Chapter XVII: Part 17

Egypt, the hawk the symbol of the sun and of the king in, iv. 112;
wives of Ammon in, v. 72;
date of the corn-reaping in, v. 231 _n._ 3;
the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, v. 303;
in early June, vi. 31;
the gods flee into, vii. 18;
ghosts of murdered men nailed into the earth in, ix. 63;
Isis and Osiris in, ix. 386

——, ancient, magical images in, i. 66, 67 _sq._;
theocratic despotism of, i. 218;
power of magicians in, i. 225;
confusion of magic and religion in, i. 230 _sq._;
ceremonies for the regulation of the sun in, i. 312;
kings blamed for failure of the crops in, i. 354;
the sacred beasts held responsible for the course of nature in, i. 354;
the royal crowns in, i. 364;
king of, masquerading as Ammon, ii. 133;
sacrifice to the Sun in, iii. 227 _n._;
mock human sacrifices in, iv. 217;
mother-kin in, vi. 213 _sqq._;
human sacrifices in, vii. 259 _sqq._;
stratification of religion in, viii. 35;
story of the external soul in, xi. 134 _sqq._

——, the Flight into, xi. 69 _n._

——, kings of, derive their titles from the sun-god, i. 418.
_See_ Egyptian

——, Lower, the Red Crown of, vi. 21 _n._ 1;
Sais in, vi. 50

——, modern, magicians work enchantments through the name of God in, iii.
390;
headache nailed into a door in, ix. 63;
belief in the jinn in, ix. 104

——, Queen of, married to the god Ammon, ii. 131 _sq._

——-, Upper, temporary kings in, iv. 151 _sq._;
the White Crown of, vi. 21 _n._ 1;
new-born babes placed in corn-sieves in, vii. 7

Egyptian calendar, the official, vi. 24 _sqq._;
date of its introduction, vi. 36 _n._ 2

—— ceremony to help the sun-god against demons, i. 67 _sq._

—— custom of drowning a girl as a sacrifice to the Nile, ii. 151

—— deities arranged in trinities, iv. 5 _n._ 3

—— doctrine that a woman can conceive by a god, ii. 135

—— farmer, calendar of the, vi. 30 _sqq._;
his festivals, vi. 32 _sqq._

—— festivals, their dates shifting, vi. 24 _sq._, 92 _sqq._;
readjustment of, vi. 91 _sqq._

—— gods, mortality of the ancient, iv. 4 _sqq._;
trinities of gods, iv. 5 _n._ 3

—— influence on Christian doctrine of the Trinity, iv. 5 _n._ 3

—— kings deified in their lifetime, i. 418 _sqq._;
rules of life observed by, iii. 12 _sq._;
flesh diet of, iii. 13, 291;
drank no wine, iii. 249;
called bulls, iv. 72;
worshipped as gods, v. 52;
the most ancient, buried at Abydos, vi. 19;
their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi.
26;
perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, vi. 97 _sq._, 102;
as Osiris, vi. 151 _sqq._;
renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen
Osiris, vi. 153 _sq._;
born again at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 _sq._;
perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay,
vi. 154 _sq._, 156;
their animal masks, vii. 260;
deified, their souls deposited during life in portrait statues, xi. 157

—— kings and queens, their begetting and birth depicted on the monuments,
ii. 131 _sqq._

—— magicians, their power of compelling the deities, iii. 389 _sq._

Egyptian months, table of, vi. 37 _n._

—— mothers glad when the holy crocodiles devoured their children, iv. 168
_n._ 1

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, v. 283 _n._ 3

—— priests loathed the sea, iii. 10;
abstained from swine’s flesh, viii. 24 _n._ 2

—— reapers, their lamentations and invocations of Isis, v. 232, vi. 45,
177, vii. 215, 261, 263;
their song or cry, vii. 215, 263

—— religion, the development of, vi. 122 _sqq._;
dominated by Osiris, vi. 158 _sq._

—— sacred beasts, offerings to the, i. 29 _sq._

—— sovereigns masked as lions, bulls, and serpents, iv. 72 _n._ 7

—— standard resembling a placenta, vi. 156 _n._ 1

—— tombs, plaques or palettes of schist in, xi. 155

—— type of animal sacrament, viii. 312 _sq._, 314

—— women plaster their heads with mud in mourning, iii. 182

—— year vague, not corrected by intercalation, vi. 24 _sq._;
the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, vi. 35

Egyptians, their worship of sacred beasts, i. 29 _sq._;
kept their hair unshorn on a journey, iii. 261;
their funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, vi. 15;
their hope of immortality centred in Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._, 114, 159;
their dead identified with Osiris, vi. 16;
their astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year, vi.
26, 27, 37 _n._;
their ceremony at the winter solstice, vi. 50;
their sacrifice of red-haired men, vi. 97, 106;
their language akin to the Semitic, vi. 161;
the conservatism of their character, vi. 217 _sq._;
compared to the Chinese, vi. 218;
worshipped crocodiles, viii. 209 _n._;
their doctrine of the _ka_ or external soul, xi. 157 _n._ 2

——, the ancient, their festival, “the nativity of the sun’s
walking-stick,” i. 312;
worshipped men and animals, i. 389 _sq._;
sycamores worshipped by, ii. 15;
ritual flight at embalming among, ii. 309 _n._ 2;
their conception of the soul, iii. 28 _sq._;
their practice as to souls of the dead, iii. 68 _sq._;
personal names among, iii. 322;
question of their ethnical affinity, vi. 161;
human sacrifices offered by, vii. 259 _sq._, xi. 286 _n._ 2;
their religious attitude to pigs, viii. 24 _sqq._;
their belief in spirits, ix. 103 _sq._;
their use of bulls as scapegoats, ix. 216 _sq._;
the five supplementary days of their year, ix. 340 _sq._

Eifel Mountains, the King of the Bean in the, ix. 313;
Lenten fires in the, x. 115 _sq._, 336 _sq._;
effigy burnt at Cobern in the, x. 120;
St. John’s fires in the, x. 169;
the Yule log in the, x. 248;
Midsummer flowers in the, xi. 48

Eight days, feast and license of, before expulsion of demons, ix. 131

—— years, reign of kings apparently limited in ancient Greece to, iv. 58,
70 _sqq._;
cycle in ancient Greece, iv. 68 _sqq._, vii. 80 _sqq._

Eighty-one (nine times nine) men make need-fire, x. 289, 294, 295

Eimine Ban, an Irish abbot, legend of his self-sacrifice, iv. 159 _n._ 1

_Eiresione_ of ancient Greece, ii. 48, 71

Eisenach, effigy of Death burnt on the fourth Sunday of Lent at, iv. 247;
harvest customs near, vii. 231

—— Oberland, the Corn-cat in the, vii. 280

_Ekebergia sp._, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 210

Eket, in North Calabar, sacred lake near, xi. 209

Ekoi, the, of West Africa, their custom of mutilating men and women at
festivals, v. 270 _n._ 2;
ceremony observed by them at crossing a ford, ix. 28;
throw leaves on dead chameleons, ix. 28;
their belief in external or bush souls, xi. 206 _sqq._

El, Phoenician god, v. 13, 16 _n._ 1;
identified with Cronus, v. 166

—— -Bûgât, festival of mourning for Tammuz in Harran, v. 230

—— Kiboron, a Masai clan, may not pluck out their beards lest they lose
their power of making rain, iii. 260;
their respect for serpents as embodiments of the dead, viii. 288

—— Obeid, i. 122

Elam, the kings of, their bones carried off by Ashurbanipal, vi. 103 _sq._

Elamite deities in opposition to Babylonian deities, ix. 366;
inscriptions, ix. 367

Elamites, the hereditary foes of the Babylonians, ix. 366

_Elangela_, external soul in Fan language, xi. 201, 226 _n._ 1

Elans treated with respect by American Indians, viii. 240

Elaphebolion, an Athenian month, ix. 143 _n._, 351

Elaphius, an Elean month, x. 352

Elbe, the river, dangerous on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

Elder brother, his name not to be pronounced, iii. 341;
the sin of marrying before an, ix. 3

Elder, dwarf, in rain-making, i. 273

—— -bush, cut hair buried under an, iii. 275;
creeping under an, as a cure for fever, ix. 55

—— -flowers gathered at Midsummer, xi. 64

—— -tree, cut hair and nails inserted in an, iii. 275 _sq._;
fever transferred to a twig of the, ix. 49

—— -trees sacred among the old Prussians, ii. 43

Elders, council of, in savage communities, i. 216 _sq._

Eldest sons sacrificed for their fathers, iv. 161 _sqq._

Elecampane in a popular remedy for worms, x. 17

Elective and hereditary monarchy, combination of the two, ii. 292 _sqq._

—— kings and hereditary queens, ii. 295

Electric conductivity of various kinds of wood, xi. 299 _n._ 2

—— lights on mast-heads, spears, etc., ancient superstitions as to, i. 49
_sq._

Electricity, spiritual, royal personages charged with, i. 371

Elephant-hunters, taboos observed by wives of absent, i. 120, x. 5;
telepathy of, i. 123;
scarify themselves after killing an elephant, iii. 107;
continence of, iii. 196 _sq._;
special language employed by, iii. 404;
not to touch the earth with their feet, x. 5

—— -hunting, inoculation before, viii. 160

Elephant’s flesh tabooed, i. 118 _sq._;
thought to make eater strong, viii. 143

Elephants not to be called by their proper name, iii. 403, 407;
souls of dead transmigrate into, iv. 85, viii. 289;
ceremonies observed at the slaughter of, viii. 227 _sq._, 237;
lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 202, 203;
external human souls in, xi. 207

Eleusine grain, cultivated by the Nandi, vii. 117

Eleusinian Games, vii. 70 _sqq._, 110, 180;
held every four or two years, vii. 70, 77;
victors in the, rewarded with measures of barley, vii. 73;
primarily concerned with Demeter and Persephone as goddesses of the
corn, vii. 74;
less ancient than the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 87 _sq._

—— inscription dealing with first-fruits, vii. 55 _sq._

—— mysteries, vii. 35 _sqq._;
presided over by the king, i. 44;
sacred marriage of Zeus and Demeter in the, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 65
_sqq._, viii. 9;
origin of, told in the Homeric _Hymn to Demeter_, vii. 35 _sqq._;
instituted by Demeter, vii. 37;
the myth of Demeter and Persephone acted at the, vii. 39, 66, 187 _sq._;
date of the celebration of the, vii. 69 _sq._;
said to be instituted by Eumolpus, vii. 70;
great antiquity of the, vii. 78 _sq._;
hope of immortality associated with initiation into the, vii. 90 _sq._;
designed to promote the growth of the corn, vii. 110 _sq._;
sacrament of barley-meal and water at the, vii. 161 _sq._

Eleusinian priests, their names sacred, iii. 382 _sq._

Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. 138 _sq._, vii. 35 _sqq._;
Demeter and the king’s son at, v. 180;
sacrifice of oxen at, v. 292 _n._ 3;
mysteries of Demeter at, vi. 90;
Demeter at, vii. 36 _sq._, viii. 334;
the Rarian plain at, vii. 36, 70, 74, 234, viii. 15;
offerings of first-fruits at, vii. 53 _sqq._;
festival of the threshing-floor at, vii. 60 _sqq._;
the Green Festival and the Festival of Cornstalks at, vii. 63;
image of Demeter at, vii. 64;
prayer for rain at, vii. 69;
the rites of, essentially concerned with the cultivation of the corn,
vii. 88;
Varro on the rites of, vii. 88

Eleutherian games at Plataea, vii. 80

Elfin race averse to iron, iii. 232 _sq._

Elgin, medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84

Elgon, Mount, ix. 246;
the Bagishu of, i. 103

Eli, the sons of, their loose conduct, v. 76

Elijah as a rain-maker, i. 258 _n._ 3;
patch of rye left at harvest for, vii. 233

Elipandus of Toledo, on the divinity of Christians, i. 407

Elis, titular kings at, i. 46 _n._;
Dionysus hailed as a bull by the women of, vii. 17;
the ivory shoulder of Pelops at, viii. 263 _sq._

——, law of, ix. 352 _n._ 2

Elisha prophesies to music, v. 53, 54;
finds water in the desert, v. 53, 75

Elizabeth, Queen, touches for scrofula, i. 368

Elk, a totem of the Omahas, viii. 25;
treated with respect, viii. 240;
embryos of, not eaten, viii. 243

Elk clan of the Omaha Indians, their belief as to effect of touching an
elk, viii. 29;
their sacred clam shell, x. 11

Ellgoth, in Silesia, the King’s Race at Whitsuntide at, ii. 84

Elliot, R. H., on Indian indifference to death, iv. 136

Ellis, A. B., on Ewe superstition as to eating, iii. 116;
on the supposed material connexion between a man and his name, iii. 323;
on sacred prostitution in West Africa, v. 65 _sq._, 69 _sq._;
on tattoo marks of priests, v. 74 _n._ 4;
on an ordeal of chastity, v. 115

Ellis, William, on the inspiration of priests in the Southern Pacific, i.
377 _sq._;
on the observation of the Pleiades in the Society Islands, vii. 312;
on _faditras_ in Madagascar, ix. 33 _sq._;
on Polynesian mythology, ix. 80

Ellwangen, in Würtemberg, the Goat at threshing at, vii. 287

Elm wood in the pile-dwellings of the Po, ii. 353;
used to kindle need-fire, x. 299

Elopango, in Mexico, human sacrifices at, vii. 237

Eloquence, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 156

Elpenor, the grave of, on the headland of Circe, ii. 188

Elves, fear of, iii. 283

Elymais, Nanaea the goddess of, i. 37 _n._ 2

Emain, in Ireland, annual fair at, iv. 100

—— Macha, in Ireland, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Embalming, flight and pursuit of man who opened body for purpose of, ii.
309 _n._ 2;
as a means of prolonging the life of the soul, iv. 4;
dead bodies of kings of Uganda embalmed, vi. 168

Embers of bonfires planted in fields, x. 117, 121;
stuck in cabbage gardens, x. 174, 175;
promote growth of crops, x. 337.
_See also_ Ashes _and_ Sticks, charred

—— of Midsummer fires a protection against conflagration, x. 188;
a protection against lightning, x. 190

_Emblica officinalis_, a sacred tree in Northern India, ii. 51

Embodied evils, expulsion of, ix. 170 _sqq._

Embodiment, human, of the corn-spirit, viii. 333

Emboq Sri, rice-bride in Java, vii. 200 _sq._

Embryos of elk not eaten, viii. 243

Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, v. 35

Emetic as mode of purification, iii. 175, 245;
pretended, in auricular confession, iii. 214

Emetics used before eating new corn, viii. 73, 75 _sq._, 76, 135;
sacred, employed by the Creek Indians, viii. 74;
as remedies for sins, ix. 263

Emily plain of Central Australia, xi. 238

Emin Pasha, on the Monbutto custom of lengthening the head, ii. 297 _n._
7;
his reception in a village, iii. 108

Emma, widow of Ethelred and wife of Canute, ii. 282 _sq._

Emmenthal, in Switzerland, superstition as to Midsummer Day in the, xi.
27;
use of orpine at Midsummer in the, xi. 62 _n._

Empedocles, his claim to divinity, i. 390;
leaps into the crater of Etna, v. 181;
his doctrine of transmigration, viii. 300 _sqq._;
his resemblance to Buddha, viii. 302;
his theory of the material universe like that of Herbert Spencer, viii.
303 _sqq._;
as a forerunner of Darwin, viii. 306;
his posing as a god, viii. 307

Emperor of China, funeral of an, v. 294

Emperors of China as priests, i. 47

Emu-wren, called men’s “brother” among the Kurnai, xi. 215 _n._ 1, 216,
218

Emu’s flesh eaten to make eater swift-footed, viii. 145;
fat not allowed to touch the ground, x. 13

Emus, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85 _sq._

En, the, of Burma, worship the spirits of hills and trees, ii. 41

_En gidon_, a Masai clan, i. 343

En-jemusi, the, of British East Africa, women’s work among the, vii. 118

Ἐναγίζειν distinguished from Θύειν, v. 316 _n._ 1

Enchanters of crops, foods forbidden to, vii. 100

Encheleans or Eel-men in Illyria, iv. 84

Encounter Bay tribe of South Australia, magic practised on refuse of food
by, iii. 127;
their fear of women’s blood, iii. 251;
namesakes of the dead change their names in the, iii. 355;
changes in their vocabulary caused by their fear of naming the dead,
iii. 359;
names of the recent dead not mentioned in the, iii. 372;
division of work between the sexes in the, vii. 126;
their dread of women at menstruation, x. 76

Endle, Rev. S., on the fear of demons among the Kacharis, ix. 93

Endymion and the Moon, i. 18;
set his sons to race at Olympia, ii. 299;
the sunken sun overtaken by the moon, iv. 90;
his tomb at Olympia, iv. 287

Enemies, mutilation of dead, viii. 271 _sq._

Enemy, animal, of god originally identical with god, vii. 23, viii. 16
_sq._, 31

——, charms to disable an, vi. 252

Energy, the conservation of, viii. 226;
sanctity and uncleanness, different forms of the same mysterious, x. 97
_sq._

Eneti, in Washington State, rain-charm at, i. 309

Englam-Mana, a tribe of New Guinea, their mode of making fire, ii. 254

England, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 168;
custom of anointing the weapon instead of the wound in the eastern
counties of, i. 203;
green branches and flowers on May Day in the north of, ii. 60;
May garlands in, ii. 60 _sqq._;
the May Queen in, ii. 87;
rolling down a slope on May Day in, ii. 103;
oak and fir in the sunken forests and peat-bogs of, ii. 351;
acorns eaten in, ii. 356; mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;
harvest custom in, v. 237;
the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 78 _sq._;
superstitions as to the wren in, viii. 317 _sq._;
mummer called the Straw-bear in, viii. 328 _sq._;
cure for warts in, ix. 48;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 313;
fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318;
the Festival of Fools in, ix. 336 _n._ 1;
the Boy Bishop in, ix. 337 _sq._;
belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 _n._ 1;
Midsummer fires in, x. 196 _sqq._;
the Yule log in, x. 255 _sqq._;
the need-fire in, x. 286 _sqq._;
Midsummer giants in, xi. 36 _sqq._;
divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 61;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65;
the north of, mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive in, xi. 85 _sq._;
birth-trees in, xi. 165;
children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for rupture or rickets
in, xi. 168 _sqq._;
oak-mistletoe in, xi. 316

English cure for whooping-cough, rheumatism, and boils, xi. 180

—— custom of undoing locks and bolts at a death, iii. 307

—— kings touch for scrofula, i. 368 _sqq._

—— middle class, their clinging to life, iv. 146

—— superstition as to water-fairies, iii. 94

Enigmas, ceremonial use of, ix. 121 _n._ 3.
_See_ Riddles

Ἐννέωρος βασίλευε, iv. 70 _n._ 3

Enniskerry, near Dublin, Whit-Monday custom observed near, ii. 103 _n._ 3

Ennius, on Hora and Quirinus, vi. 233

Ensanzi, a forest of Central Africa, dead Bahima kings carried to, viii.
288

Ensival, in Belgium, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent at, x. 108

_Entellus_ monkey, sacrifice of an, ix. 208 _sq._

Entlebuch in Switzerland, expulsion of Posterli at, ix. 214

Entraigues, hunting the wren at, viii. 321

Entrails of cattle tabooed as food, i. 119;
divination by the inspection of, i. 344;
external soul in, xi. 146 _sq._, 152

“Entry of Osiris into the moon,” vi. 130

Enylus, king of Byblus, v. 15 _n._

Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 7, 37 _sq._, ii. 128, v. 269;
titular kings at, i. 47;
the Essenes or King Bees at, ii. 135 _sq._;
Hecate at, v. 291;
the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, vi. 243 _sq._;
Demeter worshipped at, vii. 63 _n._ 14

Ephors, Spartan, bound to observe the sky for omens every eighth year, iv.
58 _sq._

_Epic of Kings_, Firdusi’s, x. 104

Epicurus, sacrifices offered to, i. 105

Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, v. 80, ix. 47;
Demeter worshipped at, vii. 63 _n._ 14

Epidemic, creeping through a tunnel as a remedy for an, x. 283 _sq._

Epidemics thought to be caused by incest, ii. 108;
attributed to evil spirits, iii. 30;
sacrifices in times of, iv. 176 _n._ 1;
attributed to demons, ix. 111 _sqq._;
kept off by means of a plough, ix. 172 _sq._;
sent away in toy chariots, ix. 193 _sq._

Epilepsy, supposed cause of, iii. 83;
attributed to possession by a demon, iii. 235;
transferred to leaves, ix. 2;
Highland treatment of, ix. 68 _n._ 2;
Roman cure for, ix. 68;
nails used in cure for, ix. 68, 330;
Hindoo cure for, ix. 69 _n._;
cured by beating, ix. 260;
amulet a protection against, ix. 331;
yellow mullein a protection against, xi. 63;
mistletoe a cure for, xi. 78, 83, 84.
_See also_ Falling sickness

Epimenides, the Cretan seer, his rambling soul, iii. 50 _n._ 2

Épinal, “killing the dog” at harvest at, vii. 272 _sq._;
Lenten fires at, x. 109

Epiphany, the 6th of January, v. 305;
part of Christmas Boar given to cattle on, vii. 302;
annual expulsion of the powers of evil at, ix. 165 _sqq._;
the King of the Bean on, ix. 313 _sqq._
_See also_ Twelfth Night

Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus, vi. 104;
the Athamanes of, vii. 129

Epitherses and the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6

Epithets applied to Demeter, vii. 63 _sq._

Eponymate, the Assyrian, iv. 116 _sq._

Eponymous magistrates, iv. 117 _n._ 1

Eponyms, annual, as scapegoats, ix. 39 _sqq._

Equinox, the autumnal, Egyptian festival of “the nativity of the sun’s
walking-stick” after the, i. 312

——, the spring (vernal), festival at Upsala at, ii. 364;
Babylonian festival of the, iv. 110;
drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257;
custom of swinging at, iv. 284;
resurrection of Attis at, v. 273, 307 _sq._;
date of the Crucifixion assigned to, v. 307;
tradition that the world was created at, v. 307;
human sacrifice offered soon after, vii. 239;
festival of Cronus at, ix. 352;
Persian marriages at, ix. 406 _n._ 3

Equos, a Gallic month, ix. 343 _n._

Erech, Babylonian city, Ishtar at, ix. 398, 399

Erechtheum, on the Acropolis of Athens, perpetual lamp of Athena in the,
ii. 199;
sacred serpent in, iv. 87, v. 87

Erechtheus or Erichthonius, and Minerva (Athena), i. 21;
king of Athens, the Erechtheum his house, ii. 199;
in relation to the sacred serpent on the Acropolis, iv. 86 _sq._, v. 87;
identified with Poseidon, iv. 87;
voluntary death of the daughters of, iv. 192 _n._ 3;
his incest with his daughter, v. 44 _n._ 1;
the Eleusinian mysteries instituted in the reign of, vii. 70

Eregh (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappadocia, v. 120, 122

Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, v. 9

Erfurt, harvest customs in the district of, vii. 136, 221

Ergamenes, king of Meroe, slays the priests, iv. 15

Erhard, Professor A., on the martyrdom of St. Dasius, ii. 310 _n._ 1

_Erica_-tree, Osiris in the, vi. 9, 108, 109

Erichthonius, son of the fire-god Hephaestus, ii. 199.
_See_ Erechtheus

Erigone, her suicide by hanging, iv. 281 _sq._

—— and Icarius, first-fruits of vintage offered to, viii. 133

Erin, the king idol of, iv. 183

Eriphyle, the necklace of, v. 32 _n._ 2

Eriskay, fairies at Hallowe’en in, x. 226;
salt cake at Hallowe’en in, x. 238 _sq._

Erithasean Apollo, sacred trees in the sanctuary of, ii. 121

Erlangen, the “carrying out of Death” in the villages near, iv. 234

Erman, Professor Adolf, on the confusion of magic and religion in ancient
Egypt, i. 230;
on Anubis at Abydos, vi. 18 _n._ 3;
on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, vi. 91;
on the development of Egyptian religion, vi. 122 _n._ 2

_Erme_ or _Nenneri_, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, v. 244

Errephoroi or Arrephoroi at Athens, ii. 199

Errol, the Hays of, their fate bound up with oak-mistletoe, xi. 283 _sq._

Error of judging savages by European standards, iv. 197 _sq._

Ertingen, in Würtemberg, the Lazy Man on Midsummer Day at, ii. 83;
festival of St. George at, ii. 337

Erukhan plant (_Calotropis gigatea_), man married to, in India, ii. 57
_n._ 4

Eruptions of volcanoes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 111

Erysipelas, fox’s tongue a remedy for, viii. 270

Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, iv. 208 _sq._;
young men and women beat each other with something green at Christmas in
the, ix. 271

Esagil or Esagila, temple of Marduk at Babylon, iv. 113, ix. 356

Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, his great inscription, iv. 116

_Escouvion_ or _Scouvion_, the Great and the Little, in Belgium, x. 108

Eshmun, Phoenician deity, v. 111 _n._ 6

Esne, the festal calendar of, vi. 49 _sq._

Esquiline Hill at Rome, its name derived from oaks, ii. 185;
the oak groves of the, ii. 320

Esquimaux, their belief as to the sculpin and rain, i. 288;
play cat’s cradle to detain the sun, i. 316 _sq._, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
play cup-and-ball to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317;
their ways of calming the wind, i. 327 _sq._;
their conception of the soul, iii. 27;
their dread of being photographed, iii. 96;
ceremony at the reception of strangers among the, iii. 108;
avoid dishes used by women in childbed, iii. 145;
their ideas as to the dangerous vapour exhaled by lying-in women, iii.
152;
taboos observed by hunters among the Esquimaux after killing sea-beasts,
iii. 205 _sq._;
use of iron implements tabooed at certain times among the, iii. 228;
taboos observed by them after a death, iii. 237;
take new names when they are old, iii. 319;
unwilling to tell their names, iii. 328;
namesakes of the dead among the, iii. 371;
their belief that animals understand human speech, iii. 399;
suicide among the, iv. 43;
their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65;
their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 131 _n._;
dramatic contest between Winter and Summer among the, iv. 259;
their belief in the resurrection of seals, viii. 257;
careful not to break bones of deer, viii. 258 _n._ 2;
their reluctance to let dogs gnaw the bones of animals, viii. 259;
their superstition as to various meats, x. 13 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 55;
ceremony of the new fire among the, x. 134;
their custom at eclipses, x. 162 _n._

Esquimaux of Aivilik and Iglulik, magical telepathy among the, i. 121
_sq._

—— of Alaska, taboos observed by women in absence of whalers among the, i.
121;
their annual festival of the dead, v. 51 _sq._;
their custom at killing a fox, viii. 267;
child’s soul deposited in a bag among the, xi. 155

—— of Baffin Land, boys forbidden to play cat’s cradle among the, i. 113;
their use of a fox in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;
their women in mourning may not mention the names of animals, iii. 399;
their custom when a boy has killed his first seal, viii. 257;
their expulsion of Sedna, ix. 125 _sq._

—— or Inuit of Bering Strait, iii. 205;
manslayers among the, i. 9;
their use of magical images, i. 70;
their annual festival of bladders, iii. 206 _sq._;
drank blood of foes to acquire their bravery, viii. 150;
their ceremony of restoring the bladders of dead sea-beasts to the sea,
viii. 247 _sqq._;
uncleanness of girl at puberty among the, viii. 268 _n._ 4;
cut the sinews of bad dead men to prevent their ghosts from walking,
viii. 272;
their masquerades, ix. 379 _sq._;
their belief as to menstruous women, x. 91

——, the Central, dietary rules of, viii. 84;
their ceremonious treatment of dead sea-beasts, viii. 246;
the tug-of-war among the, ix. 174

—— of Hudson Bay, propitiate the spirit who controls the reindeer, viii.
245 _sq._

—— of Labrador, their fear of demons, ix. 79 _sq._

—— of Point Barrow, Alaska, return the bones of seals to the sea, viii.
258 _n._ 2;
their expulsion of the mischievous spirit Tuña, ix. 124 _sq._

Esquimaux mourners plug their nostrils, iii. 32

Essenes or King Bees at Ephesus, i. 47 _n._ 2, ii. 135 _sq._

Essex, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 204;
May garlands in, ii. 60;
hunting the wren in, viii. 320

Esther, the story of, acted as a comedy at Purim, ix. 364;
her name equivalent to Ishtar, Astarte, ix. 365;
fast of, ix. 397 _sq._

——, the book of, its date and purpose, ix. 360;
its Persian colouring, ix. 362, 401;
based on a Babylonian myth, ix. 398;
duplication of the personages in, ix. 400 _sq._;
the personages unmasked, ix. 405 _sqq._

—— and Mordecai equivalent to Ishtar and Marduk, ix. 405;
the duplicates of Vashti and Haman, ix. 405 _sq._

Esther and Vashti, ix. 365;
temporary queens, ix. 401

Esthonia, the Christmas Boar in, vii. 302;
bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29;
flowers gathered for divination and magic at Midsummer in, xi. 53 _sq._

Esthonian belief as to the effect of seeing women’s blood, iii. 251

—— celebration of St. John’s Day by swings and bonfires, iv. 280

—— charm to make a wolf disgorge his prey, i. 135

—— charms to make cabbages thrive, i. 136 _sq._

—— custom of throwing a knife, hat, stick, or stone at a whirlwind, i.
329, 330

—— fishermen, their use of curses for good luck, i. 280 _sq._

—— mode of strengthening weakly children by means of hemp seed, vii. 11

—— peasants threaten cabbages to make them grow, ii. 22;
loth to mention wild beasts by their proper names, iii. 398;
regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, vi. 135;
their treatment of weevils, viii. 274

—— reapers slash the wind with their sickles, i. 329;
their belief as to pains in the back, vii. 285

Esthonians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211, 212;
their ways of raising the wind, i. 323;
their dread of Finnish witches and wizards, i. 325;
their sacred trees, ii. 43;
their worship of Metsik, a mischievous forest-spirit, ii. 55;
their folk-tale of a tree-elf, ii. 71 _sqq._;
their custom of leading a bride to the hearth, ii. 231;
their custom of leading a bride thrice round a burning tree, ii. 234;
St. George’s Day among the, ii. 330 _sqq._;
sacrifice under holy trees for the welfare of their horses, ii. 332;
their thunder-god Taara, ii. 367;
oak worshipped by the, ii. 367;
their superstition as to a water-mill, iii. 232;
refuse to taste blood, iii. 240;
preserve their nail-parings against the day of judgment, iii. 280;
their belief as to shooting stars, iv. 63, 66 _sq._;
their custom on Shrove Tuesday, iv. 233, 252 _sq._;
their celebration of St. John’s Day, iv. 280;
their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 143;
their Christmas Boar, vii. 302 _sq._;
their mode of transferring bad luck to trees, ix. 54;
their expulsion of the devil, ix. 173;
Midsummer fires among the, x. 179 _sq._

—— of Oesel, their belief as to absence of souls from bodies, iii. 41
_sq._;
call the last sheaf the Rye-boar, vii. 298, 300;
their custom at eating new corn, viii. 51;
cull St. John’s herbs on St. John’s Day, xi. 49

Estremadura, acorns as fodder for hogs in, ii. 356

Etatin, on the Cross River, in Southern Nigeria, the chief as fetish-man
at, i. 349

Eteobutads as umbrella-bearers at the festival of Scira, x. 20 _n._ 1

Eteocles and Polynices, their grave at Thebes, ii. 33

Eternal life, initiates born again to, in the rites of Cybele and Attis,
v. 274 _sq._

Etesian winds, v. 35 _n._ 1

Ethelbald, king of the West Saxons, marries his stepmother, ii. 283

Ethelbert, king of Kent, ii. 283

Ethelwulf, king of the West Saxons, ii. 283

Ethical evolution, iii. 218 _sq._

—— precepts developed out of savage taboos, iii. 214

Ethiopia, priestly kings in, iii. 13;
shut up in their palace, iii. 124;
chosen for their beauty, iv. 38 _sq._

Ethiopian kings of Meroe put to death, iv. 15, 38

Ethiopians, succession to the kingdom among the, ii. 296 _sq._

Etiquette at courts of barbarian kings, iv. 39 _sq._

Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, v. 156, 157;
the death of Empedocles on, v. 181;
the ashes of, v. 194;
offerings thrown into the craters of, v. 221;
Demeter said to have lit her torches at the craters of, vii. 57

Eton, Midsummer fires at, x. 197

Eton College, Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

Etruria, funeral games at Agylla in, iv. 95;
actors fetched from, to Rome in time of plague, ix. 65

Etruscan crown, ii. 175 _n._ 1

—— letters, ii. 186, 186 _n._ 4

—— wizards, i. 310

Etruscans, female kinship among the, ii. 286 _sq._;
their alleged Lydian descent, ii. 287;
their ceremony at founding cities, iv. 157

Etymology, its uncertainty as a base for mythological theories, viii. 41
_n._

Euboea subject to earthquakes, v. 211;
date of threshing in, v. 232 _n._;
harvest custom in, v. 238

Eubuleus, legendary swineherd, brother of Triptolemus, viii. 19

Eubulus, sacrifices offered to, at Eleusis, vii. 56

Eucharist partaken of by Catholics fasting, viii. 83

Eudanemi at Athens, i. 325 _n._ 1

Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek astronomer, on the Egyptian festivals, vi. 35
_n._ 2;
corrections of the Greek calendar perhaps due to, vii. 81;
on the utility of the pig in ancient Egypt, viii. 30

Euhemerism, a theory of mythology, ix. 385

Euhemerists, ix. 385

_Eukleia_, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 _n._ 1

Eumolpids direct the sacrifices of first-fruits, vii. 56

Eumolpus, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37;
said to have founded the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 70;
founder of priestly Eleusinian family, vii. 73

Eunuch priests of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38;
of the Mother Goddess, v. 206;
in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, v. 269 _sq._;
in various lands, v. 270 _n._ 2;
of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, v. 278;
of Cybele, vi. 258

Eunuchs, dances of, v. 270 _n._ 2, 271 _n._;
dedicated to a goddess in India, v. 271 _n._;
sacred, at Hierapolis-Bambyce, their rule as to the pollution of death,
vi. 272;
perform a ceremony for the fertility of the fields, x. 340

Euphemisms employed for certain animals, iii. 397 _sqq._;
for smallpox, iii. 400, 410, 411, 416

_Euphorbia antiquorum_, cactus, hung at door of house where there is a
lying-in woman, iii. 155

—— _lathyris_, caper-spurge, sometimes identified with the mythical
springwort, xi. 69

Euphorbus the Trojan, the soul of Pythagoras in, viii. 300

Euphorion of Chalcis, Greek writer, on Roman indifference to death, iv.
143, 144

Euripides, the _Hippolytus_ of, i. 25;
on Artemis as a midwife, i. 37;
on the dragon at Delphi, iv. 79;
on the death of Pentheus, vi. 98 _n._ 5;
his account of Aegisthus pelting the tomb of Agamemnon with stones, ix.
19;
his play on Meleager, xi. 103 _n._ 2

Europa, a personification of the moon conceived as a cow, ii. 88;
and Zeus, iv. 73;
her wanderings, iv. 89

Europe, dancing or leaping high as a homoeopathic charm to make crops grow
high in, i. 137;
the Hand of Glory in, i. 148 _sq._;
belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167;
treatment of the navel-string and afterbirth in, i. 198 _sqq._;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 _sq._;
confusion of magic and religion in modern, i. 231-233;
the belief in magic in modern, i. 235 _sq._;
forests of ancient, ii. 7 _sq._;
the May-tree or May-pole as an instrument of fertility in, ii. 51 _sq._;
relics of tree-worship in modern, ii. 59 _sqq._;
Midsummer festival in, ii. 272 _sq._;
diffusion of the oak in, ii. 349 _sqq._;
peat-bogs of, ii. 350 _sqq._;
the lake-dwellings of, ii. 352 _sq._;
fear of having one’s likeness taken in, iii. 100;
spitting as a charm in, iii. 279;
belief as to consummation of marriage being impeded by knots and locks
in, iii. 299;
beliefs as to shooting stars in, iv. 66 _sqq._;
fear of death in, iv. 135 _sq._, 146;
custom of showing money to the new moon in, vi. 148 _sq._;
barley and wheat cultivated in prehistoric, vii. 79;
transference of evil in, ix. 47 _sqq._;
faith in magic and witchcraft in Christian, ix. 89;
annual expulsion of demons and witches in, ix. 155 _sqq._;
annual expulsion of evils in, ix. 207 _sq._;
folk-custom of “carrying out Death” in, ix. 227 _sq._;
masquerades in modern, ix. 251 _sq._;
superstitions as to menstruous women in, x. 96 _sq._;
the fire-festivals of, x. 106 _sqq._;
great dread of witchcraft in, xi. 342;
birth-trees in, xi. 165;
belief in, that strength of witches and wizards is in their hair, xi.
158

Europe, Eastern, great popular festival of herdsmen and shepherds on St.
George’s Day in, ii. 330

——, Eastern and Central, custom of beating people and cattle in spring in,
ix. 266

——, mediaeval, belief in demons in, ix. 105 _sq._;
human scapegoats in, ix. 214

——, Northern, human sacrifices in, iv. 214;
Corn-mother and Corn-maiden in, vii. 131 _sqq._

—— South-Eastern, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 272 _sqq._;
superstitions as to shadows in, iii. 89 _sq._

European custom as to green bushes on May Day, ii. 56

—— processions of animals or of men disguised as animals, viii. 325

—— rule that children’s nails should not be paired, iii. 262 _sq._

Euros, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 89;
homoeopathic charm to catch, i. 162

Eurydice, Orpheus and, xi. 294

Eurylochus rids Aegina of a snake, iv. 87 _n._ 5

Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 30 _n._ 3, v. 37 _n._ 2, 73 _n._ 1

Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, v. 123, 132, 133 _n._;
bull worshipped at, v. 164

Evadne and Capaneus, v. 177 _n._ 3

Evans, D. Silvan, on the sin-eater in Wales, ix. 44

Evans, Sebastian, as to a passage in the _History of the Holy Graal_, iv.
122 _n._ 1

Eve and Adam, Mr. W. R. Paton’s theory of, ix. 259 _n._ 3

Eve, Christmas, the fern blooms on, xi. 66

——, Easter, in Albania, iv. 265;
the fern blooms on, xi. 66

——, Fingan, in the Isle of Man, x. 266

—— of St. John (Midsummer Eve), Russian ceremony on, iv. 262

—— of Samhain (Hallowe’en) in Ireland, x. 139.
_See also_ Christmas Eve, Easter Eve, St. John’s Eve, etc.

Evelyn, John, on Charles II. touching for scrofula, i. 369

Evening Star, Keats’s sonnet to the, i. 166;
the goddess of the, ix. 369 _n._ 1

Everek (Caesarea), in Asia Minor, creeping through a rifted rock at, xi.
189

Evergreen oak, the Golden Bough grew on, ii. 379

—— trees in Italy, i. 8

Evessen, in Brunswick, toothache nailed into a tree at, ix. 59 _sq._

Evil, the transference of, ix. 1 _sqq._;
transferred to other people, ix. 5 _sqq._, 47 _sqq._;
transferred to sticks and stones, ix. 8 _sqq._;
transferred to animals, ix. 31 _sqq._, 49 _sqq._;
transferred to men, ix. 38 _sqq._;
transference of, in Europe, ix. 47 _sqq._;
transferred to inanimate objects, ix. 53 _sq._;
transferred to trees or bushes, ix. 54 _sqq._
_See also_ Evils

Evil Eye, bad names a protection against the, i. 280;
dreaded at eating, iii. 116 _sq._;
boys dressed as girls to avert the, vi. 260;
bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, vi. 261;
disguises to avert the, vi. 262;
preservatives against the, viii. 326 _n._ 3;
rain-water mixed with tar, a protection against the, x. 17.
_See also_ Eye, the Evil

—— spirit, mode of cure for possession by an, xi. 186

—— spirits transferred from men to animals, ix. 31;
banishment of, ix. 86;
driven away at the New Year, x. 134 _sq._;
kept off by fire, x. 282, 285 _sq._;
St. John’s herbs a protection against, xi. 49;
kept off by flowers gathered at Midsummer, xi. 53 _sq._;
creeping through cleft trees to escape the pursuit of, xi. 173 _sqq._
_See also_ Demons

Evil-Merodach, Babylonian king, ix. 367 _n._ 2

Evils transferred to trees, ix. 54 _sqq._;
nailed into trees, walls, etc., ix. 59 _sqq._;
public expulsion of, ix. 109 _sqq._, 185 _sqq._;
periodic expulsion of, ix. 123 _sqq._, 198 _sqq._;
expulsion of embodied, ix. 170 _sqq._;
expulsion of, in a material vehicle, ix. 185 _sqq._;
expulsion of, timed to coincide with some well-marked change of season,
ix. 224 _sq._
_See also_ Expulsion

Evolution of kings out of magicians or medicine-men, i. 420 _sq._;
industrial, from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421;
political, from democracy to despotism, i. 421;
ethical, iii. 218 _sq._;
religious, powerful influence of the fear of the dead on the course of,
viii. 36 _sq._

—— and dissolution, viii. 305 _sq._

Ewe, white-footed, as scapegoat, ix. 192 _sq._
_See also_ Ewes

Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, v. 90

—— hunters, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212;
of Togo-land, their ceremony after killing an antelope, viii. 244

—— negroes, their festival of new yams, viii. 58 _sqq._;
their belief as to the spirit-land, viii. 105 _sq._;
their ceremonies after killing leopards, viii. 228 _sqq._;
feed their nets, viii. 240 _n._ 1;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 82

—— negroes of Guinea worship falling stars, iv. 61 _sq._

—— negroes of the Slave Coast, their charm to catch a runaway slave, i.
317;
their reverence for silk-cotton trees, ii. 15;
human wives of gods among the, ii. 149;
taboos observed by their kings, iii. 9;
their belief as to spirits entering the body through the mouth, iii.
116;
their kings not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 119;
penance for killing a python among the, iii. 222;
a mother’s vow among the, iii. 263;
their belief that a man can be injured through his name, iii. 323;
rebirth of ancestors among the, iii. 369;
sacred prostitution among the, v. 65 _sq._;
worship pythons, v. 83 _n._ 1;
their conception of the rain-god as a horseman, viii. 45;
their belief in demons, ix. 74 _sqq._

—— negroes of Togo-land, their festival in honour of Earth, iii. 247;
reincarnation of the dead among the, iii. 369;
their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, v. 282 _n._ 2;
their use of clay images as substitutes to save the lives of people,
viii. 105 _sq._;
their worship of the Earth, viii. 115;
their worship of goddess Mawu Sodza, viii. 115;
their propitiation of slain leopards, wild buffaloes, etc., viii. 228
_sqq._

Ewe-speaking negroes deem the heart the seat of courage and intellect,
viii. 149

—— -speaking people of West Africa, their contagious magic of footprints,
i. 210;
eat elephant’s flesh to become strong, viii. 143

Ewes and rams, the time for coupling, ii. 328, 328 _n._ 4

Exaggerations of anthropological theories, i. 333

Exchange of wives at appearance of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 _n._ 1;
of dress between men and women in rites, vi. 259 _n._ 3;
of dress at marriage, vi. 260 _sqq._;
of dress at circumcision, vi. 263

Exclusion of strangers, iii. 108 _sq._, vii. 94, 111

Excommunication of human scapegoat, ix. 254

Excuses offered by savages to the animals they kill, viii. 222 _sqq._

Execution, peculiar modes of, for members of royal families, iii. 241
_sqq._;
Roman mode of, iv. 144;
by stoning, ix. 24 _n._ 2

Executioners, their precautions against the ghosts of their victims, iii.
171 _sq._;
seclusion and scarification of, iii. 180 _sq._;
taste the blood of their victims, viii. 155

Exeter, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Exile of gods for perjury, iv. 70 _n._ 1

Exodus (xiii. 1 _sq._, 12, xxii. 29 _sq._, xxxiv. 19), on the
sanctification of the first-born, iv. 172

Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands, vi. 204

—— classes in Duke of York Island, xi. 248 _n._

Exogamy, ii. 271, iv. 130

Exorcising harmful influence of strangers, iii. 102 _sqq._

Exorcism of demons of sickness, iii. 105 _sq._;
of ghosts after a funeral, iii. 106 _sq._;
of demons by devil dancers, iv. 216;
by means of music, v. 54 _sq._;
of devils in Morocco, ix. 63;
of demons in China, ix. 99;
annual, of the evil spirit in Japan, ix. 143 _sq._;
of spirits at sowing the seed, ix. 235;
Nicobarese ceremony of, ix. 262;
of evil spirits at a funeral ceremony, x. 5;
and ordeals, x. 66;
at Easter, x. 123;
of vermin with torches, x. 340;
use of St. John’s wort in, xi. 55;
use of mugwort in, xi. 60;
by vervain, xi. 62 _n._ 4.
_See also_ Demons _and_ Expulsion

Exorcists, ix. 2 _sq._, 33

Expiation by means of blood for sexual crimes, ii. 107 _sqq._;
for adultery or fornication, ii. 109 _sq._;
for incest, ii. 110 _sq._, 115, 116, 129;
for violating the sanctity of a grove, ii. 122;
for hearing thunder, iii. 14;
for contact with a sacred chief, iii. 133 _sq._;
for miscarriage in childbed, iii. 153 _sqq._;
for bringing an iron tool into the grove of the Arval Brothers, iii.
226;
for killing sacred animals, iv. 216 _sq._;
for suicide by hanging, iv. 282;
for homicide, v. 299 _n._ 2;
Roman, for prodigies, vi. 244;
for the defilement of the Eleusinian plain, vii. 74;
for agricultural operations, vii. 228;
for sin, ix. 39.
_See also_ Atonement _and_ Purification

Expiatory sacrifices, Greek ritual of, viii. 27

Expulsion of evils, ix. 109 _sqq._;
the direct or immediate and the indirect or mediate, ix. 109, 224;
occasional, ix. 109 _sqq._, 185 _sqq._;
periodic, ix. 123 _sqq._, 198 _sqq._;
annual, of demons and witches in Europe, ix. 155 _sqq._, x. 135;
of Trows in Shetland, ix. 168 _sq._;
of embodied evils, ix. 170 _sqq._;
of evils in a material vehicle, ix. 185 _sqq._;
of evils timed to coincide with some well-marked change of season, ix.
224 _sq._;
of devils timed to coincide with seasons of agricultural year, ix. 225;
of hunger at Chaeronea, ix. 252;
of winter, ceremony of the, ix. 404 _sq._

External soul in afterbirth or navel-string, i. 200 _sq._;
in folk-tales, xi. 95 _sqq._;
in folk-custom, xi. 153 _sqq._;
in inanimate things, xi. 153 _sqq._;
in plants, xi. 159 _sqq._;
in animals, xi. 196 _sqq._;
kept in totem, xi. 220 _sqq._
_See also_ Souls, external

Extinction of fires on chief’s death, ii. 217;
in village or parish before the making of “living fire” or need-fire,
ii. 237, 238;
at king’s death, ii. 261 _sqq._, 267;
in houses after any death, ii. 267 _sq._;
annual, of the sacred fire at Rome, ii. 267;
of common fires before the kindling of the need-fire, x. 271, 272, 273,
274, 275, 276, 277 _sq._, 279, 283, 285, 288, 289, 289
_sq._, 291, 291 _sq._, 292, 294, 297, 298 _sq._;
of fires after tree has been kindled by lightning, xi. 297 _sq._

Extinguishing fire, power of, ascribed to priests, i. 231,
and to chaste women, ii. 240 _n._ 2

Eye as a symbol of Osiris, vi. 121;
of sacrificial ox cut out, vi. 251 _sq._
_See also_ Eyes

——, the Evil, precautions against the, at meals, iii. 116 _sq._;
boys dressed as girls to avert the, vi. 260;
bride-groom disfigured in order to avert, vi. 261;
cast on cattle, x. 302, 303;
oleander a remedy for sickness caused by, xi. 51.
_See also_ Evil Eye

Eye of Horus, vi. 17, 121, with _n._ 3

Eyelashes offered to the sun, i. 318

Eyeo, kings of, put to death, iv. 40 _sq._

Eyeos, the, not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9

Eyes smeared with eagle’s gall to make them sharp-sighted, i. 154;
shut at prayer, viii. 81;
of owl eaten to make eater see in dark, viii. 144 _sq._;
of men eaten, viii. 153;
of falcon used to impart sharpness of sight, viii. 164;
of slaughtered animals cut out, viii. 267 _sqq._, 271;
of dead enemies gouged out, viii. 271 _sq._;
looking through flowers at the Midsummer fire thought to be good for
the, x. 162, 163, 165 _sq._, 171, 174 _sq._, 344;
ashes or smoke of Midsummer fire supposed to benefit the, x. 214 _sq._;
sore, attributed to witchcraft, x. 344;
mugwort a protection against sore, xi. 59;
of newly initiated lads closed, xi. 241

—— of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, vi. 15

Eyre, E. J., on menstruous women in Australia, x. 77

Ezekiel (viii. 10-12), on idolatrous practices of the Israelites, i. 87
_n._ 1;
(xxxii. 18-32), H. Gunkel’s interpretation of, i. 101 _n._ 2;
(xiii. 17 _sqq._), the hunting of souls in, iii. 77 _n._ 1;
(xvi. 20 _sq._, xx. 25, 26, 31), on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv.
169 _n._ 3;
(xx. 25, 26, 31), on the sacrifice of the first-born, iv. 171 _sq._;
(viii. 14), on the mourning for Tammuz, v. 11, 17, 20;
(xxiii. 5 _sq._, 12), on the Assyrian cavalry, v. 25 _n._ 3;
(xxviii. 14, 16), on the king of Tyre, v. 114

E-zida, the temple of Nabu in Borsippa, iv. 110

Face of sleeper not to be painted or disfigured, lest his absent soul
should not recognize his body, iii. 41;
of human scapegoat painted half white half black, ix. 220

Faces veiled to avert evil influences, iii. 120 _sqq._;
of warriors blackened, iii. 163;
of manslayers blackened, iii. 169;
of bear-hunters blackened, vii. 291, 299;
blackened, vii. 302, viii. 321, 332, ix. 247, 314, 330;
of bear-hunters painted red and black, viii. 226;
of priests at exorcism reddened with paint and blood, ix. 189

_Faditras_ among the Malagasy, ix. 33 _sq._

_Fàdy_, taboo, iii. 327, viii. 46

“Faery dairts” thought to kill cattle, x. 303

Fafnir, the dragon, slain by Sigurd, iii. 324, viii. 146

_Failles_, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 _n._ 1

Fair, great, at Uisnech in County Meath, x. 158.
_See also_ Fairs

Fairies thought to be in eddies of wind, i. 329;
averse to iron, iii. 229, 232 _sq._;
let loose at Hallowe’en, x. 224 _sqq._;
carry off men’s wives, x. 227;
at Hallowe’en, dancing with the, x. 227;
thought to kill cattle by their darts, x. 303;
active on Hallowe’en and May Day, xi. 184 _n._ 4, 185

Fairs of ancient Ireland, iv. 99 _sqq._

Fairy Banner, Macleod’s, i. 368

—— changelings, x. 151 _n._;
mistletoe a protection against, xi. 283

Faiths of the world, the great, their little influence on common men, ix.
89

Falcon stone, at Errol, in Perthshire, xi. 283

Falcon’s eyes used to impart sharpness of sight, viii. 164

Falerii, Juno at, ii. 190 _n._ 2

Faleshas, a Jewish sect of Abyssinia, remove the vein from the thighs of
slaughtered animals, viii. 266 _n._ 1

Falkenauer district of Bohemia, custom at threshing in the, vii. 149

Falkenstein chapel of St. Wolfgang, creeping through a rifted rock near
the, xi. 189

Fallacy of magic not easily detected, i. 242 _sq._;
gradually detected, i. 372

Falling sickness transferred to fowl, ix. 52 _sq._;
nails used in cure for, ix. 68, 330;
mistletoe a remedy for, xi. 83, 84.
_See also_ Epilepsy

—— star as totem, iv. 61

—— stars, superstitions as to, iv. 58 _sqq._;
associated with the souls of the dead, iv. 64 _sqq._

Fallow, thrice-ploughed, vii. 66, 69;
lands allowed to lie, vii. 117, 123

False Bride, custom of the, vi. 262 _n._ 2

—— graves and corpses to deceive demons, viii. 98 _sqq._

Falstaff, the death of, i. 168

Famenne in Namur, Lenten fires in, x. 108

Familiar spirits of wizards in boars, xi. 196 _sq._

Families, royal, kings chosen from several, ii. 292 _sqq._

Famine attributed to the anger of ghosts, iv. 103

Fan country, West Africa, custom of throwing branches on heaps in the, ix.
30 _n._ 2

—— negro, his belief as to the effect of seeing women’s blood, iii. 251

Fan tribe of West Africa, chiefs as medicine-men in the, i. 349.
_See also_ Fans

Fangola, a potent idol in Nias, viii. 102, 103

Fanning away ill luck, vii. 10

Fans of the French Congo, birth-trees among the, xi. 161

—— of the Gaboon, their theory of the external soul, xi. 200 _sqq._, 226
_n._ 1;
guardian spirits acquired in dreams among the, xi. 257

—— of West Africa, esteem the smith’s craft sacred, i. 349;
their rule as to eating tortoises, viii. 140;
their custom of adding to heaps of leafy branches, ix. 30 _n._ 2;
custom at end of mourning among the, xi. 18

Fans in homoeopathic magic, i. 130 _sq._

Fantee country, succession of slaves to the kingship in the, ii. 275

Faosa, a Malagasy month, vii. 9

Farghana, rain-producing well in, i. 301

Farinaceous deities, viii. 169

Farmer, calendar of the Egyptian, vi. 30 _sqq._;
saturnine temperament of the, vi. 218

Farmer’s wife, ceremony performed by her to promote the rice-crop, ii.
104;
pretence of threshing, vii. 149 _sq._

Farmers, propitiation of vermin by, viii. 274 _sqq._

Farnell, Dr. L. R., on Artemis as the patroness of childbirth, i. 36
_sq._;
on Plautus, _Casina_ (ii. 5, 23-29), ii. 379 _n._ 5;
on Greek religious music, v. 55 _ns._ 1 and 3;
on religious prostitution in Western Asia, v. 57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2;
on the position of women in ancient religion, vi. 212 _n._ 1;
on the Flamen Dialis, vi. 227;
on the children of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 _sq._;
on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, vi. 242 _n._;
on eunuch priests of Cybele, vi. 258 _n._ 1;
on Thracian origin of Dionysus, vii. 3 _n._ 1;
on the biennial period of certain Greek festivals, vii. 15 _n._;
on the resemblance of the artistic types of Demeter and Persephone, vii.
68 _n._ 1;
on Pan, viii. 2 _n._ 9

Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, vi. 68

Fashoda, the capital of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18, 19, 21, 24

Faslane, on the Gareloch, Dumbartonshire, last standing corn called the
Head or Maidenhead at, vii. 158, 268

Fast from bread in mourning for Attis, v. 272;
in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38;
before eating new fruits, viii. 73 _sq._, 76 _sq._;
before the festival of the Mexican goddess of Maize, ix. 291 _sq._;
from flesh, eggs, and grease at sowing, ix. 347 _n._ 4;
at puberty, xi. 222 _n._ 5
_See also_ Fasts _and_ Fasting

“Fast of Esther” before Purim, ix. 397 _sq._