Chapter XIX: Part 19

Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholicism, v. 54 _n._ 1

Fraas, F., on the various sorts of mistletoe known to the ancients, xi.
318

Framin in West Africa, dance of women at, i. 132

Frampton-on-Severn in Gloucestershire, mistletoe on the oak at, xi. 316

France, prehistoric cave-paintings in, i. 87 _n._ 1;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210;
images of saints dipped in water in, as a rain-charm, i. 307;
kings of, touch for scrofula, i. 370;
May customs in, ii. 63;
leaf-encased mummer in, ii. 83;
the May Queen in, ii. 87;
acorns eaten in, ii. 356;
belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;
belief as to meteors in, iv. 67;
“Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 241 _sq._;
harvest customs in, v. 237;
timber felled in the wane of the moon in, vi. 136;
the Corn-mother in, vii. 135;
the corn-spirit as a dog or wolf in, vii. 271, 272, 275;
“Killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;
omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295;
corn-spirit as fox in, vii. 296;
superstitions as to the wren in, viii. 318;
hunting the wren in, viii. 320 _sq._;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
cure for warts in, ix. 48;
cure for toothache in, ix. 59;
dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 313 _sqq._;
divination on Christmas Day in, ix. 316 _n._ 1;
weather forecasts for the year in, ix. 323 _sq._;
the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329;
Festival of Fools in, ix. 334 _sqq._;
the Boy Bishop in, ix. 336 _sq._;
Lenten fires in, x. 109 _sqq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 181 _sqq._;
fires on All Saints’ Day in, x. 245 _sq._;
the Yule log in, x. 249 _sqq._;
wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve) in, xi. 45
_sqq._;
mugwort (herb of St. John) at Midsummer in, xi. 58 _sq._;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65;
judicial treatment of sorcerers in, xi. 158;
birth-trees in, xi. 165;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in,
xi. 170.
_See also_ French

Franche-Comté, dances in, to make hemp grow, i. 137;
girl called “the spouse” on May Day in, ii. 88 _n._;
effigies of Shrove Tuesday destroyed in, iv. 227;
“catching or killing the cat” at harvest in, vii. 281;
the goat at threshing in, vii. 286 _sq._;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 313;
bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night in, ix. 316;
the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in, ix. 330;
continence during Lent in, ix. 348 _n._ 1;
Lenten fires in, x. 110 _sq._;
fires of St. John in, x. 189;
the Yule log in, x. 254

Franconia (Franken), the King of the Bean in, ix. 315 _n._

Franken, Bavaria, customs at threshing in, vii. 148

——, Middle, the “Carrying out of Death” in, iv. 233 _sq._;
fire custom at Easter in, x. 143

Frankenstein, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 _n._

Frankenwald Mountains, ix. 160;
the _Walber_ on the 2nd of May in the, ii. 65;
the Wood-woman at harvest in the, vii. 232

Frankfort, the feast of Purim at, ix. 363 _sq._, 394

Frankish kings, their unshorn hair, iii. 258 _.sq_

Fraser Lake in British Columbia, x. 47

—— River, Indians of the, their conception of the soul, iii. 27 _sq._;
their belief as to the shadow, iii. 80;
asked pardon of the porcupines which they killed, viii. 243;
their respectful treatment of the first sockeye-salmon of the season,
viii. 253 _sq._

_Fratres Arvales_, ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232.
_See_ Arval Brothers

Frauenkirche, the, at Munich, ix. 215

Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the Iranian religion, vi. 67 _n._ 2,
68

Frazer, Lady, on personal names among the Indians of Chiloe, iii. 324 _n._
4;
on Holy Innocents’ Day, ix. 337 _n._ 2

Free Spirit, Brethren of the, i. 408

Freiburg in Baden, St. George as the patron of horses in villages near,
ii. 337

Freiburg in Switzerland, Lenten fires in, x. 119;
fern and treasure on St. John’s Night in, xi. 288

Freising, in Bavaria, creeping through a narrow opening in the cathedral
of, xi. 189

“French and English” or the “Tug-of-war” as a religious or magical rite,
ix. 174 _sqq._

French cure for fever by tying patient to tree, ix. 55;
for whooping-cough by passing patient under an ass, xi. 192 _n._ 1

—— custom of crowning cattle on Mid-summer Day, ii. 127

—— Islands, use of bull-roarers in the, xi. 229 _n._

—— peasants ascribe magical powers to priests, i. 231-233;
their superstition as to a virgin and a flame, ii. 240, x. 139 _n._;
regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, vi. 133 _n._ 3, 135

—— reapers, their saying at reaping the last corn, vii. 268

Fresh and green, beating people, ix. 270 _sq._

Fresh meat tabooed to persons who have handled a corpse, iii. 143

Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, vi. 100 _sq._;
his human wife, ii. 143 _sq._;
his image and festival at Upsala, ii. 364 _sq._

Freycinet, L. de, on a Hawaiian festival, iv. 118 _n._ 1

Frickthal, Switzerland, the Whitsuntide Lout in the, ii. 81;
the Whitsuntide Basket in the, ii. 83

Friction of wood, fire kindled by, ii. 207 _sqq._, 235 _sqq._, 243, 248
_sqq._, 258 _sq._, 262, 263, 336, 366, 372, viii. 127, 136, x.
132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144 _sq._, 148, 155, 169 _sq._,
175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270 _sqq._, 335 _sq._, xi. 8;
new fire made by, vii. 311, viii. 74, 78;
sacred fire made by, viii. 314;
the most primitive mode of making fire, xi. 90, 295

Friedlingen, in Swabia, the thresher of the last corn called the Sow at,
vii. 298

“Friendly Society of the Spirit” among the Naudowessies, xi. 267

Friesland, harvest custom in, vii. 268

——, East, the clucking-hen at threshing in, vii. 277

Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, v. 204

Frigg or Frigga, the Norse goddess, and Balder, x. 101, 102

Fringes to hide the eyes of girls at puberty, iii. 146, x. 47, 48

Fritsch, G., on Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 _n._ 3

Frodsham, Dr., on aboriginal Australian belief in conception without
sexual intercourse, v. 103 _n._ 3

Frog, slipperiness of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151;
worshipped, i. 294 _sq._;
love-charm made from the bone of a, ii. 345;
transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299.
_See also_ Frogs

Frog-flayer, the, in Whitsuntide pageant, ii. 86

Frogs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
and ducks imitated in rain-making, i. 255;
in relation to rain, i. 292 _sqq._;
worshipped by the Newars of Nepaul, i. 294 _sq._;
hanged or beheaded by mummers at Whitsuntide, ii. 86 _sq._;
maladies transferred to, ix. 50, 53

Frosinone in Latium, burning an effigy of the Carnival at, iv. 22 _sq._

Froth from a mill-wheel as a charm against witches, ii. 340

Fruit-bearer, epithet of Demeter, vii. 63

—— -trees, grove of, round temple of Artemis, i. 7;
Diana a patroness of, i. 15 _sq._;
homoeopathic magic in relation to, i. 140 _sq._, 142, 143, 145;
fertilized by fruitful women, i. 140 _sq._;
barren, clothed in woman’s petticoat to make them bear, i. 142;
barren women thought to make fruit-trees barren, i. 142;
various superstitions as to, i. 143, 145;
girt with ropes of straw on Christmas Eve in Germany, ii. 17;
fear to fell, ii. 19;
threatened to make them bear fruit, ii. 20-22, x. 114;
barren women fertilized by, ii. 56 _sq._, 344;
worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, vi. 111;
Dionysus a god of, vii. 3 _sq._;
bound with Yule straw, vii. 301;
presided over by dead chiefs, viii. 125;
wrapt in straw during the Twelve Nights as a precaution against evil
spirits, ix. 164;
fire applied to, on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 317;
Midsummer fires lit under, x. 215;
shaken at Christmas to make them bear fruit, x. 248;
fumigated with smoke of need-fire, x. 280;
fertilized by burning torches, x. 340

Fruitful tree, use of stick cut from a, ix. 264

Fruits blessed on day of Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14 _sqq._;
Artemis and Diana as patronesses of, i. 15 _sq._

—— and roots, wild, ceremonies at gathering the first of the season, viii.
80 _sqq._

Fuegian charm to make the wind drop, i. 320

Fuegians, their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258;
their procedure at cutting hair, iii. 282

_Fuga daemonum_, St. John’s wort, xi. 55

Fukhien, fear of tree-spirits in, ii. 14

Fulda, the Lord of the Wells at, xi. 28

Fulgora, a Roman goddess, vi. 231

Fumigating flocks and herds at the Parilia on April 21st, ii. 229, 326,
327

Fumigation with laurel, i. 384;
of flocks and herds as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 327, 330, 335,
336, 339, 343;
with incense a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336;
as a mode of ceremonial purification, iii. 155, 177, 424;
of flocks by shepherds, viii. 42, 43;
as a mode of cultivating moral virtues, viii. 166 _sq._;
with juniper and rue as a precaution against witches, ix. 158;
of pastures at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, x. 170;
of crops with smoke of bonfires, x. 201, 337;
of fruit-trees, nets, and cattle with smoke of need-fire, x. 280;
of byres with juniper, x. 296;
of sheep and cattle in Africa, xi. 12, 13;
of trees with wild thyme on Christmas Eve, xi. 64

Fünen, in Denmark, cure for childish ailments at, xi. 191

Funeral of Drought, a rain-making ceremony, i. 274;
of Kostroma, iv. 261 _sqq._;
of caterpillars, viii. 279;
of dead snake, viii. 317;
of Death, ix. 205;
relations whipped at a, ix. 260 _sq._

Funeral customs in Ceos, i. 105;
intended to save the souls of survivors, iii. 51 _sqq._, xi. 18;
of old Prussians and Lithuanians, iii. 238;
of the Patagonians, v. 194;
of the Mongols, v. 293;
in Madagascar, vi. 247;
in Tahiti, viii. 97;
in Chamba, ix. 45;
in Uganda, ix. 45 _n._ 2;
of the Michemis, x. 5;
observed by mourners in order to escape from the ghost, xi. 174 _sqq._

—— games, iv. 92 _sqq._

—— pyre of Roman emperor, v. 126 _sq._

—— rites, certain, perhaps intended to ensure reincarnation, i. 101
_sqq._;
performed for a father in fifth month of his wife’s pregnancy, iv. 189;
denied to those who have been hanged, iv. 282;
of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, vi. 15;
of Osiris, described in inscription of Denderah, vi. 86 _sqq._

Funerals, personation of the illustrious dead at Roman, ii. 178;
in China, custom as to shadows at, iii. 80;
exorcism of ghosts after, iii. 106 _sq._;
mock human sacrifices at, iv. 216;
bullocks as scapegoats at, ix. 37;
the tug-of-war at, ix. 174 _sq._
_See also_ Burial, Burials

Furfo, temple of Jupiter Liber at, iii. 230

Furies, invocation of the, by their names, iii. 390;
their snakes, v. 88 _n._ 1

Furnace, walking through a fiery, as a religious rite, xi. 3 _sqq._

Furness, W. H., on prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, vi. 266;
on passing under an archway, xi. 179 _sq._, 180 _n._ 1

Furnivall, J. S., on the last sheaf at rice-harvest, vii. 190 _sq._

Furrow drawn round village as protection against epidemic, ix. 172

Fürstenwald, athletic competition after harvest in villages near, vii. 76;
the harvest Cock at, vii. 276

Furth in Bavaria, the Slaying of the Dragon at, ii. 163 _sqq._

Furtwängler, A., on Diana at Nemi, i. 16 _n._ 2;
on rain-making at Crannon, i. 309 _n._ 6

Futuna, island in the South Pacific, inspired king in, i. 388 _sq._;
boxing-matches in honour of the dead in, iv. 97

_Fylgia_, guardian spirit of child, i. 200

Fytche, A., on the execution of royal criminals in Burma, iii. 242

Gabb, W. M., on ceremonial uncleanness among the Indians of Costa Rica, x.
65 _n._ 1

Gablingen, in Swabia, the Oats-goat at reaping at, vii. 282

Gablonz, in Bohemia, Midsummer bed of flowers at, xi. 57

Gaboon, circumcision among the dwarf tribes of the, i. 95 _n._ 4;
Mpongwe kings of the, vi. 104;
negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, vi. 134;
the Mpongwe of the, their mode of agriculture, vii. 119;
birth-trees in the, xi. 160;
theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200 _sq._

Gabriel, the archangel, iii. 302, 303;
in a Malay charm, i. 58

Gacko, need-fire at, x. 286

Gad, Semitic god of fortune, v. 164, 165

Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, milk-drinking after marriage among the, vi. 246

Gadbas, the, of the Central Provinces in India, offer the first-fruits to
the cattle, viii. 118 _sq._

Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth) at, v. 112 _sq._;
temple of Melcarth at, vi. 258 _n._ 5

Gage, Thomas, on _naguals_ among the Indians of Guatemala, xi. 213

Gaidoz, H., on the custom of passing sick people through cleft trees, xi.
171

Gaj, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282

Gaktei, the, of New Britain, called “rotten tree-trunks” by their foes,
iii. 331

Galatian senate met in Drynemetum, “the sacred oak grove” or “the temple
of the oak,” ii. 363, xi. 89

Galatians, their worship of the oak, ii. 126;
their Celtic language, ii. 126 _n._ 2, xi. 89 _n._ 2

Galela, dread of women at menstruation in, x. 79

Galelareese of Halmahera, hunter’s magic among the, i. 110;
fisherman’s magic among the, i. 113;
telepathy in war among the, i. 130;
taboos on pregnant women among the, i. 141 _n._ 1;
their belief in the homoeopathic magic of fruits and vegetables, i. 143,
145;
homoeopathic magic of the dead among the, i. 147 _sq._;
their charm made from the ashes of spiders, i. 152;
their superstition as to the sharpening of a knife, i. 158;
their superstition as to the tide, i. 167;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 186;
their contagious magic of footprints, i. 208;
their way of deceiving the fruit of the _aren_ palm, ii. 22;
their superstition as to felling the last tree of a wood, ii. 38;
their belief that incest causes heavy rain, earthquakes, and volcanic
eruptions, ii. 111;
abduction of souls among the, iii. 60;
their superstition as to a child who resembles his father, iii. 88;
their superstition as to mirrors, iii. 93;
their taboos as to stepping over things, iii. 423;
as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, v. 220;
their belief as to a bird croaking among rice in ear, vii. 296;
their custom of burying the stem of a banana-tree with the dead, viii.
97;
their rites of initiation, xi. 248

Galelareese charm to make a fruit-tree bear, i. 142;
to strengthen teeth, i. 157

—— sailors at sea, words tabooed to, iii. 414

Galicia, the Ruthenians of, their charm to increase a cow’s milk, i. 198;
witches on St. George’s Day in, ii. 335;
the Wheat-mother, Rye-mother, and Pea-mother in, vii. 135;
the harvest Cock in, vii. 277

Galingale, flowers of, used to strike women or girls in Mexico, ix. 288

Gall of eagle in homoeopathic magic, i. 154;
of sheep in rain-making, i. 290;
of ox in rain-making, i. 291;
of ox, man-slayers anointed with, iii. 172, 175;
of sacrificial bull drunk by king and people, viii. 68 _n._ 3;
of enemies drunk, viii. 152

Gall-bladders, the seat of courage, viii. 145 _sq._

Gall, village in Yap, bananas tabooed as food at, iii. 293 _n._ 2

Gallas, kings of the, i. 48;
their magical use of tortoises, i. 151;
their treatment of the navel-string, i. 195;
inspired women among the, i. 395 _sq._;
sacred trees of the, ii. 34;
dance round sacred trees, ii. 47;
their perpetual fires, ii. 261;
their king not allowed to fight, iii. 13 _n._ 5;
sacrifice to the guardian spirits of their slain foes, iii. 166 _n._ 2;
their worship of serpents, v. 86 _n._ 1;
their communion with the dead through food, viii. 154;
will not eat the flesh of the biceps, viii. 266 _n._ 1;
cut out the tongues of animals, viii. 270;
their mode of expelling fever, ix. 121;
annual period of licence among the, ix. 226 _n._ 1;
their story of the origin of death, ix. 304

Gallas, the Borâna, custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._
1

Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, v. 266, 283

Gallic Councils, their prohibition of carrying torches, x. 199

—— recklessness of life, iv. 143

Galloway, “cutting the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 279

Gallows Hill, witches dance on the, on Walpurgis Night, ix. 162;
magical plants gathered on the, xi. 57

—— -rope used to kindle need-fire, x. 277

Galton, Sir Francis, on European fear of death, iv. 146 _n._ 2;
on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29

Galway, County, Candlemas custom in, ii. 95 _n._

Gambling allowed during three days of the year in Siam, ix. 150

Game, dead, in certain cases not brought into house through door, viii.
256, 256 _n._ 1.
_See also_ Door

Game law of the Njamus, vi. 39

Game of ball played as a rite, viii. 76, 79;
played to produce rain or dry weather, ix. 179 _sq._

—— with fruit-stones played by kings of Uganda, vi. 224

—— of Troy, iv. 76 _sq._

Gamelion, Attic month, corresponding to January, ii. 137 _n._ 1

Games, funeral, iv. 92 _sqq._;
the great Greek, iv. 92 _sq._, 103 _sqq._;
held by harvesters, vii. 75 _sqq._;
magical significance of, in primitive agriculture, vii. 92 _sqq._;
played at the sowing festival among the Kayans, vii. 94 _sqq._, 97
_sq._;
played by the Kai of New Guinea as charms for the good of the crops,
vii. 101 _sq._;
many games probably originated in magical rites, vii. 103 _n._ 1;
athletic, viii. 66

——, the Eleusinian, vii. 70 _sqq._, 87 _sq._, 110, 180

——, the Eleutherian, vii. 80

Games, Greek, quadriennial period of, vii. 77 _sqq._;
octennial period of, vii. 80

——, the Isthmian, iv. 92, 93, 103, vii. 86

——, the Nemean, iv. 92, 93, vii. 86

——, the Olympic, iv. 90, 92, 98 _sq._, 103, 105, vii. 80, 84, 86

——, the Panathenaic, vii. 80

——, the Pythian, iv. 80, 90, 92, 93, vii. 80, 84

Gamp, Mrs., as to coins on the eyes of a corpse, i. 149 _n._ 5

Gander, the corn-spirit as a, vii. 268, 270

Gander’s neck, name given to last standing corn, vii. 268

Gandersheim, in Brunswick, need-fire at, x. 277

Gandharva pice, iv. 132 _n._ 1

—— -Sena, an ass by day and a man by night, iv. 124 _sq._

Ganesa, new rice offered to image of, viii. 56

_Gangas_, fetish priests of the Loango coast, iii. 291

Ganges, first-born children sacrificed to the, iv. 180 _sq._

Gaolis of the Deccan place new-born children on sieves, vii. 7 _sq._

Gap, in the High Alps, cats roasted alive in the Midsummer fire at, xi. 39
_sq._

Garcilasso de la Vega, on the reverence for the Incas, i. 415 _n._ 2;
on the virgin Peruvian priestesses of fire, ii. 244 _n._ 1;
on the fish-worship of the Peruvian Indians, viii. 249 _sq._;
on the annual expulsion of evils in Peru, ix. 130 _n._ 1

Garda, the Lake of, custom at Mid-Lent on, iv. 241

Gardelegen, in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287

Garden of Osiris, vi. 87 _sq._

Gardens of Adonis, v. 236 _sqq._;
charms to promote the growth of vegetation, v. 236 _sq._, 239;
in India, v. 239 _sqq._;
in Bavaria, v. 244;
in Sardinia, v. 244 _sq._;
in Sicily, v. 245;
at Easter, v. 253 _sq._

—— of God, v. 123, 159

Gardiner, Professor J. Stanley, on the phosphorescence of the sea, ii. 154
_sq._

Gardner, Professor Ernest A., on date of the corn-reaping in Greece, v.
232 _n._

Gardner, Mrs. E. A., x. 131 _n._ 1

Gardner, Professor Percy, on the representation of Persephone on a coin of
Lampsacus, vii. 44

Gareloch, in Dumbartonshire, harvest customs on the, vii. 157 _sq._, 218
_n._ 2, 268

_Gargouille_ or dragon destroyed by St. Romain, ii. 167

Garlands of flowers (wreaths) placed on horns of cattle on St. George’s
Day to protect them against witchcraft, ii. 126, 339;
cast into water as a form of divination on St. George’s Day, ii. 339,
and on Midsummer Eve, xi. 28;
worn by young people jumping over the Midsummer fires, x. 165;
thrown on roofs of houses at Midsummer to guard them against fire and
lightning, x. 169, xi. 48;
looking at Midsummer bonfires through, x. 174;
placed on wells at Midsummer, xi. 28;
twined of nine kinds of flowers used to dream on at Midsummer, xi. 52;
thrown on trees, a form of divination, at Midsummer, xi. 53.
_See also_ Flowers _and_ Wreaths

—— on May Day, ii. 60 _sqq._, 90 _sq._

Garlic, soul-compelling virtue of, iii. 46;
roasted at Midsummer fires, x. 193

Garman or Carman, the fair of, iv. 100

Garments, effect of wearing sacred, iii. 4

Garonne, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 193

Garos of Assam, their rain-charm by means of a black goat, i. 291;
ceremony of the Horse at rice-harvest among the, viii. 43 _n._ 1, 337
_sqq._;
offer the first-fruits to the gods, viii. 116 _sq._;
their annual use of a scapegoat, ix. 208 _sq._

Garstang, Professor J., on Hittite sculptures at Ibreez, v. 122 _n._ 1,
123 _n._ 2;
on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 133 _n._, 135 _n._;
on Arenna, v. 136 _n._ 1;
on the Syrian god Hadad, v. 163 _n._ 3

Gascon peasants, their belief in the magical power of priests, i. 232
_sq._

Gashes cut in back, Australian initiatory rite, vii. 106

Gates of city opened or shut as charm for ensuring rain or sunshine, i.
298 _sq._;
sacrifice of human beings at foundations of, iii. 98 _sq._

Gateway, refusal of Marquesan chief to pass through, iii. 254

Gateways of villages, sacrificial blood smeared on, iv. 176 _n._ 1

_Gathas_, a part of the _Zend-Avesta_, vi. 84 _n._

Gatri, in Nigeria, kings of, formerly put to death, iv. 34 _sq._

Gatschet, A. S., on absence of historic traditions caused by fear of
naming the dead, iii. 363;
on the absence of totemism in California and Oregon, viii. 175 _n._ 2;
on the Toukawe Indians, xi. 276 _n._ 2

Gattanewa, a Marquesan chief, his regard for the sanctity of his head,
iii. 254 _sq._

Gatto, in Benin, annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 131 _sq._

Gaul, the Druids of, ii. 189;
Posidonius in, iv. 142;
worship of Cybele in, v. 279;
the Celts of, their calendar, ix. 342 _sqq._;
“serpents’ eggs” in ancient, x. 15;
human sacrifices in ancient, xi. 32 _sq._
_See also_ Gallic

Gauls, their “sacred spring,” iv. 187 _n._ 5;
their fortification walls, x. 267 _sq._

Gauntlet, running the, penalty for killing a sacred python, iii. 222

Gauri, harvest-goddess, wife of Siva, represented by a girl and a bundle
of plants, ii. 77 _sq._, vii. 207

Gavres, Persian fire-worshippers, iv. 158

Gayo, a district of Sumatra, rice fed like a pregnant woman and given
water to drink in, ii. 29;
the crops ravaged by wild swine and mice in, viii. 33

Gayos of Northern Sumatra, their offering to the Lord of the Wood before
clearing a piece of forest, ii. 36;
propitiate the Lord of the Wood before hunting in the forest, ii. 125;
superstitions of gold-washers among the, iii. 409 _n._ 3;
their euphemism for small-pox, iii. 410

Gazelle Peninsula in New Britain, beneficial effect of contagious magic in
the, i. 175;
continence at the building of a canoe in the, iii. 202;
the name of a brother-in-law not to be mentioned among the natives of
the, iii. 344;
the natives of the, their belief as to meteors, iv. 65;
conduct of the natives in an earthquake, v. 201;
the Melanesians of the, vi. 242 _sq._;
woman’s share in agriculture among the natives of the, vii. 123;
the Livuans of the, their belief in demons, ix. 82 _sq._;
natives of the, their story of the origin of death, ix. 303 _sq._;
the Ingniet society in the, xi. 156

Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, vi. 15;
souls of dead in, viii. 289

Ge-lug-pa, a Lamaist sect, ix. 94

Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, v. 13 _n._

Gebars of New Guinea, temporary seclusion of cannibals among the, iii. 190

Geelvink Bay in New Guinea, magical telepathy among the tribes of, i. 125;
belief in a forest-spirit at, iii. 60 _sq._

Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, vi. 15;
the straw of the Shrovetide Bear supposed to make geese lay eggs, viii.
326

Geismar, in Hesse, Jupiter’s oak at, ii. 364

Gellius, Aulus, on the triumphal crowns, ii. 175 _n._ 1;
his list of old Roman deities, vi. 232.
_See also_ Aulus Gellius

Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232

Gelo, tyrant of Syracuse, iv. 167

Gem, external soul of magician in a, xi. 105 _sq._;
external soul of giant in a, xi. 130

Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, vi. 26;
on the octennial cycle, vii. 81;
on the supposed influence of the stars, vii. 318 _sq._

Generalizations of science inadequate to cover all particular facts, viii.
37

Generation, male organ of, as emblem of Dionysus, vii. 12;
effigy of, in Thracian ceremony, vii. 26, 29

Genesis, Sarah and Abraham in, ii. 114;
account of the creation in, iv. 106;
the Babylonian, ix. 410

Geneva, Midsummer fires in the canton of, x. 172

Genital organs of murdered people eaten, iii. 190 _n._ 2;
of Osiris, tradition as to the, vi. 10, 102;
of dead man used to fertilize the fields, vi. 102 _sq._

_Genius_, the Roman guardian-spirit, symbolized by a serpent, v. 86, xi.
212 _n._

Genius, Aristotle on men of, viii. 302 _n._ 5

—— of Industry in China represented by a boy with one foot shod and one
foot bare, viii. 11

—— or patron of animals, viii. 243

—— of Spring in Annam, viii. 14

_Genna_, taboo, among the hill tribes of Assam, iii. 11, vii. 109 _n._ 2

Gennep, A. van, on the double-headed Janus, ii. 385 _n._ 1

Gennesaret, the Lake of, viii. 32

Genzano, the village of, i. 5 _n._ 2

Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character,
vi. 217

Geomancy in China, i. 170, iii. 239

George, Green, a leaf-clad mummer on St. George’s Day, ii. 75, 76, 79

George the Third, i. 216

_Georges d’Amboise_, great bell at Rouen, ii. 168

Georgia, the Caucasian, rain-making in, i. 282

Geraestius, a Greek month, ix. 350

Geranium burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213

Gerard, E., on the belief of the Roumanians in demons, ix. 106 _sq._

Gerhausen, the Frauenberg near, x. 166

German belief as to the escape of the soul, iii. 37

—— cures for toothache by transferring it to trees, ix. 57, 58, 59

—— custom of throwing a knife or a hat at a whirlwind, i. 329;
of crowning cattle on Midsummer Day, ii. 127;
of sowing seed over weakly children, vii. 11

German huntsmen call everything by special names, iii. 396

—— laws, old, their punishment for barking a tree, ii. 9

—— peasants, their treatment of the afterbirth of a cow, i. 198 _sq._;
their homoeopathic treatment of a broken leg, i. 205

—— saying as to not leaving a knife edge upward, iii. 238

—— superstition as to largeness of last sheaf, vii. 139 _n._ 7;
as to understanding the language of animals, viii. 146

—— way of freeing gardens from caterpillars, viii. 275

—— women, their use of milk-stones, i. 165

—— woodmen, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38.

Germans, oldest sanctuaries of the, ii. 8 _sq._;
evidence of mother-kin among the, ii. 285;
the oak sacred among the, xi. 89

—— the ancient, their worship of women, i. 391;
their tree-worship, ii. 8 _sq._;
their worship of the oak, ii. 363 _sq._;
their customs as to their hair, iii. 262;
their regard for the phases of the moon, vi. 141;
left the care of the fields to women and old men, vii. 129;
their human sacrifices, xi. 28 _n._ 1

—— of Moravia, their precautions against witchcraft on Walpurgis Night,
ii. 55;
their custom on _Laetare_ Sunday, ii. 63

—— of Transylvania, their belief as to knots in a coffin, iii. 310

—— of West Bohemia call the last sheaf the Old Man, vii. 138;
their custom of beating each other at Christmas, ix. 270;
Twelfth Day among the, ix. 331

Germany, popular cures for jaundice, St. Anthony’s fire, and bleeding in,
i. 81;
dancing or leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 138 _sq._;
custom as to cast teeth in, i. 178;
treatment of weapons that have wounded in, i. 204;
beating an absent man vicariously in, i. 207;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210, 211 _sq._;
meal offered to the wind in, i. 329 _n._ 5;
fruit-trees girt or tied together with straw on Christmas Eve in, ii.
17, 27 _sq._;
the Harvest May in, ii. 47, 48;
use of May-trees to make cows yield milk in, ii. 52;
the rowan-tree a charm against witchcraft in, ii. 53 _n._ 5, ix. 267;
precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54;
Midsummer trees in, ii. 65 _sq._;
races at Whitsuntide in, ii. 69;
races at a marriage in, ii. 303 _sq._;
acorns as fodder for swine in, ii. 356;
custom of passing patients through a hole in an oak-tree as a cure in,
ii. 371;
presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester’s Day and Christmas Eve in, iii.
88;
mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;
belief as to combing and cutting children’s hair in, iii. 263 _sq._;
disposal of cut hair in, iii. 275 _sq._;
certain animals not to be called by their proper names between Christmas
and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396;
belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;
belief as to a man’s star in, iv. 66;
harvest custom in, v. 237;
leaping over Midsummer fires in, v. 251;
Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 _sqq._;
popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, vi. 133, 140
_sq._, 149;
peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon in, vi. 135;
the Corn-mother in, vii. 132 _sqq._;
the last sheaf called the Old Woman in, vii. 136;
the last sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 137;
the last sheaf at harvest called the Bride in, vii. 162;
treatment of passing strangers by reapers and threshers in, vii. 225;
cries of reapers in, vii. 269;
the corn-spirit as a dog or wolf in, vii. 271, 273;
the last corn as a cock in, vii. 276, 277;
the last sheaf called the Hare in, vii. 279, 280;
omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295;
corn-spirit as fox in, vii. 296;
pigs’ bones in connexion with sowing in, vii. 300;
the harvest-cock in, viii. 44;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
cure for warts in, ix. 54;
cure for toothache in, by transplanting it to a tree, ix. 59;
dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268 _sq._;
custom of young people beating each other on Holy Innocents’ Day in, ix.
270;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 313;
weather of the twelve months thought to be determined by the weather of
the Twelve Days in, ix. 322;
weather forecasts by means of a peeled onion in, ix. 323;
the three mythical kings on Twelfth Night in, ix. 329;
the festival of Fools in, ix. 336 _n._ 1;
Lenten fires in, x. 115 _sq._;
Easter bonfires in, x. 140 _sqq._;
custom at eclipses in, x. 162 _n._;
the Midsummer fires in, x. 163 _sqq._;
the Yule log in, x. 247 _sqq._;
belief in the transformation of witches into animals in, x. 321 _n._ 2;
colic, sore eyes, and stiffness of the back attributed to witchcraft in,
x.344 _sq._;
mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59;
orpine gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 _n._;
fern-seed at Midsummer thought to be endowed with marvellous properties
in, xi. 65;
mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83;
the need-fire kindled by the friction of oak in, xi.91;
oak-wood used to make up cottage fires on Midsummer Day in, xi. 91
_sq._;
stories of the external soul in, xi. 116 _sqq._;
birth-trees in, xi. 165;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture in, xi. 170
_sqq._

Germany, ancient, the forests of, ii. 353

_Gerontocracy_, the rule of old men, in Australia, i. 335

Gervasius of Tilbury, on a rain-producing spring, i. 301

Gestr and the spae-wives, Icelandic story of, xi. 125 _sq._

Getae, human god among the, i. 392;
priestly kings of the, iii. 21

Gewar, king of Norway, his daughter Nanna wooed by Balder, x. 103

Gezer, Canaanitish city, excavations at, v. 108

Gezo, King, restricts the benefit of clergy on the Slave Coast, v. 68

Ghansyam Deo, a deity of the Gonds, protector of the crops, ix. 217

Ghats, the Eastern, use of scapegoats in the, ix. 191

_Ghennabura_, religious head of village in Manipur, iii. 292

Ghera, a Galla kingdom, birth names of kings not to be pronounced in, iii.
375

Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, v. 29

Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, vi. 169 _sq._

—— of husband kept from his widow, iii. 143;
fear of evoking the ghost by mentioning his name, iii. 349 _sqq._;
chased into the grave at the end of mourning, iii. 373 _sq._

——, the Holy, regarded as female, iv. 5 _n._ 3

——, oracular, in a cave, xi. 312 _sq._

——, precaution against, i. 142, 154

Ghosts, supernatural power of chiefs in Melanesia thought to be derived
from, i. 338 _sq._;
draw away the souls of their kinsfolk, iii. 51 _sqq._;
sacrifices to, iii. 56, 247;
draw out men’s shadows, iii. 80;
as guardians of gates, iii. 90 _sq._;
exorcized after funerals, iii. 106 _sq._;
kept off by thorns, iii. 142;
the purification of homicides and murderers designed to free them from
the ghosts of their victims, iii. 186 _sq._;
and demons averse to iron, iii. 232 _sqq._;
fear of wounding, iii. 237 _sq._;
swept out of house, iii. 238;
names changed in order to deceive ghosts or to avoid attracting their
attention, iii. 354 _sqq._;
easily duped, iii. 355;
propitiated with blood, iv. 92;
propitiated with games, iv. 96;
dearth and famine attributed to the anger of, iv. 103;
thought to impregnate women, v. 93, ix. 18;
of the dead personated by living men, vi. 52, 53, 58;
who preside over gardens, fear of offending the, viii. 85;
deceived by the substitution of effigies for livingpersons, viii. 94
_sqq._, 97 _sqq._;
first-fruits offered to, viii. 126 _sq._;
offerings to ancestral, viii. 127;
disabled by the mutilation of their bodies, viii. 271 _sqq._;
of suicides feared, ix. 17 _sq._;
shut up in wood, ix. 60 _sq._;
nailed into the ground, ix. 63;
diseases caused by, ix. 85;
epidemics thought to be caused by, ix. 116;
periodically expelled, ix. 123 _sq._;
driven off by blows, ix. 260 _sqq._;
extracted from wooden posts, x. 8;
fire used to get rid of, xi. 17 _sqq._;
mugwort a protection against, xi. 59;
kept off by thorn bushes, xi. 174 _sq._;
creeping through cleft sticks to escape from, xi. 174 _sqq._
_See also_ Ancestral Spirits _and_ Dead

Ghosts of animals, dread of, iii. 223, viii. 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223,
224,227 _sq._, 229, 231 _sq._, 235, 236, 237, 241, 245, 267
_sq._, 269, 271

——, Roman festival of, in May, ix. 54 _sq._

—— of the slain haunt their slayers, iii. 165 _sqq._;
sacrifices to, iii. 166;
scaring away the, iii. 168, 170, 171, 172, 174 _sq._;
as birds, iii. 177 _sq._;
precautions against, iii. 240

Giant who had no heart in his body, stories of the, xi. 96 _sqq._, 119
_sq._;
mythical, supposed to kill and resuscitate lads at initiation, xi. 243

Giant-fennel burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213

Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, v. 157 _sq._

—— and gods, their battle, v. 157

—— of wicker-work at popular festivals in Europe, xi. 33 _sqq._;
burnt in the summer bonfires, xi. 38

Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, v. 138 _n._

Giddiness, transferred to flax, ix. 53

Giggenhausen, in Bavaria, burning the Easter Man at, x. 144

Gigha, island off Argyleshire, wind-charm in, i. 323

Gilbert, O., on the _lapis manalis_ at Rome, i. 310 _n._ 3

Gilbert Islands, treatment of the navel-string in the, i. 185 _sq._;
sacred stones in the, v. 108 _n._ 1

Giles, Professor H. A., on reported substitutes for capital punishment in
China, iv. 275

Gilgamesh, the epic of, ix. 371, 398 _sq._;
a Babylonian hero, beloved by the goddess Ishtar, ix. 371 _sq._, 398
_sq._;
his name formerly read as Izdubar, ix. 372 _n._ 1

Gilgamus, a Babylonian king, ix. 372 _n._ 1

Gilgenburg in Masuren, “Easter Smacks” at, ix. 269

Gilgit, custom at felling a tree in, ii. 44;
the sacred _chili_ (a kind of cedar) at, ii. 49, 50;
in the Hindoo Koosh, custom at wheat harvest at, viii. 56

Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, vi. 211 _n._ 3

Gill, W. W., on the observation of the Pleiades in the Hervey Islands,
vii. 312

Gilolo. _See_ Halmahera

Gilyak hunters, taboos observed in their absence by their children, i. 122

—— procession with bear, viii. 322, 325

—— shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103

Gilyaks, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38;
do not clearly distinguish animals from men, viii. 206;
their respect for dead sables, viii. 238

—— of the Amoor, a Tunguzian people, viii. 190;
eat nutlets of stone-pine, v. 278 _n._ 2;
their exorcism by means of effigies, viii. 103 _sq._;
their bear-festivals, viii. 190 _sqq._;
why they put out the eyes of the seals they kill, viii. 267;
their belief in demons, ix. 101 _sq._

—— of Saghalien, their customs as to personal names, iii. 370

Ginger in purificatory rites, iii. 105, 151;
cultivated, vii. 123

Gingiro, an Ethiopian kingdom, pretence of reluctance to accept the
kingdom in, iii. 18 _sq._;
wounded kings of, put to death, iv. 34;
custom at accession of new king in, iv. 200

Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 _n._ 1

Gion shrine in Japan, x. 138

Gippsland, in Victoria, the Kurnai of, i. 324, xi. 216;
the natives of, concealed their personal names, iii. 331 _sq._

Gipsies. _See_ Gypsies

Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 162

Giraldus Cambrensis on transformation of witches into hares, x. 315 _n._ 1

Girdle of wolf’s hide worn by were-wolves, x. 310 _n._ 1

——, sacred, of king of Tahiti, i. 388

Girdles of mugwort worn on St. John’s Day or Eve as preservative against
backache, sore eyes, ghosts, magic, and sickness, xi. 59

Girkshausen, in Westphalia, the Yule log at, x. 248

Girl annually sacrificed to cedar-tree, ii. 17

—— and boy produce need-fire by friction of wood, x. 281

Girlachsdorf, in Silesia, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 138

Girls or women dance to make crops grow tall, i. 139 _n._;
married to nets, ii. 147;
sacrificed to crocodiles, ii. 152;
employed to sow seed, vii. 115;
sacrificed for the crops, vii. 237, 239

—— at puberty obliged to touch everything in house, iii. 225 _n._;
their hair torn out, iii. 284;
ceremonial uncleanness of, viii. 268, 268 _n._ 4;
secluded, x. 22 _sqq._;
not allowed to touch the ground, x. 22, 33, 35, 36, 60;
not allowed to see the sun, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68;
not allowed to handle food, x. 23, 28, 36, 40 _sq._, 42;
half buried in ground, x. 38 _sqq._;
not allowed to scratch themselves with their fingers, x. 38, 39, 41, 42,
44, 47, 50, 53, 92;
not allowed to lie down, x. 44;
said to be wounded by a snake, x. 56;
said to be swallowed by a serpent, x. 57;
gashed on back, breast, and belly, x. 60;
stung by ants, x. 61;
beaten severely, x. 61, 66 _sq._;
supposed to be attacked by a demon, x. 67 _sq._;
not to see the sky, x. 69;
forbidden to break bones of hares, x. 73 _n._ 3

—— under puberty used in rain-making, iii. 154

Girls’ race at Olympia, iv. 91

Gisors, sickly children passed through a holed stone near, xi. 188

_Givoy agon_, living fire, in Russia, made by the friction of wood, x. 220

Gladiators at Roman funerals, iv. 96;
at Roman banquets, iv. 143

Glamorganshire, cure for warts in, ix. 53;
the Vale of, Beltane fires in, x. 154;
Midsummer fires in, x. 154, 201, 338

Glands, ashes of Yule log used to cure swollen, x. 251

Glanvil, Joseph, on a witch in the form of a cat, x. 317

Glass, the Magician’s or Druid’s, name for certain beads, x. 16

Glatz, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, xi. 20 _n._

Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, v. 186 _n._ 4

Glawi, in the Atlas, New Year fires at, x. 217

Gleiwitz, in Poland, sacrifice for horses near, ii. 336 _sq._

Glen Farg, Perthshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157, 157 _n._ 3

—— Mor, in Islay, stone for the cure of toothache in, ix. 62

—— Moriston, Inverness-shire, vii. 162 _n._ 3

Glencoe, the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in, vii. 165

Glencuaich, the hawk of, in a Celtic tale, xi. 127 _sqq._

Glenorchy, the Beltane cake in, x. 149

Glory, the Hand of, a thief’s talisman, i. 149

“——, the Hand of,” mandragora, xi. 316

Gloucester, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

Gloucestershire, fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318, 321;
mistletoe growing on oaks in, xi. 316

Glover, T. R., on a fire-custom of the Telugus, ii. 231 _n._ 6

Glue in homoeopathic magic, i. 157

Gnabaia, a spirit who swallows and disgorges lads at initiation, xi. 235

Gnats, charm against, viii. 280

_Gnid-eld_, need-fire, in Sweden, x. 280

Gniewkowo, in Prussian Lithuania, mummers on Twelfth Day near, viii. 327

Goajira peninsula in Colombia, personal names kept secret among the
Indians of, iii. 325

Goajiras of Colombia, set hooks to catch demons, iii. 30 _sq._;
the dead not named among the, iii. 352;
their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 34 _n._ 1

Goat, blood of, drunk by devil-dancers and priests as means of
inspiration, i. 382, 383;
prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13;
transference of guilt to, iii. 214 _sq._;
sacrificed by being hanged, v. 292;
in relation to Dionysus, vii. 17 _sq._, viii. 1 _sqq._;
torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 18, viii. 16;
sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249;
corn-spirit as, vii. 281 _sqq._, viii. 327;
last sheaf made up in form of a, vii. 283;
killed on harvest-field, vii. 285;
stuffed, vii. 287;
killed at sowing, vii. 288;
the sacred animal of a Bushman tribe, viii. 28 _sq._
_See also_ Goats

—— and Athena, viii. 40 _sq._

——, black, in rain-making ceremonies, i. 250, 291

——, the Cripple or Lame, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 164, 284

Goat-formed deities and spirits of the woods, viii. 1 _sqq._

Goat-skin, mask of, worn by mummers at Carnival, vii. 26;
worn by farmer at harvest, vii. 285;
hung on pole at sowing and danced round at harvest, vii. 288

—— -skins, mummers at Carnival clad in, vii. 26 _sqq._

Goat’s flesh, taboo as to entering a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85

—— Marsh at Rome, disappearance of Romulus at the, ii. 181, ix. 258

—— neck, name given to last standing corn, vii. 268

Goats fertilized at the Chili stone, ii. 51;
sacrificed in ceremonies to fertilize barren women, ii. 316, 318;
bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3;
not to be called by their proper name, iii. 415;
sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1;
torn to pieces by fanatics in Morocco, vii. 21 _sq._;
in relation to minor Greek and Roman deities (Satyrs, Fauns, etc.),
viii. 1 _sqq._;
the testicles of, eaten by lecherous persons, viii. 142;
sacrificed to wolves, viii. 284;
evil transferred to, ix. 31, 32;
as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191, 192.
_See also_ Goat

Goats’ horns used as a protection against witches, ix. 161, 162

Goatsucker or fern owl, shadow of the, iii. 82;
sex totem of women, xi. 217

_Gobar-bhacach_ (_goabbir bhacagh_), “the lame goat,” name given to the
last sheaf in Skye, vii. 164, 284

Gobi, the desert of, ix. 13

Gobir, a Hausa kingdom, infirm kings killed in, iv. 35

God, savage ideas of, different from those of civilized men, i. 375 _sq._;
“the most great name” of, iii. 390;
the killing and resurrection of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and
agricultural stages of society, iv. 221, ix. 1;
children of, v. 68;
sons of, v. 78 _sqq._;
the physical fatherhood of, v. 80 _sq._;
gardens of, v. 123, 159;
the burning of a, v. 188 _sq._;
the hanged, v. 288 _sqq._;
killed in animal form, vii. 22 _sq._;
the animal enemy of a, originally identical with the god, vii. 23, viii.
16 _sq._, 31;
eating the, viii. 48 _sqq._;
reasons for eating the, viii. 138 _sq._, 167;
dying, as scapegoat, ix. 1, 227;
the black and the white, ix. 92;
the killing of the, in Mexico, ix. 275 _sqq._;
resurrection of the, ix. 400;
the dying and risen, in Western Asia, ix. 421 _sq._
_See also_ Gods

——, Aryan, of the thunder and the oak, ii. 356 _sqq._, x. 265

God, Bride of, i. 276

——, the Dying and Reviving, vii. 1, 33

—— on Earth, title of supreme chief of the Bushongo, xi. 264

—— of earthquakes, v. 194 _sqq._

“God-boxes,” inspired priests called, i. 378

—— -man a source of danger, iii. 132;
bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._

God’s Mouth (_Kirwaido_), supreme lord of the old Prussians, iv. 41 _sq._

Godavari District, in Southern India, the Kois of, v. 95

Goddess, identified with priestess, v. 219;
superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, vi. 201 _sq._

Goddesses place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, v.
180;
of fertility served by eunuch priests, v. 269 _sq._;
their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, vi.
202 _sqq._;
the development of, favoured by mother-kin, vi. 259;
personated by women, ix. 238

——, Cilician, v. 161 _sqq._

Godiva, Lady, legend of, i. 284 _n._

Godolphin, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199

Gods viewed as magicians, i. 240 _sqq._, 375;
ill-treated in times of drought or excessive rain, i. 296 _sqq._;
appeal to the pity of the, as a rain-charm, i. 302 _sq._;
sacrifice themselves by fire, i. 315 _n._ 1;
conception of, slowly evolved, i. 373 _sq._;
in Brahman theology held to have been at first mortal and to have dwelt
on earth, i. 373 _n._ 1;
gods and men, no sharp line of distinction between, in Fiji, i. 389;
the marriage of the, ii. 129 _sqq._;
married to women, ii. 129 _sqq._, 143 _sq._, 146 _sq._, 149 _sqq._, vi.
207;
created by men in their own likeness, iii. 387, iv. 2 _sq._, 194;
their names tabooed, iii. 387 _sqq._;
Xenophanes on the, iii. 387;
morality of the, iv. 1 _sqq._;
succeeded by their sons, iv. 5;
exiled for perjury, iv. 70 _n._ 1;
progressive amelioration in the character of the, iv. 136;
death and resurrection of, v. 6, vii. 1, 12 _sqq._;
personated by priests, v. 45, 46 _sqq._, ix. 287;
married to sisters, v. 316;
made by men and worshipped by women, vi. 211;
named the eaters of certain animals, vii. 23;
distinguished from spirits, vii. 169;
in the likeness of foreigners, vii. 236;
shut up in wood, ix. 61;
represented in masquerades, ix. 377.
_See also_ God _and_ Myths

—— and giants, the battle of, v. 157

—— and goddesses, dramatic weddings of, ii. 121;
represented by living men and women, ix. 385 _sq._

Gods and men not sharply distinguished by primitive peoples, i. 373, 374
_sq._;
esteemed akin by the ancients, ii. 177

——, incarnate human, i. 373 _sqq._, ii. 377 _sq._;
bound by many rules, iii. 419 _sq._

—— of the Maoris, ix. 81

——, Mexican, burn themselves to create the sun, ix. 410

——, Mother of the, in Mexico, ix. 289;
woman annually sacrificed in the character of the, ix. 289 _sq._

—— of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 _sq._

Goepfritz, in Lower Austria, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter
at, iv. 257

Goik, name of puppet carried out at Mid-Lent, iv. 237

Goitre transferred to a peach-tree, ix. 54

Gold as a cure for jaundice, i. 80 _sq._;
excluded from some temples, iii. 226 _n._ 8;
the flower of chicory to be cut with, xi. 71;
root of marsh mallow to be dug with, xi. 80 _n._ 3;
buried, revealed by mistletoe and fern-seed, xi. 287 _sqq._, 291

—— and silver as totems, iii. 227 _n._

Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 132, ii.
274 _sq._, iv. 128, v. 69;
negroes of the, their sacrifices to trees, ii. 47;
iron laid aside in consulting fetishes on the, iii. 228 _sq._;
the Awuna tribes of the, iii. 257;
expulsion of demons on the, ix. 120, 131, 132 _sq._

—— coin, magic plant to be dug up with a, xi. 57

—— mines, spirits of the, treated with deference, iii. 409 _sq._

Golden Age, the, ix. 306, 353, 386;
the reign of Saturn, ix. 306, 344

—— apples, prize in race, ii 301;
of the Hesperides, iv. 80

—— axe, sacred tamarisk touched with, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— bells worn by human representatives of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 280,
284

—— Bough, xi. 279 _sqq._;
plucked by Aeneas, i. 11, ii. 379;
the breaking of it not a piece of bravado, i. 123 _sq._;
grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379;
and the priest of Aricia, x. 1;
a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 _sqq._, 315 _sqq._;
Virgil’s account of the, xi. 284 _sq._, 286, 293 _sq._, 315 _sqq._;
origin of the name, xi. 286 _sqq._

“—— Disease,” name for jaundice, i. 80

—— fish, girl’s external soul in a, xi. 147 _sq._, 220

—— fleece, ram with, iv. 162

Golden Flower, the Feast of the, v. 185

—— Garden of the Peruvian Vestals, ii. 244

—— keys to unlock the frozen earth in spring, ii. 333

—— knife, horse slain in sacrifice with a, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— lamb of Mycenae, i. 365

—— ornaments not to be worn in certain rites, iii. 227 _n._

—— ring worn as a charm, i. 137;
half a hero’s strength in a, xi. 143

—— Sea, the, v. 150

—— sickle, mistletoe cut by Druids with a, xi. 77, 88;
sacred olive at Olympia cut with a, xi. 80 _n._ 3

—— or silver nails driven into a sacred tree, ii. 36

“—— summer,” the, i. 32

—— sword and golden arrow, external soul of a hero in a, xi. 145

—— swords, youths dancing with, iv. 75

Goldfinch, consumption transferred to a, ix. 52

Goldfish worshipped by Indians of Peru, viii. 250

Goldi, the, of the Lower Amoor, their exorcism by means of effigies, viii.
103 _sq._;
bear-festivals of the, viii. 197

Goldi shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103

Goldie, Rev. Hugh, on the fetish king of Calabar, iii. 22 _sq._;
on the periodic expulsion of ghosts at Calabar, ix. 204 _n._ 1;
on the _ukpong_ or external soul in Calabar, xi. 206

Goldmann, Dr. Emil, on the installation of a prince of Carinthia, iv. 155
_n._ 1

Goldsmith, transmigration of thief into, viii. 299

Goldziher, I., on a festival of the Bedouins of Sinai, iv. 97 _n._ 7

Golgi in Cyprus, conical stones at, v. 35

Goliath, a straw-man stabbed at Whitsuntide, ii. 90;
effigy of, carried in procession, xi. 36

—— and David, v. 19 _n._ 2

Gollas, the, of Southern India, their treatment of a woman in childbed,
iii. 149

Golos, on the Bahr-el-Ghazal, their way of detaining the sun, i. 318

_Goluan_, Midsummer, x. 199

Gomes, E. H., on sacrifices in time of epidemics, iv. 176 _n._ 1;
on the head-feast of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 384 _n._ 1

Gommern, near Magdeburg, reaper of last corn wrapt in corn-stalks at, vii.
221

Gonds of India, their belief in reincarnation, i. 104 _sq._;
their custom at clearing away a jungle, ii. 39;
mock human sacrifices among the, iv. 217;
ceremony of bringing back souls of the dead among the, v. 95 _sq._;
their human sacrifices at sowing and reaping, vii. 244;
human scapegoats among the, ix. 217 _sq._

Gongs beaten in a storm, i. 328 _sq._;
at Dodona, ii. 358;
beaten to expel demons, ix. 113, 117, 118, 147

Gontiyalamma, mud figure of, in a rain-making ceremony, i. 294

Good Friday, barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22;
Highland superstitions as to, iii. 229;
effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, iv. 284, v. 254 _sqq._;
of ancient Greece, vii. 33;
expulsion of witches in Silesia on, ix. 157;
absolution of man called Adam at Halberstadt on the day before, ix. 214;
cattle beaten on, ix. 266;
custom of beating each other with rods on, ix. 268;
Judas driven out of church on, x. 146;
the divining-rod cut on, xi. 68 _n._ 4;
sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 172

—— Goddess (_Bona Dea_), at Rome, wine called milk in her ritual, iii. 249
_n._ 2;
her relationship to Faunus, vi. 234

—— Spirit, the, vii. 206