Chapter XXVII: Part 27

—— fires, x. 160 _sqq._;
and couples in relation to vegetation, v. 250 _sq._;
leaping over the fires to make flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251;
in Germany, x. 163 _sqq._;
in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, x. 171 _sq._;
in Austria, x. 173 _sqq._;
cows driven through, to guard them against witchcraft, x. 175, 176, 185,
188;
regarded as a protection against witchcraft, x. 176, 180;
in Russia and Lithuania, x. 176 _sqq._;
among the Magyars, x. 178 _sq._;
among the Esthonians, x. 179 _sq._;
in Finland and among the Cheremiss, x. 180 _sq._;
in France, x. 181 _sqq._;
in Belgium, x. 194 _sqq._;
in England, x. 196 _sqq._;
in Wales, x. 156, 200 _sq._;
in Ireland, x. 201 _sqq._;
in Scotland, x. 206 _sq._;
in Spain and the Azores, x. 208 _sq._;
in Italy, x. 209 _sq._;
in Malta, x. 210 _sq._;
in Greece, the Greek islands, and Macedonia, x. 211 _sq._;
in America, x. 212 _sq._;
among the Mohammedans of North Africa, x. 213 _sqq._;
animals burnt in the, xi. 38 _sqq._
_See also_ Cattle _and_ Leaping

Midsummer flowers and plants used as talismans against witchcraft, xi. 72

—— Men, orpine, xi. 61

—— morning, church bells rung on, to drive away witches, ii. 127

—— mummers clad in green fir branches, xi. 25 _sq._

—— solstice, rain-making ceremony performed at the, viii. 179.
_See also_ Solstice

—— tree burned in Bohemia, ii. 66

Midwinter fires, x. 246 _sqq._

Migrations of princes in ancient Greece a trace of female descent of the
kingship, ii. 278 _sq._

Mijatovich, Chedo, on the _Zadrooga_ or Servian house-community, x. 259
_n._ 1

Mikado, the, an incarnation of the sun goddess, i. 417, iii. 2;
rules of life of, iii. 3 _sqq._;
not allowed to set foot on ground, iii. 3, x. 2 _sq._;
the sun not allowed to shine on him, iii. 3, x. 18 _sq._;
supposed effect of using his dishes or clothes, iii. 131;
custom as to cutting his hair and nails, iii. 265;
his absolution and remission of sins, ix. 213 _n._ 1

Mikados, their relations to the Tycoons, iii. 19;
human sacrifices formerly offered at the graves of the, iv. 218

Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, on the ignorance of the art of making fire on the
Maclay coast of New Guinea, ii. 253 _sq._;
on protective ceremony in New Guinea, iii. 109

Milan, alleged incarnation of the Holy Ghost at, i. 409;
festival of the Three Kings of Twelfth Day at, ix. 331

Milcom, the god of Ammon, v. 19

Mildew worshipped by the Romans, viii. 282

Mildew Apollo, viii. 282

Milk, offered at graves, i. 287, v. 87;
stolen by witches from cows on Walpurgis Night or May Day (Beltane), ii.
52 _sqq._, ix. 267, x. 154;
stolen by witches from cows on Midsummer Eve, ii. 127, x. 176 _sq._,
185, xi. 74;
poured on grave of ancestor, ii. 223;
offered to the fig-tree of Romulus, ii. 318;
stolen by witches on Eve of St. George, ii. 334 _sqq._;
not given away on St. George’s Eve, ii. 339;
customs observed when the king of Unyoro drinks, iii. 119;
not drunk by those who have handled a corpse, iii. 141;
not to be drunk by wounded men, iii. 174 _sq._;
consecrated by lying-in woman, iii. 225 _n._;
wine called, iii. 249 _n._ 2;
serpents fed with, v. 84 _sqq._, 87;
omens from boiling, viii. 56, xi. 8;
taboos referring to, viii. 83 _sq._;
temporary abstinence from, viii. 161;
offered to snakes, viii. 288;
heifers beaten to make them yield, ix. 266 _sq._;
girls at puberty forbidden to drink, x. 22, 30, 38;
poured on fire-place, x. 30;
not to be drunk by menstruous women, x. 80, 84;
stolen by witches from cows, x. 343;
libations of, poured on fire, xi. 8, 9;
libations of, poured into a stream, xi. 9;
poured on sick cattle, xi. 13

Milk and butter stolen from cow’s by witches at Midsummer, ii. 127, x.
185;
thought to be improved by the Midsummer fires, x. 180;
witchcraft fatal to, xi. 86

—— and cattle, importance of, for the early Italians, ii. 324

—— of cows, charm to increase the, i. 198 _sq._;
chiefs held responsible for the, i. 354;
thought to be promoted by green boughs on May Day, ii. 52

—— and meat (flesh), dietary rules as to, iii. 292, viii. 83 _sq._

—— of pig thought to cause leprosy, viii. 24, 25

——, women’s, promoted by milk-stones, i. 165

Milk pails wreathed with garlands on May Day, ii. 52;
wreathed with rowan on May Day, ii. 53;
wreathed with flowers on St. George’s Day, ii. 338, 339

—— -stones, magical, produce milk, i. 165

—— -tie as a bond of kinship, xi. 138 _n._ 1

—— -tree not to be cut while the corn is in the ground, ii. 49

—— -vessels not to be touched by menstruous women, x. 80

Milking cows as a rain-charm, i. 284;
through a hole in a branch or a “witch’s nest,” xi. 185

Milkmaids on May Day, dance of, ii. 52

Milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine, i. 402 _sq._;
taboos observed by, iii. 15 _sqq._

Milky juice of wild fig-tree in religious rite, ii. 313, ix. 258

Mill, women mourning for Tammuz eat nothing ground in a, v. 230;
Tammuz ground in a, vii. 258

Mill-stones crowned at Vesta’s festival in June, ii. 127 _n._ 3

Millaeus on judicial torture, xi. 158

Miller, Hugh, on absence of soul in sleep, iii. 40 _sq._

Miller’s wife a witch, story of the, x. 319 _sq._

Millet, homoeopathic magic of, i. 145;
cultivated in Africa, vii. 115, 117;
cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;
cultivated in New Guinea, vii. 123;
the deity of, worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 52;
first-fruits of, offered to the dead, viii. 111, 112

_Millingtonia_, the sacred tree of the Todas, viii. 314

Milne, Mrs. Leslie, on Shan custom as to cutting bamboos, vi. 136

Miltiades, funeral games celebrated in his honour in the Thracian
Chersonese, iv. 93 _sq._

Milton on chastity, ii. 118 _n._ 1;
on the laments for Tammuz, v. 226 _n._;
on the Harvest Queen, vii. 147

Mimicry the principle of religious or magical dramas, ix. 374

Miming, a satyr of the woods, in the Balder legend, x. 103

Minahassa, a district of Celebes, rain-making in, i. 277;
inspired priests among the Alfoors of, i. 382 _sq._;
ceremony at house-warming among the Alfoors of, iii. 63 _sq._, xi. 153;
reluctance to be photographed in, iii. 99;
Alfoors of, forbidden to pronounce the names of parents-in-law, iii. 340
_sq._;
special language at rice-harvest in, iii. 412;
mock human sacrifices in, iv. 214 _sq._;
quail associated with rice in, vii. 296;
customs as to sowing and plucking the new rice in, viii. 54;
dummies to deceive demons in, viii. 100;
festival of “eating the new rice” in, viii. 123;
hair of slain foe used to impart courage in, viii. 153;
expulsion of demons in, ix. 111 _sq._

Minangkabau, the Sultan of, revered by the Battas, i. 399

Minangkabauers of Sumatra, their use of magical images, i. 58;
their homoeopathic magic at building a rice barn, i. 140;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 193;
their treatment of women in childbirth, iii. 32;
their conception of the soul as a bird or a fly, iii. 36;
their belief as to absence of soul in sleep, iii. 41;
their customs as to the Mother of Rice, vii. 191 _sq._;
their respect for crocodiles, viii. 211 _sq._;
their respect for tigers, viii. 215 _sq._;
their belief as to menstruous women, x. 79;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._

Mindanao, one of the Philippines, the Bogabos of, iii. 323, vii. 240

Minden, dances round an oak in the principality of, ii. 371

Miners, special language employed by, iii. 407, 409

_Mingoli_, spirits of the dead, among the Boloki, ix. 77

Mingrelia, holy image ducked as a rain-charm in, i. 308

Miniature fields dedicated to spirits in Nias, vii. 233 _sq._

Minnetarees, Indian tribe of North America, their personification of maize
as an Old Woman, vii. 204 _sq._;
ceremony for securing good crop of maize among the, vii. 209 _n._ 2;
their belief in the resurrection of bisons, viii. 256

Minnigaff, parish in Galloway, “cutting the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 279

Minoan age of Greece, v. 34

Minorca, seven-legged images of Lent in, iv. 244 _n._ 1

Minos, king of Cnossus, his reign of eight years, iv. 70 _sqq._;
tribute of youths and maidens sent to, iv. 74 _sqq._

——, king of Crete, besieges Megara, xi. 103

—— and Britomartis, iv. 73

Minotaur, the, legend of, iv. 71, 74;
perhaps an image of the sun, iv. 75, 77

—— and the labyrinth, iv. 71, 74, 77

—— and Pasiphae, iv. 71, vii. 31

Mint, flowers of, gathered on St. John’s Day, xi. 51

Minucius Felix on the Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1;
on the rites of Osiris, vi. 85 _n._ 3;
on the Salii, ix. 231 _n._ 3

Minyas, king of Orchomenus, his treasury, iv. 164

Miotse, the, of China, drive away the devil by means of a kite, ix. 4

Mirabeau, hunting the wren at, viii. 321

Miracles, god-man expected to work, i. 376;
not conceived by early man as breaches of natural law, i. 376 _sq._

Miraculous births of gods and heroes, v. 107

Mirasans, the, of the Punjaub, their worship of snakes, viii. 316 _sq._

Miris of Assam, fear to offend woodland spirits, ii. 39;
new fire made after a death among the, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 123;
eat tiger’s flesh to make them brave, viii. 145

Mirror or burning-glass, fire made by means of, ii. 243, 245 _n._

Mirrors, superstitions as to, iii. 92 _sq._, 94 _sqq._;
covered after a death, iii. 94 _sq._

Mirzapur, the Chero of, i. 209;
taboos and ceremonies connected with the rearing of silk-worms in, iii.
193 _sq._;
the Majhwârs of, iii. 234, ix. 36, 60;
the Pankas of, iii. 402;
remedy for locusts in, viii. 276;
transference of disease in, ix. 6;
sacrifices at cairns in, ix. 27;
the Korwas and Pataris of, their use of scapegoats, ix. 192;
the Bhuiyars of, x. 84

Miscarriage in childbed, dread of, iii. 149, 152 _sqq._;
supposed danger of concealing a, iii. 211, 213

Misfortune swept out of house with brooms, ix. 5;
burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 215;
got rid of by leaping over Midsummer fires, x. 215

Misrule, the Lord of, ix. 251, 312;
at Bodmin in Cornwall, ii. 319 _n._ 1;
in England, ix. 331 _sqq._

Missel-thrush and mistletoe, xi. 316

Missiles hurled at dangerous ghosts or spirits, ix. 17 _sqq._

Mississippi, lighted torch carried before chiefs among the Indians of the,
ii. 263 _sq._

Missouri, the, cottonwood trees in the valley of, ii. 12

“Mist-healing,” Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, x. 279

Mistletoe, worshipped by the Druids, ii. 358, 362, xi. 76 _sq._, 301;
wreath of, on pole to which a wren is fastened, viii. 321;
the divining-rod made of, xi. 69, 291;
cut on the sixth day of the moon, xi. 77;
makes barren animals and women to bring forth, xi. 77, 78, 79;
cut with a golden sickle, xi. 77, 80;
thought to have fallen from the sky, xi. 77, 80;
called the “all-healer,” xi. 77, 79, 82;
an antidote to all poison, xi. 77, 83;
gathered on the first day of the moon, xi. 78;
not to touch the earth, xi. 78, 80, 280;
a cure for epilepsy, xi. 78, 83, 84;
extinguishes fire, xi. 78, 84 _sq._, 293;
venerated by the Ainos of Japan, xi. 79;
growing on willow specially efficacious, xi. 79;
confers invulnerability, xi. 79 _sq._;
its position as a parasite on a tree the source of superstitions about
it, xi. 80, 81, 84;
not to be cut but shot or knocked down with stones, xi. 81 _sq._;
in the folk-lore of modern European peasants, xi. 81 _sqq._;
medical virtues ascribed to, xi. 82 _sqq._;
cut when the sun is in Sagittarius, xi. 82, 86;
growing on oak a panacea for green wounds, xi. 83;
mystic qualities ascribed to mistletoe at Midsummer (St. John’s Day or
Eve), xi. 83, 86;
these virtues a pure superstition, xi. 84;
cut at the full moon of March, xi. 84, 86;
called “thunder-besom” in Aargau, xi. 85, 301;
a master-key to open all locks, xi. 85;
a protection against witchcraft, xi. 85 _sq._;
given to first cow that calves after New Year, xi. 86;
gathered especially at Midsummer, xi. 86 _sq._;
grows on oaks in Sweden, xi. 87;
ancient Italian belief that mistletoe could be destroyed neither by fire
nor water, xi. 94;
life of oak in, xi. 280, 292;
a protection against witchcraft and Trolls, xi. 282, 283, 294;
a protection against fairy changelings, xi. 283;
hung over doors of stables and byres in Brittany, xi. 287;
thought to disclose treasures in the earth, xi. 287, 291 _sq._;
gathered at the solstices, Midsummer and Christmas, xi. 291 _sqq._;
traditional privilege of, xi. 291 _n._ 2;
growing on a hazel, xi. 291 _n._ 3;
growing on a thorn, xi. 291 _n._ 3;
perhaps conceived as a germ or seed of fire, xi. 292;
sanctity of mistletoe perhaps explained by the belief that the plant has
fallen on the tree in a flash of lightning, xi. 301;
two species of, _Viscum album_ and _Loranthus europaeus_, xi. 315
_sqq._;
found most commonly on apple-trees, xi. 315, xi. 316 _n._ 5;
growing on oaks in England, xi. 316;
seeds of, deposited by missel-thrush, xi. 316;
ancient names of, xi. 317 _sq._;
Virgil on, xi. 318 _sqq._;
Dutch names for, xi. 319 _n._ 1

Mistletoe and Balder, x. 101 _sq._, xi. 76 _sqq._, 302;
his life or death in the mistletoe, xi. 279, 283

—— and the Golden Bough, xi. 315 _sqq._

Mistress, sanctuary of the, at Lycosura, in Arcadia, taboos observed, at
the, iii. 227 _n._, 314, viii. 46;
cow-headed or sheep-headed statuettes of women found at the, viii. 21
_n._ 4

—— of the Earth, worshipped in Timor, ix. 85

“—— of Turquoise,” goddess at Sinai, v. 35

Mitani, ancient people of Northern Mesopotamia, v. 135 _n._

Mitchell, Sir Arthur, on a barbarous cure for murrain in Scotland, x. 326

Mithr, Armenian fire-god, x. 131 _n._ 3

Mithra, Persian deity, popularity of his worship in the Rotnan Empire, v.
301 _sq._;
identified with the Unconquered Sun, v. 304;
his nativity on December 25th, v. 304

Mithraic mysteries, initiation into the, xi. 277

—— religion a rival to Christianity, v. 302;
festival of Christmas borrowed from the, v. 302 _sqq._

—— sacrifice of bull, viii. 10

Mithridates, his siege of Cyzicus, viii. 95 _n._ 2

Mitigations of human sacrifices, vii. 33, ix. 396 _sq._, 408

Mittelmark, district of Prussia, the last sheaf called the Old Man in,
vii. 219

_Mizimu_, spirits of the dead, among the Wadowe of East Africa, xi. 312

Miztecs of Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 54 _sq._

Mlanje, in British Central Africa, xi. 314 _n._ 1

Mnasara tribe of Morocco kindle fires at Midsummer, x. 214

Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull of Heliopolis, iv. 72, vi. 11, viii. 34
_sq._, ix. 217

Moa, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i.
131;
treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;
theory of earthquakes in, v. 198;
annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Moab, Arabs of, i. 153, 157, 276, iii. 280, vii. 138;
their custom of shaving prisoners, iii. 273;
their custom at harvest, vi. 48, 96;
their remedies for ailments, vi. 242.
_See also_ Arabs

——, king of, and his god Kemosh, v. 15;
sacrifices his son on the wall, iv. 166, 179

——, the wilderness of, v. 52 _sq._;
the springs of Callirrhoe in, v. 214 _sqq._

Moabite stone, the inscription on the, v. 15 _n._ 3, 20 _n._ 2, 163 _n._ 3

Moabites, King David’s treatment of the, iii. 273 _sq._;
burn the bones of the kings of Edom, vi. 104

Mock battle at festival of new fruits among the Creek Indians, viii. 75.
_See_ Sham fight

—— executions, iv. 148, 158

—— human sacrifices, iv. 214 _sqq._;
sacrifices of finger-joints, iv. 219

—— kings, iv. 148 _sqq._, ix. 403 _sq._

—— marriage of human victims, ix. 257 _sq._

—— sultan in Morocco, iv. 152 _sq._

—— sun in charm to secure sunshine, i. 314

Mockery of Christ, ix. 412 _sqq._

Mocobis, the, of Paraguay, their reverence for the Pleiades, vii. 309

_Modai_, invisible spirits, among the Kacharis, ix. 93

Models in cardboard offered to the dead instead of the things themselves,
vi. 63 _sq._

Moesia, Durostorum in Lower, ix. 309

Moffat, Dr. R., on the power of rain-makers in South African tribes, i.
351;
on the observation of the Pleiades by the Bechuanas, vii. 316

Mogador, in Morocco, devils nailed into a wall at, ix. 63

Moggridge, Mr., on sin-eating in Wales, ix. 44 _n._ 2

Mogk, Professor Eugen, on May-trees and Whitsuntide-trees in Saxony, ii.
68 _sq._;
as to the purificatory intention of the European fire-festivals, x. 330

Mohammed forbade the artificial fertilization of the palm, ii. 25 _n._ 1;
on the fig, ii. 316;
bewitched by a Jew, iii. 302 _sq._;
said to have stoned the devil, ix. 24

Mohammed ben Isa or Aïsa, of Mequinex, founder of the order called Isowa
or Aïsawa, vii. 21

Mohammedan belief as to falling stars, iv. 63 _sq._

—— calendar lunar, x. 216 _sq._, 218 _sq._

—— custom of raising cairns near sacred places, ix. 21

—— New Year festival in North Africa, x. 217 _sq._

—— peoples of North Africa, their custom of bathing at Midsummer, v. 249;
Midsummer fires among the, x. 213 _sqq._

—— popular belief, traces of the bird-soul in, iii. 36 _n._ 3

—— saints as givers of children, v. 78 _n._ 2;
reverence for, in North Africa, ix. 21, 22

—— students of Fez, their annual mock sultan, iv. 152 _sq._

Mohammedanism, its success due to its founder, vi. 160 _sq._

Mohammedans of India, no fire in their houses after a death, ii. 268 _n._;
the Suni, of Bombay, cover mirrors after a death, iii. 95;
of Oude, their mode of drinking moonshine, vi. 144

Moharram, first Mohammedan month, x. 217

Moire, sister of Tylon, v. 186

Mole-cricket in homoeopathic magic, i. 156

—— -hill, earth from a, thrown at fairies, i. 329

Moles, hearts of, eaten by diviners to acquire prophetic power, viii. 143

“—— and Field-mice,” fire ceremony on Eve of Twelfth Night in Normandy,
ix. 317

—— and field-mice driven away by torches, x. 115, xi. 340

Molina, J. I., on Araucanian belief as to toads, i. 292 _n._ 3;
on the annual expulsion of evils in Peru, ix. 130 _n._

Moloch, sacrifice of children to, iv. 75, 168 _sqq._, v. 178;
meaning of the name, v. 15;
the king, vi. 219 _sqq._

—— and _Melech_, vi. 219 _sq._

Molonga, a demon of Queensland personified by a man, ix. 172

Molsheim in Baden, bonfires and burning discs on the first Sunday in Lent
near, x. 117

Molucca Islanders, their festival of heaven, i. 399 _sq._

Moluccas, clove-trees in blossom treated like pregnant women in the, ii.
28;
fear of offending forest-spirits in the, ii. 40;
abduction of human souls in the, iii. 61 _sq._;
ceremony on return from a journey in the, iii. 113

Mombasa, in British East Africa, king of, expected to give rain, i. 396;
preceded on the march by fire, ii. 264;
avoidance of the word smallpox at, iii. 400

Mommsen, August, on a Delphic ceremony, i. 46 _n._ 1;
on the Sacred Marriage, ii. 137 _n._ 1;
on the Eleusinian games, vii. 77 _n._ 4;
on the Anthesteria, ix. 153 _n._ 1;
on the Cronia at Athens, ix. 352 _n._ 1

Mommsen, Theodor, on dictatorship of Tusculum, i. 23 _n._ 3;
on the costume of a Roman king, ii. 174 _n._ 1;
on the triumphal golden crown, ii. 175 _n._ 1;
on the election of the Roman kings, ii. 296;
on the date of the festival of Osiris at Rome, vi. 95 _n._ 1;
on the Roman custom of knocking in a nail annually, ix. 67 _n._ 2

Mon, island of, belief of Esthonian reapers in, as to cutting the first
corn, vii. 285

Monarchy in ancient Greece and Rome, tradition of its abolition, i. 46;
rise of, i. 216 _sqq._;
essential to emergence of mankind from savagery, i. 217;
hereditary and elective, combination of the two, ii. 292 _sqq._

Monbuttu (Monbutto) or Mangbettou of Central Africa, their custom of
lengthening the heads of chiefs’ children, ii. 297;
their king takes his meals in private, iii. 118 _sq._;
women the agricultural labourers among the, vii. 119

_Mondard_, the great, a straw-man placed on oldest apple-tree while apples
are ripening, viii. 6

Mondays, witches dreaded on, xi. 73

Money, the oldest Italian, i. 23;
magical stones to bring, i. 164

Mongol transference of evil, ix. 7 _sq._

Mongolia, rain-making in, i. 305;
incarnate human gods in, i. 413

Mongolian peoples, their custom of stuffing skins of sacrificed animals or
stretching them on a framework, viii. 257 _sq._

—— story, milk-tie in a, x. 138 _n._ 1;
the external soul in a, xi. 143 _sq._

Mongols feared by the Chinese government, i. 413;
their recall of the soul, iii. 44;
their recovery of souls from demons, iii. 63;
reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
sacred books of the, only to be read in spring or summer, iii. 384;
funeral customs of the, v. 293

Monkey sacrificed for riddance of evils, ix. 208 _sq._

Monkeys (apes) not to be called by their proper name, iii. 402, 403, 408,
413;
sacred at Fishtown, viii. 287

Monmouthshire, All Souls’ Day in, vi. 79

Monomotapa, in East Africa, the king of, his sacred fire, ii. 264;
forbidden to wear foreign stuffs, iii. 115;
his way of prolonging his life, vi. 222 _sq._

Monster supposed to swallow and disgorge novices at initiation, xi. 240
_sq._, 242

Mont des Fourches, in the Vosges, witch-hare at, x. 318

Montagne du Doubs, in Franche-Comté, bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night
in the, ix. 316

Montaigne on ceremonial extinction of fires, x. 135 _n._ 2

Montalto, in Calabria, custom of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, iv. 241

Montanists, their view that the Creation took place at the spring equinox,
v. 307 _n._ 2

Montanus, on the Yule log, x. 248

Montanus the Phrygian, claimed to be the incarnate Trinity, i. 407

Monteiro, Major, his expedition in South Africa, i. 393 _n._ 2

Montenegro, the Yule log in, x. 263

Montezuma, King of Mexico, worshipped as a god, i. 416;
not to be looked on by his subjects, iii. 121;
not allowed to set foot on ground, x. 2

Month during which men disguised as devils go about, ix. 132;
of general licence before expulsion of demons, ix. 148;
intercalary, ix. 342 _sqq._

—— and moon, names for, in Aryan languages, ix. 325

Months, the Egyptian, table of, vi. 37 _n._;
ancient Greek, lunar and therefore shifting in the solar year, vii. 52
_sq._, 82;
lunar, observed by savages, vii. 117, 125

Montols of Northern Nigeria, their belief in their sympathetic relation to
snakes, xi. 209 _sq._

Monumbos, the, of German New Guinea, uncleanness of man-slayers among the,
iii. 169;
pregnant women do not use sharp instruments among, iii. 238;
their masked dances, ix. 382

Monyo, village of Burma, tamarind-tree worshipped at, ii. 46

Moon, Esquimau custom at the new, i. 121 _sq._;
wives sing to the, in the absence of their husbands, i. 125;
ceremony at an eclipse of the, i. 311;
charm to hasten the, i. 319;
Diana conceived as the, ii. 128;
women pray to the moon for an easy delivery, ii. 128 _n._ 2;
woman chosen to represent the, ii. 146;
ceremonies at new, iii. 15;
represented by a cow, iv. 71 _sq._;
myth of the setting and rising, iv. 73;
married to Endymion, iv. 90;
human victims sacrificed to the, v. 73, vii. 261;
albinoes thought to be the offspring of the, v. 91;
Osiris and the, vi. 129 _sqq._;
popularly regarded as the cause of growth and decay, vi. 132, 138;
practical rules based on a theory of the influence of the, vi. 132
_sqq._, 140 _sqq._;
popularly regarded as the source of dew and moisture, vi. 137 _sq._;
worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical America, vi. 138
_sq._;
viewed as the husband of the sun, vi. 139 _n._;
Athenian superstition as to an eclipse of the, vi. 141;
children presented to the, vi. 144 _sqq._;
thought to have a harmful influence on children, vi. 148;
the Greek calendar regulated by the, vii. 80;
Basutos attempt to reckon by the, vii. 117;
pigs sacrificed to the, viii. 25;
bodily ailments transferred to the, ix. 53 _sq._;
the “dark” and the “light,” ix. 140, 141 _n._ 1;
temple of the, ix. 218;
hearts of human victims offered to the, ix. 282;
the goddess of the, personated by an actor or dancer, ix. 381;
impregnation of women by the, x. 75 _sq._;
the sixth day of the, mistletoe cut on, x. 77;
the first day of the, mistletoe gathered on, x. 78;
the full, transformation of werewolves at, x. 314 _n._ 1;
reflected in Diana’s Mirror, xi. 303

—— and Endymion, i. 18

——, the goddess of the, ix. 341, 381

——, the infant god, vi. 131, 153

—— and month, names for, in Aryan languages, ix. 325

——, the new, ceremonies at, vi. 141 _sqq._;
dances at, vi. 142;
custom of showing money to, or turning it in the pocket, vi. 148 _sq._

Moon and Sun, their marriage celebrated by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146
_sq._;
mythical and dramatic marriage of the, iv. 71, 73 _sq._, 78, 87 _sq._,
90, 92, 105

——, the waning, theories to explain, vi. 130;
thought to be broken or eaten up, vi. 130;
rule that things should be cut or gathered at, vi. 133;
rule that timber should be felled at, vi. 133, 135 _sq._;
cure for toothache at, ix. 60

Moon Being of the Omahas, vi. 256

—— -god conceived as masculine, v. 73;
inspiration by the, v. 73;
in ancient Babylonia, vi. 138 _sq._

Mooney, James, on the belief of the North American Indians that their
names are parts of themselves, iii. 318 _sq._;
on want of discrimination between animals and men in Cherokee mythology,
viii. 204 _sq._;
on Cherokee ideas as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 29

Moonshine drunk as a medicine in India, vi. 144;
thought to be beneficial to children, vi. 144

Móooi, Tongan god who causes earthquakes, v. 201

Mooraba Gosseyn, a Brahman, incarnation of the elephant-headed god
Gunputty, i. 405

Moore, G. F., on the burnt sacrifice of children, vi. 219 _n._ 1

Moore, _Manx Surnames_, quoted by Sir John Rhys, x. 306

Moors obliterate marks in sand from superstitious motives, i. 214

—— of Algiers, no fire in their houses after a death, ii. 268 _n._

—— of Morocco, use boars to divert evil spirits, ix. 31;
their superstition as to the “sultan of the oleander,” x. 18

Moorunde tribe of Australia, the dead not named in the, iii. 358

Moosheim, in Wurtemberg, leaf-clad mummer at Midsummer festival at, xi. 26

Mopane country, South Africa, souls of dead chiefs supposed to
transmigrateinto lions in the, viii. 287

Moquis of Arizona, their use of stone implements in religious ritual, iii.
228;
their theory of transmigration into their totemic animals, viii. 178;
their totem clans, viii. 178

Moral evolution, iii. 218 _sq._

—— guilt regarded as a corporeal pollution, iii. 217 _sq._

Morality developed out of taboo, iii. 213 _sq._;
shifted from a natural to a supernatural basis, iii. 213 _sq._;
survival of savage taboos in civilized, iii. 218 _sq._

Morasas, the, of South India, sacrifice of finger-joints among the, iv.
219

Moravia, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night among the Germans
of, ii. 55, ix. 162;
custom observed by the Germans of, on _Laetare_ Sunday, ii. 63;
“Meeting the Spring” in, ii. 333;
“Carrying out Death” in, iv. 238 _sq._, 249;
drama of Summer and Winter in, iv. 257 _sq._;
the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 73;
harvest custom in, vii. 162;
the Wheat-Bride in, vii. 162;
the Shrovetide bear in, viii. 326 _n._ 1;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268, 269;
fires to burn the witches in, x. 160;
Midsummer fires in, x. 175;
the divining-rod in, xi. 67

Moravian belief that serpents get their poison annually on St. George’s
Day, ii. 344 _n._ 4

Moravians cull simples at Midsummer, xi. 49, 54

—— of Silesia, their custom of “Carrying out Death,” iv. 237

Moray Firth, disappearance of herring in the, viii. 251

Morayshire, remedy for a murrain in, x. 326;
medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84

Morbihan in Brittany, mistletoe hung over the doors of stables and byres
at, xi. 287

_Morbus regius_, jaundice, i. 371 _n._ 4

Mordecai, his name equivalent to Marduk or Merodach, ix. 365;
his triumphal ride in Susa, ix. 403

—— and Esther equivalent to Marduk and Ishtar, ix. 405;
the duplicates of Haman and Vashti, ix. 405 _sq._

—— and Haman, ix. 364 _sqq._;
as temporary kings, ix. 400 _sq._

Moresby, Captain John, his reception in Shepherd’s Isle, iii. 104 _sq._

Moresin, Thomas, on St. Peter’s fires in Scotland, x. 207

Moret, Alexandre, on the divinity of Egyptian kings, i. 418 _sq._;
on assimilation of Egyptian kings to gods, ii. 134 _n._ 1;
on Amenophis IV., vi. 123 _n._ 1;
on the Sed festival, vi. 155 _sq._

Morgan, L. H., as to Otawa totems, viii. 225 _n._ 1

Morgan, Professor M. H., on an ancient Greek mode of making fire, ii. 207
_n._ 1

Mori, a district of Central Celebes, belief of the natives as to a spirit
in the moon, vi. 139 _n._

Mori clan of the Bhils in Central India, their totem the peacock, viii. 29

Moriah, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Zion, vi. 219 _n._ 1

Morice, Father A. G., on the seclusion- of menstruous women among the
Tinneh Indians, iii. 146 _sq._;
on customs and beliefs of the Carrier Indians as to menstruous women, x.
91 _sqq._;
on the honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273 _sqq._

Morlaks, the Yule log among the, x. 264

Morlanwelz, in Belgium, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107

Morning, certain animals not to be named in the, iii. 402

Morning Star, the, appearance of, perhaps the signal for the festival of
Adonis, v. 258 _sq._;
human sacrifice at sowing enjoined by the, vii. 238;
named in Nias, vii. 315;
personated by a man in a dance or dramatic ceremony, ix. 238, 381;
the god of the, ix. 381;
girl at puberty bathes at the rising of the, x. 40;
the rising of the, the signal for kindling new fire at the winter
solstice, x. 133

Morocco, magic use of a fowl or pigeon in, i. 151;
artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314;
iron used as a protection against demons in, iii. 233;
disposal of cut hair in, iii. 275;
nail-parings preserved for the resurrection in, iii. 280;
annual temporary king in, iv. 152 _sq._;
custom of prostitution in an Arab tribe in, v. 39 _n._ 3;
live goats torn to pieces and devoured by a religious sect in, vii. 21;
the Barley Bride in, vii. 178 _sq._;
homoeopathic magic of flesh diet in, viii. 147;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
cairns near Azemmour in, ix. 21;
boars used to divert evil spirits in, ix. 31;
devils nailed into a wall in, ix. 63;
the tug-of-war in, ix. 178 _sq._, 182;
games of ball played in, to procure rain or sunshine, ix. 179 _sq._;
custom of beating people for their good in, ix. 265, 266;
magical virtue ascribed to rainwater in, x. 17 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 213 _sqq._;
water thought to acquire marvellous virtue at Midsummer in, xi. 30
_sq._;
magical plants gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 51

Morris-dancers, ix. 250 _sq._

Morrison, Rev. C. W., on belief of Australian aborigines as to childbirth,
v. 103 _n._ 3

Mortality, savage explanations of human, ix. 302 _sqq._

—— of the gods, iv. 1 _sqq._

Mortlock Islanders, their belief in spirits, ix. 82

Moru tribe of Central Africa, viii. 314.
_See_ Madi

Morven, x. 290;
consumptive people passed through rifted rocks in, xi. 186 _sq._

Mosaic law forbids interchange of dress between men and women, ix. 363

—— laws, their similarity to savage customs, iii. 219 _n._ 1

Mosbach, in Bavaria, the last sheaf called Goat at, vii. 283

Moschus on Europa and the bull, iv. 73 _n._ 1

Moscow, annual new fire in villages near, x. 139

Moselle, the Treveri on the, ii. 126 _n._ 2;
the Fox in the corn in the department of the, vii. 296;
bonfires on the, x. 109;
Konz on the, x. 118, 163 _sq._

Moses, the tomb of, ix. 21;
on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 95 _sq._

Moslem custom of raising cairns, ix. 21

Mosquito Indians of Central America preserve bones of deer and shells of
eggs, viii. 258 _n._ 2

—— -makers, magicians in Tana, i. 341

—— territory, Central America, seclusion of menstruous women in the, x. 86

Moss, W., iv. 284 _n._ 4

Mossos of China, their annual expulsion of demons, ix. 139

Mostar, in Herzegovina, custom observed by bride at, ii. 230 _sq._

Mostene in Lydia, double-headed axe at, v. 183 _n._

Mosul, the “Mother of the Grape-cluster” at, iv. 8;
cure for headache at, ix. 64

Mosyni or Mosynoeci, in Pontus, kept their king in close custody, iii. 124

Mota, in the New Hebrides, belief as to conception in women in, v. 97
_sq._;
conception of the external soul in, xi. 197 _sq._

“Mother” and “Father” as epithets applied to Roman goddesses and gods, vi.
233 _sqq._

“Mother of the Clan” in the Pelew Islands, vi. 205, 206

Mother, dead, worshipped, vi. 175, 185

—— of a god, v. 51, 52

—— of the gods, Attis associated with the, i. 21, v. 266;
the Phrygian, her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265;
first-fruits offered in Thera to the, v. 280 _n._ 1;
popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire, v. 298 _sq._;
Mexican goddess, ix. 289;
woman annually sacrificed in the character of the, ix. 289 _sq._

—— or Grandmother of Ghosts at Rome, viii. 94, 96, 107

—— of the Grape-cluster, iv. 8

——, the Great, Cybele, at Rome, v. 280;
name given to the last sheaf, vii. 135 _sq._

“—— of Kings,” in Central African kingdom, ii. 277

—— of the Maize, among the Indians of Peru, vii. 172 _sqq._

—— of the Rain, at a rain-making ceremony among the Arabs of Moab, i. 276

—— of the Rice, in Sumatra and Celebes, vii. 191 _sqq._

Mother-corn, name given to last sheaf threshed, vii. 147

—— -cotton in the Punjaub, vii. 178

—— Earth prayed to for rain, i. 283;
festival in her honour in Bengal, v. 90;
fertilized by Father Sky, myth of, v. 282;
sickness caused by, viii. 105

—— Goddess of Western Asia, sacred prostitution in the worship of the, v.
36;
lions as her emblems, v. 137, 164;
her eunuch priests, v. 206;
of Phrygia conceived as a Virgin Mother, v. 281

—— -kin, the system of tracing relationship through women, ii. 271, iii.
333;
in succession to Roman kingship, ii. 271;
among the Aryans, ii. 283 _sqq._;
superiority of maternal uncle to father under mother-kin, ii. 285;
succession in royal houses with, v. 44;
trace of, at Rome and Nemi, v. 45;
among the Khasis of Assam, v. 46, vi. 202 _sqq._;
among the Hittites, traces of, vi. 141 _sq._;
and Mother Goddesses, vi. 201 _sqq._, 212 _sqq._;
and father-kin, vi. 202, 261 _n._ 3;
favours the superiority of goddesses over gods in religion, vi. 202
_sqq._, 211 _sq._;
among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204 _sqq._;
does not imply that government is in the hands of women, vi. 208 _sqq._;
among the Melanesians, vi. 211;
in Africa, vi. 211;
in Lycia, vi. 212 _sq._;
in ancient Egypt, vi. 213 _sqq._;
traces of, in Lydia and Cos, vi. 259;
favours the development of goddesses, vi. 259;
in royal families, ix. 368 _n._ 1
_See also_ Female kinship

—— -in-law, the savage’s dread of his, iii. 83 _sqq._;
her name not to be mentioned by her son-in-law, iii. 338, 339, 340, 341,
342, 343, 344, 345, 346

—— Plastene on Mount Sipylus, v. 185

—— -seed, among the Malays, vii. 198

—— -sheaf, in Brittany, vii. 135, 209

“Mother’s Air,” a tune on the flute, v. 288

Mother’s brother preferred to father, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285

Mothers, African kings forbidden to see their, iii. 86;
named after their children, iii. 332, 333, 339

Motherwort, garlands of, at Midsummer, x. 162

Motlav, recall of lost souls in, iii. 56;
belief as to conception in women in, v. 98.

Motu of New Guinea, their way of detaining the sun, i. 317;
taboos observed for the sake of the crops among the, ii. 106;
tabooed persons not allowed to handle food among the, iii. 141;
chastity of hunters and fishers among the, iii. 192;
hunters and fishers regarded as holy among the, iii. 196;
continence observed by them before and during a trading voyage, iii. 203
_sq._;
unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329

Motumotu or Toaripi of New Guinea, magical telepathy among the, i. 125;
their way of detaining the sun, i. 317;
think that storms are sent by a sorcerer, i. 326 _sq._;
sorcerers as chiefs among the, i. 337;
their belief as to reflections in a mirror, iii. 92;
taboos observed by manslayers among the, iii. 167;
continence before fishing or hunting among the, iii. 196;
unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329;
homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet among the, viii. 145.
_See also_ Toaripi

Moulin, parish of, in Perthshire, Hallowe’en fires in, x. 230

Moulins-Engilbert, spring of St. Gervais near, i. 307

Moulton, Professor J. H., iv. 124 _n._ 1;
on the etymology of Quirinus, ii. 182 _n._ 2;
on the relation of the Italian and Celtic languages, ii. 189 _n._ 3;
on the etymology of _Flamen_, ii. 247 _n._ 5;
on proposed etymologies of Demeter, vii. 41 _n._, 131 _n._ 4;
on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 _n._ 3;
on the proposed identification of Haman and Hammedatha with two Persian
archangels, ix. 373 _n._ 1;
on the etymology of Soranus, xi. 15 _n._ 1

Mounds of Semiramis, ix. 370, 371, 373

——, sepulchral, iv. 93, 96, 100, 104

Mountain of Parting, in Mexico, ix. 279

Mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57 _sq._;
a protection against thunder, lightning, hail, and conflagration, xi. 58

—— -ash, a protection against witches, ii. 53;
pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331;
parasitic, used to make the divining rod, xi. 69;
mistletoe on, xi. 315.
_See also_ Rowan

—— scaur, external soul in, xi. 156

Mountains, first berries of the season offered to the, viii. 133 _sq._

Mourne Mountains, x. 159

Mourners, customs observed by, iii. 31 _sq._, 159 _n._, 315;
plug their nostrils, iii. 32;
tabooed, iii. 138 _sqq._, x. 20;
refrain from scratching their heads with their fingers, iii. 159 _n._;
heads of, smeared with mud or clay, iii. 182 _n._ 2;
taboos observed by, in India, iii. 235 _sq._;
hair and nails of, cut at end of mourning, iii. 285 _sq._;
touch coral rings as a form of purification, iii. 315;
shave their heads in order to escape recognition by the ghost, iii. 357
_sq._;
rub themselves with the juices of the dead, viii. 163;
drink the juices of the dead, viii. 163 _n._ 3;
the purification of, intended to protect them against the spirits of the
dead, ix. 105 _n._ 1;
whip themselves at a funeral to keep off evil spirits, ix. 260 _sq._;
wear special caps, x. 20;
pass over fire as a purification after a funeral, xi. 17, 18;
customs observed by, among the Bella Coola Indians, xi. 174

Mournful character of the rites of sowing vi. 40 _sqq._

Mourning of slayers for the slain, iii. 181;
for a dead whale, iii. 223;
for Tammuz, v. 9 _sqq._, 230;
for Adonis, v. 224 _sq._, 226 _sq._;
of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45, 117;
for Attis, v. 272;
for Osiris, vi. 12;
for the corn-god at Midsummer, vi. 34;
for the Old Woman of the Corn, vi. 47;
at cutting wood of sacred tree, vi. 47 _sq._;
of Demeter for the descent of Persephone at the time of the autumn
sowing, vii. 46;
pretended, for insects that destroy the crops, viii. 279 _sq._;
the great, for Isfendiyar, x. 105.
_See also_ Lamentations _and_ Laments

Mourning costume of men in Lycia, vi. 264;
perhaps a mode of deceiving the ghost, vi. 264

Mouse, soul in form of, iii. 37, 39 _n._ 1.
_See also_ Mice

Mouse Apollo, viii. 282 _sq._

Mouse-ear hawkweed (_Hieracium pilosella_) gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57

Mouse’s head hung round child’s neck at teething, i. 180

Mouth closed to prevent escape of soul, iii. 31, 33, 71;
soul in the, iii. 33;
spirits supposed to enter the body through the, iii. 116;
covered to prevent entrance of demons, etc., iii. 122;
of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, vi. 15;
of dead fox tied up, viii. 267

Movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304 _sq._

Movers, F. C., on the Sacaea, ix. 368, 387, 388, 391, 401

Mowat, in British New Guinea, magical powers of chief at, i. 338;
continence observed during the turtle season at, iii. 192;
boys beaten at, to make them strong, ix. 265

Moxos Indians of Bolivia, magical telepathy among the, i. 123

Moylar, male children of sacred prostitutes in Southern India, v. 63

Mozcas. _See_ Chibchas

Mpongwe of the Gaboon, woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 119

Mpongwe kings of the Gaboon, buried secretly, vi. 104

Mrus, the, of Aracan, their custom of placing grass on a pile, ix. 12 _n._
1

Muata Jamwo, a potentate of Angola, lights a new fire on his accession,
ii. 262;
not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 118;
precaution as to his spittle, iii. 290

Mucelis of Angola, all fires among them extinguished on king’s death, ii.
262

Mud, rain-makers smear themselves with, i. 350;
smeared on feet of bed of Flamen Dialis, iii. 14;
plastered on heads of man-slayers, iii. 182;
on heads of women in mourning, iii. 182 _n._ 2

Muganda (singular of Baganda, plural), viii. 231

_Mugema_, the earl of Busiro, vi. 168

Müglitz, in Moravia, the Wheat Bride at reaping at, vii. 162

_Mugumu_ or _Mugomo_, a species of fig-tree revered by the Akikuyu, ii. 42

Mugwort (_Artemisia vulgaris_), in magic, i. 209;
wreaths of, at Midsummer, x. 163, 165, 174;
a preventive of sore eyes, x. 174;
a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177;
gathered on Midsummer Day or Eve, xi. 58 _sqq._;
a protection against thunder, ghosts, magic, and witchcraft, xi. 59
_sq._;
thrown into the Midsummer fires, xi. 59;
used in exorcism, xi. 60

Mühlbach, in Transylvania, trial of witch at, iii. 39

Mukasa, god of the Victoria Nyanza Lake, worshipped by the Baganda, ii.
150;
provided with human wives, ii. 150;
probably a dead man, vi. 196 _sq._;
gives oracles through a woman, vi. 257;
fish offered to, viii. 253

_Mukuru_, an ancestor (plural _Ovakuru_, ancestors), among the Herero, vi.
185 _sq._

Mukylcin, the Earth-wife, among the Wotyaks, ii. 146

Mulai Rasheed II., Sultan of Morocco, iv. 153

Mule, asthma transferred to a, ix. 50

Mules excluded from sanctuary of Alectrona, viii. 45

_Mulgarradocks_, medicine-men in South-western Australia, i. 336

Mull, the island of, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 155, 166;
the need-fire in, x. 148, 289 _sq._;
the Beltane cake in, x. 149;
remedy for cattle-disease in, x. 325;
consumptive people passed through rifted rocks in, xi. 186 _sq._

Mullein, sprigs of, passed across Midsummer fires protect cattle against
sickness and sorcery, x. 190;
bunches of, passed across Midsummer fires and fastened on cattle-shed,
x. 191;
yellow (_Verbascum_), gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63 _sq._;
yellow hoary (_Verbascum pulverulentum_), its golden pyramid of blooms,
xi. 64;
great (_Verbascum thapsus_), called King’s Candle or High Taper, xi. 64

Müller, K. O., on a custom of the Spartan kingship, iv. 59;
on the eight years’ cycle in ancient Greece, iv. 69 _n._ 1;
on octennial celebration of Olympic festival, iv. 90;
on mitigation of human sacrifice, iv. 165 _n._ 1, 166 _n._ 1;
on Sandan, ix. 389 _sq._

Müller, F. Max, and the Rosy Dawn, i. 333 _sq._

Müller, Professor W. Max, on Hittite name for god, v. 148 _n._

_Mulongo_, “twin,” term applied by the Baganda to the navel-string, i.
195, 196

_Mulungu_, spirits of the dead, among the Yaos, viii. 111 _sq._

Mumbo Jumbos, iv. 178

Mummers dressed in leaves, branches, and flowers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78
_sqq._;
the Whitsuntide, iv. 205 _sqq._;
at Hallowe’en in the Isle of Man, x. 224.
_See also_ Maskers

Mundaris, of Assam, their sacred groves, ii. 39, 46, 47;
their annual saturnalia at harvest, ix. 137

Mundas of Bengal, marriage to trees among the, ii. 57;
gardens of Adonis among the, v. 240

Mungarai, Australian tribe, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead,
v. 101

Muni, or Rishi Agastya, figure of, in ceremony to stop rain, i. 296

Munich, annual expulsion of the devil at, ix. 214 _sq._

Munro, Dr. R., on crannogs, ii. 352

Munster, rain-producing fountain in, i. 301;
dearth in, attributed to king’s incest, ii. 116;
taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 11;
tax on fires paid to the king of, x. 139;
Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Münsterberg, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 _n._

Münsterland, Easter fires in, x. 141;
the Yule log in, x. 247

Munychian Artemis, iv. 166 _n._ 1
_See_ Artemis

Munzerabad, district of South India, expulsion of the demon of cholera or
smallpox in, ix. 172

Münzesheim, in Baden, the Corn-goat at harvest at, vii. 283

Muota Valley in Switzerland, custom observed on Twelfth Night in the, ix.
166

Mura-muras, the remote predecessors of the Dieri, appealed to for rain, i.
255 _sq._

Muralug, dread of women at menstruation in, x. 78

Murder, heaps of sticks or stones on scenes of, ix. 15

—— of children to secure their rebirth in barren women, v. 95

Murderer, fire of oak-wood used to detect a, xi. 92 _n._ 4

Murderers, taboos imposed on, iii. 187 _sq._;
their bodies destroyed, iv. 11

Murli, female devotee, in Mahratta, v. 62

Murom, district of Russia, the “Funeral of Kostroma” in, iv. 262

Murrain, brazen oxen, a talisman against, viii. 281;
need-fire kindled as a remedy for, x. 278, 282, 290 _sqq._;
burnt sacrifices to stay a, in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300
_sqq._;
calf burnt alive to stop a, x. 300 _sq._;
cattle buried to stop a, x. 326.
_See also_ Cattle disease

Murrams, the, of Manipur, foods tabooed to chief of, iii. 292

Murray, Sir James, on _kern_ or _kirn_, vii. 151 _n._ 3

Murray, Miss Margaret A., on human sacrifices to Osiris, vii. 260 _sq._

Murray, the country of, Beltane fires in, x. 154 _n._ 1

Murray Island, in Torres Straits, ceremony to raise the wind in, i. 322

—— Islands, in Torres Straits, the fire-drill in the, ii. 209

—— River, in Australia, tribes of the Lower, avoid mentioning the names of
the dead, iii. 351;
namesakes of the dead change their names among the tribes of the Lower,
iii. 355;
wild yams on the, vii. 127;
natives of the, their dread of menstruous women, x. 77;
novices slain and resuscitated by Thrumalun on the, xi. 233

Murring tribe of New South Wales, their custom as to extracted teeth, i.
176

Muses at the marriage of Cadmus and Harmonia, iv. 89

Music as a means of prophetic inspiration, v. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74;
and religion, v. 53 _sq._;
in exorcism, v. 54 _sq._

Muskau, in Lausitz, marriage oaks at, xi. 165

Muskoghees eat the hearts of foes to make themselves brave, viii. 150

Musquakie Indians, infant burial among the, v. 91 _n._ 3

Mutch, Captain J. S., on the dramatic contest between Summer and Winter
among the Esquimaux, iv. 259 _n._ 1

Mutilation of the images of Hermes at Athens, iii. 75;
of dead bodies of kings, chiefs, and magicians, vi. 103 _sqq._;
of dead magicians to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts,
vi. 188;
of dead men intended to disable their ghosts, viii. 271 _sqq._;
of ox, magical equivalent to mutilation of enemy, viii. 271

Muysca Indians of Colombia not allowed to look at their chiefs, iii. 121

Muyscas, the, of New Granada, their way of procuring rain, i. 303 _sq._
_See_ Chibchas

Muzaffarpur, district in India, rain-charm by means of frogs in, i. 293
_sq._

Muzimbas or Zimbas, of South-East Africa, worship their king as a god, i.
392

_Muzimos_, spirits of the dead, among the Maraves, viii. 111

_Muzimu_, the human spirit or soul, among the Winamwanga, viii. 112 _n._ 3

Muzzaffarnagar, in the Punjaub, ceremony for stopping rain at, i. 296

Mwamba, chief of the Wemba, swallowed the ashes of his victims to avert
their furies, viii. 158

Mwanga, king of the Baganda, converted to Christianity, ii. 150

Mycenae, golden lamb of, i. 365;
royal graves at, v. 33, 34;
shield of Euphorbus at, viii. 300

Mycenaean age of Greece, v. 34

Myconus, sacrifices to Subterranean Zeus and Subterranean Earth at, vii.
66

Mylasa in Caria, v. 182 _n._ 4

Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, ix. 372 _n._ 2, 390;
sacred prostitution in her worship, v. 36, 37 _n._ 1

Myndus, in Asia Minor, rain-making pebbles at, i. 305

Myres, Professor J. L., on the season of threshing in Greece, vii. 62 _n._
5

Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, v. 43, 227 _sq._

Myrrh-tree, Adonis born of a, v. 227, vi. 110

Myrtle-tree with pierced leaves at Troezen, i. 25

—— -trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at Rome, xi. 168

Myrtles of Latium, ii. 188

Mysore in Southern India, rain-making in, i. 285;
mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 220;
sacred women in, v. 62 _n._;
the Komatis of, v. 81 _sq._;
Munzerabad in, ix. 172

Mysteries as magical ceremonies, ix. 374

—— of Attis, v. 274 _sq._

—— of Dionysus, vii. 15

——, Eleusinian, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 35, 37 _sqq._, 65 _sqq._, 69 _sq._, 78
_sq._, 111, 161 _sq._, 188;
founded by Demeter, vii. 37;
the myth of Demeter and Persephone acted at the, vii. 39, 66;
the Great, their date, vii. 51 _sqq._;
instituted by Eumolpus, vii. 70;
associated with belief in immortality, vii. 90 _sq._;
designed to promote the growth of the corn, vii. 110 _sq._
_See also_ Eleusinian Mysteries

——, Greek, bull-roarers swung at, vii. 110

—— at Mantinea, vii. 46 _n._ 2

—— of Sabazius, v. 90 _n._ 4

Myth of Adonis, v. 1 _sqq._;
and ritual of Attis, v. 263 _sqq._;
myth of Demeter and Persephone, vii. 35 _sqq._;
myth less constant than custom, viii. 40

Mythical beings represented by men and women, ix. 385 _sq._

Mythologists, two rival schools of, their views not necessarily exclusive
of each other, ix. 385 _sq._

Mythology, Roman, vi. 235

Myths explanatory of festivals, ii. 142 _sq._;
supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of
language, vi. 42;
in relation to magic, ix. 374;
performed dramatically in dances, ix. 375 _sqq._;
dramatized in ritual, x. 105

—— of creation, iv. 106 _sqq._

—— of gods and spirits to be told only in spring and summer, iii. 384;
not to be told by day, iii. 384 _sq._;
to be told only in winter, iii. 385 _sq._

——, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, vi. 235

—— of the origin of death, ix. 302 _sqq._

Mytilene, titular kings at, i. 45, 46 _n._ 4

Na Ivilankata, a Fijian clan, members of, walk over oven of hot stones,
xi. 10

Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, v. 239

“Naaman, wounds of the,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, v. 226

_Nabataeans, Agriculture of the_, ii. 100

Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, v. 174

Nabu, a Babylonian god, ix. 358 _n._;
marriage of, ii. 130;
his temple in Borsippa, iv. 110

_Nága_, serpent god, v. 81

Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes, among the Battas, v. 200

—— tribes of Manipur, their belief as to the state of the spirits of the
dead, iv. 11

Nagas, demi-gods, concerned in the production of rain, i. 294

—— of Assam, their burial custom, viii. 100;
believe that the dead are reborn as butterflies or flies, viii. 290
_sq._;
the tug-of-war among the, ix. 177;
their ceremony of the new fire, x. 136

—— of the _Mahabharata_, i. 383 _n._ 4

Nagin, “wives of the snake,” in Behar, ii. 149

Nagir, island of Torres Straits, mode of imparting courage in, viii. 153

Nagpur, the cobra the crest of the Maharajah of, iv. 132 _sq._;
story of the type of Beauty and the Beast told in, iv. 132 _sq._

_Nagual_, external soul, among the Indians of Guatemala and Honduras, xi.
212 _sqq._, 220, 226 _n._ 1

_Nahak_, rubbish used in magic, in Tana, i. 341

Nahals, the, a forest tribe of the Central Provinces in India, their
worship of trees, viii. 119

Nahanarvals, German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, vi. 259

Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, v. 14, 28

Nahum, the prophet, on Nineveh, ix. 390

Nahuntí, an Elamite goddess, ix. 369 _n._ 1

Nahuqua Indians of Brazil, their use of bull-roarers, xi. 230

Nail of coffin in magic, i. 210, 211

Nail-parings swallowed, iii. 246.
_See also_ Nails