Chapter XXXVI: Part 36

Stones anointed in order to avert bullets from warriors, i. 130;
tied to trees to make them bear fruit, i. 140;
magical, which cause boils, i. 147;
homoeopathic magic of, i. 160 _sqq._;
oaths upon, i. 160 _sq._;
employed to make fruits and crops grow, i. 162 _sqq._;
thrown on grave as a rain-charm, i. 286;
rain-making by means of, i. 304 _sqq._, 345, 346;
in charms to make the sun shine, i. 312, 313, 314;
put in trees to prevent sun from setting, i. 318;
placed in trees to indicate height of sun, i. 318;
in wind charms, i. 319, 322 _sq._;
oiled as a rain-charm, i. 346;
human souls conveyed into, iii. 66, 73;
ghosts in, iii. 80;
on which a man’s shadow should not fall, iii. 80;
fastened to last sheaf, vii. 135 _sq._, 138, 139;
criminal crushed between, at Mexican harvest-festival, vii. 237;
worshipped, viii. 127 _sq._;
heaped up near shrines of saints, ix. 21 _sq._;
communion by means of, ix. 21 _sq._;
thrown at demons, ix. 131, 146, 152;
thrown into Midsummer fire, x. 183, 191, 212;
placed round Midsummer fires, x. 190;
carried by persons on their heads at Midsummer, x. 205, 212;
at Hallowe’en fires, divination by, x. 230 _sq._, 239, 240;
used for curing cattle, x. 324, 325;
magical, inserted by spirits in the body of a new medicine-man, xi. 235

——, the Day of, the day of the new moon in the month of Bhadon (August),
i. 279

Stones, holed, custom of childless women passing through, v. 36, xi. 187;
to commemorate the dead, vi. 203;
sick people passed through, xi. 186 _sqq._

——, precious, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 _sq._

——, sacred, anointed, v. 36;
among the Semites, v. 107 _sqq._;
among the Khasis, v. 108 _n._ 1
_See also_ Churinga

—— and sticks, evil transferred to, ix. 8 _sqq._;
piled on the scene of crimes, ix. 13 _sqq._
_See also_ Throwing

Stoning, execution by, ix. 24 _n._ 2

Stoning human scapegoats, ix. 253, 254

Stool at installation of Shilluk kings, iv. 24

Stoole, near Downpatrick, Midsummer ceremony at, x. 205

_Stopfer_, maskers in Switzerland, ix. 239

Storeroom (_penus_), sacred, ii. 205 _sq._

Stories told as charms, vii. 102 _sqq._

Storm fiend exorcized by bells, ix. 246 _sq._

Storms, Catholic priests thought to possess the power of averting, i. 232;
thought to be caused by the spirits of the dead, ii. 183;
caused by cutting or combing the hair, ii. 271, 282

Stourton, in Warwickshire, the Queen of May at, ii. 88

Stout, Professor G. F., on an argument for immortality, viii. 261 _n._ 1

Stow, in Suffolk, witch at, i. 210

Stow, John, on Lords of Misrule, quoted, ix. 331 _sq._;
on Midsummer fires in London, x. 196 _sq._

Strabo, on a marriage custom of the Samnites, ii. 305;
on the use of acorn-bread in Spain, ii. 355;
on the concubines of Ammon, v. 72;
on Albanian moon-god, v. 73 _n._ 4;
on Castabala, v. 168 _n._ 6;
his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, v. 193;
on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, v. 195;
his description of Rhodes, v. 195 _n._ 3;
on Nysa, v. 206 _n._ 1;
on the priests of Pessinus, v. 286;
on the Sacaea, ix. 355, 369, 402 _n._ 1;
on the sacred slaves at Comana, ix. 370 _n._ 4;
on the worship of the goddess Ma at Comana, ix. 421 _n._ 1;
on the sanctuary at Zela, ix. 421 _n._ 1;
on the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14;
on the human sacrifices of the Celts, xi. 32

Strack, H. L., on the accusations of ritual murder brought against the
Jews, ix. 395 _n._ 3

Strackerjan, L., on fear of witchcraft in Oldenburg, x. 343 _n._

Strange land, ceremonies at entering a, iii. 109 _sqq._

Strangers, taboos on intercourse with, iii. 101 _sqq._;
suspected of practising magical arts, iii. 102;
ceremonies at the reception of, iii. 102 _sqq._;
dread of, iii. 102 _sqq._;
spells cast by, iii. 112;
killed, iii. 113;
excluded from religious rites, vii. 94, 111, 187, 249;
slain as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 217;
regarded as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 225 _sqq._, 230
_sq._, 253;
preferred as human victims, vii. 242

Strangulation as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243

Strap of wolf’s hide used by were-wolves, x. 310 _n._ 1

Strata of religion and society, viii. 36 _sq._

Strath Fillan, the harvest _Cailleach_ (Old Wife) in, vii. 166

Strathpeffer, in Ross-shire, Beltane bannocks near, x. 153

Strathspey, sheep passed through a hoop of rowan on All Saints’ Day and
Beltane in, xi. 184

Stratification of religion according to types of society, viii. 35 _sqq._;
of religious beliefs among the Malays, ix. 90 _n._ 1

Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, v. 270 _n._ 2;
rule as to the pollution of death at, vi. 227 _sq._

Straubing, in Lower Bavaria, the Corn-goat at cutting the last corn at,
vii. 282

Straw, the Yule, vii. 301 _sq._;
of Shrovetide Bear used to make geese and hens lay eggs, viii. 326;
wrapt round fruit-trees as a protection against evil spirits, ix. 164;
tied round trees to make them fruitful, x. 115

Straw-bear at Whittlesey, viii. 329

—— -bull, effigy placed on land of laggard farmer at harvest, vii. 289
_sq._

—— -goat at threshing in Bavaria, vii. 286

—— -man placed on apple-tree on April 24th or 25th, viii. 6

Stream, burial under a running, iii. 15

Streams, menstruous women not allowed to cross running, x. 97;
need-fire kindled between two running, x. 292

Strehlitz, in Silesia, athletic sports at harvest near, vii. 76;
driving away witches on Good Friday near, ix. 157

Strength of people bound up with their hair, xi. 158 _sq._

Strepsiades in Aristophanes, on the cause of rain, i. 285

Striking or throwing blindfold at corn, cocks, and hens, xi. 279 _n._ 4

String or thread used to tie soul to body, iii. 32 _sq._, 43, 51

String music in religion, v. 54

Strings, knotted, as amulets, iii. 309.
_See also_ Cords, Knots, _and_ Threads

_Striped Petticoat Philosophy, The_, x. 6

Stromberg Hill, burning wheel rolled down the, at Midsummer, x. 163

Stromness in the Orkneys, witch at, i. 326

“Strong names” of kings of Dahomey, iii. 374

Strudeli and Strätteli, female spirits of the wood, driven away on Twelfth
Night at Brunnen, ix. 165

Strutt, Joseph, on Midsummer fires in England, x. 196

Struys, John, on dances of women during war in Madagascar, i. 131

Stseelis Indians of British Columbia, dread and seclusion of menstruous
women among the, x. 89

Stuart, Mrs. A., on withered mistletoe, xi. 287 _n._ 1

Stuart Lake in British Columbia, Tinneh Indians about, x. 47

Stubbes, Phillip, his _Anatomie of Abuses_, ii. 66;
on May-poles, ii. 66 _sq._

Stubble-cock, name of harvest-supper in Silesia, vii. 277

Students of Fez, their mock sultan, iv. 152 _sq._

Stuhlmann, Fr., on ceremony at entering a strange land, iii. 109

Stukeley, W., on a Christmas custom at York, xi. 291 _n._ 2

Stumps of felled trees, green sprigs on, ii. 37 _sq._

Stuttgart, saying as to wind in corn near, vii. 292

Styria, belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66;
the Corn-mother in, vii. 133;
the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283;
fern-seed on Christmas night in, xi. 289

Styx, oath by the, iv. 70 _n._ 1;
the passage of Aeneas across the, xi. 294

Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said to be governed by a woman, vi. 211
_n._ 2

Sub-totems in Australia, xi. 275 _n._ 1

Subincision, use of blood shed at, i. 92, 94 _sq._;
among the aborigines of Central Australia, i. 92, 93, 95, 97, 154;
in South-Eastern Australia, i. 202;
at initiation of lads in Australia, xi. 227 _sq._, 234, 235

Sublician bridge at Rome, puppets of rushes annually thrown from the,
viii. 107

Subordination of the individual to the community, the principle of ancient
society, v. 300

Substitutes put to death instead of kings, iv. 56 _sqq._, 115, 160, 194
_sq._;
slaves killed as substitutes for their masters at a king’s funeral, iv.
117;
for human sacrifices, iv. 124, 214 _sqq._, v. 146 _sq._, 219 _sq._, 285,
289, vi. 99, 221, ix. 396 _sq._, 408;
voluntary, for capital punishment in China, iv. 145 _sq._, 273 _sqq._;
temporary, for the Shah of Persia, iv. 157 _sqq._;
voluntary, for corporal punishment in China, iv. 275 _sq._;
for animal sacrifices, viii. 95 _n._ 2

“Substitutes for a person” in China, puppets burnt to avert misfortune,
viii. 104

Substitution of souls as a remedy for sickness, iii. 57;
of puppet for soul of a sick man, iii. 62 _sq._;
of animals for human victims, iv. 124, 165, 166 _n._ 1, 177, vii. 24, 33
_sq._, 249;
of child for parent in sacrifice, iv. 188, 194;
of criminals for innocent victims in human sacrifices, iv. 195;
of effigies for human victims in sacrifice, iv. 215, 217 _sq._, viii. 94
_sqq._;
of rice-cakes for human victims, viii. 89;
of cakes for animal victims, viii. 95 _n._ 2

Subterranean Zeus, title of Pluto as god of fertility, vii. 66

_Subugo_ tree revered by the Masai, ii. 16

Subura at Rome, viii. 42, 43, 44

Succession to the chieftainship or kingship alternating between several
families, ii. 292 _sqq._;
in Polynesia, customs of, iv. 190 _sq._;
to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), v. 44, vi. 18, 210 _n._
1

—— to the kingdom, in ancient Latium, ii. 266 _sqq._;
determined by a race, ii. 299 _sqq._;
determined by mortal combat, ii. 322;
through marriage with the king’s widow, ii. 283, iv. 193 _sq._;
through marriage with a sister, iv. 193 _sq._;
conferred by personal relics of dead kings, iv. 202 _sq._

—— to the soul, iv. 196 _sqq._

Sucla-Tirtha in India, expulsion of sins in, ix. 202

Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, vi. 141;
ceremony of new fire in the, x. 134;
human hyaenas in the, x. 313

Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, v. 198;
their respect for ravens, viii. 221

Sudeten Mountains in Silesia, bonfires on Midsummer Eve on the, x. 170

Suffering, principle of vicarious, ix. 1 _sq._;
intensity of, a means to break the spell of witchcraft, x. 304

Sufferings and death of Dionysus, vii. 17

_Suffetes_ of Carthage, v. 116

Suffocation as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242

Suffolk, anointing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 203;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210;
May Day custom as to hawthorn in bloom in, ii. 52;
cure for ague in, ix. 68;
belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 _n._ 2;
duck baked alive as a sacrifice in, x. 303 _sq._

Sufi II., Shah of Persia, temporary substitute for, iv. 158

Sugar-bag totem in Australia, v. 101

—— -cane cultivated, vii. 121, 123;
custom at planting, viii. 119;
first-fruits of, offered to the sugar-cane god, viii. 119

Suicide of Buddhist monks, iv. 42 _sq._;
epidemic of, in Russia, iv. 44 _sq._;
as a mode of revenge, iv. 141;
by hanging, iv. 282

——, hand of, cut off, iv. 220 _n._

——, religious, iv. 42 _sqq._, 54 _sqq._;
in India, iv. 54 _sq._

Suicides, ghosts of, feared, iv. 220 _n._, v. 292 _n._ 3, ix. 17 _sq._;
custom observed at graves of, v. 93

Suk, the, of British East Africa, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344
_sq._;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85;
women’s work among the, vii. 117 _sq._;
their rule as to partaking of meat and milk, viii. 84;
give children the fat and hearts of lions to eat, viii. 142;
their dread of menstruous women, x. 81

Sukandar River, in Mirzapur, ghosts shut up in a tree on the, ix. 60 _sq._

Sulka (Sulkas), the, of New Britain, their way of stopping rain, i. 252
_sq._;
their rain-making by means of stones, i. 304;
their sacred stones, ii. 148;
their notion as to the phosphorescence of the sea, ii. 155 _n._ 1;
their dread of a woman in childbed, iii. 151;
will not speak of their enemies by their proper name, iii. 331;
tell stories only at evening or night, iii. 384 _sq._;
their belief as to meteors, iv. 65

Sulla at the temple of Diana on Mount Tifata, ii. 380; at Aedepsus, v. 212

“Sultan of the Oleander,” magical efficacy attributed by the Moors to the,
x. 18

“—— of the Scribes,” an annual mock sultan at Fez, iv. 152 _sq._

Sultan Bayazid and his soul, iii. 50

Sultans veiled, iii. 120

Sumatra, images used in evil magic in, i. 58;
magical images to obtain offspring in, i. 71;
pregnant woman not to stand at the door in, i. 114;
homoeopathic magic at sowing rice in, i. 136;
rain-charm by means of a black cat in, i. 291;
rain-charm by means of a stone in, i. 308 _sq._;
ceremony at felling a tree in, ii. 37;
special language used in searching for camphor in, iii. 406 _n._ 2;
spirits of gold mines treated with deference in, iii. 409;
personification of the rice in, vii. 191 _sq._, 196 _sq._;
observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 315;
kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212;
tigers respected in, viii. 215 _sqq._;
use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 _n._

Sumatra, the Battas (Bataks) of, i. 71, 193, 330, 398, ii. 41, 108, iii.
34, 45 _sq._, 104, 116, 296, 338, 405, v. 199, vi. 239, viii.
216, ix. 34, 87, 213;
totemism among, xi. 222 _sqq._

——, Central, treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 193

——, Gayo, a district of, ii. 29, viii. 33

——, the Gayos of, ii. 125, iii. 409 _n._ 3, 410

——, Jambi kingdom in, iv. 154

——, the Karo-Bataks of, i. 277 _sq._, iii. 52, 263

——, the Kooboos of, xi. 162 _n._ 2

——, Lampong in, iii. 10

——, the Loeboes or Looboos of, vi. 264, xi. 182 _sq._

——, Mandeling in, i. 192 _sq._, vii. 197, viii. 216

——, the Mandelings of, ii. 36, iii. 296

——, the Minangkabauers of, i. 58, 140, 193, iii. 32, 36, 41, vii. 191,
viii. 211 _sq._, 215, x. 79

——, Northern, the Gayos of, ii. 36

——, Passier in, iv. 51

——, the Solok district of, i. 278

Sumba, East Indian island, custom as to the names of princes in, iii. 376;
annual festival of the New Year and of the dead in, vi. 55 _sq._

Sumerians, their origin and civilization, v. 7 _sq._

Summer, bringing in the, ii. 74, iv. 233, 237, 238, 246 _sqq._;
myths of gods and spirits not to be told in, iii. 385 _sq._;
on the Mediterranean rainless, v. 159 _sq._;
in Greece rainless, vii. 69

—— called Aphrodite, vi. 41

——, King of, chosen on St. Peter’s Day, x. 195

—— and winter, personal names different in, iii. 386;
dramatic battle of, iv. 254 _sq._

Summer festival of Adonis, v. 226, 232 _n._

—— solstice in connexion with the Olympic festival, iv. 90;
swinging at the, iv. 280.
_See also_ Solstice

—— trees, carried from house to house in Silesia, iv. 246;
compared to May-trees, iv. 251 _sq._

Sun, prayers for children offered to the spirit of the, i. 72;
prayers of women to the, after the departure of the warriors, i. 130;
charm of the setting, i. 165 _sq._;
asked to give a new tooth, i. 181 _sq._;
magical control of the, i. 311 _sqq._;
charms to cause the sun to shine, i. 311 _sqq._;
prayers to the, at an eclipse, i. 312;
ancient Egyptian ceremonies for the regulation of the, i. 312;
human sacrifices offered by the Mexicans to the, i. 314 _sq._;
chief deity of the Rhodians, i. 315;
supposed to drive in chariot, i. 315;
chariots and horses dedicated by the Rhodians and kings of Judah to the,
i. 315, viii. 45;
horses sacrificed to the, i. 315 _sq._;
caught by net or string, i. 316;
worshipped by the Lithuanians, i. 317 _sq._;
the father of the Incas, i. 415;
Parthian monarchs the brothers of the, i. 417 _sq._;
incense deposited in sanctuaries of the, ii. 107;
marriage of a woman to the, ii. 146 _sq._;
worshipped by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146;
virgins of, in Peru, ii. 243 _sqq._;
not allowed to shine on sacred persons, iii. 3, 4, 6;
sacrifices to, in ancient Egypt, iii. 227 _n._;
represented by a bull, iv. 71 _sq._;
represented as a man with a bull’s head, iv. 75;
perhaps personated by the Olympic victors, iv. 91, vii. 86;
sacrifice of first-born children to the, iv. 183 _sq._;
called “the golden swing in the sky,” iv. 279;
Adonis interpreted as the, v. 228;
Osiris interpreted as the, vi. 120 _sqq._;
called “the eye of Horus,” vi. 121;
worshipped in Egypt, vi. 122, 123 _sqq._;
the power of regeneration ascribed to the, vi. 143 _n._ 4;
time of sowing determined by observation of the, vii. 187;
Japanese deities of the, vii. 212;
first-fruits offered to the, vii. 237, viii. 117;
temple of the, at Cuzco, vii. 310;
primitive mechanisms for observation of the, vii. 314;
festival of new fruits said to have been instituted by the, viii. 75;
origin of the Yuchi Indians from the mother of the, viii. 75;
the great chief of the Natchez descended from the, viii. 135;
appeal to the, at confession of sins, ix. 3;
reappearance of, in the Arctic regions, ceremonies at, ix. 124 _sq._,
125 _n._ 1;
spirit who lives in the, ix. 186;
hearts of human victims offered to the, ix. 279, 280 _sq._, 298;
Mexican story of the creation of the, ix. 410;
rule not to see the, x. 18 _sqq._;
not to shine on girls at puberty, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68;
not to be seen by Brahman boys for three days, x. 68 _n._ 2;
impregnation of women by the, x. 74 _sq._;
made to shine on women at marriage, x. 75;
sheep and lambs sacrificed to the, x. 132;
symbolized by a wheel, x. 334 _n._ 1, 335;
in the sign of the lion, xi. 66 _sq._;
magical virtues of plants at Midsummer derived from the, xi. 71 _sq._;
in the sign of Sagittarius, xi. 82;
calls men to himself through death, xi. 173, 174 _n._ 1;
fern-seed procured by shooting at, on Midsummer Day, xi. 291;
the ultimate cooling of the, xi. 307

——, the birth of the, at the winter solstice, heathen festival of, v. 303
_sqq._, x. 246, 331 _sq._;
Christmas, an old pagan festival of, v. 303 _sqq._, x. 246, 331 _sq._

—— and Earth, marriage of the, ii. 98 _sq._, 148, v. 47 _sq._

——, eclipses of the, ceremonies at, i. 311, 312;
beliefs and practices as to, iv. 73 _n._ 2, 77, x. 162 _n._;
defilement or poison thought to be caused by, x. 162 _n._

——, father of Alectrona, viii. 45

——, the Great, title of head chief of Natchez Indians, ii. 262, 263, viii.
77 _sqq._

—— and Moon, their marriage celebrated by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146
_sq._;
mythical and dramatic marriage of, iv. 71, 73 _sq._, 78, 87 _sq._, 90,
92, 105;
conjunction of, viii. 15 _n._ 1

——, moon, and stars represented by globes at the Laurel-bearing festival
at Thebes, iv. 88 _sq._;
human victims sacrificed to, by the heathen of Harran, vii. 261 _sq._

——, priest of the, among the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 _sq._;
Athenian, uses a white umbrella, x. 20 _n._ 1

——, the rising, salutations to, vi. 193, ix. 416

——, the setting, homoeopathic magic of, i. 165 _sq._;
charms to prevent, i. 316 _sqq._, ix. 30 _n._ 2

——, temple of the, round, among Blackfoot Indians, ii. 147;
at Cuzco, ii. 243, ix. 129, x. 132;
at Baalbec, v. 163;
among the Natchez, viii. 135

——, the Unconquered, Mithra identified with, v. 304

Sun-charms, i. 311 _sqq._, x. 331;
the solstitial and other ceremonial fires perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292

—— clan of the Bechuanas, their magic to cause the sun to shine, i. 313

—— -dial of the Dyaks, vii. 314 _n._ 4

—— -god, the, Egyptian ceremony to aid, i. 67 _sq._;
sacrifice for sunshine to, i. 291;
no wine offered to, i. 311;
the titles of, transferred to the kings of Egypt, i. 418;
the Egyptian, i. 418, 419, vi. 123 _sqq._, ix. 341;
draws away souls, iii. 64 _sq._;
supposed to drive in a four-horse car, iv. 91;
annually married to Earth-goddess, v. 47 _sq._;
hymns to, vi. 123 _sq._;
Sûrya, the Indian, xi. 1;
wakened from his sleep by the fires of the Pongol festival, xi. 46

Sun goddess, the Mikado an incarnation of the, i. 417, iii. 2;
of the Hittites, v. 133 _n._;
the Japanese, ix. 213 _n._ 1

—— -stone used in making sunshine, i. 314

Sunda, names of father and mother not to be mentioned in, iii. 341;
names of princes or chiefs not to be uttered in, iii. 376;
names of certain animals tabooed in, iii. 415.
_See also_ Sundanese

Sundal, in Norway, need-fire in, x. 280

Sundanese, their belief in the homoeopathic magic of house timber, i. 146;
expel tree-spirit before they fell the tree, ii. 36.
_See also_ Sunda

Sunday, children born on a Sunday can see treasures in the earth, xi. 288
_n._ 5

—— of the Firebrands, the first Sunday in Lent, x. 110

—— in Lent, the first, fire-festival on the, x. 107 _sqq._

—— of the Rose, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1

Sunderbans, tigers called jackals in the, iii. 403

Sunderland, cure for cough in, ix. 52

Sunflower roots, revered by the Thompson Indians, ii. 13;
ceremony at eating the, viii. 81

Sung-yang, were-tiger in, x. 310

Suni Mohammedans of Bombay cover mirrors at a death, iii. 95

Sunkalamma, a goddess, her effigy made of rice and eaten sacramentally by
the Malas of Southern India, viii. 93

Sunless, Prince, Acarnanian story of, x. 21

Sunset, stories not to be told before, iii. 384

Sunshine, use of fire as a charm to produce, x. 341 _sq._

_Süntevögel_ or _Sunnenvögel_, butterflies, expelled in Westphalia on St.
Peter’s Day, ix. 159 _n._ 1

Superb warbler, called women’s “sister” among the Kurnai, xi. 215 _n._ 1,
216, 218

Superhuman power supposed to be acquired by actors in sacred dramas, ix.
382, 383

Superiority of the goddess in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, vi. 201
_sq._;
of goddesses over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, vi. 202
_sqq._;
legal, of women over men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214

Supernatural basis of morality, iii. 213 _sq._

—— beings, their names tabooed, iii. 384 _sqq._

Superstition a crutch to morality, iii. 219;
spring pageants originate in, iv. 269

Superstitions as to the making of pottery, ii. 204 _sq._;
as to shooting stars, iv. 60 _sqq._;
associated with the Twelve Nights, ix. 326 _sqq._;
as to women at menstruation, x. 76 _sqq._;
associated with May Day and Hallowe’en, x. 224;
Index of, x. 270;
about parasitic rowans, xi. 281 _sq._;
about trees struck by lightning, xi. 296 _sqq._

Superstitious practices to procure good crops, vii. 100;
at the Midsummer festival of St. John the Baptist, xi. 45

Supper, the harvest, vii. 134, 138.
_See_ Harvest-supper

Supplementary days in the Egyptian year, vi. 6, ix. 340 _sq._;
in the ancient Mexican year, vi. 28 _n._ 3;
in the old Iranian year, vi. 67, 68;
in the year of the Mayas of Yucatan, ix. 171, 340;
in the Aztec year, ix. 339 _sq._
_See also_ Intercalary

Supply of kings, iv. 134 _sqq._

Supreme Being of the Ewe negroes, ix. 74 _sq._, 76 _n._ 1

—— Beings, otiose, in Africa, iv. 19 _n._

—— God of the Oraons, ix. 92 _sq._

—— gods in Africa, vi. 165, 173 _sq._, 174, 186, with note 5, 187 _n._ 1,
188 _sq._, 190

Surenthal in Switzerland, new fire made by friction at Midsummer in the,
x. 169 _sq._

Surinam, the Bush negroes of, ii. 385, viii. 26

Surrey, the weald of, ii. 7

Survival of the fittest, the principle of, apparently enunciated by
Empedocles, viii. 306;
stated by Aristotle, viii. 306

Sûrya, the Indian sun-god, xi. 1

Susa, to the south of Abyssinia, the king of, eats behind a curtain, iii.
119

——, in Persia, scene of the Book of Esther laid at, ix. 360, 366

Sussex, belief as to cast teeth in, i. 177 _sq._;
the weald of, ii. 7;
belief in, as to ground on which blood has been shed, iii. 244;
superstition as to clipped hair in, iii. 270 _sq._;
cleft ash-trees used for the cure of rupture in, xi. 169 _sq._

Sutherland, the _corp chre_ in, i. 69

Sutherlandshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162;
custom at eating new potatoes in, viii. 51;
the need-fire in, x. 294 _sq._;
sept of the Mackays, “the descendants of the seal,” in, xi. 131 _sq._

Suzees of Sierra Leone, kings among the, iii. 18

_Svayamvara_, ancient Indian mode of determining a husband, ii. 306

Swabia, homoeopathic magic at sowing in, i. 138;
stones tied to fruit-trees in, i. 140;
the Harvest-May in, ii. 48;
May-trees in, ii. 68;
church bells rung on Midsummer morning in, to drive away witches, ii.
127;
disposal of cut hair in, iii. 276;
Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 207;
Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies in, iv. 230, 233;
the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 136;
Altisheim in, vii. 136;
the Oats-goat at harvest in, vii. 282;
Gablingen in, vii. 282;
last standing corn called the Cow in, vii. 289;
the Cow at threshing in, vii. 290;
Obermedlingen in, vii. 290;
the thresher of the last corn called the Sow in, vii. 298 _sq._;
Friedingen in, vii. 298;
Onstmettingen in, vii. 299;
the “Twelve Lot Days” in, ix. 322;
“burning the witch” on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 116;
custom of throwing lighted discs on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 116
_sq._;
Easter fires in, x. 144 _sq._;
custom at eclipses in, x. 162 _n._;
the Midsummer fires in, x. 166 _sq._;
witches as hares and horses in, x. 318 _sq._;
the divining-rod in, xi. 68 _n._ 4;
fern-seed brought by Satan on Christmas night in, xi. 289

Swabian custom as to child’s teething, i. 180

—— story of soul in form of mouse, iii. 39 _n._ 1

Swahili of East Africa, their New Year’s Day, ix. 226 _n._ 1;
their ceremony of the new fire, x. 140;
birth-trees among the, xi. 160 _sq._;
their story of an African Samson, xi. 314

Swahili charm by means of knotted cords, iii. 305 _sq._

Swallow, wooden effigy of, carried about the streets on the first of
March, viii. 322 _n._

Swallow dance among the Kobeua and Kaua Indians of Brazil, ix. 381

—— Song, the Greek, viii. 322 _n._

Swallowing of souls by shamans, iii. 76 _sq._

Swallows as scapegoats, ix. 35;
stones found in stomachs of, x. 17

Swami Bhaskaranandaji Saraswati, Hindoo gentleman worshipped as a god, i.
404

Swan, J. G., on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western America,
ix. 376 _sq._

Swan, guardian spirit of a woman as a, i. 200

Swan-woman, Tartar story of the, xi. 144

Swan’s bone, used by menstruous women to drink out of, x. 48, 49, 50, 90,
92

Swans, transmigration of bad poets into, viii. 308

Swans’ song in a fairy tale, xi. 124

Swanton, J. R., on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Haida
Indians, x. 45 _n._ 1

_Swastika_, carved on Hittite monument at Ibreez, v. 122 _n._ 1

Swazieland, knots as charms in, iii. 305

Swazies, the, of South-Eastern Africa, their rain-making, i. 249;
their king a rain-maker, i. 350 _sq._

Swearing on stones, i. 160 _sq._

Sweat, contagious magic of, i. 206, 213;
of famous warriors drunk, viii. 152

Sweating as a purification, iii. 142, 156, 184

Sweden, guardian-trees in, ii. 58;
birch-twigs on the eve of May Day in, ii. 64 _sq._;
bonfires and May-poles at Midsummer in, ii. 65;
Midsummer Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92, v. 251;
cattle crowned in spring in, ii. 127 _n._ 2;
Frey and his priestess in, ii. 143 _sq._;
customs observed in, at turning out the cattle to graze for the first
time in spring, ii. 341 _sq._;
oaks and pines in the peat-bogs of, ii. 352;
dramatic contest between Winter and Summer on May Day in, iv. 254;
Maypole or Midsummer-tree in, v. 250;
kings of, answerable for the fertility of the ground, vi. 220;
marriage custom in, to ensure the birth of a boy, vi. 262;
custom at threshing in, vii. 149, 230;
“Killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;
the Yule Boar in, vii. 300 _sqq._;
Christmas customs in, vii. 301 _sq._;
belief as to eating white snake in, viii. 146;
magpies’ eggs and young carried from house to house on May Day in, viii.
321 _n._ 3;
the Yule Goat in, viii. 327 _sq._;
heaps of stones or sticks to which passers-by add in, ix. 14;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15, 20 _sq._;
offerings at cairns in, ix. 27;
customs observed on Yule Night in, x. 20 _sq._;
Easter bonfires in, x. 146;
bonfires on the Eve of May Day in, x. 159, 336;
Midsummer fires in, x. 172;
the need-fire in, x. 280;
bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29;
“Midsummer Brooms” in, xi. 54;
the divining-rod in, xi. 69, 291;
mistletoe to be shot or knocked down with stones in, xi. 82;
mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83;
medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84;
mistletoe used as a protection against conflagration in, xi. 85, 293;
mistletoe cut at Midsummer in, xi. 86;
mystic properties ascribed to mistletoe on St. John’s Eve in, xi. 86;
Balder’s balefires in, xi. 87;
children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in,
xi. 170;
crawling through a hoop as a cure in, xi. 184;
superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, xi. 281

Swedes, the heathen, their mimicry of thunder, i. 248 _n._ 1;
sacrifice their kings in times of dearth, i. 366 _sq._

Swedish kings, traces of nine years’ reign of, iv. 57 _sq._

—— peasants stick leafy branches in corn-fields, ii. 47

—— popular belief that certain animals should not be called by their
proper names, iii. 397

Sweeping misfortune out of house with brooms, ix. 5

—— out the town, annual ceremony of, ix. 135

Sweet potatoes cultivated in Africa, vii. 117;
cultivated in South America, vii. 121;
cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;
cultivated in New Britain, vii. 123;
offering of, to the god of sweet potatoes among the Maoris, viii. 133

Sweethearts of St. John at Midsummer in Sardinia, ii. 92, v. 244 _sq._

Swelling and inflammation thought to be caused by eating out of sacred
vessels or by wearing sacred garments, iii. 4

Swiftness in running, charm to ensure, i. 155

Swim or sink, in divination, i. 196;
test used to determine a new incarnation, i. 413

Swine, herds of, in ancient Italy, ii. 354;
a tabooed word to fishermen, iii. 394, 395;
not eaten by people of Pessinus, v. 265;
not eaten by worshippers of Adonis, v. 265;
not allowed to enter Comana in Pontus, v. 265;
souls of the dead in, viii. 296

——, wild, their ravages in the corn, viii. 31 _sqq._
_See also_ Pigs

Swine’s flesh sacramentally eaten, viii. 20, 24;
not eaten by worshippers of Attis, viii. 22;
not eaten by Egyptian priests, viii. 24 _n._ 2
_See also_ Pig’s flesh _and_ Pork

Swineherds, their horns, ii. 354;
forbidden to enter Egyptian temples, viii. 24

Swing in the Sky, the Golden, description of the sun, iv. 279

Swinging, festival of, at Athens, i. 46 _n._ 1;
at ploughing rite in Siam, iv. 150, 151, 156 _sq._;
as a ceremony or magical rite, iv. 277 _sqq._;
on hooks run through the body, Indian custom, iv. 278 _sq._;
as a cure for sickness, iv. 279, 280 _sq._;
as a mode of inspiration, iv. 280;
images as a funeral rite, iv. 282;
as a ceremony of purification, iv. 282 _sq._;
as a festal rite in modern Greece, Spain, and Italy, iv. 283 _sq._;
for good crops, vii. 101, 103, 107

Swiss superstition as to knots in shrouds, iii. 310

Switzerland, the lake-dwellings of, ii. 353;
the Corn-goat, Oats-goat, and Rye-goat at harvest in, vii. 283;
the Wheat-cow, Corn-cow, Oats-cow, Corn-bull, etc., at harvest in, vii.
289, 291;
omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295;
weather forecasts in, ix. 323;
Lenten fires in, x. 118 _sq._;
new fire kindled by friction of wood in, x. 169 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 172;
the Yule log in, x. 249;
need-fire in, x. 279 _sq._, 336;
people warned against bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 27;
the belief in witchcraft in, xi. 42 _n._ 2;
divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 61

Sword, biting a, as a charm, i. 160;
girls married to a, v. 61

——, a magical, possessed by Fire King, ii. 5;
sacrifices offered to it, ii. 5

Sword-fish thanked for being killed by the Ainos, viii. 251

Swords to frighten evil spirits, i. 186;
used to ward off or expel demons, ix. 113, 118, 119, 120, 123, 203;
carried by mummers, ix. 245, 251

——, golden, iv. 75

Sycamore at doors on May Day, ii. 60;
effigy of Osiris placed on boughs of, vi. 88, 110;
sacred to Osiris, vi. 110

Sycamores worshipped in ancient Egypt, ii. 15;
sacred among the Gallas, ii. 34

Syene, held by a Roman garrison, iv. 144 _n._ 2;
inscriptions at, vi. 35 _n._ 1

Syleus, a Lydian, compelled passers-by to dig in his vineyard, vii. 257
_sq._;
killed by Hercules, vii. 258

Sylvan deities in classical art, ii. 45

Symbolism, coarse, of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 112, 113

Symmachus on the festival of the Great Mother, v. 298

Sympathetic magic, i. 51 _sqq._, iii. 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287, iv.
77, vii. 102, 139, viii. 33, 271, 311 _sq._, ix. 399;
its two branches, i. 54;
examples of, i. 55 _sqq._
_See also_ Magic

—— relation between cleft tree and person who has been passed through it,
xi. 170, 171 _n._ 1, 172;
between man and animal, xi. 272 _sq._

Sympathy, magical, between a man and severed portions of his person, i.
175, iii. 267 _sq._, 283

Synonyms adopted in order to avoid naming the dead, iii. 359 _sqq._;
in the Zulu language, iii. 377;
in the Maori language, iii. 381

Syntengs of Assam, iv. 55. _See_ Jaintias

Syracuse, funeral games in honour of Timoleon at, iv. 94;
the Blue Spring at, v. 213 _n._ 1

Syrakoi chose as king the man with the longest head, ii. 297

Syria, charm to make fruit-trees bear in, i. 140;
oak-tree worshipped in, ii. 16;
St. George in, ii. 346, v. 78, 79, 90;
belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424;
Adonis in, v. 13 _sqq._;
“holy men” in, v. 77 _sq._;
hot springs resorted to by childless women in, v. 213 _sqq._;
subject to earthquakes, v. 222 _n._ 1;
the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, v. 303;
turning money at the new moon in, vi. 149;
bones of sacrificial victim not broken in, viii. 258 _n._ 2;
precaution against caterpillars in, viii. 279;
stones piled on graves of robbers in, ix. 17;
practice of raising cairns near sacred places in, ix. 21;
Aphrodite and Adonis in, ix. 386;
restrictions on menstruous women in, x. 84

Syrian bridegroom must have no knots on his garments, iii. 300

—— custom of saluting the rising sun, ix. 416

—— god Hadad, v. 15

—— goddess at Hierapolis, hair offered to the, i. 29

—— mother, her vow, iii. 263

—— peasants believe that women can conceive without sexual intercourse, v.
91

—— witch, her procedure described by Lucian, iii. 270

—— women bathe in the Orontes to procure offspring, ii. 160;
resort to hot springs to obtain offspring, ii. 161, v. 213 _sqq._;
apply to saints for offspring, ii. 346, v. 78, 79, 90, 109

—— writer on the reasons for assigning Christmas to the twenty-fifth of
December, v. 304 _sq._

Syrians, their religious attitude to pigs, viii. 23;
esteemed fish sacred, viii. 26

Syrmia, the Yule log in, x. 262 _sq._

Syro-Macedonian calendar, iv. 116 _n._ 1, ix. 358 _n._ 1

Szagmanten, in Tilsit district, the last sheaf at harvest called the Old
Rye-woman at, vii. 232

Szis, the, of Upper Burma, the Father and Mother of the Paddy (unhusked
rice) among, vii. 203 _sq._

_Ta-cul-lies_, native name of the Carrier Indians, iii. 215 _n._ 2

Ta-ta-thi tribe of New South Wales, their mode of making rain by crystals,
i. 304

Tâ-uz (Tammuz), mourned by Syrian women in Harran, v. 230

Taanach, in Palestine, burial of children in jars at, v. 109 _n._ 1

Taara, the thunder-god of the Esthonians, ii. 367

Tabali, in South Nigeria, precaution as to the spittle of chiefs at, iii.
289

Tabari, Arab chronicler, his story how King Sapor took the city of Atrae,
x. 82 _sq._

Tabaristan, rain-producing cave in, i. 301

Table, leaping from, a charm to make crops grow high, i. 138, 139 _n._

Tablets of destiny wrested by Marduk from Ningu, iv. 110

Taboo, or negative magic, i. 111 _sqq._, 143;
of chiefs and kings in Tonga, iii. 133 _sq._;
of chiefs in New Zealand, iii. 134 _sqq._;
Esquimau theory of, iii. 210 _sqq._;
the meaning of, iii. 224;
conceived as a dangerous physical substance which needs to be insulated,
x. 6 _sq._

——, sanctity, and uncleanness, their equivalence in primitive thought,
iii. 285;
sanctity and uncleanness not differentiated in the notion of, viii. 23

Taboo rajah and chief, iii. 24 _sq._

Tabooed acts, iii. 101 _sqq._

—— hands, iii. 133, 134, 138, 140 _sqq._, 146 _sqq._, 158, 159 _n._, 174,
265

—— men at festival of wild mango in New Guinea, x. 7 _sq._

—— persons, iii. 131 _sqq._;
fed by others, iii. 133, 134 _n._ 1, 138, 138 _n._ 1, 139, 140, 141,
142, 147, 148 _n._ 1, 166, 167, 265;
secluded, iii. 165;
kept from contact with the ground, x. 2 _sqq._

—— things, iii. 224 _sqq._;
kept from contact with the ground, x. 7 _sqq._

—— village, viii. 122

—— women at festival of wild mango in New Guinea, x. 8

—— words, iii. 318 _sqq._

Taboos, homoeopathic, i. 116;
contagious, i. 117;
on food, i. 117 _sqq._, iii. 291 _sqq._;
laid on the parents of twins, i. 262, 263 _sq._, 266;
royal and priestly, iii. 1 _sqq._;
on intercourse with strangers, iii. 101 _sqq._;
on eating and drinking, iii. 116 _sqq._;
on showing the face, iii. 120 _sqq._;
on quitting the house, iii. 122 _sqq._;
on leaving food over, iii. 126 _sqq._;
on persons who have handled the dead, iii. 138 _sqq._;
on mourners, iii. 138 _sqq._;
on lads at initiation, iii. 141 _sq._, 156 _sq._;
on warriors, iii. 157 _sqq._;
on man-slayers, iii. 165 _sqq._;
on murderers, iii. 187 _sq._;
on hunters and fishers, iii. 190 _sqq._;
transformed into ethical precepts, iii. 214;
survivals of, in morality, iii. 218 _sq._;
as spiritual insulators, iii. 224;
on sharp weapons, iii. 237 _sqq._;
on blood, iii. 239 _sqq._;
relating to the head, iii. 252 _sqq._;
on hair, iii. 258 _sqq._;
on spittle, iii. 287 _sqq._;
on knots and rings, iii. 293 _sqq._;
on words, iii. 318 _sqq._, 392 _sqq._;
on personal names, iii. 318 _sqq._;
on names of relations, iii. 335 _sqq._;
on the names of the dead, iii. 349 _sqq._;
on names of kings and chiefs, iii. 374 _sqq._;
on names of supernatural beings, iii. 384 _sqq._;
on names of gods, iii. 387 _sqq._;
on common words, iii. 392 _sqq._;
on common words based on a fear of spirits or of animals supposed to be
endowed with human intelligence, iii. 416 _sqq._;
communal, vii. 109 _n._ 2;
agricultural, vii. 187;
relating to milk, viii. 83 _sq._;
regulating the lives of divine kings, x. 2

Taboos observed in fishing and hunting on the principle of sympathetic
magic, i. 113 _sqq._;
by children in the absence of their fathers, i. 116, 119, 122, 123, 127,
131;
by wives in the absence of their husbands, i. 116, 119, 120, 121, 122
_sqq._, 127 _sqq._;
by sisters in the absence of their brothers, i. 122, 123, 125, 127;
by parents of twins, i. 262, 263 _sq._, 266;
after house-building, ii. 40;
for the sake of the crops, ii. 98, 105 _sqq._;
by fathers of twins, ii. 102, iii. 239 _sq._;
by Brahman fire-priests, ii. 248;
by the Flamen Dialis, ii. 248, iii. 13 _sq._;
by herd-boys while watching the herds, ii. 331;
by the Mikado, iii. 3 _sq._;
by headmen in Assam, iii. 11;
by ancient kings of Ireland, iii. 11 _sq._;
by the Bodia or Bodio, iii. 15;
by sacred milkmen among the Todas, iii. 16 _sqq._;
by a priest in Celebes, iii. 129;
by mourners, iii. 235 _sq._;
by searchers for _lignum aloes_, iii. 404;
at the sowing festival among the Kayans, vii. 94, 187;
by enchanters of crops among the Kai, vii. 100;
at the sanctuary of Alectrona in Rhodes, viii. 45;
at the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46;
after the capture of a ground seal, walrus, or whale among the
Esquimaux, viii. 246;
by priest of Earth in Southern Nigeria, x. 4

Tabor, in Bohemia, custom of “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 237 _sq._

Tacitus, Germans in the time of, ii. 285;
on the sacred groves of the Germans, ii. 363 _n._ 6;
as to German observation of the moon, vi. 141;
on human sacrifices offered by the ancient Germans, xi. 28 _n._ 1;
on the goddess Nerthus, xi. 28 _n._ 1

Taenarum in Laconia, Poseidon worshipped at, v. 203 _n._ 2

Tagales of the Philippines, their excuse to tree-spirit for felling the
tree, ii. 36 _sq._

Tagalogs of the Philippines, their reverence for flowers and trees, ii. 18
_sq._

Tagbanuas of the Philippines, their custom of sending spirits of disease
away in little ships, ix. 189

Tahiti, seclusion of women after childbirth in, iii. 147;
kings and queens of, not to be touched, iii. 226;
sanctity of the head in, iii. 255 _sq._;
remarkable rule of succession in, iv. 190;
funeral custom to prevent return of ghost in, viii. 97;
offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 132;
transference of sins in, ix. 45 _sq._;
king and queen of, not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 3;
the fire-walk in, xi. 11.
_See also_ Tahitians

——, kings of, deified, i. 388;
abdicate on birth of a son, iii. 20;
their names not to be pronounced, iii. 381 _sq._

Tahitians buried their cut hair at temples, iii. 274;
burned or buried their shorn hair for fear of witchcraft, iii. 281;
their notions as to eclipses of the sun and moon, iv. 73 _n._ 2;
their belief in the action of spirits, ix. 80 _sq._;
the New Year of the, xi. 244

Tahuata, human god in the island of, i. 387 _n._ 1

Tai-chow, district of China, voluntary martyrdom of Buddhist monks in, iv.
42

Tâif, custom of polling the hair after a journey at, iii. 261

Taigonos Peninsula, the Koryaks of the, ix. 126

Tail of corn-spirit, vii. 268, 272, 300, viii. 10, 43;
of sacrificial horse cut off, viii. 42, 43.
_See also_ Tails

“Tail-money” given to herdsmen on St. George’s Day, ii. 331

Tailltenn, pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Tailltiu or Tailltin, in County Meath, now Teltown, the fair of, iv. 99,
101;
pagan cemetery at, iv. 101

Tailltiu, foster-mother of Lug, iv. 99

Tails of cats docked as a magical precaution, iii. 128 _sq._

Tails of cattle, fire tied to, in rain-charm, i. 302

Tain tribe of Dinkas, influence of rain-maker over the, iv. 32

Taiping rebellion, i. 414

Tajan, the Dyaks of, forbidden to mention the names of parents and
grandparents, iii. 340

—— and Landak, districts of Dutch Borneo, bride and bridegroom not allowed
to touch the earth among the Dyaks of, x. 5;
birth-trees among the Dyaks of, xi. 164

Tak, mountain in Tabaristan, rain-making cave on, i. 301

Takhas, the, worship the cobra, i. 383 _n._ 4;
on border of Cashmeer, inspired prophets among, i. 383

Takilis or Carrier Indians, succession to the soul among the, iv. 199.
_See_ Carrier Indians

Takitount, in Algeria, rain-making at, i. 250

Talaga Bodas, volcano in Java, sulphureous exhalations at, v. 204

Talaings, the, of Lower Burma, their customs as to the last sheaf at
rice-harvest, vii. 190 _sq._

Talbot, P. Amaury, on self-mutilation among the Ekoi, v. 271 _n._;
on external human souls in animals in West Africa, xi. 208 _n._ 1, 209
_n._ 1

_Talegi_, Motlav word for external soul, xi. 198

Taleins, the, of Burma, their worship of demons, ix. 96

Tales, wandering souls in popular, iii. 49 _sq._;
told as charms, vii. 102 _sqq._;
the resurrection of the body in popular, viii. 263 _sqq._;
of maidens forbidden to see the sun, x. 70 _sqq._;
the external soul in popular, xi. 95 _sqq._

_Tāli_ tied to bride, Hindoo marriage symbol, ii. 57 _n._ 4

Talismans possessed by the Fire King of Cambodia, ii. 5;
crowns and wreaths as, vi. 242 _sq._;
of cities, x. 83 _n._ 1
_See also_ Amulets

——, public, iii. 317 _n._ 1;
in antiquity, i. 365 _n._ 7

Talmud, the, on Purim, ix. 363;
on menstruous women, x. 83

Talos, a bronze man, perhaps identical with the Minotaur, iv. 74 _sq._

Tamanachiers, Indian tribe of the Orinoco, their story of the origin of
death, ix. 303

Tamanaks of the Orinoco, their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 61 _n._ 3

_Tamanawas_ or _tamanous_, guardian spirits, ix. 376 _n._ 3;
dramatic performances of myths, ix. 376, 377

_Tamaniu_, external soul in the Mota language, xi. 198 _sq._, 220

Tamara, island off New Guinea, belief in the transmigration of human souls
into pigs in, viii. 296

Tamarind married to a mango in India, ii. 25

Tamarind-trees sacred, ii. 42, 44, 46

Tamarisk, sacred to Osiris, vi. 110 _sq._;
Isfendiyar slain with a branch of a, x. 105

Tamarisk branches used to beat people ceremonially, ix. 263

_Tambaran_, demons, among the Melanesians of New Britain, ix. 82, 83

Tami, the, of German New Guinea, their theory of earthquakes, v. 198;
their rites of initiation, xi. 239 _sqq._

Tamil temples, dancing-girls in, v. 61

Tamirads, a family of diviners in Cyprus, v. 42

Tammuz or Adonis, v. 6 _sqq._;
in the East perhaps replaced by St. George, ii. 346;
the summer lamentations for, iv. 7;
his relation to Adonis, v. 6 _n._ 1;
his worship of Sumerian origin, v. 7 _sq._;
“true son of the deep water,” v. 8, 246;
laments for, v. 9 _sq._;
mourned for at Jerusalem, v. 11, 17, 20, ix. 400;
as a corn-spirit, v. 230;
his bones ground in a mill, v. 230, vii. 258;
perhaps represented by the mock king of the Sacaea, vii. 258 _sq._;
the lover of Ishtar, ix. 371, 373;
annual death and resurrection of, ix. 398.
_See also_ Adonis

—— and Ishtar, v. 8 _sq._, ix. 399, 406

Tammuz, a Babylonian month, v. 10 _n._ 1, 230, vii. 259

Tana (Tanna), one of the New Hebrides, contagious magic of clothes in, i.
206;
power of the disease-makers in, i. 341;
magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 _sq._;
dead ancestors worshipped as gods in, viii. 125;
first-fruits offered to ancestors in, viii. 125 _sq._

Tanala, the, of Madagascar, their custom at circumcision, iii. 227;
their mode of averting ill-luck from children, vii. 9;
believe that the souls of the dead transmigrate into animals, viii. 290

Tanaquil, the Queen, wife of Tarquin, story of the birth of Servius
Tullius in connexion with, ii. 195

Tanatoa, deified king of Raiatea, i. 387 _sq._

Tang dynasty of China, custom of marrying girls to the Yellow River under
the, ii. 152

Tanga Coast of East Africa, belief as to mischievous spirits of trees on
the, ii. 34

Tanganyika, Lake, Urua to the west of, i. 395;
human victims thrown into, ii. 158;
Winamwanga tribe to the south of, ii. 293, viii. 112;
the Awemba to the west of, vii. 115;
custom of carriers on the plateau between Lake Nyassa and, ix. 10;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the tribes of the plateau to the
west of, x. 24

—— plateau, custom as to the planting of bananas among the natives of the,
vii. 115

Tangier, the Barley Bride among the Berbers near, vii. 178

Tangkhuls of Manipur, licence before sowing among the, ii. 100

Tangkul Nagas of Assam, their annual festival of the dead, vi. 57 _sqq._;
their tug-of-war, ix. 177

Tani, a god in the Society Islands, first-fruits presented to, viii. 132
_sq._

Tanjore, dancing-girls at, v. 61;
the Rajah of, his sins transferred to Brahmans, ix. 44

Tanner, John, and the Shawnee sage, xi. 157

Tanneteya, in Celebes (?), vii. 196 _n._

Tano, a fetish, on the Ivory Coast, viii. 287

Tanoe, River, on the Ivory Coast, viii. 287

_Tantad_, Midsummer bonfire, in Lower Brittany, x. 183

Tantalus, king of Sipylus, ancestor of the Pelopidae, ii. 279;
murders his son Pelops, v. 181

Taoism, religious head of, i. 413 _sqq._;
defined as “exorcising polytheism,” ix. 99

Taoist treatise on the soul, xi. 221

Tapajos, tributary of the Amazon, the Mauhes on the, x. 62

Taphos besieged by Amphitryo, xi. 103

Tapia, a malignant ghost in San Cristoval, iii. 56

Tapio, woodland god in Finland, ii. 124

Tapir, custom of Indians after killing a, viii. 236

Tapirs, souls of dead in, viii. 285

Tapping a palm-tree for wine in Java, ceremony at, ii. 100 _sq._

Tapuiyas, the, of Brazil, worshipped the Pleiades, vii. 309

Tar as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 53;
to keep out ghosts and witches, ix. 153 _n._ 1
_See also_ Pitch

Tar-barrels burnt at Up-helly-a’, in Lerwick, ix. 169;
burning, swung round pole at Midsummer, x. 169;
burnt at Midsummer among the Esthonians, x. 180;
burnt on Hogmanay at Burghead, x. 266 _sq._;
procession with lighted, on Christmas Eve in Lerwick, x. 268

Tara, the capital of ancient Ireland, the sun not to rise on the king of
Ireland in his bed at, iii. 11;
no king with a personal blemish allowed to reign over Ireland at, iv.
39;
pagan cemetery at, iv. 101;
new fire kindled in spring in the King’s house at, x. 158

Tarahumares of Mexico, their charm to secure victory in race, i. 150;
their homoeopathic charm to make them fleet of foot, i. 155;
their rain-making by making smoke, i. 249;
their rain-charm by dipping a plough in water, i. 284;
their worship of water-serpents, ii. 156 _sq._;
their belief as to shooting stars, iv. 62;
ceremonies performed by them at hoeing, ploughing, and harvest, vii. 227
_sq._;
sacrifice to the Master of Fish, viii. 252;
their custom of adding sticks or stones to heaps, ix. 10;
their dances for the crops, ix. 236 _sqq._

Tarascon, the dragon of, ii. 170 _n._ 1

Tarashchansk district of Russia, rain-making in the, i. 285

Tarbolton, in Ayrshire, annual bonfire at, x. 207

Tari Pennu, Earth Goddess of the Khonds, human sacrifices offered to her
for the crops, vii. 245

Tarianas, the, of the Amazon, their custom of drinking the ashes of the
dead, viii. 157

Tarija, in Bolivia, Earth-mothers at, vii. 173 _n._

Tark, Tarku, Trok, Troku, syllables in names of Cilician priests, v. 144;
perhaps the name of a Hittite deity, v. 147;
perhaps the name of the god of Olba, v. 148, 165

Tarkimos, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Tarkondimotos, name of two Cilician kings, v. 145 _n._ 2

Tarkuaris, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145;
priestly king of Olba, v. 145

Tarkudimme or Tarkuwassimi, name on Hittite seal, v. 145 _n._ 2

Tarkumbios, priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 145

Tarnow, district of Galicia, wreath made out of last sheaf called the
Wheat-mother, Rye-mother, or Pea-mother in, vii. 135

Taro, magical stones to promote the growth of, i. 162;
charms for growth of, vii. 100, 102

Taro plants beaten to make them grow, ix. 264

Tarquin the Elder, husband of Tanaquil, ii. 195;
succeeded by his son-in-law, ii. 270;
his sons, ii. 270 _n._ 3;
his descent, ii. 270 _n._ 6;
murdered, ii. 320

Tarquin the Proud, sacred precinct on the Alban Mount dedicated by, ii.
187;
uncle of L. Junius Brutus, ii. 290;
his attempt to shift the line of descent of the Roman kingship, ii. 291
_sq._

Tarquitius Priscus, on unlucky trees, iii. 275 _n._ 3

Tarsus in Cilicia, climate and fertility of, v. 118;
school of philosophy at, v. 118;
Sandan and Baal at, v. 142 _sq._, 161;
priesthood of Hercules at, v. 143;
Fortune of the City on coins of, v. 164;
divine triad at, v. 171

——, the Baal of, v. 117 _sqq._, 162 _sq._

——, coins of, representing Sandan on the pyre, ix. 388 _n._ 2

——, Sandan of, v. 124 _sqq._, ix. 388, 389, 391, 392

Tartar Khan, ceremony at visiting a, iii. 114

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 142 _sq._, 144 _sq._

Tartars, their belief in living Buddhas incarnate in Grand Lamas, i. 410
_sq._;
divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 _n._ 4;
do not break bones of the animals they eat, viii. 258 _n._ 2;
after a funeral leap over fire, xi. 18

—— of the Middle Ages, names of the dead not uttered till the third
generation among the, iii. 370

Tasmania, the aborigines of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353

Tasmanians carried fire about with them, ii. 257 _sq._;
seem to have changed common words after a death, iii. 364 _n._ 1

_Tat_ or _tatu_ pillar. _See_ Ded pillar

Tate, H. R., on serpent-worship among the Akikuyu, v. 85