Chapter XXIV: Part 24

—— -supper, vii. 154

Kirton Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, witch as cat at, x. 318;
medical use of mistletoe at, xi. 84

_Kirwaido_, ruler of the old Prussians, iv. 41

Kisavaccha, an Indian ascetic, ix. 41

Kisser, East Indian island, worship of a measuring-tape in, iii. 91 _sq._

Kit-fox skin in rain-making, i. 288

Kitching, Rev. A. L., on the use of bells to exorcize the storm fiend, ix.
246 _sq._;
on cure for lightning stroke, xi. 298 _n._ 2

Kites, artificial, used to drive away the devil, ix. 4;
paper, flown as scapegoats, ix. 203

Kiwai or Kiwaii, an island off New Guinea, vii. 106;
intercourse of men with their wives before going to war in, iii. 164
_n._ 1;
magic for the growth of sago in, vi. 101;
use of bull-roarers in, vii. 106, xi. 232

Kiziba, district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, vi. 173
_sq._;
totemism in, vi. 173;
women’s agricultural work in, viii. 118 _sq._;
purification for the slaughter of a serpent in, viii. 219 _sq._;
theory of the afterbirth in, xi. 162 _n._ 2

Klallam Indians of Washington State not allowed to bear names of deceased
paternal ancestors, iii. 354;
prohibition to name the dead in the, iii. 365

Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130

—— River, in California, viii. 255

Klausenburg, in Transylvania, cock killed on harvest-field at, vii. 278

Kleintitschen, A., on the fear of demons in New Britain, ix. 82 _sq._

Kleptomania, cure for, by means of spiders and crabs, ix. 34

Kling or Klieng, a mythical hero of the Dyaks, ix. 383, 384 _n._ 1

Kloo, in the Queen Charlotte Islands, restrictions imposed on girls at
puberty at, x. 45

_Klöppel_ (mallet), at threshing, vii. 148

Kloxin, near Stettin, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 220

Knawel, St. John’s blood on root of, xi. 56

Knife as charm against spirits, iii. 232, 233, 234, 235;
adapted for religious suicide, iv. 55 _n._ 1;
divination by, x. 241;
soul of child bound up with, xi. 157.
_See also_ Knives

“——, Darding,” honorific totem of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273, 274 _sq._

Knives in homoeopathic magic, i. 158;
thrown at the wind, i. 329;
not to be left edge upwards, iii. 238;
not used at funeral banquets, iii. 238;
of special pattern used in reaping rice, vii. 184;
under the threshold, a protection against witches, ix. 162.
_See also_ Knife

Knocking out of teeth as initiatory ceremony in Australia, i. 97 _sqq._

Knot, the Gordian, iii. 316 _sq._

Knots, tying up the wind in, i. 326;
prohibition to wear, iii. 13;
untied at childbirth, iii. 294, 296 _sq._, 297 _sq._;
thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299 _sqq._;
thought to cause sickness, disease, and all kinds of misfortune, iii.
301 _sqq._;
used to cure disease, iii. 303 _sqq._;
used to win a lover or capture a runaway slave, iii. 305 _sq._;
used as protective amulets, iii. 306 _sqq._;
used as charms by hunters and travellers, iii. 306;
as a charm to protect corn from devils, iii. 308 _sq._;
magical virtue of, iii. 309 _sq._, 312;
on corpses untied, iii. 310;
in a string as a cure for warts, ix. 48;
tied in branches of trees as remedies, ix. 56 _sq._

Knots and locks, magical virtue of, iii. 310, 313

—— and rings tabooed, iii. 293 _sqq._

Knotted thread in magic, ix. 48

Knowledge, the disinterested pursuit of, i. 218

Kobeua Indians of North-Western Brazil, their masked dances, vii. 111, ix.
236;
their way of sharpening their sight, viii. 164

Kobi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of rice offered to the dead at, viii.
123

_Kobong_, totem, in Western Australia, xi. 219 _sq._

Koch-Grünberg, Th., on observation of the Pleiades among the Brazilian
Indians, vii. 122 _n._ 1;
on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western Brazil, ix. 382

Kochs or Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband’s property
among the, vi. 215 _n._ 2;
offer first-fruits to their ancestors, viii. 116

Koepang, in Timor, sacrifice to crocodiles in, ii. 152

_Kôhen_ and _Kâhin_, soothsayer rather than priest in ancient Arabia, i.
230 _n._

Köhler, Joh., lights need-fire and burnt as a witch, x. 270 _sq._

Köhler, Reinhold, on the external soul in folk-tales, xi. 97 _n._

Kohlerwinkel, near Augsburg, the last standing corn called the Sow at,
vii. 298

Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, v. 95

Koita, the, of British New Guinea, seclusion of manslayers among, iii. 168
_sq._

Kolelo, in East Africa, ghost of sorcerer at, xi. 313

Kolem, in German New Guinea, magical powers ascribed to a chief of, i. 338

Kolkodoons of Queensland, their custom at circumcision, i. 93

Kollmann, P., on sultans responsible for rain, i. 353

Kols of North India will not speak of beasts of prey by their proper
names, iii. 403

Kolvagat, village in New Britain, magical stone figures supposed to
control the plantations at, ii. 148

Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, v. 81 _sq._

Kon-Meney in Cochin China, transformation of man into toad at, viii. 291

Kondes, of Lake Nyassa, avoidance of husband’s father among the, iii. 336
_sq._

Kondhs, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104

Koniags of Alaska, magical telepathy among the, i. 121;
their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, vi. 106

Königgrätz district of Bohemia, King and Queen on Whit-Monday in village
of the, ii. 89;
beheading the Whitsuntide king on Whit-Monday in the, iv. 209 _sq._

Königshain, in Silesia, custom of “Driving out Death” at, iv. 264 _sq._

Konkan, Southern, mode of getting rid of cholera in, ix. 191 _sq._

Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, vi. 53

Konz on the Moselle, custom of rolling a burning wheel down hill at, x.
118, 163 _sq._, 337 _sq._

Kooboos of Sumatra, their theory of the afterbirth and navel-string, xi.
162 _n._ 2

Koochee, a demon in Australia, i. 331

Kookies of Cachar, in India, marriage custom of the, i. 160 _n._ 3

Koossa Caffres, customs observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1

Koppenwal, church of St. Corona at, xi. 188 _sq._

_Koragia_ at Mantinea, vii. 46 _n._ 2

Koran on magical knots, iii. 302;
passages of, used as charms, iii. 305 _sq._, x. 18.
_See also_ Coran

_Kore_, Maiden, title of Persephone, vii. 208

Kore expelled on Easter Eve in Albania, iv. 265, ix. 157

Korkus, the, of the Central Provinces, India, transfer sickness by means
of a loin-cloth, ix. 7

_Korong_, human god, in the Pelew Islands, i. 389

Korwas, of Bengal, division of labour between men and women among the,
vii. 123;
of Mirzapur, their use of scapegoats, ix. 192

Koryaks, of North-Eastern Asia, sacred fire-boards of the, ii. 225;
race for a bride among the, ii. 302;
their mode of detaining the souls of the dying, iii. 32 _sq._;
voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13;
their ceremonies at killing bears, wolves, and foxes, viii. 223;
their ceremonies at the slaughter of whales, viii. 232 _sqq._;
propitiate the foxes which they kill, viii. 244;
their belief in demons, ix. 100 _sq._;
expulsion of demons among the, ix. 126 _sq._;
their festivals of the dead and subsequent purification, xi. 178;
their custom in time of pestilence, xi. 179

Koshchei the Deathless, Russian story of, xi. 108 _sqq._

_Kosio_, a dedicated person among the Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave
Coast, v. 65, 66, 68

Koskimo Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, iii. 144;
their cannibal rites, vii. 20 _n._;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival customs at, vi. 99 _sq._, vii. 23 _sq._

Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, iv. 261 _sqq._

Kostroma, district of Russia, the burial of Yarilo in, iv. 262 _sq._

Kostrubonko, funeral of, at Easter in Russia, iv. 261

Kot, a mythical being of New Britain, iii. 384

Kota Gadang, in Sumatra, rain-charm at, i. 308 _sq._

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be
widowers, vi. 230

Kotchène, a Chukchee chief, sacrificed in time of pestilence, i. 367 _n._
1

Kotedougou, in West Africa, annual dances of disguised men at, ix. 136
_n._ 1

Kothluwalawa, a sacred lake of the Zuni, viii. 179

Kou or Koo, Esthonian thunder-god, ii. 367 _n._ 4

Koui hunters in Laos, why they hamstring game, viii. 267

Koukoura, in Elis, swinging on St. George’s Day at, iv. 283

Kowraregas, the, of the Prince of Wales Islands, avoidance of
parents-in-law among, iii. 346;
changes of vocabulary among, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358
_sq._

Krajina, in Servia, divination on St. George’s Day at, ii. 345

Krapf, Dr. J. L., on a reported custom of sacrificing first-born sons in
East Africa, iv. 183 _n._ 1

_Krautweihe_, the blessing of the herbs, on August 15th in Germany, i. 15
_n._ 2

Kreemer, J., on the fear of the dead among the Looboos of Sumatra, xi. 182
_sq._

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, v. 145 _n._ 3;
on Cybele and Attis, v. 287 _n._ 2

Kreutzburg, in East Prussia, the harvest Goat at, vii. 282

Kriml, in the Tyrol, custom of throwing stones into the waterfall of, ix.
26 _n._ 1

Krishna, Hindoo god, his incarnation Govindji, i. 284;
his images swung in swings, i. 406;
thought to be incarnate in the Maharajas, i. 406;
annually married to the Holy Basil (_tulasi_), ii. 26;
his wife Rukmini, ii. 26;
festival of swinging in honour of, iv. 279;
worshipped by men who assimilate themselves to women, vi. 254

Kroeber, A. L., on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of
California, x. 41 _sq._

Krooben, a malevolent spirit among the Kamilaroi, viii. 100

Kruijt, A. C., on superstition as to written names, iii. 319;
on the custom of naming parents after their children, iii. 333 _n._ 5;
on head-hunting, v. 296 _n._ 1;
on the Indonesian conception of the rice-soul, vii. 182 _sq._;
on Toradja custom as to the working of iron, xi. 154 _n._ 3

Kruman, his anxiety about his dream-soul, iii. 71

Kru-men of West Africa die from imagination, iii. 136 _sq._;
personal names concealed among the, iii. 322 _sq._

Kshetrpal, a Himalayan deity, viii. 117

Kshira, a village of Bengal, knife for religious suicide at, iv. 55 _n._ 1

Kü-yung, city in China, precautions against an evil spirit in, iii. 239

Kuar, an Indian month, vi. 144, ix. 181

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204
_sqq._;
on the gods of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 _sq._

Kublai Khan, his mode of executing a royal criminal, iii. 242

Kudulu, a hill tribe of India, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii.
244

Kuei-Ki, in China, i. 414

Kuel, whale-festival of the Koryaks at, viii. 232

_Kuga_, an evil spirit in Slavonia, expelled by fire, x. 282

Kuhn, Adalbert, on need-fire, x. 273;
on Midsummer fire, x. 335;
on the divining-rod, xi. 67

Kühnau, R., on precautions against witches in Silesia, xi. 20 _n._

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, v. 144 _n._ 1

Κυκέων, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 _n._ 4

_Kuker_ and _Kukerica_, carnival mummers in Thrace and Bulgaria, viii.
332, 333, 334

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits
among the, vi. 263

Kukis of Assam, parents named after their children among the, iii. 333;
their custom after killing a tiger, viii. 155 _n._ 5

Kuklia, Old Paphos, v. 33, 36

Kukulu, a priestly king in Lower Guinea, iii. 5

Kukunjevac, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Kulin nation of South-Eastern Australia, sex totems in the, xi. 216

—— tribe of Victoria, avoidance of the wife’s mother in the, iii. 84;
man endowed with bear’s spirit in the, xi. 226 _n._ 1

Kull Gossaih, goddess of a hill tribe in India, viii. 118

Kumaon, in North-Western India, custom observed by men who have been
supposed dead, in, i. 75 _n._ 3;
rain-making in, i. 278;
use of frogs in rain-charms in, i. 293;
way of stopping rain in, i. 303;
bullocks as scapegoats at funerals in, ix. 37;
ceremony of sliding down a rope in, ix. 196 _sq._;
the Holi festival in, xi. 2

Kumis, the, of South-Eastern India, their precautions against the demon of
smallpox, ix. 117

Kunama, tribe on the borders of Abyssinia, consult a rain-maker, ii. 3

Kundi in Cilicia, v. 144

Kunnui, in Yezo, bear-festival of the Ainos at, viii. 185 _sqq._

Kuopio, in Finland, sacred grove at, ii. 11

Kupalo, mythical being in Russia, funeral of, iv. 261, 262;
figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, v. 250 _sq._;
a deity of vegetation, v. 253;
image of, burnt or thrown into stream on St. John’s Night, x. 176;
effigy of, carried across fire and thrown into water, xi. 5, 23

Kupalo’s Night, Midsummer Eve, x. 175, 176

Kupferberg, in Bavaria, harvest custom at, vii. 232

Kupole’s festival at Midsummer in Prussia, v. 253

Kuria, in Thrace, masquerade at carnival at, viii. 332

Kurile Islands, the Ainos of the, viii. 180

Kurmis of India, marriage to trees among the, ii. 57 _n._ 3;
their use of a scapegoat in time of cholera, ix. 190

Kurnai, a tribe of Gippsland, wind-maker among the, i. 324;
their belief as to women’s shadows, iii. 83;
avoidance of the wife’s mother among the, iii. 84;
their fear of naming the dead, iii. 350 _sq._;
their fear of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 _n._ 1;
sex totems and fights concerning them among the, xi. 215 _n._ 1, 216

Kurs of East Prussia, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 137

Kursk, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277;
harvest custom near, vii. 233

Kururumany, the Arawak creator, ix. 302

Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, inspired priest of Kali among the, i. 382

Kurze, G., on the power of medicine-men among the Lengua Indians, i. 359

Kusavans, potters of Southern India, their votive images, i. 56 _n._ 3

Kushunuk, near Cape Vancouver, Esquimau festival at, viii. 249 _n._ 1

Kuskokwim River, in Alaska, ix. 380

Küstendil, in Bulgaria, need-fire at, x. 281

Kutonaqa Indians of British Columbia, their sacrifice of their first-born
children to the sun, iv. 183 _sq._

Kvasir, in Norse mythology, the wisest of beings, his blood and wisdom
absorbed by Odin, i. 241

Kwa River, in West Africa, propitiation of goddess who dwells in the, ix.
28

Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, their treatment of the afterbirth,
i. 197 _sq._;
their contagious magic of wounds, i. 201 _sq._;
their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 263, 324;
their custom as to coffining the dead, iii. 53;
the swallowing of souls by shamans among the, iii. 76 _sq._;
customs observed by cannibals among the, iii. 159 _n._, 188 _sqq._;
change of names in summer and winter among the, iii. 386;
their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 _n._ 1;
cannibals among the, vii. 20;
their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220;
their belief in the resurrection of salmon, viii. 250;
their masked dances, ix. 376 _n._ 2, 378;
their story of an ogress whose life was in a hemlock branch, xi. 152;
pass through a hemlock ring in time of epidemic, xi. 186

—— medicine-men capture stray souls, iii. 67 _n._

Kwilu River, in the Congo State, vii. 119

_Kwun_, the spirit of the head, in Siam, iii. 252;
supposed to reside in the hair, iii. 266 _sq._

Kylenagranagh, the hill of, in Ireland, the fairies on, x. 324

La Ciotat, near Marseilles, hunting the wren at, viii. 321

L’Étoile, Lenten fires at, x. 113

La Manche, in Normandy, Lenten fire-custom in, x. 115

La Palisse, in France, dough man eaten at close of harvest at, viii. 48
_sq._

La Paz, in Bolivia, Midsummer fires at, x. 213;
Midsummer flowers at, xi. 50 _sq._

La Rochelle, effigy of Shrove Tuesday burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230

La Trobe River in Victoria, iii. 109

Labbé, P., on the _inao_ of the Ainos, viii. 186 _n._

Labour, division of, between the sexes, vii. 129

Labrador, fear of demons in, ix. 79 _sq._

Labraunda in Caria, Zeus Labraundeus worshipped at, v. 182 _n._ 4

Labruguière, in Southern France, expulsion of evil spirits on Twelfth
Night at, ix. 166

_Labrys_, Lydian word for axe, v. 182

Labyrinth, the Cretan, iv. 71, 74, 75, 76, 77

Labyrinths in churches, iv. 76;
in the north of Europe, iv. 76 _sq._

Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115

Lac gatherers not allowed to wash, i. 115

Lacaune, belief as to mistletoe at, xi. 83

Lacedaemon, Fig Dionysus at, vii. 4

Lachlan River, in Australia, novices thought to be slain and resuscitated
on the, xi. 233

Lachlins of Rum and deer, superstition concerning, xi. 284

Laconia, stone associated with Orestes in, i. 161;
subject to earthquakes, v. 203 _n._ 2

Lactantius, on the grove of Egeria, i. 18 _n._ 4;
on Hippolytus as the lover of Artemis, i. 39 _n._ 1;
on sacrifice to Hercules, i. 282 _n._ 1;
on the rites of Osiris, vi. 85

Lacueva, Father, missionary to the Yuracares, ii. 205 _n._

Lada, mythical being in Russia, the funeral of, iv. 261, 262

Ladakh, offerings of wheat-harvest to spirit of agriculture in, viii. 117

Ladder for the use of a tree-spirit, ii. 35;
to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii. 99;
for use of soul, iii. 47

Ladders of paper pinned to shoulders of women at Mid-Lent, iv. 241

Ladon, in Arcadia, the wooded gorge of the river, ii. 8

Ladyday, divining rod to be secured in the twilight between the third day
and the night after, xi. 282

_Laetare_, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1;
custom observed by the Germans of Moravia on, ii. 63

Laevinus, M. Valerius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Lafitau, J. F., on namesakes of the dead regarded as their reincarnation,
iii. 365 _sq._

Lagarde, P. A. de, on the “Ride of the Beardless One,” ix. 402, 405

Lagash in Babylonia, votive cones of clay found at, v. 35 _n._ 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, v. 221 _n._ 4

Lagos, in West Africa, i. 365, iv. 112;
Ibadan in the interior of, iv. 203;
human sacrifices for the crops at, vii. 239 _sq._

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, v.
231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, festival of the dead at, vi. 54 _n._
2

Lahn, the Yule log in the valley of the, x. 248

_Laibon_, medicine-men among the Masai, i. 343

Laius and Oedipus, iv. 193

Lake inhabited by mythical serpents, i. 156;
by a dragon, xi. 112 _sq._

Lake-dwellers of Europe, barley cultivated by the, vii. 132

—— -dwellings of prehistoric Europe, ii. 352 _sq._

Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. 150 _sq._;
human victims thrown into, as offerings to water spirits, ii. 158 _sq._

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, gardens of Adonis in her worship, v. 243

Lakomba, an island of Fiji, reeds tied together to prevent the sun from
going down in, i. 316

Lakor, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i.
131;
treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;
theory of earthquakes in, v. 198;
annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (_tulasi_)
plant, ii. 26

Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-maker as chiefs among, i. 345

Lama of Tibet, the Grand, i. 411 _sq._, ix. 197, 220, 221, 222;
mode of determining a new, i. 411;
his palace at Lhasa, i. 412;
worshipped as a true and living god, i. 412;
and Sankara, iii. 78.
_See also_ Lamas

——, the Teshu, embassy of George Bogle to, ix. 203

Lamaist sects, ix. 94

Lamas, Grand, Buddha supposed to be incarnate in the, i. 410 _sq._

Lamas River in Cilicia, v. 149, 150

Lamb, blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381;
thrown into lake as offering to Hades, vii. 15;
killed sacramentally, viii. 314 _sq._;
burnt alive to save the rest of the flock, x. 301

—— and pig as expiatory victims, iii. 226

—— of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365

Lambing, time of, ii. 328 _n._ 4

Lame, woman who throws fish-bones into sea, pretends to be, viii. 254

Lame Goat, the, at harvest in Skye, vii. 284

“—— reign,” Sparta warned against a, iv. 38

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45;
of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, vi. 43 _sq._;
of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” vi. 47;
of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, vi. 47 _sq._;
pretended, for insects which destroy the crops, viii. 279 _sq._

Laments for Tammuz, v. 9 _sq._; for dead kings of Judah, v. 20;
for Osiris, vi. 12

Lammas, the 1st of August, great fairs in Ireland at, iv. 99, 100, 101;
a harvest festival; iv. 105;
superstitious practice of Highlanders at, x. 98 _n._ 1

_Lamoa_, gods in Poso, xi. 154

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, vi. 261

Lampong in Sumatra, the natives of, adore the sea, iii. 10

Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 _sq._;
in the grove at Nemi, i. 13;
to light the ghosts to their old homes, iii. 371, vi. 51 _sq._;
for the use of ghosts at the Feast of All Souls, vi. 72, 73.
_See also_ Lanterns

Lampsacus, citizens of, excluded from games in honour of Miltiades, iv.
94;
Persephone as corn-goddess on a coin of, vii. 44.

Lampson, M. W., on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146,
273

Lanarkshire, “burning out the Old Year” at Biggar in, ix. 165

Lancashire, custom of catching the breath and soul of the dying in, iv.
200;
All Souls’ Day in, vi. 79;
Hallowe’en customs in, x. 244 _sq._

Lancelot constrained to be king, iv. 120 _sq._, 135

_Lanchang_, a Malay craft, ix. 187

Land cleared for cultivation by men, vii. 113 _sq._, 117 _sqq._

Landak, district of Dutch Borneo, the Dyaks of, names of parents and
grandparents not to be mentioned among, iii. 340;
bride and bridegroom not to tread the earth among, x. 5;
birth-trees for children among, xi. 164

Lande-Patry in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 183

Landen, the battlefield of, outcrop of poppies on, v. 234

Landowners, sacrifices offered to spirits of former, vii. 228

Lane, E. W., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209 _n._ 4;
on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1;
on the omnipresence of jinn in Egypt, ix. 104

Lanercost, Chronicle of, need-fire noticed in the, x. 286

Lanfine, in Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn at, vii. 154

Lang, Andrew, on stories of the type of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 130 _n._ 1;
on the bull-formed Dionysus, viii. 4;
on the fire-walk, xi. 2 _n._ 1;
on the bull-roarer, xi. 228 _n._ 2

Langenbielau, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148 _sq._

Langensalza, Grass King at Whitsuntide near, ii. 85

Langrim, a Khasi state, king elected by all adult males in, ii. 295

Language of animals acquired by eating serpent’s flesh, viii. 146;
learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 _n._

—— of birds, learned by means of serpents, i. 158;
learned by tasting dragon’s blood, viii. 146

—— of birds and beasts, knowledge of the, possessed by Indian king, iv.
123

——, change of, caused by taboo on the names of the dead, iii. 358 _sqq._,
375, 380;
caused by taboo on the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 _sqq._

—— of husbands and wives, difference between, iii. 347 _sq._

—— of men and women, difference between, iii. 348 _sq._

——, special, devoted to the person and attributes of the king of Siam, i.
401;
employed by hunters, iii. 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410;
employed by searchers for eagle-wood and _lignum aloes_, iii. 404;
employed by searchers for camphor, iii. 405 _sqq._;
employed by miners, iii. 407, 409;
employed by reapers at harvest, iii. 410 _sq._, 411 _sq._;
employed by sailors at sea, iii. 413 _sqq._

——. _See also_ Speech _and_ Words

Lanquineros, Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before
sowing, ii. 105

_L ’ánṣăra_ (_El Anṣarah_), Midsummer Day in North Africa, x. 213, 214
_n._

_Lantana salvifolia_, burnt by Nandi women in cornfields, vi. 47

Lanterns, the Feast of, in Japan, vi. 65, ix. 151 _sq._
_See also_ Lamps

Lanuvium, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 _n._ 1;
sacred serpent at, viii. 18

Lanyon, in Cornwall, holed stone near, xi. 187

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 _n._ 5

Laodice, a Hyperborean maiden, at Delos, i. 34 _n._

Laodicea in Syria, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 _n._ 1

Laon, Midsummer fires near, x. 187

Laos, a province of Siam, taboos observed by rhinoceros hunters and
gatherers of lac in, i. 115;
taboos observed by wives of absent elephant-hunters in, i. 120;
rain-making at New Year in, i. 251;
fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 _n._ 4;
precautions against strangers in, iii. 104;
knotted grass a charm used by hunters in, iii. 306;
special language used by elephant-hunters in, iii. 404;
hunters never step over their weapons in, iii. 424;
boxers at funerals in, iv. 97;
infants at birth placed in rice-sieves in, vii. 8;
Koui hunters hamstring game in, viii. 267;
ravages of rats in, viii. 282 _n._ 8;
prayers at cairns in, ix. 29;
beginning of year in, ix. 149 _n._ 2;
elephant-hunters not allowed to touch the ground in, x. 5;
the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222

Laosian village, divinity of salt-pans at a, i. 410

Laosians of Siam, their belief in demons, ix. 97

Laphystian Zeus, his sanctuary at Alus, iv. 161;
ram with golden fleece sacrificed to, iv. 162;
sacrifices offered to, by the house of Athamas, iv. 163;
sanctuary of, on Mount Laphystius, iv. 164;
king’s eldest son liable to be sacrificed to, iv. 164 _sq._, vii. 25

Laphystius, Mount, in the land of Orchomenus, iv. 164

_Lapis manalis_ used in rain-making ceremony at Rome, i. 310

Lappland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326

Lapps will not extinguish fire in absence of fishers, i. 121;
the forest-god of the, ii. 125;
their customs after killing a bear, iii. 221, viii. 224, xi. 280 _n._;
loose knots on lying-in women, iii. 294;
brass ring worn as an amulet among the, iii. 314;
reincarnation of ancestors among the, iii. 368;
fear to call bears by their true name, iii. 398;
arranged the bones of the animals they ate in anatomical order for the
purpose of facilitating their resurrection, viii. 257;
their rule as to menstruous women, x. 91;
their story of the external soul, xi. 149 _sq._

Larch-tree, sacred, in the Tyrol, ii. 20

Lares, images of the, beside the hearth, ii. 206

Larka Kols of India, their belief in tree-spirits, ii. 42

Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires through bunches of, x. 163, 165
_sq._

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, v. 117

Laro, a Nuba spirit, viii. 114

Larrakeeyah or Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception
without cohabitation, v. 103;
their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 38

_Larvae_ or _lares_, viii. 94 _n._ 5

Last day of the year, annual expulsion of demons on the, ix. 145 _sqq._
_See also_ Hogmanay

—— sheaf called “the Dead One,” iv. 254.
_See_ Sheaf

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, v. 279

—— statue of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 _n._ 1

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband’s property among the Kocchs, vi.
215 _n._ 2

Latin Christianity, its tolerance of rustic paganism, ix. 346

—— confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22 _sq._

—— festival, the great (_Feriae Latinae_), iv. 283

—— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. 195
_sqq._;
lists of, ii. 268 _sqq._;
stories of their miraculous birth, ii. 272

—— League, the, ii. 386

—— mode of reckoning intervals of time, iv. 59 _n._ 1

Latins, sanctity of the woodpecker among the, iv. 186 _n._ 4

Latinus, King, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. 187;
founder of the Alban dynasty, ii. 197;
his wife a Vestal, ii. 235;
his disappearance, iv. 283

Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. 184;
in antiquity, the woods of, ii. 188;
succession to the kingdom in ancient, ii. 266 _sqq._;
female descent of the kingship in, ii. 271;
the rustic militia of, shod only on one foot, iii. 311

Latuka, Lion-chief in, viii. 228

Latukas of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 346;
punish their chiefs for drought and failure of the crops, i. 354;
custom at childbirth among the, iii. 245;
burn women’s hair after childbirth, iii. 284

Laughing forbidden to hunters, iii. 196

Laughlan Islanders, their belief and custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63

Launceston, in Cornwall, Midsummer bonfire near, ii. 141

Laurel grown in place of purification, i. 26;
eaten by Apollo’s prophetess, i. 384;
Apollo’s prophetess fumigated with, i. 384;
branch of, carried by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175;
wreath of, worn by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175;
used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252;
Cadmus crowned with, iv. 78 _sq._, vi. 241;
crown of, substituted for crown of oak leaves as prize in the Pythian
games, iv. 80;
reason for substitution of laurel for oak, iv. 81 _sq._;
Apollo crowned with wreath of laurel at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240;
gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, v. 143;
in purificatory rites, vi. 240 _sq._, ix. 262

——, sacred, used to form the victor’s crown at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78
_sqq._;
guarded by a dragon, iv. 79 _sq._;
chewed by priestess of Apollo, iv. 80

Laurel-Bearer at Thebes, iv. 88 _sq._, vi. 241

—— bearing, festival of the, at Thebes, iv. 78 _sq._, 88 _sq._, vi. 241

—— -Bearing Apollo, iv. 79 _n._ 3

Laurels, in sacred grove of Dia, ii. 122;
in Latium, ii. 188;
Roman ceremony of renewing the, ix. 346 _n._ 1

Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 18th, x. 220

Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, x. 170;
marriage oaks in, xi. 165.
_See also_ Lusatia

Lavinia, daughter of Amata, ancestress of the Alban kings, ii. 197, 197
_n._ 4

Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14, ii. 197 _n._ 4

Lawes, W. G., on the belief in ghosts among the natives of British New
Guinea, ix. 84 _sq._

Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 95
_sq._

_Laws of Manu_, on the effects of a good king’s reign, i. 366;
on the divinity of kings and Brahmans, i. 403;
on a father as born again in his own son, iv. 188;
on the transmigration of evil-doers into animals, viii. 298 _sq._

Laws of nature, the conception of, not primitive, i. 374

Laying hands on children to bless them, i. 367

Laziness transferred to a cornel-tree, ix. 55

Lazy Man, a Midsummer masker enclosed in a leafy framework, ii. 83

Le Mole, on the Lake of Nemi, i. 17

Lead, melted, in Arab cure for melancholy or madness, ix. 4;
divination by melted lead at Hallowe’en, x. 242

Leaf, lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67.
_See also_ Leaves

Leaf-clad dancers, vii. 95

—— -clad mummer on Midsummer Day, xi. 25 _sq._

—— -clad mummers, ii. 74 _sqq._, 78 _sqq._;
mock marriage of, ii. 97;
represent the powers of vegetation, ii. 97;
at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 _sqq._

—— King, the, at Hildesheim on Whit-Monday, ii. 85

—— Man representative of tree-god in India, ix. 61;
the Little, in spring at Ruhla in Thüringen, ii. 80 _sq._

Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 _sq._

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, v. 187 _n._ 6

Leaning against a tree prohibited to warriors, iii. 162, 163

Leaping, a contest at the Eleusinian games, vii. 110

—— over fire at the Parilia, ii. 327;
as a Roman purification, ii. 329;
as a form of purification among the Esquimaux, viii. 249;
after a burial to escape the ghost, xi. 18

—— over bonfires to make the flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251, x. 119, 165,
166 _sq._, 168, 173, 174, 337;
to get rid of the devil, ix. 156;
to ensure good crops, x. 107;
as a preventive of colic, x. 107, 195 _sq._, 344;
to ensure a happy marriage, x. 107, 108;
to ensure a plentiful harvest, x. 155, 156;
to be free from backache at reaping, x. 165, 168;
as a preventive of fever, x. 166, 173, 194;
for luck, x. 171, 189;
in order to be free from ague, x. 174;
in order to marry and have many children, x. 204, 338 _sq._;
as cure of sickness, x. 214;
to procure offspring, x. 214, 338;
over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, xi. 2;
a panacea for almost all ills, xi. 20;
as a protection against witchcraft, xi. 40

—— and dancing to make the crops grow high, i. 137 _sqq._, vii. 110, viii.
330 _sq._, ix. 232, 238 _sqq._

—— of women over the Midsummer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, x.
194, 339.
_See also_ Jumping

Leaps, high and long, at New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 98;
of the Salii at Rome, ix. 232;
of lovers over the Mid-summer bonfires, x. 165, 166, 168, 174.
_See_ Leaping

Learchus, son of King Athamas, iv. 161;
killed by his father, iv. 162, vii. 24

Leared, A., on the Isowa or Aïsawa sect in Morocco, vii. 21 _sq._

Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule log in Herefordshire, x. 257 _sq._

Leather of priestess’s shoes not to be made from hide of beast that died a
natural death, iii. 14

Leavened bread, Flamen Dialis not allowed to touch, iii. 13

Leaves, disease transferred to, ix. 2, 259;
fatigue transferred to, ix. 8 _sqq._;
thrown on dead chameleons, ix. 28;
thrown on heap at ford, ix. 28;
used to expel demons, ix. 201, 206, 262.
_See also_ Leaf

—— and flowers as talismans, vi. 242 _sq._

—— and twigs of trees as fodder of cattle in Southern Europe, ii. 328

Leaving food over, taboos on, iii. 126 _sqq._

Leavings of food, magic wrought by means of, iii. 118, 119, 126 _sqq._

Lebadea, altar of Rainy Zeus at, ii. 360 _n._ 8;
Trophonius at, iv. 166 _n._ 1.

Lebanon, peasants of the, their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 181
_sq._;
the forests of Mount, v. 14;
the charm of the, v. 235;
peasants of the, their dread of menstruous women, x. 83 _sq._

——, Aphrodite of the, v. 30

——, Baal of the, v. 32

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, vi. 70;
Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 166

Lechrain, milk-stones in, i. 165;
Burial of the Carnival in, iv. 231;
Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 _sq._;
the divining rod in, xi. 68

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination,
vi. 199;
on the treatment of magic and witchcraft by the Christian Church, xi. 42
_n._ 2

Lecœur, J., on weather forecasts for the year in the Bocage of Normandy,
ix. 323

Lee, the laird of, his “cureing stane,” x. 325

Leeches, charm against, viii. 281

Leeds, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

_Leeting_ the witches, x. 245

Lefébure, E., on Typhon in the form of a boar, viii. 30 _n._ 4

Left shoe of bridegroom to be without buckle or latchet, iii. 300

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, vi. 249 _sq._

Legends of the custom of slaying kings, iv. 120 _sqq._;
told as charms, vii. 102 _sq._;
of persons who could not die, x. 99 _sq._

Legs not to be crossed, iii. 295, 298 _sq._

—— and thighs of diseased cattle cut off and hung up as a remedy, x. 296
_n._ 1, 325

Lehmann-Haupt, Professor C. F., on the historical Semiramis, v. 177 _n._
1;
on the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 _n._ 2;
on the date of the crucifixion, ix. 415 _n._ 1

Lehner, Stefan, on stories told to promote the growth of the crops, vii.
104;
on the fear of demons in German New Guinea, ix. 83 _sq._

Leicestershire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1

Leine, river of Central Germany, water drawn from it silently on Easter
night, x. 124

Leinster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. 11;
the fair of Carman in, iv. 100;
legend of the voluntary death of monks to stay a pestilence in, iv. 159
_n._ 1;
Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Leipsic, “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 236

Leitch, Archie, as to the harvest Maiden on the Gareloch, vii. 158 _n._ 1

Leith Links, witches burnt on, ix. 165

Leitmeritz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in, viii. 326

Leitrim, County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203;
divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 242;
need-fire in, x. 297;
witch as hare in, x. 318

_Leleen_, the, a priest in Celebes, iii. 129

Leme, the river, at Ludlow, ix. 182

Lemnos, new fire brought annually from Delos to, i. 32, x. 138;
worship of Hephaestus in, x. 138

Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, xi. 102

Lemons distasteful to the spirits of tin, iii. 407

Lenaean festival of Dionysus at Athens presided over by the King, i. 44

Lenaeon, a Greek month, vii. 66

Lendu tribe of Central Africa, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 348

Lengua Indians of the Gran Chaco, their ceremony to make the sun shine, i.
313;
fling sticks at a whirlwind, i. 330;
power of magicians among the, i. 359;
their belief as to dreams, iii. 38;
after a death the survivors change their names among the, iii. 357;
their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 11;
their fear of meteors, iv. 63;
their practice of killing first-born girls, iv. 186;
their custom of infanticide, iv. 197;
their festivals at the rising of the Pleiades, vii. 309;
their way of bilking the ghosts of ostriches, viii. 245;
their fear of demons, ix. 78 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56;
masquerade of boys among the, x. 57 _n._ 1;
marriage feast extinct among the, x. 75 _n._ 2

Lenormant, François, on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 39 _n._ 1;
on Demeter as an Earth goddess, vii. 40 _n._ 3

Lent, personified by an actor or effigy, iv. 226, 230;
symbolized by a seven-legged effigy, iv. 244 _sq._;
ceremony at Halberstadt in, ix. 214;
perhaps derived from an old pagan period of abstinence observed for the
growth of the seed, ix. 347 _sqq._;
rule of continence during, ix. 348

——, the Buddhist, ix. 349 _sq._

——, the Indian and Fijian, v. 90

——, Queen of, iv. 244

——, and the Saturnalia, ix. 345 _sqq._

——, the first Sunday in, bonfires and torches on, x. 107 _sqq._

——, the third Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 238

——, the fourth Sunday in, Death carried out on, ii. 73 _sq._, iv. 233
_sq._, 235, 236;
girl called the Queen on, ii. 87;
called Dead Sunday, or Mid-Lent, iv. 221, 222 _n._ 1, 233 _sqq._, 250,
255

——, the fifth Sunday in, Death carried out on, iv. 234 _sq._, 239

Lenten fast, its origin, ix. 348

—— fires, x. 106 _sqq._

Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, xi. 318

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, v. 305

—— the Tenth, pope, his boar-hunting, i. 6 _sq._

Leobschütz, district of Silesia, “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268;
Midsummer fires in, x. 170

Leonard, Major A. G., on death from imagination in Africa, iii. 136 _sq._;
on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, vi. 222;
on the custom of licking the blood from a sword with which a man has
been killed, viii. 155;
on the periodic expulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 _n._ 1;
on souls of people in animals, xi. 206 _n._ 2

Leonidas, funeral games in his honour, iv. 94

Leopard, supposed transformation of a man into a, in West Africa, iv. 83
_sq._;
the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, xi. 202.
_See also_ Leopards

Leopard Societies of Western Africa, iv. 83

Leopard’s blood drunk, or its flesh or heart eaten to make the eater
brave, viii. 141 _sq._

Leopard’s whiskers in a charm, viii. 167

Leopards, dead kings turn into, iv. 84;
related to royal family of Dahomey, iv. 85;
inspired human mediums of, viii. 213;
revered by the Igaras of the Niger, viii. 228;
ceremonies observed by the Ewe negroes after the slaughter of, viii. 228
_sqq._;
souls of dead in, viii. 288, 289; lives of persons bound up with those
of, xi. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206;
external human souls in, xi. 207.
_See also_ Leopard

Lepanto, the Ignorrotes of, ii. 30

Leper disinterred as rain-charm, i. 285

Lepers sacrificed to the Mexican goddess of the White Maize, vii. 261;
Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepers’ Island, the soul as an eagle in, iii. 34;
child’s soul brought back in, iii. 65

Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, v. 23 _sq._;
thought to be caused by drinking pig’s milk, viii. 24, 25;
caused by eating a sacred animal, viii. 25 _sqq._;
thought to be caused by injuring a totemic animal, viii. 26 _sq._;
in the Old Testament, viii. 27;
Hebrew custom as to, ix. 35;
Mexican goddess of, ix. 292

Lepsius, R., on a sort of carnival in Fazoql, iv. 17 _n._ 2;
his identification of Osiris with the sun, vi. 121 _sq._

Lerbach, in the Harz Mountains, custom on Midsummer Day at, ii. 66

Lerida in Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival at, iv. 225 _sq._

Lerons of Borneo, use of magical images among the, i. 59

_Lerotse_ leaves used in purification, viii. 69

Lerpiu, a powerful spirit revered by the Dinka and embodied in the
rain-maker, iv. 32

Lerwick, winds sold at, i. 326;
ceremony of Up-helly-a’ at, ix. 169, x. 269 _n._ 1;
Christmas _guizing_ at, x. 268 _sq._;
procession with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at, x. 268

Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, x. 124

Lesbos, barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22;
superstition as to shadows in, iii. 89;
building custom in, iii. 89;
charm to prevent the consummation of marriage in, iii. 300;
the harvest Hare in, vii. 280;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
fires on St. John’s Eve in, x. 211 _sq._

Leschiy, a woodland spirit in Russia, ii. 124 _sq._

Leslie, David, on Caffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in
serpents, xi. 211 _n._ 2, 212 _n._

Lesneven, in Brittany, burning of an effigy (of Carnival) on Ash Wednesday
at, iv. 229 _sq._

Leti, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i.
131;
treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187;
marriage of the Sun and Earth in, ii. 98 _sq._;
theory of earthquakes in, v. 198;
annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199

Leto said to have clasped a tree before bearing Apollo and Artemis, ii. 58

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, vi. 11

Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, x. 203

Letts of Russia, swing to make the flax grow high, iv. 157, 277, vii. 107;
their celebration of the summer solstice, iv. 280;
their annual festival of the dead, vi. 74 _sq._;
their sacrifices to wolves, viii. 284;
Midsummer fires among the, x. 177 _sq._;
gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, xi. 50

Leucadia, magical rock in, i. 161

Leucadians, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 254

Leucippe, daughter of Minyas, her Bacchic fury, iv. 164

Lévi, Professor Sylvain, on the magical nature of sacrifice in ancient
India, i. 228 _sq._

Leviathan or Rahab, a dragon of the sea, iv. 106 _n._ 2

Leviticus (xviii. 24 _sq._) on sexual crime as a defilement of the land,
ii. 114 _sq._

Lewin, Captain T. H., on the tug-of-war among the Chukmas, ix. 174 _sq._

Lewis, E. W., on the sting of bees as a cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 _n._
2

Lewis, Rev. Thomas, on the mind of the savage, iii. 420 _n._ 1

Lewis, Professor W. J., x. 127 _n._ 1

Lewis the Pious, institutes the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Lewis, the island of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326;
need-fire in, ii. 238, x. 293;
the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 140 _sq._;
custom of fiery circle in the, x. 151 _n._

_Lexicon Mythologicum_, author of, on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 _n._ 3

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia,
vi. 174

Lezayre parish, in the Isle of Man, custom on May Day in, ii. 54

Lhasa, the Dalai Lama of, i. 411 _sq._;
ceremony of the Tibetan New Year at, ix. 197 _sq._, 218 _sqq._

Lhoosai, the, of South-Eastern India, their harvest festival, ii. 48;
woman’s share in agriculture among, vii. 122

Lhota Naga, tribe of the Brahmapootra valley, their human sacrifices for
the crops, vii. 243 _sq._

Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, x. 16 _n._ 1

“Liar’s mound, the,” in Borneo, ix. 14

Libanius, on human life before Demeter, vii. 43 _n._ 1

Libations offered by maidens to the dead maiden Iphinoe, i. 28;
in honour of tree-spirits, ii. 46, 51;
Roman rule as to wine offered in, iii. 249 _n._ 2;
of beer to dead bears, viii. 181, 186;
of beer to the fire-god and house-god, viii. 185

Libchowic, in Bohemia, girl called the Queen on the fourth Sunday in Lent
at, ii. 87

Libebé, African kingdom, kings as rain-makers in, i. 348

Liber, Father, the Italian counterpart of Dionysus, vii. 12;
Roman sacrifice of new wine to, viii. 133

Liberty, despotism more favourable than savagery to, i. 218

Libyans, the Alitemnian, awarded the kingdom to the fleetest runner, ii.
299.
_See also_ Panebian

Licata, in Sicily, St. Angelo ill-treated at, i. 300

Licence accorded to slaves at the Saturnalia, ii. 312, ix. 307 _sq._, 350
_sq._, 351 _sq._;
accorded to female slaves at the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ii. 313 _sq._;
periods of, viii. 62, 63, 66 _sqq._, ix. 225 _sq._, 306, 328 _sq._, 343,
344, x. 135;
annual periods of general, ix. 127, 131, 226 _n._ 1;
month of general, ix. 148;
periods of, preceding or following the annual expulsion of demons, ix.
251;
at Midsummer festival, x. 180, 339

Licentious rites for the fertilization of the ground, ix. 177

Lichfield, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232

Licorice root used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269

Lie down, manslayers forbidden to, iii. 179

Liebrecht, F., on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 _n._ 2;
on the Sacaea, ix. 392 _n._ 1

Liège, Lenten fires near, x. 108

Lienz in the Tyrol, masquerade on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 242, 245

Lierre, in Belgium, the witches’ Sabbath at, xi. 73

Life, the Egyptian symbol of, ii. 133;
in the blood, iii. 241, 250;
human, valued more highly by Europeans than by many other races, iv. 135
_sq._;
of community bound up with life of divine king, x. 1 _sq._;
the water of, xi. 114 _sq._;
of woman bound up with ornament, xi. 156;
of a man bound up with the capital of a column, xi. 156 _sq._;
of a man bound up with fire in hut, xi. 157;
of child bound up with knife, xi. 157;
of children bound up with trees, xi. 160 _sqq._;
the divisibility of, xi. 221.
_See also_ Soul

Life-indices, trees and plants as, xi. 160 _sqq._

—— -tokens in fairy tales, xi. 118 _n._ 1

—— -tree of the Manchu dynasty at Peking, xi. 167 _sq._

—— -trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160

Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, x. 177, 178 _n._ 1;
compare iv. 280

Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, x. 57;
external soul of witch in a, xi. 116.
_See also_ Lights

Lightning averted from houses by crossbills, i. 82;
magical imitation of, in rain-making, i. 248, 258, 303;
one of twins regarded as a son of, i. 266;
the lord and creator of rain, i. 266;
imitation of, by kings, i. 310, ii. 180;
wood of tree that has been struck by, i. 319;
expiation for trees struck by, ii. 122;
the art of drawing down, ii. 181;
fire perhaps first procured from a tree struck by, ii. 256;
fire kindled by, ii. 263;
African deities of, ii. 370;
supposed to be produced by means of flints, ii. 374;
trees struck by, used in magic, iii. 287;
not to be called by its proper name, iii. 401;
thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, vi.
177 with _n._ 1;
no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, vi. 177 _n._ 1;
eating flesh of bullock that has been struck by, viii. 161;
treatment of men, animals, and houses that have been struck by, viii.
161, xi. 298 _n._ 2;
feet of men who have been killed by lightning slit to prevent their
ghosts from walking, viii. 272;
charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talisman against, x. 121, 124,
140 _sq._, 145, 146;
the Easter candle a talisman against, x. 122;
brands of the Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 166 _n._ 1,
183;
flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, x. 169;
charred sticks of Midsummer bonfires a protection against, x. 174, 187,
188, 190;
ashes of Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 187, 188, 190;
torches interpreted as imitations of, x. 340 _n._ 1;
bonfires a protection against, x. 344;
a magical coal a protection against, xi. 61;
pine-tree struck by, used to make bull-roarer, xi. 231;
superstitions about trees struck by, xi. 296 _sqq_.;
thought to be caused by a great bird, xi. 297;
strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, xi.
298 _sq_.;
regarded as a god descending out of heaven, xi. 298;
places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, xi. 299.
_See also_ Thunder

Lightning and thunder, the Yule log a protection against, x. 248, 249,
250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264;
mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 _sq_.

Lightning god of the Slavs, ii. 365

—— Zeus, i. 33, ii. 361

“Lights of the dead,” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, vi. 65

Lights, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 88

_Lignum aloes_, taboos observed in the search for, iii. 404

_Liknites_, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 5, 27

Lille, the corn-spirit in the shape of a horse near, vii. 294

Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, their belief concerning twins, i.
265 _n._ 1;
their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226 _sq_.;
their regard for the bones of deer and beavers, viii. 243;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 52 _sq_.

Limbs, amputated, kept by the owners against the resurrection, iii. 281

Limburg, processions with torches on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 107
_sq_.;
Midsummer fires in, x. 194;
the Yule log in, x. 249

Lime-kiln in divination at Hallowe’en, x. 235, 243

—— -tree, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251;
toothache nailed into a, ix. 59 _sq_.;
the bloom of the, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49;
mistletoe on limes, xi. 315, 316

—— -trees sacred, ii. 366, 367

—— -wood used at expulsion of demons, ix. 156; used to kindle need-fire,
x. 281, 283, 286

Limerick, execution of traitor at, iii. 244

Limping on one foot at carrying home the last sheaf, vii. 232, 284

_Limu_, the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 117

Lincoln, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Lincolnshire, saying as to a woman’s apron burnt by a spark in, ii. 231;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
the Yule log in, x. 257;
witches as cats and hares in, x. 318;
calf buried to stop a murrain in, x. 326;
mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy and St. Vitus’s dance in, xi. 83 _sq._

Lindau in Anhalt, the Corn-woman at harvest at, vii. 233

Lindenbrog, on need-fire, x. 335 _n._ 1

Lindus in Rhodes, sacrifice to Hercules at, i. 281;
taboos as to entering a sanctuary at, viii. 85

Lingayats, Hindoo sect, worship their priest as a god, i. 404 _sq._

Lint seed, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 235

Linus, identified with Adonis, vii. 258

—— or Ailinus, Phoenician vintage song, vii. 216, 257 _sq._, 263, 264

Lion, footprints of a, in magic, i. 209;
king represented with the body of a, iv. 85;
deity standing on a, v. 123 _n._ 2, 127;
the emblem of the Mother Goddess, v. 164;
as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, v. 182, 184;
carried round acropolis of Sardes, v. 184, vi. 249;
beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371.
_See also_ Lions

“—— with the Sheepskins,” among the Arabs of Morocco, ix. 265

——, the sun in the sign of the, xi. 66 _sq._

Lion-chief, viii. 228

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, v. 139 _sq._;
of Lydia, v. 184

—— -killer, purification of, iii. 176, 220

—— -slaying god, statue of, v. 117

—— -tamer as chief of his tribe, i. 347 _sq._

Lion’s claws in a charm, viii. 167

—— fat, unguent of, viii. 164

—— flesh or heart eaten to make eater brave, viii. 141, 142 _sq._, 147

Liongo, an African Samson, xi. 314