Chapter X: Part 10

—— way of detaining the sun, i. 318;
of hastening the descent of the sun, i. 318 _sq._

Australians, the Central, their ceremony for multiplying kangaroos, viii.
165

Austria, dancing or leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 138;
gipsy mode of stopping rain in, i. 295 _sq._;
meal offered to the wind in, i. 329 _n._ 5;
peasants of, their belief in the sensitiveness of trees, ii. 18;
belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;
leaping over Midsummer fires in, v. 251;
children warned against the Corn-cock in, vii. 276;
mythical Calf in corn in, vii. 292;
cure for warts in, ix. 48;
dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 268 _sq._;
custom of young people beating each other on Holy Innocents’ Day in, ix.
270;
weather of the twelve months thought to be determined by the weather of
the Twelve Days in, ix. 322;
weather forecasts in, ix. 323;
the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329;
Midsummer fires in, x. 172 _sqq._;
the Yule log among the Servians of, x. 262 _sqq._;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65;
mistletoe used to prevent nightmare in, xi. 85

Austria, Lower, presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester’s Day in, iii. 88

——, Upper, processions round fields on St. George’s Day in, ii. 344;
need-fire in, x. 279

Austrian charm to make fruit-trees bear, i. 140 _sq._

Autumn, ceremony of the Esquimaux in late, ix. 125

—— fires, x. 220 _sqq._

Autun, procession of goddess at, ii. 144;
the Festival of Fools at, ix. 335

Auvergne, milk bewitched at Corrèze in, iii. 93;
Lenten fires in, x. 111 _sq._;
story of a were-wolf in, x. 308 _sq._

Auxerre, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother near, vii. 135;
“killing the Bull” at threshing at, vii. 291

Auxesia and Damia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39

_Ave Maria_ bell on Midsummer Eve, xi. 47

Avebury, Lord, on the distinction between religion and magic, i. 225 _n._;
on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146 _n._, 273

Avengers of blood, ceremony performed by, before starting, i. 92

Aventine, Diana on the, ii. 128;
oaks on the, ii. 185

Avernus, Lake, and the Golden Bough, xi. 285 _n._ 2

Aversion of spirits and fairies to iron, iii. 229, 232 _sq._;
to innovation among savages, iii. 230 _sqq._

Averting ill-luck at marrying a second, third, or fourth wife, ii. 57 _n._
4

Avestad, in Sweden, heaps of sticks and stones on graves at, ix. 20 _sq._

Avoidance of the wife’s mother, iii. 83 _sqq._;
of common words to deceive spirits or other beings, iii. 416 _sqq._

“Awakening of Hercules,” festival at Tyre, v. 111

Awa-nkonde, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28

“Awasungu, the house of the,” x. 28

Awe, Loch, vii. 165;
the Old Wife at harvest on, vii. 142

Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, their belief in a supreme being, vi. 174;
their worship of ancestral spirits, vi. 175;
their prayers to dead kings before going to war, vi. 191 _sq._;
woman’s part in agriculture among the, vii. 115;
among them murderers mutilate their victims in order to disable their
ghosts, viii. 272 _sq._

Awka in South Nigeria, taboos observed by priest at, x. 4

Awujale, title of chief of the Ijebu tribe, in South Nigeria, iv. 112

Awuna tribes of the Gold Coast, their belief as to the sacredness of their
heads, iii. 257

Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thundering sky, v. 134;
as divine emblem, v. 163;
symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, v. 183;
that slew the ox, trial and condemnation of the, viii. 5

——, double-headed, symbol of Sandan, v. 127;
carried by Lydian kings, v. 182;
a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182;
figured on coins, v. 183 _n._

Axim, on the Gold Coast, annual expulsion of the devil at, ix. 131

Ayambori, in Dutch New Guinea, woman’s share in agriculture among the
Papuans of, vii. 123

Aymara Indians of Peru and Bolivia, their rain-charm by means of frogs, i.
292;
afraid of being photographed, iii. 97;
their use of a black llama as a scapegoat in time of plague, ix. 193

Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn in, vii. 154;
“cutting the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 279

_Azadirachta Indica_ in a rain-charm, i. 293

Azazel, a bad angel, in connexion with the Jewish scapegoat, ix. 210 _n._
4

Azemmour, in Morocco, cairns reared by pilgrims near, ix. 21;
Midsummer fires at, x. 214

Azores, bonfires and divination on Midsummer Eve in the, x. 208 _sq._;
fern-seed at Midsummer in the, xi. 66

Aztec mode of keeping sorcerers from houses, iii. 93

—— priests, their hair unshorn, iii. 259

Aztecs, their view of intoxication as inspiration, iii. 249 _sq._;
their priests, iii. 259;
their festival at end of fifty-two years, vii. 310 _sq._;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 310 _sq._;
their sacred new fire, vii. 310 _sq._;
eating the god among the, viii. 86 _sqq._;
their custom of sacrificing human representatives of gods, ix. 275;
their five supplementary days, ix. 339;
their punishment of witches and wizards, xi. 159

Azur, the month of March, ix. 403

Azyingo, Lake, in West Africa, viii. 235

Ba-Bwende, a tribe of the Congo, v. 271 _n._

Ba-Lua, in the Congo region, will not pronounce name of their tribe, iii.
330

—— -Mbala, a Bantu tribe, woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 119

—— -Pedi, the, of South Africa, grave-diggers not allowed to handle food
among, iii. 141;
women in childbed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 _sq._;
their superstitions as to miscarriage in childbed, iii. 153 _sq._;
their continence in war, iii. 163;
continence at building a new village among the, iii. 202;
their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424

—— -Ronga, the, of South Africa, their women employ a child under puberty
to light the potter’s kiln, ii. 205.
_See_ Baronga

—— -Sundi, a tribe of the Congo, v. 271 _n._

—— -Thonga, the, of South Africa, grave-diggers not allowed to handle food
among the, iii. 141;
women in childbed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 _sq._;
attribute drought to concealed miscarriage in childbed, iii. 154;
their continence in war, iii. 163;
continence at building a new village among the, iii. 202;
their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424.
_See also_ Thonga

—— -Yaka, tribe of the Congo State, power of magicians among the, i. 348;
custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 _n._ 1;
their use of nail-parings in making treaties, iii. 274

—— -Yanzi, tribe of the Congo State, the chief as a magician among the, i.
348 _sq._

Baal, Semitic god, in relation to Minos and Minotaur, iv. 75;
the prophets of, their cutting themselves with knives, i. 258;
human sacrifices to, iv. 167 _sqq._, 195, ix. 353, 354;
kings claiming affinity with, v. 15;
royal names compounded with, v. 16;
as the god of fertility, v. 26 _sq._;
conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, v. 159

—— and Beltane, x. 149 _n._ 1, 150 _n._ 1, 157

—— of the Lebanon, v. 32

—— and Sandan at Tarsus, v. 142 _sq._, 161

Baal of Tarsus, v. 117 _sqq._, 162 _sq._

Baalath or Astarte, v. 26, 34

—— and Baal, v. 27

—— Gebal, v. 14

Baalbec (Heliopolis), in Syria, v. 28;
the ruins at, i. 30 _n._ 3;
sacred prostitution at, v. 37;
image of Hadad at, v. 163

Baalim, the, lords of underground waters, ii. 159;
firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, v. 27;
called lovers, v. 75 _n._

Baba or Boba, name given to last sheaf, vii. 144 _sq._;
“the Old Woman,” at the Carnival, viii. 332, 333

_Babalawo_, a Yoruba priest, ix. 212

Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a child for a barren woman in the,
i. 72;
chastity and fasting of women during absence of warriors in the, i. 131;
treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 186;
saturnalia at the marriage of the Sun and Earth in the, ii. 99;
recovery of lost souls in the, iii. 67;
souls as shadows in the, iii. 78;
fatigue transferred to stones in the, ix. 8 _sq._;
sickness expelled in a boat from the, ix. 187

Babaruda, girl as rain-maker in Roumania, i. 273

Babine Lake in British Columbia, x. 47

Babites, a Persian sect, their divine head, i. 402

Baboons, their depredations on crops, viii. 32;
sent by evil spirits, ix. 110 _sq._

Baby, effigy of, used to fertilize women, ix. 245, 249

Babylon, magical images in ancient, i. 66 _sq._;
theocratic despotism of ancient, i. 218;
sanctuary of Bel at, ii. 129 _sq._;
festival of Zagmuk at, iv. 110, 113, 115 _sqq._;
festival of the Sacaea at, iv. 113 _sqq._, ix. 354 _sqq._;
early kings of, worshipped as gods, v. 15;
worship of Mylitta at, v. 36;
religious prostitution at, v. 58;
human wives of Marduk at, v. 71;
sanctuary of Serapis at, vi. 119 _n._

Babylonia, worship of Tammuz in, v. 6 _sqq._;
the moon-god took precedence of the sun-god in ancient, vi. 138 _sq._;
belief in demons in ancient, ix. 102 _sq._;
the star-gazers of, ix. 326;
conquered by Assyria, ix. 356;
the feast of Purim in, ix. 393

Babylonian calendar, ix. 398 _n._ 2

—— Genesis, ix. 410

—— gods, mortality of the, iv. 5 _sq._

—— hymns to Tammuz, v. 9

—— kings, divinity of the early, i. 417

—— legend of creation, iv. 105 _sq._, 110

—— myth of Marduk and Tiamat, iv. 105 _sq._, 107 _sq._

Babylonian witches and wizards, their use of knotted cords, iii. 302

Bacchanalia, Purim a Jewish, ix. 363

Bacchanals of Thrace chew ivy, i. 384;
tore Pentheus in pieces, vi. 98, vii. 24, 25;
wore horns, vii. 17

Bacchic frenzy, iv. 164;
orgies suppressed by Roman Government, v. 301 _n._ 2

Bacchus, his legendary connexion with the Athenian festival of swinging,
iv. 281, 283

—— or Dionysus, vii. 2.
_See_ Dionysus

Bacchylides as to Croesus on the pyre, v. 175 _sq._

Bachofen, J. J., on Roman kings and the Saturnalia, ii. 313 _n._ 1;
on the _Nonae Caprotinae_ and the Saturnalia, ii. 314 _n._ 1

Backache at reaping, leaps over the Midsummer bonfire thought to be a
preventive of, x. 165, 168, 189, 344 _sq._;
set down to witchcraft, x. 343 _n._, 345;
at harvest, mugwort a protection against, xi. 59;
creeping through a holed stone to prevent backache at harvest, xi. 189

Backbone of Osiris represented by the _ded_ pillar, vi. 108 _sq._

Bacon, Francis, on anointing weapon that caused wound, i. 202

Bad Country, the, in Victoria, ceremonies observed at entering, iii. 109
_sq._

_Badache_, double-axe, Midsummer King of the, x. 194

Badagas, the, of the Neilgherry Hills, their customs as to sowing and
reaping the first grain, viii. 55;
transfer the sins of the dead to a buffalo calf, ix. 36;
their fire-walk, xi. 8 _sq._

Baddeley, Mr. St. Clair, i. 5 _n._ 2

Baden, homoeopathic magic at sowing in, i. 138;
St. George’s Day in, ii. 337;
Feast of All Souls in, vi. 74;
customs as to the last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 283, 292, 298;
the Corn-goat at threshing in, vii. 286;
Lenten fire-custom in, x. 117;
Easter bonfires in, x. 145;
Midsummer fires in, x. 167 _sqq._

Badham, Rev. Charles, D.D., his proposed emendation of Euripides, iii. 156
_n._

Badham Court oak, in Gloucestershire, xi. 316

Badi, performer at a tight-rope ceremony in India, ix. 197

_Badnyak_, Yule log, in Servia, x. 259, 263

_Badnyi Dan_, Christmas Eve, in Servia, x. 258, 263

Badonsachen, King of Burma, claims divinity, i. 400

Badumar, in West Africa, ii. 293

Baduwis, an aboriginal race in the mountains of Java, seclusion of their
hereditary ruler, iii. 115 _sq._;
use no iron in husbandry, iii. 232

Baethgen, F., on goddess ’Hatheh, v. 162 _n._ 2

Baffin Land, the Esquimaux of, i. 113, iii. 32 _n._ 2, 152, 207, 399,
viii. 257, ix. 125

Bag, souls of persons deposited in a, iii. 63 _sq._, xi. 142, 153, 155;
soul of dying chief caught in a, iv. 199

Baganda, the, of Central Africa, their belief as to the sterilizing
influence of barren women, i. 142, ii. 102;
their treatment of the afterbirth and navel-string, i. 195 _sq._, xi.
162;
spirits of their dead kings preserved in their navel-strings and
jawbones, i. 196;
their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331 _n._ 2;
their incarnate human god of the Lake Nyanza, i. 395;
their belief in the influence of the sexes on vegetation, ii. 101 _sq._;
their customs in regard to twins, ii. 102 _sq._;
their fire-drill, ii. 210;
their Vestal Virgins, ii. 246;
their list of kings, ii. 269;
their mode of fertilizing women by means of a wild banana-tree, ii. 318;
stabbed the shadows of enemies, iii. 78;
their superstition as to shadows, iii. 87;
their belief as to women stepping over a man’s weapons, iii. 423;
their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 11;
their worship of the python, v. 86;
rebirth of the dead among the, v. 92 _sq._;
their belief in impregnation by the flower of the banana, v. 93;
their theory of earthquakes, v. 199;
their presentation of infants to the new moon, vi. 144, 145;
ceremony observed by the king at new moon, vi. 147;
their worship of dead kings, vi. 167 _sqq._;
their veneration for the ghosts of dead relations, vi. 191 _n._ 1;
their pantheon, vi. 196;
human sacrifices offered to prolong the life of their kings, vi. 223
_sqq._;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 118;
their ceremony at eating the new beans, viii. 64;
significance of stepping over a woman among the, viii. 70 _n._ 1;
their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 113;
their precaution against the ghosts of the elephants, which they kill,
viii. 227 _sq._;
dread the ghosts of sheep, viii. 231;
propitiate the ghosts of slain buffaloes, viii. 231;
treat ceremonially the first fish caught, viii. 252 _sq._;
their custom of mutilating dead enemies, viii. 271 _sq._;
their transference of plague to a plantain-tree, ix. 4 _sq._;
their transference of sickness to effigies, ix. 7;
their precautions against the ghosts of suicides and other unfortunates,
ix. 17 _sq._;
throw sticks or grass on graves or places of execution of certain
persons, ix. 18;
their worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27;
transfer sickness to animals, ix. 32;
human scapegoats among the, ix. 42;
children live apart from their parents among the, x. 23 _n._ 2;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 23 _sq._;
their superstition as to women who do not menstruate, x. 24;
abstain from salt in certain cases, x. 27 _sq._;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 80 _sq._
_See also_ Uganda

Baganda fishermen, taboos observed by, iii. 194 _sq._

Bagba, a wind-fetish, i. 327, iii. 5

Bagdad, death of the King of the Jinn reported at, iv. 8

Bageshu (Bagishu), the, of Mount Elgon, in East Africa, their belief in
the reincarnation of the dead, i. 103, v. 92;
seclusion and purification of manslayers among, iii. 174

Bagobos of Mindanao, one of the Philippines, their human sacrifices at
sowing, vii. 240;
their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31, 315;
never utter their own names, iii. 323 _sq._;
their theory of earthquakes, v. 200;
their custom of hanging and spearing human victims, v. 290 _sq._;
their pretence of feeding their agricultural implements at harvest,
viii. 124

Baharutsis, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, their worship of ancestors, vi.
179

Bahaus. _See_ Kayans

Bahima of Central Africa, ceremony of adoption among the, i. 75;
custom of herdsmen at watering their cattle among the, iii. 183 _n._;
names of their dead kings not mentioned, iii. 375;
their belief as to dead kings and chiefs, v. 83 _n._ 1;
their worship of the dead, vi. 190 _sq._;
their belief in a supreme god Lugaba, vi. 190;
their belief in transmigration, viii. 288;
believe that at death their kings turn into lions, and their queens into
leopards, viii. 288;
their transference of abscesses, ix. 6;
their use of scapegoats to cure disease among their cattle, ix. 32;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 80

—— of Kiziba, vi. 173

—— of the Uganda Protectorate, ix. 6, 32

Bahnars of Cochin-China, their recall of lost souls, iii. 52, 58 _sq._

Bahr-el-Ghazal province, the Golos of the, i. 318;
ceremony of the new fire in the, x. 134 _sq._

Baiga, aboriginal priest in Mirzapur, ix. 27

Baigas, Dravidian tribe of India, their objection to agriculture, v. 89

Bailey, Mabel, on the May Queen, ii. 88 _n._ 1

Bailly, J. S., French astronomer, on the Arctic origin of the rites of
Adonis, v. 229

Bairu, the, of Kiziba, vi. 173

Baisâkh, Indian month (April), iv. 265

Bakairi, the, of Brazil, call bull-roarers “thunder and lightning,” xi.
231 _sq._

Bakara, a village of Sumatra, i. 398, 399

Baker, F. B., on relic of tree-worship at Magnesia, i. 386 _n._ 2

Bakers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 _sq._, 205

Baking, continence observed at, iii. 201

—— -forks, witches ride on, xi. 73, 74

Bakongs, the, of Borneo, associate the souls of the dead with bear-cats
and other animals, viii. 294

Baku, on the Caspian, perpetual fires at, ii. 256, v. 192

Bakuba or Bushongo of the Congo, rule as to persons of royal blood among
the, x. 4.
_See_ Bushongo

Bakundu of the Cameroons, burial custom of the, viii. 99

Balabulan, a person of the Batta Trinity, ix. 88 _n._ 1

Bald-headed widow, transference of fever to a, ix. 38

Balder, the Norse god, and his lame foal, iii. 305 _n._ 1;
his body burnt, x. 102;
worshipped in Norway, x. 104;
camomile sacred to, xi. 63;
burnt at Midsummer, xi. 87;
Midsummer sacred to, xi. 87;
a tree-spirit or deity of vegetation, xi. 88 _sq._;
his invulnerability, xi. 94;
why Balder was thought to shine, xi. 293;
perhaps a real man deified, xi. 314 _sq._

—— and the mistletoe, x. 101 _sq._, xi. 76 _sqq._, 302;
interpreted as a mistletoe-bearing oak, xi. 93 _sq._;
his life or death in the mistletoe, xi. 279, 283

——, the myth of, x. 101 _sqq._;
reproduced in the Midsummer festival of Scandinavia, xi. 87;
perhaps dramatized in ritual, xi. 88;
Indian parallel to, xi. 280;
African parallels to, xi. 312 _sqq._

Balder’s Balefires, name formerly given to Midsummer bonfires in Sweden,
x. 172, xi. 87

—— Grove, x. 104, xi. 315

_Balders-brâ_, Balder’s eyelashes, a name for camomile, xi. 63

Baldness a supposed effect of breaking a taboo, iii. 140

Bâle, statuette of the Mexican god Xipe at, ix. 291 _n._ 1;
Lenten fire-custom in the canton of, x. 119

Balefires, Balder’s, at Midsummer in Sweden, x. 172

Bali, inspired mediums in, i. 378 _sq._;
special forms of speech used in addressing social superiors in, i. 402
_n._;
the rice personified as husband and wife in, vii. 201 _sqq._;
observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 314 _sq._;
propitiation of mice to induce them to spare the fields in, viii. 278;
belief in demons in, ix. 86;
periodical expulsion of demons in, ix. 140;
filing of teeth in, x. 68 _n._ 2;
birth-trees in, xi. 164

Balinese, their conduct in an earthquake, v. 198

Balkan Peninsula, the Slavs of the, ii. 237, 241;
need-fire in the, x. 281

Ball, Valentine, on hook-swinging, iv. 279

Ball, game of, played as a rite, viii. 76, 79;
played as a magical ceremony, ix. 179 _sq._;
in Normandy, ix. 183 _sq._;
played to determine the King of Summer, x. 195

—— -players, homœopathic charms employed by, i. 144, 155

Balli Atap, the God of the Roof, among the Kenyahs, ii. 385

Ballinasloe, in County Galway, Candlemas custom at, ii. 95 _n._

Balls, gold and silver, to imitate the sun and moon, ii. 63

Ballymagauran, in County Cavan, ancient idol near, iv. 183

Ballymote, the Book of, iv. 100

Ballyvadlea, in Tipperary, woman burnt as a witch at, x. 323 _sq._

Balnagown Loch, in Lismore, witch-hare at, x. 316

_Baloi_, mythical beings of the Basutos, i. 177;
witches and wizards, vi. 104

_Balolo_, a sea-slug, ix. 141.
_See also_ Palolo veridis

Balong of the Cameroons, their external souls in animals, xi. 203

Balquhidder, in Perthshire, the harvest Maiden at, vii. 157;
hill of the fires at, x. 149;
Hallowe’en bonfires at, x. 232

Balsam plants, wild, as representatives of the harvest goddess, vii. 207

_Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt._, the sunflower root, superstitions of
Thompson Indians concerning the, viii. 81

Balthasar, one of the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 _sqq._

Balum, a mythical being of German New Guinea, iii. 306

_Balum_, spirits, vii. 104, ix. 83, xi. 242

Balwe in Westphalia, Burying the Carnival at, iv. 232

Bâm-Margi, Hindoo sect, their use of magical images, i. 65

Bambaras of the Niger, their sacred trees, ii. 42

Bamboo-rat sacrificed for riddance of evils, ix. 208 _sq._

Bampton-in-the-Bush in Oxfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 62

Banana, women impregnated by the flower of the, v. 93;
shoots beaten to make them grow, ix. 264

—— -tree, supposed to fertilize barren women, ii. 318;
child’s hair deposited on a, iii. 276;
afterbirth of child buried under a, xi. 162, 163, 164

—— -trees, fruit-bearing, hair deposited under, iii. 286

Bananas, homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 142;
sown by young children, vii. 115;
cultivated by women, vii. 115, 118;
cultivated in South America, vii. 120, 121;
cultivated in New Britain, vii. 123;
cultivated in New Guinea, vii. 123;
soul of dead man in, viii. 298;
mode of fertilizing, ix. 264;
the cause of human mortality, ix. 303

Banars of Cambodia, their prayers for the crops, viii. 33

Bancroft, H. H., on the external souls of the Zapotecs, xi. 212

Bandages to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 32, 71

Bandiagara, Mount, in Nigeria, iii. 124

Bandicoot in rain-making, i. 288

Bangala, the, of the Upper Congo, continence observed by fishers and
hunters among, iii. 195 _sq._;
names of fishermen not mentioned among, iii. 330 _sq._;
rebirth of dead among, v. 92;
women’s share in agriculture among, vii. 119.
_See also_ Boloki

Bangalas of Angola, elective chieftainship among the, ii. 293

Bangerang, an Australian tribe, iii. 321

Bangkok, ix. 150;
human foundation sacrifices at, iii. 90

Bangweolo, Lake, custom as to sowing on the islands of, vii. 115

Banished prince, charm to restore a, i. 145

Banishment of homicide, iv. 69 _sq._;
of evil spirits, ix. 86

Banivas of the Orinoco, their scourging of girls at puberty, x. 66 _sqq._

Banjars in West Africa punish their king for drought or excessive rain, i.
353

Banks’ Islanders, their ways of making sunshine, i. 314;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;
their story of the origin of death, ix. 304

Banks’ Islands, magical stones in the, i. 164;
supernatural power of chiefs in the, i. 338;
ghosts in stones in the, iii. 80;
Vanua Lava in the, iii. 85;
names of relations by marriage tabooed in the, iii. 344 _sq._;
burial of women who have died in childbed in the, viii. 97 _sq._;
fatigue transferred to stones, sticks, or leaves in the, ix. 9

Banksia, used as fuel by Australian aborigines, ii. 257

Banmanas of Senegambia, their custom at the death of an infant, ix. 261
_sq._

Banna, a tribe accustomed to strangle their first-born children, iv. 181
_sq._

Banner, Macleod’s Fairy, i. 368

Banquets in honour of the spirits of disease, ix. 119

Bantiks of Celebes, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv.
130 _n._ 1

Banting in Sarawak, rules observed by women during absence of warriors at,
i. 127, 128

Bantu tribes, ancestor-worship among the, ii. 221, vi. 174 _sqq._;
their small regard for the ghosts of women, ii. 224 _n._ 4;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82 _sqq._;
their worship of dead chiefs or kings, vi. 175 _sqq._, 191 _sqq._;
cohabitation of husband and wife enjoined as a matter of ritual on
certain occasions among the, viii. 70 _n._ 1

—— tribes of Kavirondo, custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 176
_sq._;
their belief as to the effect of eating a totemic animal, viii. 26

—— tribes of South Africa, their ideas as to the virulent infection spread
by a woman who has had a miscarriage, iii. 152 _sqq._;
their rule as to eating the new corn, viii. 111;
their fear of demons, ix. 77 _sq._

—— tribes of South-East Africa, their fire-drill, ii. 210 _sq._

—— tribes of West Africa, their belief in demons, ix. 74

Banyai, chieftainship among the, ii. 292

Banyan-trees revered by the Chinese, ii. 14

Banyoro, the, of Central Africa, foes of the Baganda, ix. 42, 194;
the king as rain-maker among, i. 348;
succession to the throne determined by mortal combat among, ii. 322;
their worship of serpents, v. 86 _n._ 1
_See also_ Unyoro

Baobab-trees thought to be inhabited by mischievous spirits, ii. 34;
worshipped, ii. 46;
goats sacrificed to, ii. 47

Baoules of the Ivory Coast, extraction of chief’s soul among the, iii. 70

Baperis or Malekootoos, a Bechuana tribe, their customs as to their totem
the porcupine, viii. 164 _sq._

Baptism of bull’s blood in the rites of Cybele, v. 274 _sqq._

Baptist, St. John the, day of, i. 277.
_See_ St. John

Bar-rekub, king of Samal, v. 15 _sq._

_Bar_-tree (_Ficus Indica_), married to a mango in India, ii. 25;
sacred in India, ii. 43

Bara, a tribe of Madagascar, names of dead kings not pronounced among the,
iii. 380

—— country in Madagascar, fear of being photographed in the, iii. 98

Barabbas and Christ, ix. 417 _sqq._

_Baraka_, blessed or magical virtue, in North Africa, ix. 23 _n._, x. 216,
218, xi. 51;
of saints, ix. 22;
of skins of sacrificed sheep, ix. 265

Baram River, in Sarawak, tree-worship on the, ii. 38 _sq._;
in Borneo, magical stones on the, iii. 30

Barar, third marriage deemed unlucky in, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Barat, a ceremony performed in Kumaon, ix. 196

Barber, Rev. Dr. W. T. A., on substitutes for capital punishment in China,
iv. 145 _n._, 275

Barbosa, Duarte, on the suicide of the kings of Quilacare, iv. 46 _sq._

Barce or Alceis, daughter of Antaeus, ii. 300 _sq._

Barcelona, ceremony of “Sawing the Old Woman” at, iv. 242

Barclay, Sheriff, on Hallowe’en fires, x. 232

Bardney bumpkin, on witch as hare, x. 318

Bare-Stripping Hangman, Argyleshire story of the, xi. 129 _sq._

Barea, of East Africa, rain-making priest among the, ii. 3;
women will not name their husbands, iii. 337

—— and Kunama, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 66

Barenton, the fountain of, used in rain-making, i. 306, 307

Bari, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among, i. 345, 346
_sq._;
Rain Kings among, ii. 2

Barito, the, of Borneo, sacrifice cattle instead of human victims, iv. 166
_n._ 1

——, river in Borneo, worship of spirits on the, ix. 87

Bark of sacred tree used to make garments for pregnant women, ii. 58

Barker, W. G. M. Jones, on need-fire in Yorkshire, x. 286 _sq._

Barking a tree, old German penalty for, ii. 9

Barley forced for festival, v. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 _sq._;
awarded as a prize in the Eleusinian games, vii. 73, 74, 75;
oldest cereal cultivated by the Aryans, vii. 132

—— Bride among the Berbers, vii. 178 _sq._

—— -cow at harvest, vii. 289, 290

—— -harvest, time of, in ancient Greece, vii. 48, 77

—— loaf eaten by human scapegoat before being put to death, ix. 255

—— -meal and water drunk as a form of communion with the Barley-Goddess at
Eleusis, vii. 161

—— -mother, the, vii. 131;
the last sheaf called the, vii. 135

—— plant, external soul of prince in a, xi. 102

—— seed used to strengthen weakly children, vii. 11

—— -sow at threshing, vii. 298

—— -water, draught of, as a form of communion in the Eleusinian mysteries,
vii. 38

—— and wheat discovered by Isis, vi. 116

—— -wolf in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273

Barolongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, their worship of ancestors, vi.
179;
their custom of inoculation, viii. 159 _n._ 4

Baron, R., on the reverence for dead kings in Madagascar, iii. 380

Baron, S., on annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 147 _sq._

Baronga, the, of South Africa, their charm against worms, i. 152;
their charm against snake-bite, i. 153;
their beliefs and customs as to twins, i. 267 _sq._;
preserve the hair and nails of dead chiefs, iii. 272;
their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 10 _sq._;
their custom as to falling stars, iv. 61;
women’s part in agriculture among the, vii. 114 _sq._;
their mode of freeing the fields from beetles, viii. 280;
their story of a clan whose external souls were in a cat, xi. 150 _sq._
_See also_ Ba-Ronga

Barotse or Marotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, rain-making among the,
i. 310 _n._ 7;
regard their chief as a demi-god, i. 392 _sq._;
exorcism after a funeral among the, iii. 107;
their belief in a supreme god Niambe, vi. 193;
their worship of dead kings, vi. 194 _sq._;
woman’s part in agriculture among the, vii. 115;
inoculation among the, viii. 159;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28, 29

Barren cattle driven through fire, x. 203, 338

—— fruit-trees threatened in order to make them bear fruit, ii. 20 _sqq._

—— women, charms to procure offspring for, i. 70 _sqq._;
sterilizing influence ascribed to, i. 142;
embrace a tree to obtain offspring, i. 182;
thought to conceive through eating nuts of a palm-tree, ii. 51;
fertilized by trees, ii. 56 _sq._, 316 _sq._;
thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 102;
fertilized by water-spirits, ii. 159 _sqq._, v. 213 _sq._, 216;
resort to graves in order to get children, v. 90;
entice souls of dead children to them, v. 94;
hope to conceive through fertilizing influence of vegetables, xi. 51.
_See also_ Childless

Barrenness of women cured by passing through holed stone, v. 36, with _n._
4;
removed by serpent, v. 86;
children murdered as a remedy for, v. 95

Barricading the road against a ghostly pursuer, xi. 176

“Barring the fire,” i. 231 _n._ 3

Barringtonia, offerings made under a, in Guadalcanal, viii. 126

Barros, De, Portuguese historian, on custom of regicide at Passier, iv. 51
_sq._

Barrows of Halfdan, vi. 100

Barsana, in North India, Holi bonfires at, xi. 2, 5

Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee priests, v. 191 _n._ 2

Barth, H., on sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 133 _n._ 1

Bartle Bay, in British New Guinea, power of magicians at, i. 338;
festival of the wild mango tree at, x. 7 _sqq._

Barwan, river in Australia, annual expulsion of ghosts on the, ix. 123

Bas Doda, in India, marriage of girls to the god at, ii. 149

Basagala, the, of Central Africa, changes in their language caused by
their fear of naming the dead, iii. 361

Bashada, a tribe accustomed to strangle their first-born children, iv. 181
_sq._

Bashilange, a tribe of the Congo Basin, reception of subject chiefs by
head chief among the, iii. 114

Bashkirs, their horse-races at funerals, iv. 97

Basil, curses at sowing, i. 281;
the Holy, plant worshipped in India, ii. 25 _sqq._;
pots of, on St. John’s Day in Sicily, v. 245.
_See also_ Tulasi

_Basilai_, officials at Olympia, i. 46 _n._ 4

Basis, physical, of magic, i. 174 _sq._;
for the theory of an external soul, i. 201

Basket, souls gathered into a, iii. 72

Basoga, the, of Central Africa, form blood-brotherhood with the trees
which they fell, ii. 19 _sq._;
their punishment of the seduction of a virgin, ii. 112;
their abhorrence of incest in cattle, ii. 112 _sq._;
their pretended human sacrifice, iv. 215

Basque hunter transformed into bear, xi. 226, 270

—— story of the external soul, xi. 139

Bassa tribe, of the Cameroons, reputed to be magicians, ix. 120

Bassareus, a title of Dionysus, viii. 282 _n._ 5

Bassari, the, of Togoland, their superstition as to the mothers of twins,
ii. 102 _n._ 1;
their offerings of new yams, viii. 116

_Bassia latifolia_ worshipped, viii. 119

Bassus, Roman officer, ix. 309

Bastar, province of India, treatment of witches in, xi. 159

Bastard, traveller in Madagascar, iii. 103

——, name applied to the last sheaf in West Prussia, vii. 150

Bastian, Adolf, on extinguishing fires after a death, ii. 268;
as to sanctity of head in Siam and Burma, iii. 252 _sq._;
on animal sacraments among pastoral tribes, viii. 313;
on the worship of nats in Burma, ix. 96 _n._ 3;
on rites of initiation in West Africa, xi. 256 _sq._

Basutoland, attempts to regulate the calendar in, vii. 116 _sq._;
inoculation in, viii. 158 _sq._, 160

Basutos, use of magical dolls among the, i. 71;
their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 177;
their contagious magic of bodily impressions, i. 214;
keep all defiled persons from the sight of corn, ii. 112;
their belief as to the spirits of waterfalls, ii. 157;
their custom of kindling a new fire after a birth, ii. 239;
abhor the sea, iii. 10;
avoidance of wife’s mother among the, iii. 85;
their superstition as to reflections in water, iii. 93;
their burial custom, iii. 107;
their purification of warriors, iii. 172;
purification of cattle among the, iii. 177;
their chiefs buried secretly, vi. 104;
their worship of the dead, vi. 179 _sq._;
their customs as to the new corn, viii. 110;
their sacrifice of first-fruits, viii. 110;
eat the hearts of brave men to make themselves brave, viii. 148;
their custom of placing stones on cairns, ix. 30 _n._ 2;
their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 31

Bata and Anpu, ancient Egyptian story of, xi. 134 _sqq._

Bataks or Battas of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, v. 199 _sq._;
their _tondi_, the soul of human beings and of rice, vii. 182.
_See_ Battas

Batang Lupar, in Borneo, the Dyaks of, their “lying heaps,” ix. 14

—— -Lupars of Borneo, the foes of the Kayans, vii. 96

Bataraguru, a person of the Batta Trinity, v. 199 _sq._, ix. 88 _n._ 1

Batari Sri, a goddess in Lombok, vii. 202

Batavia, rain-making by means of a cat in, i. 289

Batchelor, Rev. J., on the Aino ceremony with the new millet, viii. 52;
on the Aino _kamui_, viii. 180 _n._ 2;
on the bear as a totem or god of the Ainos, viii. 180, 198;
on the suckling of bears by the Aino women, viii. 182 _n._ 2;
on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 183 _sq._;
on the _inao_ of the Ainos, viii. 186 _n._;
on the Aino belief in the resurrection of animals, viii. 201;
his purification after visiting an Aino grave, ix. 261

Bath before marriage, intention of, ii. 162;
of ox blood, iv. 35, 201;
in river at the rites of Cybele, v. 273, 274 _n._;
of bull’s blood in the rites of Attis, v. 274 _sqq._;
of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, v. 280

—— of Aphrodite, v. 280

—— of Demeter, v. 280

—— of Hera in the river Burrha, v. 280;
in the spring of Canathus, v. 280

Bathing and washing forbidden to rain-doctor when he wishes to prevent
rain from falling, i. 271, 272;
bathing as a rain-charm, i. 277 _sq._;
(washing) as a ceremonial purification, iii. 141, 142, 150, 153, 168,
169, 172, 173, 175, 179, 183, 192, 198, 219, 220, 222, 285,
286;
forbidden, vii. 94

—— on St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), v. 246 _sqq._;
pagan origin of the custom, v. 249

—— at Easter, x. 123;
at Midsummer, x. 208, 210, 216, xi. 29 _sqq._;
thought to be dangerous on Midsummer Day, xi. 26 _sq._

Baths of Hercules, v. 212

—— of Solomon in Moab, v. 215

Baton of Sinope, on the Thessalian festival Peloria, ix. 350

Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god in Nias, v. 202

Bats, souls of dead in, viii. 287;
the lives of men in, xi. 215 _sq._, 217;
called men’s “brothers,” xi. 215, 216, 218

Batta magicians exorcize demons by means of images, viii. 102

Battambang, a province of Siam, ceremony to procure rain in, i. 299

Battas or Bataks of Sumatra, magical images among the, i. 71 _sq._;
their belief as to the placenta, i. 193;
fight the storm, i. 330;
worship a prince as a deity, i. 398 _sq._;
revere the Sultan of Minangkabau, i. 399;
their sacred trees, ii. 41;
think that fornication and incest injure the crops, ii. 108;
their use of rice to prevent the soul from wandering, iii. 34 _sq._;
their recall of lost souls, iii. 45 _sqq._;
their belief in the transmigration of souls, iii. 65;
afraid of being photographed, iii. 99;
ceremony at the reception of a traveller among the, iii. 104;
their custom as to eating, iii. 116;
untie things to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296 _sq._;
names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 338 _sq._;
use a special language in searching for camphor, iii. 405 _sq._;
their personification of the rice, vii. 196;
their observation of Orion and the Pleiades, vii. 315;
their ceremonies at killing a tiger, viii. 216 _sq._;
believe that the souls of the dead often transmigrate into tigers, viii.
293;
their use of swallows as scapegoats, ix. 34 _sq._;
their belief in demons, ix. 87 _sq._;
their belief in a Trinity, ix. 88 _n._ 1;
their use of human scapegoats, ix. 213;
their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 223;
their totemic system, xi. 224 _sqq._
_See also_ Bataks

Battel, Andrew, on the king of Loango, iii. 117 _sq._;
on the colour of negro children at birth, xi. 251 _n._ 1

Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, iii. 165 _sqq._, vi. 251 _sq._;
mock, viii. 75;
annual, among boys in Tumleo, ix. 143

—— of the gods and giants, v. 157

—— of Summer and Winter, iv. 254 _sqq._

Battle-axe, sacred golden, i. 365

Battus, king of Cyrene, i. 47

Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tammuz and Adonis, v. 6 _n._ 1;
on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, v. 228 _n._
6;
on summer festival of Adonis, v. 232 _n._;
on Linus song, vii. 216 _n._ 4

Baumeister, A., on the date of the Homeric _Hymn to Demeter_, vii. 35 _n._
1

Bautz, Dr. Joseph, on hell fire, iv. 136 _n._ 1

Bavaria, custom as to cast teeth in, i. 178;
greasing the weapon instead of the wound which it inflicted, in, i. 204;
green bushes placed at doors of newly-married pairs in, ii. 56;
the Maypole renewed every few years in, ii. 70;
the _Walber_ in, ii. 75;
drama of the Slaying of the Dragon at Furth in, ii. 163 _sq._;
Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 206 _sq._;
carrying out Death in, iv. 233 _sqq._;
dramatic contests between Summer and Winter in, iv. 255 _sq._;
gardens of Adonis in, v. 244;
Dinkelsbühl in, vii. 133;
Weiden in, vii. 139;
harvest customs in, vii. 147, 148, 150, 219 _sq._, 221 _sq._, 223, 232,
282, 286, 287, 289, 296, 298, 299;
the thresher of the last corn obliged to “carry the Pig” in, vii. 299;
cure for fever in, ix. 49;
annual expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night in, ix. 159 _sq._;
old Mrs. Perchta (a mythical old woman) in, ix. 240 _sq._;
mode of reckoning the Twelve Days in, ix. 327;
Easter bonfires in, x. 143 _sq._;
belief as to eclipses in, x. 162;
Midsummer fires in, x. 164 _sqq._;
leaf-clad mummer at Midsummer in, xi. 26;
the divining-rod in, xi. 67 _sq._;
peasants’ belief as to hazel in, xi. 69 _n._;
creeping through a holed stone or narrow opening in, xi. 188 _sq._

Bavaria, Rhenish, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 198;
homoeopathic treatment of a broken leg in, i. 205;
leaf-clad mummer at Whitsuntide in, ii. 81;
gout transferred to willow-bush in, ix. 56

——, Upper, the bride-race in, ii. 304;
ceremonies on Ascension Day in villages of, ix. 215;
use of mistletoe in, xi. 85 _n._ 4

Bavarian charm at sowing wheat, i. 137;
to make fruit-trees bear, i. 140 _sq._

—— farmers will not name the fox, iii. 396

—— peasants, their homoeopathic magic as to fruit-trees, i. 143

—— saying as to crossed legs, iii. 299

Bavili, the, of Loango, their belief that certain unlawful marriages are
punished by God with drought, ii. 112;
tampering with people’s shadows among, iii. 78;
seclusion of girls at puberty among, x. 31

Bawenda, tribe of the Transvaal, their chief a rain-maker, i. 351;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal among
the, i. 401 _n._ 3;
blood of princes not to be shed among the, iii. 243;
their custom of placing stones in the forks of trees, ix. 30 _n._ 2;
the positions of their villages hidden, vi. 251

Bayazid, the Sultan, and his soul, iii. 50

Bayfield, M. A., on the punishment of unfaithful Vestals, ii. 228 _n._ 5

Beal-fires on Midsummer Eve in Yorkshire, x. 198

Bealltaine, May Day, iii. 11.
_See_ Beltane

Bean, sprouting of, in superstitious ceremony, i. 266;
the budding of a, as an omen, ii. 344

——, King of the, ix. 313 _sq._, x. 153 _n._ 1;
Queen of the, ix. 313, 315

—— clan among the Baganda, ix. 27

—— -cock at harvest, vii. 276

—— -goat among the beans, vii. 282

Beans in ceremony performed by parents of twins in Peru, i. 266, ii. 102
_n._ 1;
not to be touched or named by the Flamen Dialis, ii. 248, iii. 13 _sq._;
in magical rite, vii. 9 _sq._;
the Spirit of, conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177;
cultivated in Burma, vii. 242;
ceremony at eating the new, viii. 64;
forbidden as food by Empedocles, viii. 301;
thrown about the house at the expulsion of demons, ix. 143 _sq._;
thrown about the house at the expulsion of ghosts, ix. 155;
divination by, on Midsummer Eve, x. 209

Bear, customs observed by Lapps after killing a, iii. 221;
ambiguous attitude of the Ainos towards the, viii. 180 _sqq._, 310
_sq_.;
importance of the, for people of Siberia, viii. 191;
the corn-spirit as a, viii. 325 _sqq._;
external soul of warrior in a, xi. 151;
Basque hunter transformed into a, xi. 226, 270;
simulated transformation of novice into a, xi. 274 _sq._
_See also_ Bears

——, the Great, constellation, vii. 315;
the soul of Typhon in, iv. 5

——, the polar, taboos, concerning, iii. 209

—— -cats, souls of dead in, viii. 294

—— clan of the Moquis, descended from bears, viii. 178;
of the Otawa Indians, their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 224
_sq._;
of the Niska Indians, xi. 271, 272 _n._ 1

—— -dance of man who pretends to be a bear, xi. 274

—— -dances, viii. 191, 195

—— -festivals of the Ainos, viii. 182 _sqq._;
of the Gilyaks, viii. 190 _sqq._;
of the Goldi, viii. 197;
of the Orotchis, viii. 197

—— -hunting, continence before, iii. 197, 198

—— -skin worn by woman dancer, viii. 223

Bear’s bile and heart eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 146

—— flesh, a person who has eaten of, obliged to abstain from fish for a
year, viii. 251

Bear’s heart eaten, viii. 146

—— “little tongue” removed by American Indian hunters, viii. 269

—— liver, as a medicine, viii. 187 _sq._

—— skin, Lapp women shoot blindfold at a, xi. 280 _n._

“Beard of Volos,” vii. 233

Beard, the first, consecrated, i. 29

Bearded Venus, in Cyprus, v. 165, vi. 259 _n._ 3

“Beardless One, the Ride of the,” a Persian ceremony, ix. 402 _sq._

Beards, homoeopathic magic to promote the growth of, i. 153 _sq._;
not pulled out by chiefs and sorcerers, iii. 260

Bearers to carry royal personages, x. 3 _sq._

Bears sacrificed by the Gilyaks of Saghalien, iii. 370;
not to be called by their proper names, iii. 397 _sq._, 399, 402;
killed ceremonially by the Ainos, viii. 180 _sqq._;
souls of dead in, viii. 286 _sq._;
processions with, in Europe, viii. 326 _n._ 3

——, slain, propitiated by Kamtchatkans, Ostiaks, Koryaks, Finns, and
Lapps, viii. 222 _sqq._;
by American Indians, viii. 224 _sqq._
_See also_ Bear

Beast, the number of the, iv. 44

Beasts, sacred Egyptian, offerings to the, i. 29 _sq._;
sacred, held responsible for the course of nature in ancient Egypt, i.
354

Beathag, the lucky well of, i. 323

Beating as a mode of purification, ix. 262, x. 61, 64 _sqq._

—— the air to drive away demons or ghosts, iii. 373, ix. 109, 111, 115,
122, 131, 152, 156, 234

—— boys with leg-bone of eagle-hawk, viii. 165 _n._ 2

—— cattle to make them fat or fruitful, iv. 236

—— effigy of ox with rods in China, viii. 11 _sq._

—— floors or walls of houses to drive away ghosts, iii. 168, 170

—— frogs as a rain-charm, i. 292

—— girls at puberty, x. 61, 66 _sq._

—— human scapegoats, ix. 196, 252, 255, 256 _sq._, 272 _sq._

—— a man clad in a cow’s hide on last day of year, viii. 322 _sqq._

—— a man’s garments instead of the man, i. 206 _sq._

—— people for good luck, vii. 309;
as a mode of conveying good qualities, ix. 262 _sqq._;
with skins of sacrificial victims, ix. 265;
with green boughs, ix. 270 _sqq._;
to stimulate the reproductive powers, ix. 272

—— persons, animals, or things to deliver them from demons and ghosts, ix.
259 _sqq._

Beating with rods in rain-making, i. 257 _sq._

—— the sea with rods as a rain-charm, i. 301

Beauce, the great _mondard_ in, viii. 6;
festival of torches in, x. 113;
story of a were-wolf in, x. 309

Beauce and Perche, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 198;
conflagrations supposed to be extinguished by priests in, i. 231 _n._ 3;
belief as to falling stars in, iv. 67;
fever transferred to an aspen in, ix. 57;
cure for toothache in, ix. 62;
Midsummer fires in, x. 188

Beaufort, F., on perpetual flame in Lycia, v. 222 _n._

Beauty and the Beast type of tale, iv. 125 _sqq._

Beauvais, the Festival of Fools at, ix. 335 _sq._

Beaver asked to give a new tooth, i. 180;
the Great, prayers offered by beaver-hunters to, viii. 240

—— clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273

Beavers, their bones not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 238 _sqq._;
their blood not allowed to fall on ground, viii. 240

Bechuana charms, i. 150 _sq._

—— king, cure of, ix. 31 _sq._

Bechuanas, the, of South Africa, their homoeopathic charms made from
animals, i. 150 _sq._;
their sacrifice for rain, i. 291;
their ceremony to cause the sun to shine, i. 313;
the hack-thorn sacred among the, ii. 48 _sq._;
their purification after a journey, iii. 112, 285;
their purification of manslayers, iii. 172 _sq._, 174;
will not tell their stories before sunset, iii. 384;
think it unlucky to speak of the lion by his proper name, iii. 400;
their fear of meteors, iv. 61;
their ritual at founding a new town, vi. 249;
their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, vi. 249, 250
_sq._;
human sacrifices for the crops among the, vii. 240;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 316;
of the Crocodile clan, their fear of meeting or seeing a crocodile,
viii. 28;
their ceremonies before eating the new fruits, viii. 69 _sq._;
the Baperis, a tribe of, viii. 164;
their custom of mutilating an ox after a battle, viii. 271;
their belief as to sympathetic relation of man to wounded crocodile, xi.
210 _sq._

Bed of absent hunter or warrior not to be used, i. 123, 127, 128, 129;
feet of, smeared with mud, iii. 14;
prohibitionto sleep in a, iii. 194.
_See also_ Beds

Bed-clothes, contagious magic of bodily impressions on, i. 213

Bedding at home not to be raised in the absence of hunters, i. 121

Bede, on the succession of Pictish kings, ii. 286;
on the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83

Bedouins of East Africa attack whirlwinds, i. 331;
regard an acacia-tree as sacred, ii. 42;
fire-drill of the ancient, ii. 209;
annual festival of the Sinaitic, iv. 97

Bedriacum, the battle of, iv. 140, ix. 416

Beds of absent hunters, children not to play on, i. 123

Bee, external soul of an ogre in a, xi. 101.
_See also_ Bees

Beech, M. W. H., on serpent-worship among the Suk, v. 85

Beech or fir used to make the Yule log, x. 249

—— -tree in sacred grove of Diana, i. 40;
burnt in Lenten bonfire, x. 115 _sq._

—— -woods of Denmark, ii. 351

Beeches of Latium, ii. 188;
struck by lightning, proportion of, xi. 298 _sq._;
free from mistletoe, xi. 315

Beef and milk not to be eaten at the same meal, iii. 292

_Beena_ marriage, ii. 271; in Ceylon, vi. 215

Beer, continence observed at brewing, iii. 200;
in relation to Dionysus, vii. 2 _n._ 1;
drunk out of dead king’s skull as means of inspiration, viii. 150

Bees on image of Artemis at Ephesus, i. 37;
the King Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, ii. 135 _sq._;
the sting of, a popular cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 _n._ 2;
transmigration of quiet people into, viii. 308;
thought to be killed by menstruous women, x. 96;
ashes of bonfires used to cure ailments of, x. 142

Beetle, in magic, i. 152;
external soul in a, xi. 138, 140

Beetles, superstitious precautions against, viii. 279, 280

Befana at Rome and elsewhere, ix. 167

Begbie, General, v. 62 _n._

Begetting novices anew at initiation, pretence of, xi. 248

Beggar, name given to last sheaf, vii. 231 _sq._

—— -man, the binder of the last sheaf called the, vii. 231

Behanzin, king of Dahomey, represented with the head and body of a fish,
iv. 85

Behar district of India, virtue ascribed to abuse in, i. 279;
rain-charm by means of a stone in, i. 305;
“wives of the snake” in, ii. 149;
custom of swinging in, iv. 279;
bullocks let loose on eleventh day of mourning in, ix. 37 _n._ 4;
the fire-walk in, xi. 5

Beheading the King, a Whitsuntide pageant in Bohemia, iv. 209 _sq._

—— Whitsuntide mummers, pretence of, iv. 206 _sqq._

_Beifuss_, German name for mugwort, xi. 60 _n._ 6

Bekes, in Hungary, mode of fertilizing women in, ix. 264

Beku, dwarf tribe of West Africa, their magical ointment for acquiring the
power of the dead, viii. 163 _sq._

Bel or Marduk, a Babylonian deity, v. 71;
his human wife, ii. 129 _sq._;
identified with Zeus, ix. 389;
created the world by cleaving the monster Tiamat in two, ix. 410;
the fires of, x. 147, 157, 158 _sq._

Belep, the, of New Caledonia, their charm to disable an enemy, i. 150

Beleth, John, his _Rationale Divinorum Officiorum_ quoted, x. 161 _n._ 2

Belethus, J., on “Easter Smacks,” ix. 270 _n._

Belfast, the last sheaf called Granny near, vii. 136

Belford, in Northumberland, the Yule log at, x. 256

Belgian cure for fever, ix. 56 _n._ 1

Belgium, mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;
cut hair burnt in, iii. 283;
belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;
belief as to meteors in, iv. 67;
Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70;
fox’s tongue a remedy for erysipelas in, viii. 270;
the King of the Bean in, ix. 313;
the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329;
Lenten fires in, x. 107 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 194 _sq._;
the Yule log in, x. 249;
bathing on Midsummer Day in, xi. 30;
divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53;
mugwort gathered on St. John’s Day or Eve in, xi. 59 _sq._;
vervain gathered on St. John’s Day in, xi. 62;
four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63;
the witches’ Sabbath in, xi. 73

Bell-ringing as a charm to dispel evil influences, ii. 343 _sq._
_See_ Bells

Bella Coola (Bilqula) Indians of British Columbia, their conception of the
soul as a bird, iii. 34;
their cannibal rites, vii. 20;
their masked dances, ix. 376 _n._ 2;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46;
custom of mourners among the, xi. 174

Bellerophon and Pegasus, v. 302 _n._ 4

Belli-Paaro society in West Africa, rites of initiation in the, xi. 257
_sqq._

Bellochroy, enchanter at, x. 290

Bellona and Mars, vi. 231

Bells, carried by leaf-clad mummers, ii. 83, 84 _sq._;
worn by father of twins, ii. 102;
rung to drive away witches, ii. 127;
hung on cattle on St. George’s Day, ii. 332;
used in exorcism, iii. 102;
rung to conjure spirits, iii. 120;
worn as amulets, iii. 235;
worn by mummers, vii. 26, 28, viii. 332, 333, ix. 242, 243, 244, 246
_sqq._, 250 _sq._;
attached to hobby-horse, viii. 337 _sq._;
on animal used as scapegoat, ix. 37;
rung to expel demons, ix. 117, 118;
rung as a protection against witches, ix. 157, 158, 159, 161, 165, 166;
used in the expulsion of evils, ix. 196, 200;
used at the expulsion of demons, ix. 204, 214, 246 _sq._, 251;
worn by dancers, ix. 242, 243, 246 _sqq._, 250 _sq._;
used to exorcize storm fiend, ix. 246;
rung to make grass and flax grow, ix. 247 _sq._;
golden, worn by human representatives of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 280,
284;
worn by priest in exorcism, x. 5;
on priest’s legs, xi. 8

——, church, silenced in Holy Week, x. 123, 125 _n._ 1;
rung on Midsummer Eve, xi. 47 _sq._;
rung to drive away witches, xi. 73