 56 _n._ 3, 85, 96;
in Holland, ii. 80, 104;
in Russia, ii. 64, 79 _sq._, 93

—— crown, the, ii. 64, 89 _sq._, 91

—— Flower, ii. 80

—— King, ii. 84 _sqq._, 89, 90, iv. 209 _sqq._
_See also_ Whit-Monday

—— -lout, the, ii. 81

—— Man, the Little, ii. 81

—— Mummers, iv. 206 _sqq._

—— Queen, ii. 87, 89 _sq._, iv. 210

Whittled sticks in religious rites, viii. 185, 186 _n._, 192, 196, 278,
ix. 261

Whittlesey in Cambridgeshire, the Straw-bear at, viii. 328 _sq._

Whooping-cough cured by crawling under a bramble, xi. 180;
Bulgarian cure for, by crawling under the root of a willow, xi. 181;
child passed under an ass as a cure for, xi. 192

Whydah, on the Slave Coast, human sacrifices by drowning at, ii. 158;
expiation for the slaughter of a sacred python at, iii. 222;
the doctrine of reincarnation at, iv. 188;
serpents fed with milk at, v. 86 _n._ 1;
snakes sacred at, viii. 287

—— (Fida), in Guinea, king of, rule as to his drinking, iii. 129;
his worship of serpents, v. 67;
the hoeing and sowing of his fields, ix. 234

Wicked after death, fate of the, in Egyptian religion, vi. 14

Wicked Sower, driving away the, on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 107, 118

Wicken (rowan) tree, a protection against witchcraft, x. 326, 327 _n._ 1
_See also_ Rowan

Wicker giants at popular festivals in Europe, xi. 33 _sqq._;
burnt in summer bonfires, xi. 38

Widow, claim to kingdom through marriage with the late king’s, ii. 281
_sqq._; iv. 193;
re-marriage of, in Salic law, ii. 285 _sq._

——, bald-headed, in cure, ix. 38

Widow-burning in Greece, v. 177 _n._ 3

Widowed Flamen, the, vi. 227 _sqq._

Widows painted white, iii. 178 _n._ 1;
wear skull-caps of clay, iii. 182 _n._ 2;
cleansing of, ix. 35 _sq._;
drag plough round village in time of epidemic, ix. 172

—— and widowers, mourning customs observed by, iii. 142 _sq._, 144 _sq._;
not allowed to eat fresh salmon, viii. 253 _sq._

Wied, Prince of, on the objection of Indians to have their portraits
taken, iii. 96 _sq._

Wiedemann, Professor Alfred, on the confusion of religion and magic in
ancient Egypt, i. 230 _sq._;
on Wen-Ammon, v. 76 _n._ 1;
on the Egyptian name of Isis, vi. 50 _n._ 4, viii. 35 _n._ 4

Wiedingharde, in Schleswig, custom at threshing at, vii. 230

Wieland’s House, name given to certain labyrinths used for children’s
games in Northern Europe, iv. 77