Chapter XXXIII: Part 33

Sacrifices offered to ancestors, i. 286 _sq._, 290 _sq._;
offered to souls of ancestors, i. 339;
offered to regalia, i. 363, 365;
offered to king’s crown, i. 365;
offered to king’s sceptre, i. 365;
offered to king’s throne, i. 365;
to trees, i. 366;
offered to kings, i. 417;
offered to a sacred sword, ii. 5;
offered to trees, ii. 15, 16 _sq._, 19, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42,
44, 46, 47, 48;
offered on roofs of new houses, ii. 39;
at cutting down trees, ii. 44;
for rain, ii. 44, iv. 20;
to water-spirits, ii. 155 _sqq._;
to ghosts, iii. 56, 166;
to the dead, iii. 88, iv. 92, 93, 94, 95, 97;
at foundation of buildings, iii. 89 _sqq._;
to ancestral spirits, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 _sq._, 180, 181 _sq._, 183
_sq._, 190;
offered to souls of slain enemies, iii. 166;
for the sick, iv. 20, 25;
to totems, iv. 31;
of children among the Semites, iv. 166 _sqq._;
to earthquake god, v. 201, 202;
to volcanoes, v. 218 _sqq._;
to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to the gods, v. 316 _n._ 1;
offered at the rising of Sirius, vi. 36 _n._;
offered in connexion with irrigation, vi. 38 _sq._;
to dead kings, vi. 101, 162, 166 _sq._;
of animals to prolong the life of kings, vi. 221;
without shedding of blood, vi. 222 _n._ 2;
offered to nets, viii. 240 _n._ 1;
offered to wolves, viii. 284;
to a toad, viii. 291.
_See also_ Sacrifice

Sacrifices, human, offered to man-gods, i. 386, 387;
to trees, ii. 15, 17;
at laying foundations, iii. 90 _sq._;
in ancient Greece, iv. 161 _sqq._, ix. 253 _sqq._, 353 _sq._;
mock human, iv. 214 _sqq._;
offered at earthquakes, v. 201;
offered to Dionysus, vi. 98 _sq._;
at the graves of the kings of Uganda, vi. 168;
to dead kings, vi. 173;
to dead chiefs, vi. 191;
to prolong the life of kings, vi. 220 _sq._, 223 _sqq._;
for the crops, vii. 236 _sqq._;
at festivals of new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62, 63;
in Mexico, viii. 88, ix. 275 _sqq._;
of men and women as scapegoats, ix. 210 _sqq._, 217 _sq._;
their influence on cosmogonical theories, ix. 409 _sqq._;
of deified men, ix. 409;
at fire-festivals, x. 106;
traces of, x. 146, 148, 150 _sqq._, 186, xi. 31;
offered by the ancient Germans, xi. 28 _n._ 1;
among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32 _sq._;
the victims perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41 _sqq._;
W. Mannhardt’s theory of human sacrifices among the Celts, xi. 43

——, vicarious, iv. 117; in ancient Greece, iv. 166 _n._ 1

“Sacrificial fonts” in Sweden, x. 172 _n._ 2

—— King at Rome, i. 44, 46, ii. 2

—— victims carried round city, iii. 188;
the tongues of, cut out, viii. 270;
beating people with the skins of, ix. 265

_Sada_, _Saza_, Persian festival of fire at the winter solstice, x. 269

Sadana, rice-bridegroom in Java, vii. 200 _sq._

Saddle Island, Melanesia, superstition as to reflections in water in, iii.
93 _sq._

Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, v. 183

Saffron in charm to make the wind blow, i. 320;
at the Corycian cave, v. 154, 187

Saffron Walden, in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60

Sagaing district of Burma, tamarind-tree worshipped for rain in the, ii.
46

Sagami, in Japan, rain-making at, i. 305

Sagar in India, use of scapegoat at, ix. 190 _sq._

Sagard, Gabriel, on resurrections of the dead among the Indians of Canada,
iii. 366 _sq._;
on preachers to fish among the Hurons, viii. 250 _sq._

Sage, divination by sprigs of red, on Midsummer Eve, xi. 61 _n._ 4

Saghalien, the Ainos of, i. 114, viii. 180, 188;
opening everything to facilitate childbirth in, iii. 297;
the Gilyaks of, iii. 370, viii. 190 _n._ 1

Sagittarius, mistletoe cut when the sun is in the sign of, xi. 82

Sago, magic for the growth of, vi. 101

Sahagun, B. de, on old Mexican view of intoxication, iii. 249 _sq._;
on the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 29 _n._;
Franciscan monk, his work on the Indians of Mexico, vii. 175;
on the sacrifice of the human representative of Tezcatlipoca, ix. 276;
on the Mexican dances, ix. 280;
on the sacrifice of human victims to the fire-god in Mexico, ix. 301
_n._ 1;
on the treatment of witches and wizards among the Aztecs, xi. 159

Sahara, the Tuaregs of the, iii. 117, 122, 353

Saibai, island of Torres Strait, magical images to procure offspring in,
i. 72;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147, x. 40 _sq._

Sail Dharaich, Sollas, in North Uist, need-fire at, x. 294

Sailors at sea, special language employed by, iii. 413 _sqq._

“Saining,” a protection against spirits, ix. 168

St. Andrews, witch burned at, iii. 309

St. Angelo ill-treated in drought in Sicily, i. 300

St. Anthony’s fire treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 81 _sq._

St. Antony, wood of, x. 110

St. Barbara’s Day (the 4th of December), custom of putting rods in pickle
on, ix. 270

St. Brandon, church of, in Ireland, sick women pass through a window of
the, xi. 190

St. Bride, her Day (February 1st) in the Highlands of Scotland, ii. 94;
an old goddess of fertility, ii. 95;
at Kildare, ii. 242

St. Bridget, ii. 94 _sq._, 242.
_See_ St. Brigit

St. Brigit, holy fire and nuns of, at Kildare, ii. 240 _sqq._

St. Catherine’s Day (December 6th), festival of weasels on, viii. 275

St. Christopher, name given to Midsummer giant at Salisbury, xi. 38

St. Columb Kill, festival of, x. 241

St. Columba worshipped as an embodiment of Christ, i. 407;
on the oaks of Derry, ii. 242 _sq._

St. Columba’s tomb in Iona, i. 160

St. Corona, church of, at Koppenwal, holed stone in the, xi. 188 _sq._

St. Dasius, martyrdom of, at Durostorum, ii. 310 _n._ 1, ix. 308 _sqq._;
his tomb at Ancona, ii. 310 _n._ 1, ix. 310

Saint-Denis-des-Puits, the oak of, xi. 287 _n._ 1

St. Denys, his seven heads, vi. 12

Saint Donan, in Brittany, superstition as to the wren at, viii. 318

St. Eany’s well in the Aran Islands, women desirous of offspring pray at,
ii. 161

St. Edmund’s Day in November, Lord of Misrule elected at Merton College,
Oxford, on, ix. 332

St. Eloi, Bishop of Noyon, his denunciation of heathen practices, xi. 190

St. Estapin, festival of, on August the 6th, xi. 188

St. Eustorgius, church of, at Milan, ix. 331

St. Fillan’s well at Comrie, resorted to by women who wish to become
mothers, ii. 161

St. Flannan, chapel of, in the Flannan Islands, iii. 393

St. Francis of Paola, the giver of rain, i. 300, 301 _n._

St. Gall, the Canton of, the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283

St. Gens, his image used in rain-making, i. 307

St. George and the Dragon, ii. 163 _sq._, iv. 107;
and the Parilia, ii. 324 _sqq._, v. 308, 309;
patron saint of cattle, horses, and wolves, ii. 330, 332, 336, 337, 338;
chapel of, ii. 337;
represented by a living man on horseback, ii. 337;
as a spirit of trees or vegetation, ii. 343 _sq._;
as giver of offspring to women, ii. 344 _sqq._, v. 78, 79, 90;
in relation to serpents, ii. 344, 344 _n._ 4;
in Syria, ii. 346, v. 78;
perhaps the modern equivalent of Tammuz or Adonis, ii. 346;
Cappadocian saint and martyr, ii. 347;
swinging on the festival of, iv. 283

St. George’s Day (23rd April), fertilization of barren women by
fruit-trees on, ii. 56 _sq._, 344;
Green George on, ii. 75, 76, 79;
ceremony to fertilize the fields on, ii. 103;
cattle crowned on, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 _sq._,
339;
effigy of a dragon carried at Ragusaon, ii. 164 _n._ 1;
great popular festival of herdsmen and shepherds in Eastern Europe, ii.
330 _sqq._, x. 223 _n._ 2;
the power of witches thought to be at its greatest height on, ii. 336;
love charms on, ii. 345 _sq._;
among the South Slavs, ix. 54;
bells rung on, to make the grass grow, ix. 247

—— Eve, a time when witches steal milk from the cows, ii. 334 _sq._;
snake’s tongue cut on, viii. 270;
witches active on, ix. 158

St. Gervais, spring of, used in rain-making, i. 307

St. Guirec, in Brittany, his statue stuck with pins, ix. 70

St. Hippolytus, a resuscitation of the Greek Hippolytus, i. 21

St. Hitzibouzit, a Persian martyr, ix. 412 _n._ 2

St. Hubert blesses bullets with which to shoot witches, x. 315 _sq._

St. James, on faith and works, i. 223;
on pure religion, i. 224;
name of, bestowed by Peruvian Indians on one of twins, i. 266

St. James’s Day (July the 25th), the flower of chicory cut on, xi. 71

St. Jean, in the Jura, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 189

St. Jerome on the Celtic speech of the Galatians, ii. 126 _n._ 2, xi. 89
_n._ 2

St. Johann, in Salzburg, the _Perchten_ at, ix. 245

St. John blesses the flowers on Midsummer Eve, x. 171;
his hair looked for in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 _sq._, 190;
fires of, in France, x. 183, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193;
prayers to, at Midsummer, x. 210;
claims human victims on St. John’s Day (Midsummer Day), xi. 27, 29;
print of his head on St. John’s Eve, xi. 57;
oil of, found on oak leaves at Midsummer, xi. 83, 293

—— the Baptist, bathing on his day, i. 277;
his Midsummer festival, ii. 273;
his chapel at Athens, ix. 53;
associated by the Catholic Church with Midsummer Day, x. 160, 181

—— (the Evangelist), festival of, ix. 334

——, gossips of, in Sicily, v. 145, 251

——, the Knights of, x. 194;
Grand Master of the Order of, x. 211

——, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, ii. 92, v. 244 _sq._, 251

St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, v. 296

St. John’s blood found on St. John’s wort and other plants at Midsummer,
xi. 56, 57

—— College, Oxford, the Christmas candle at, x. 255

—— Day (Midsummer Day), barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22;
swinging on, iv. 157, 280;
or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, v. 246 _sqq._;
the Rush-cutter supposed to mow down the crops on, vii. 23;
in Abyssinia, ix. 133;
Midsummer fires on, x. 167 _sqq._, 171 _sqq._, 178, 179;
fire kindled by friction of wood on, x. 281;
fern-seed blooms on, xi. 287.
_See also_ Midsummer

St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve), in Sweden, ii. 65;
Russian ceremony on, iv. 262;
in Malta, x. 210 _sq._;
wonderful herbs gathered on, xi. 45 _sqq._;
sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 171

—— fires among the South Slavs, x. 178;
among the Esthonians, x. 180.
_See also_ Midsummer fires

—— flower at Midsummer, xi. 50;
gathered on St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve), xi. 57 _sq._

—— girdle, mugwort, xi. 59

—— herbs gathered at Midsummer, xi. 46 _sq._, 49;
a protection against evil spirits, xi. 49

—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, v. 244 _sq._

—— Night (Midsummer Eve), precautions against witches on, xi. 20 _n._

—— root (_Johanniswurzel_), the male fern, xi. 66

—— wort (_Hypericum perforatum_), gathered at Midsummer, v. 252 _sq._;
a protection against witchcraft, ix. 160;
garlands of, at Midsummer, x. 169 _n._ 3, 196;
gathered on St. John’s Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), xi. 49, 54
_sqq._;
a protection against thunder, witches, and evil spirits, xi. 54, 55, 74;
thrown into the Midsummer bonfires, xi. 55

St. Joseph ill-treated in drought in Sicily, i. 300;
feast of, ix. 297

St. Juan Capistrano, in California, ordeal of nettles and ants among the
Indians of, x. 64.
_See_ San Juan Capistrano

St. Julien, church of, at Ath, xi. 36

St. Just, in Cornwall, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 200

St. Kilda, not to be named in the Flannan Islands, iii. 393;
All Saints’ Day in, vi. 80;
beating man clad in a cow’s hide in, viii. 322, 323

St. Lawrence, the fire of, children thought to suffer from, if they touch
young wrens in the nest, viii. 318;
family of, their lives bound up with an old tree at Howth Castle, xi.
166

St. Leonard, patron of cattle, horses, and pigs, i. 7 _sq._;
blesses women with offspring, i. 8;
patron of prisoners, i. 8;
his shrines asylums, i. 8

Saint-Lô, the burning of Shrove Tuesday at, iv. 228 _sq._

St. Louis, gift of healing by touch said to be derived by French kings
from, i. 370

St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, souls of the dead thought to
return on that day, vi. 55

Saintes-Maries, Midsummer custom at, v. 248, x. 194

St. Martin invoked in Switzerland to disperse a mist, x. 280

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, v. 307 _n._

St. Mary, wells of, at Whitekirk and in the Isle of May, resorted to by
women who wish to become mothers, ii. 161;
_in Araceli_, the church of, at Rome, ii. 184

—— at Lübeck, church of, x. 100

——, Isle of, custom of whalers in the, viii. 235

St. Matthew’s Day (August 21st), festival of weasels on, viii. 275

St. Maughold, gives the veil to St. Bridget, ii. 95

St. Michael ill-treated in drought, i. 300

—— in Alaska, annual festival of the dead among the Esquimaux at, vi. 51;
bladder-festival of the Esquimaux at, viii. 249

St. Michael’s cake, made at Michaelmas in the Hebrides, x. 149, 154 _n._ 3

St. Neot’s, in Huntingdonshire, ii. 71 _n._ 1

St. Nicholas, patch of oats left at harvest for, vii. 233

St. Nicholas’s Day (the 6th of December), the election of the Boy Bishop
on, ix. 337, 338

St. Ninian, sacred trees near a chapel of, ii. 44

St. Nonnosius, relics of, in the cathedral of Freising, Bavaria, xi. 188
_sq._

St. Olaf’s Day (July 29th), lamb sacrificed by the Karels on, viii. 258
_n._ 2

St. Ouen, his church at Rouen, ii. 165;
early lives of, ii. 168

St. Patrick, canon attributed to, i. 367

—— and the Beltane fires, x. 157 _sq._

St. Patrick’s Chair, pilgrimage to, on Midsummer Eve, x. 205

—— Mount, near Downpatrick, x. 205

St. Paul, the Paulicians appeal to the authority of, i. 407;
on immortality, vii. 91

St. Paul’s, London, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

St. Peter, prayed to for rain, his image dipped in water, i. 307 _sq._

—— and St. Paul, celebration of their day in London, x. 196

St. Peter’s, Canterbury, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337

—— at Rome, new fire at Easter in, x. 125

—— Day (29th June), poplar burnt on, ii. 141;
the “Funeral of Kostroma” in Russia on, iv. 262;
bonfires in Belgium on, x. 194 _sq._;
bonfires at Eton on, x. 197;
fires in Scotland on, x. 207

St. Peter’s Day (22nd February), ashes exchanged as presents on, vii. 300;
expulsion of butterflies in Westphalia on, ix. 159 _n._ 1

—— Eve, bonfires on, x. 195, 198, 199 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in Ireland on, x. 202;
gathering herbs on, xi. 45 _n._ 1

St. Pierre d’Entremont, in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at,
ix. 183

St. Pons, his image used in rain-making, i. 307

St. Rochus’s Day, need-fire kindled on, x. 282

St. Romain and the dragon of Rouen, ii. 164 _sqq._;
the shrine (_fierte_) of, ii. 167, 168, 170 _n._ 1, ix. 216

St. Sécaire, Mass of, i. 232 _sq._

St. Simon and St. Jude’s Day (October 28th), the dead feasted among the
Letts on, vi. 74

St. Stephen, church of, at Beauvais, Festival of Fools in the, ix. 336

St. Stephen’s Day (December 26th), the hunting and burial of the wren on,
viii. 319 _sq._;
custom of beating young women on, ix. 270;
Lord of Misrule appointed in the Inner Temple on, ix. 333;
Festival of Fools on, ix. 334

St. Sylvester’s Day (New Year’s Eve), superstition as to shadows on, iii.
88;
precautions against witches on, ix. 164 _sq._

—— Eve, evil spirits driven out of the houses at Trieste on, ix. 165

St. Tecla, the falling sickness cured in her church at Llandegla in Wales,
ix. 52

St. Thomas’s Day (21st December), the Twelve Days counted from, in some
parts of Bavaria, ix. 327;
election of the Boy Bishop on, ix. 337 _n._ 1;
bonfires on, x. 266;
witches dreaded on, xi. 73

—— Eve, witches active on, ix. 160

—— Mount, near Madras, the fire-walk at, xi. 8 _n._ 1

St. Tredwels, chapel of, in one of the Orkney Islands, heap of stones to
which each comer adds at, ix. 29

Saint-Valery in Picardy, torches carried through the fields on the first
Sunday in Lent at, x. 113

St. Vitus, festival of, omens drawn from barley and wheat sown a few days
before the, v. 252

St. Vitus’s dance, supposed to be caused by demoniac possession or the
shadow of an enemy, iii. 83;
mistletoe a cure for, xi. 84

St. Vitus’s Day, “fire of heaven” kindled on, x. 335

St. Wolfgang, Falkenstein chapel of, cleft rock through which pilgrims
creep near, xi. 189

Saintonge, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69;
the Yule log in, x. 251 _n._ 1;
wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve in, xi. 45;
St. John’s wort in, xi. 55;
vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 _n._ 4;
four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63

—— and Aunis, burning the Carnival in, iv. 230;
Midsummer fires in, x. 192

Saints, violence done to images of saints in Sicily to procure rain, i.
300;
images of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 307 _sq._;
as the givers of children to women, v. 78 _sq._, 91, 109;
cairns near shrines of Mohammedan, ix. 21, 22

Sais, in Egypt, the festival of Osiris at, vi. 49 _sqq._;
the grave of Osiris at, vi. 50

Sakai, the, of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among, i. 360;
difference of dialect between husbands and wives among the, iii. 348

Sakalavas (Sakkalavas) of Madagascar, the worshipful sovereign of the, i.
397 _sq._;
their chiefs not allowed to sail the sea or cross rivers, iii. 10;
taboos observed by their chiefs, iii. 10 _sq._;
taboo on mentioning personal names among the, iii. 327;
customs as to names of dead kings among the, iii. 379 _sq._;
sanctity of relics of dead kings among the, iv. 202;
their worship of a black bull, viii. 40 _n._

Sakarang Dyaks of Borneo, their euphemisms for smallpox, iii. 416

Sakkalava. _See_ Sakalavas

Sakkara, in Egypt, pyramids at, vi. 4

Sakvarī song, ancient Indian hymn, supposed to embody the might of the
thunderbolt, i. 269 _sq._

_Sâl_ tree, festival of the flower of the, among the Oraons, ii. 76 _sq._,
148, v. 47

—— trees, sacred groves of, among the Khonds, ii. 41;
evil spirits of, among the Parahiya of Mirzapur, ii. 42

Salacia and Neptune, vi. 231, 233

_Salagrama_, fossil ammonite, an embodiment of Vishnu, ii. 26, 27 _n._ 2;
married to the tulasi plant, ii. 26 _sq._

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 _n._ 1, v. 145;
dynasty of Teucrids at, v. 145

Saldern, near Wolfenbuttel, the Corn-maiden at, at the end of reaping the
rye at, vii. 150

Sale, nominal, of children, to deceive dangerous spirits, vii. 8

Salee, in Morocco, Midsummer fires at, x. 214, 216

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, v. 17

Saleyer, island off Celebes, certain words tabooed to sailors of, iii. 413
_sq._

Salian Franks, custom as to the re-marriage of a widow among the, ii. 285

Salic law, re-marriage of widow under, ii. 285

Saligné, Commune de, Canton de Poiret, pretence of threshing the farmer’s
wife in, vii. 149 _sq._

Salih, a prophet, annual festival of Bedouins at his grave in the Sinaitic
Peninsula, iv. 97

Salii, the hymns of the, ii. 383 _n._ 4;
the dancing priests of Mars, ix. 231 _sqq._;
rule as to their election, vi. 244

Salisbury, May garlands at, ii. 62;
the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337, 338;
Midsummer giants at, xi. 37 _sq._

Salish or Flathead Indians, artificial deformation of the head among the,
ii. 298;
recovery of lost souls among the, iii. 66;
their sacrifice of their first-born children to the sun, iv. 184;
ceremonies observed by them before eating the first wild berries or
roots of the season, viii. 80 _sq._

Salmon, twins thought to be, i. 263;
shamans responsible for supply of, i. 358;
taboos concerning, iii. 209;
resurrection of, viii. 250;
ceremonies at catching the first salmon of the season, viii. 253 _sq._,
255

Salmoneus, king of Elis, his mock thunder and lightning, i. 310, iv. 165;
personated Zeus, ii. 177;
killed by a thunderbolt, ii. 181

Salono, a Hindoo festival, v. 243 _n._ 1

Salop (Shropshire), fear of witchcraft in, x. 342 _n._ 4

Salsette, island near Bombay, use of iron as a talisman in, iii. 234, 236;
locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296

Salt, abstinence from, i. 124, 266, ii. 98, 105, 149, 248, viii. 75, 93;
burnt to disperse fog, i. 314;
as a charm, ii. 331;
not to be eaten, iii. 10, 167, 182, 184, 194, 195, 196, viii. 190, 195,
x. 19, 20, 60, 68, 69;
name of, tabooed, iii. 401;
the Mexican goddess of, ix. 278, 283;
used in a ceremony after marriage, x. 25 _sq._;
abstinence from, associated with a rule of chastity, x. 26 _sqq._;
not to be handled by menstruous women, x. 81 _sq._, 84;
divination by, x. 244

Salt cake, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 238 _sq._

—— -makers worship the goddess of Salt, ix. 283;
their dance, ix. 284

—— -pans, the divinity of, incarnate in a woman, i. 410;
continence observed by workers in, iii. 200

Saluting the rising sun, a Syrian custom, ix. 416

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental
religions, v. 300

Salza district, ashes of pig’s bone mixed with seed-corn in the, vii. 300

Salzburg, processions round the fields on St. George’s Day in, ii. 344;
harvest custom in, vii. 146;
Queen of the Corn-ears in, vii. 146;
the _Perchten_ maskers in, ix. 240, 242 _sqq._

Salzwedel, Whitsuntide king at, ii. 84;
in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287

Samagitians, their sacred groves, ii. 43;
deemed birds and beasts of the woods sacred, ii. 125;
their annual festival of the dead, vi. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, Barrekub king of, v. 15 _sq._

Samarai Archipelago, off New Guinea, Logea in the, iii. 354.
_See_ Logea

Samarcand, homoeopathic charms applied to babies in, i. 157;
ceremonies to cause cold weather at, i. 329 _n._ 1;
New Year ceremony at, iv. 151;
temporary king at, iv. 151

Samaria captured by Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, iv. 169;
the fall of, v. 25

Samaveda, the, ancient Indian collection of hymns, i. 269

Samban tribe of Dyaks, their belief as to the influence of Rajah Brooke on
the crops, i. 362

Sambawa, East Indian island, human foundation-sacrifices in, iii. 91

Sambee, title signifying god, applied to the king of Loango, i. 396

_Sambucus ebulus_, dwarf elder, in rain-making, i. 273

Samhain, All Saints’ Day (November 1st), New Year’s Day in Ireland, x. 225

—— Eve of (Hallowe’en), new fire kindled in Ireland on, x. 139, 225;
Irish New Year dated from, x. 139, 225;
fiends and goblins let loose on, x. 226

_Samhanach_, Hallowe’en bogies, x. 227

_Samhnagan_, Hallowe’en fires, x. 230

_Sami_ wood (_Prosopis spicigera_), used by the fire-priests of the
Brahmans in kindling fire, ii. 248, 249, 250 _n._

Samland, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139;
“Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269;
fishermen will not go to sea on Midsummer Day in, xi. 26

Samnites, marriage custom of the, ii. 305;
guided by a bull, iv. 186 _n._ 4;
traced their origin to a “sacred spring,” iv. 186

Samoa, mode of determining a child’s guardian god in, i. 100 _n._ 1;
gods of, in animal and human form, i. 389;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood-royal in, i.
401 _n._ 3;
bleeding trees in, ii. 20;
the turtle clan in, their custom at cutting up a turtle, iii. 122;
persons who have handled the dead not allowed to touch food with their
hands in, iii. 140;
names of chiefs not to be pronounced in, iii. 382;
expiation for disrespect to a sacred animal in, iv. 216 _sq._;
circumcision practised in, iv. 220;
conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, v. 200;
butterfly god in, viii. 29;
the Wild Pigeon family in, viii. 29.
_See also_ Samoan _and_ Samoans

Samoan nobility, their perpetual fires, ii. 261

—— story of the recovery of a sick man’s soul, iii. 65;
of woman who was impregnated by the sun, x. 74 _sq._

Samoans, their sacrifices of first-fruits, viii. 132;
reckon their time by the periodic appearance of a sea-slug, ix. 142 _n._
1

Samon, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343

Samorin, title of the kings of Calicut, iv. 47 _sq._

Samos, sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera in, ii. 143 _n._ 1;
the month of Cronion in, ix. 351 _n._ 2

Samothrace, Cadmus in, iv. 89 _n._ 4

Samothracian mysteries, iv. 89

Samoyed shamans, their familiar spirits in boars, xi. 196 _sq._

—— story of the external soul, xi. 141 _sq._

—— women thought to pollute things by stepping over them, iii. 424

Samoyeds of Siberia reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
cut out the eyes of the wild reindeer which they kill, viii. 268

Sampson, Agnes, a Scotch witch, ix. 38

Samsi-Adad, king of Assyria, husband of Shammuramat (Semiramis), ix. 370
_n._ 1

Samson, his burning the crops of the Philistines, vii. 298 _n._;
effigy of, carried in procession of giants, xi. 36;
an African, xi. 314

Samuel, the prophet, consulted about asses, v. 75;
meaning of the name, v. 79

—— and Saul, v. 22

Samyas monastery near Lhasa, the King of the Years annually detained for
seven days in the, ix. 220

San Cristoval, in the Solomon Islands, ghosts supposed to imprison souls
in, iii. 56;
mode of sacrificing a pig in, iii. 247

San Juan Capistrano, in California, Spanish mission at, viii. 169, 171
_n._ 1

——, Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 142;
women’s work among the, vii. 125;
their calendar, vii. 125 _sq._;
ordeal of nettles and ants among the, x. 64

San Pellegrino, church of, at Ancona, the sarcophagus of St. Dasius in
the, ix. 310

San Salvador in West Africa, native belief as to the soul of the king of,
xi. 200

Sanctity, uncleanness, and taboo, their equivalence in primitive thought,
iii. 285

—— of the head, iii. 252 _sqq._;
of the corn, viii. 110

—— or pollution, their equivalence in primitive religion, iii. 145, 158,
224

—— and uncleanness not clearly differentiated in the primitive mind, x. 97
_sq._

Sanctuary of Balder on the Sogne fiord in Norway, x. 104

Sand, souls of ogres in a grain of, xi. 120

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, father-in-law of Ashurbanipal, v. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, father of Cinyras, v. 41

Sandal of Perseus, at Chemmis in Upper Egypt, iii. 312 _n._ 2

Sandan, legendary or mythical hero of Western Asia, v. 125 _sqq._, ix.
368, 388 _sqq._;
the burning of, v. 117 _sqq._;
identified by the Greeks with Hercules, v. 125, 143, 161, ix. 388;
said to have founded Tarsus, v. 126;
burnt in effigy on a pyre at Tarsus, v. 126, ix. 389;
monument of, at Tarsus, v. 126 _n._ 2;
his figure on coins of Tarsus, v. 127

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, v. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, v. 142 _sq._, 161

Sandanis the Lydian, dissuades Croesus from marching against the Persians,
ii. 315

Sanderval, O. de, on dances at sowing in West Africa, ix. 235

Sandes, identified with Hercules, ix. 389.
_See_ Sandan

Sandflies imitated by maskers, ix. 381

Sandhill, in Northumberland, Midsummer fires at, x. 198

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, v. 182, 184,
185;
a Cilician name, v. 182.
_See_ Sandan

Sandu’arri, a Cilician king, v. 144

Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), the king personated the god in the, i. 377;
precaution as to the spittle of chiefs in the, iii. 289;
belief in transmigration among natives of the, viii. 292 _sq._
_See also_ Hawaii

Sanga, in Angola, all fires extinguished at death of king of, ii. 262

Sangerhausen, Midsummer fires near, x. 169

Sangi group of islands in the East Indies, Siaoo in the, ii. 33, iii. 288,
iv. 218.
_See_ Siaoo

—— Islanders use a special language at sea, iii. 414

Sangro, river, in Italy, x. 210

Saning Sari, rice-goddess, among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra,
represented by certain stalks or grains of rice, vii. 191, 192

Sanitation improved through superstition, iii. 130

Sankara and the Grand Lama, iii. 78

Sankuru River, in the Belgian Congo, xi. 264

Santa Catalina Istlavacan, birth-names of the Indians of, xi. 214 _n._ 1

Santa Cruz, Melanesian island, wind-charm in, i. 321;
avoidance of relations by marriage in, iii. 344

—— and Reef Islands, the rain-doctor in the, i. 272

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, v. 205

Santa Maria Piedigrotta at Naples, church of, illuminated on the Nativity
of the Virgin, x. 221

Santals, their belief as to the absence of the soul in dreams, iii. 38;
swinging as a religious or magical rite among the, iv. 279

Santiago (St. James), name given by the Peruvian Indians to one of twins,
i. 266;
the horse of, i. 267

—— Tepehuacan, Indians of, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, planting,
and fishing, i. 143;
propitiate a tree before felling it, ii. 37;
recovery of child’s lost soul among the, iii. 67 _sq._;
their dread of noon, iii. 88;
their custom at sowing, v. 239;
their annual festival of the dead, vi. 55;
transfer sickness to a well, ix. 4;
their fast at sowing, ix. 347 _n._ 4

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, v. 195

Santos, J. dos, on custom of putting kings of Sofala to death, iv. 37
_sq._

Sâone-et-Loire, the last sheaf called the Fox in, vii. 296, 297

Saparoea, East Indian island, fishermen’s magic in, i. 109;
hunter’s magic in, i. 114;
treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187

Sapoodi Archipelago, the name Sapoodi tabooed to sailors at sea, iii. 414

Sapor, king of Persia, how he took the city of Atrae, x. 82 _sq._

Sappho, on the mourning for Adonis, v. 6 _n._ 2;
on Adonis and Linus, vii. 216

Saqqarah, ancient Egyptian relief from, ix. 260 _n._ 3

Saracus, last king of Assyria, v. 174

Saragacos Indians of Ecuador, their seclusion of women at childbirth, iii.
152

Sarah and Abraham, ii. 114

Sarajevo, need-fire near, x. 286

Sarawak, the Berawans of, i. 74;
taboos observed by women during the search for camphor in, i. 124 _sq._;
the Sea Dyaks of, i. 127, ix. 154;
the Dyaks of, i. 361, iii. 67, 339, iv. 277, vii. 314, viii. 152;
custom at making a clearing in the forest in, ii. 38 _sq._;
head-hunting in, v. 295 _sq._

_Sarcolobus narcoticus_, deceiving the spirit of the plant, ii. 23 _sq._

Sardan or Sandan, the burning of, at Nineveh, ix. 389 _sq._
_See_ Sandan

Sardanapalus, legendary Assyrian monarch, his monument at Tarsus, v. 126
_n._ 2;
his monument at Anchiale, v. 172;
his death on the pyre, v. 172 _sqq._, ix. 387;
confounded with Ashurbanipal, v. 173 _sq._, ix. 387 _sq._;
his effeminacy, vi. 257, ix. 387 _sq._;
perhaps personated by the king of the Sacaea, ix. 368, 387 _sq._;
his epitaph, ix. 388

—— and Hercules, v. 172 _sqq._

Sardes in Lydia, ix. 389, 391;
captured by Cyrus, v. 174;
lion carried round acropolis of, v. 184, vi. 249

Sardines worshipped by the Indians of Peru, viii. 250

Sardinia, Sweethearts of St. John at Midsummer in, ii. 92, v. 244 _sq._;
blood-revenge in, ii. 321;
gardens of Adonis in, v. 244 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, v. 245, x. 209

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, v. 243

Sariputi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of the rice offered to dead
ancestors at, viii. 123

Sarmata Islands, marriage of the Sun and Earth in the, ii. 98 _sq._

Sarmatian tribe moulded the heads of their children artificially, ii. 297

Sarn, valley of the, in Salzburg, the _Perchten_ maskers in the, ix. 245

Sarna, the sacred grove of the Oraons, ii. 76

Sarna Burhi, goddess of the sacred grove, among the Oraons, ii. 76 _sq._

Saron, ancient king of Troezen, perhaps a duplicate of Hippolytus, i. 26
_n._ 3

Saronic Gulf, Hippolytus on the shore of the, i. 19

Sarpedonian Artemis, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171

Sarum use, service-books of the, ix. 338

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, v. 201

Sassaks, the, of Lombok, their conception of the rice-spirit, vii. 201

Satan annually expelled by the Wotyaks, ix. 155 _sq._;
annually expelled by the Cheremiss, ix. 156;
preaches a sermon in the church of North Berwick, xi. 158;
brings fern-seed on Christmas night, xi. 289

_Satapatha Brâhmana_, on the consecration of the sacrificer, i. 380;
on the confession of sins, iii. 217;
on transubstantiation, viii. 89;
on the sun as Death, xi. 174 _n._ 1

Satirical poems, Arab curses conveyed in, iii. 312

Saturday, persons born on a, can see ghosts, iii. 89, x. 285

——, Easter, new fire on, x. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130

——, Holy, effigy of Queen of Lent beheaded on, iv. 244

Saturn, Roman god, his temple at Rome, i. 10 _sq._;
personified at the Saturnalia, ii. 310 _sq._;
the god of the seed, ii. 311;
his festival the Saturnalia, ii. 311, ix. 306 _sqq._;
perhaps personified by Roman kings, ii. 311, 322;
the husband of Ops, vi. 233;
the old Roman and Italian god of sowing, ix. 232, 306, 307 _n._ 1, 346;
(Cronus), sacrifice to, at Cyrene, ix. 253 _n._ 3;
man put to death in the character of, ix. 309;
dedication of the temple of, ix. 345 _n._ 1;
perhaps represented by a dynasty of sacred kings, ix. 386

—— and the Golden Age, ix. 306, 344, 386

—— and Jupiter, ii. 323

—— and Lua, vi. 233

——, the planet, malignant influence of, iii. 315;
its period of revolution round the sun, vi. 151 _sq._

Saturnalia, the Roman, ii. 310 _sqq._, ix. 306 _sqq._;
how celebrated by Roman soldiers on the Danube, ii. 310, ix. 308 _sq._;
Saturn personified at the, ii. 310 _sq._, ix. 309;
the festival of sowing, ii. 311 _sq._;
the King of the, ii. 311, ix. 308, 311, 312;
licence granted to slaves at, ii. 312, ix. 307 _sq._;
its relation to the Carnival, ix. 312, 345 _sqq._;
its relation to Lent, ix. 345 _sqq._

Saturnalia, licentious festival in general, at the marriage of Sun and
Earth in Leti, Sarmata, and other East Indian islands, ii. 99;
traces of, at May Day and Whitsuntide, ii. 272;
preceding the trial and execution of kings at Fazolglou on the Blue
Nile, iv. 16;
at ceremonies of the new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62 _sq._;
at ceremonies of new fruits among the Pondos, viii. 66 _sq._;
at New Year among the Iroquois, ix. 127;
at harvest among the Hos and Mundaris of North-Eastern India, ix. 136
_sq._;
such licentious festivals generally precede or follow an annual
expulsion of evils, ix. 225 _sq._;
modern European analogies in Twelfth Night, the Festival of Fools, the
Lord of Misrule, etc., ix. 312 _sqq._;
in ancient Greece, ix. 350 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, ix. 354 _sqq._;
wide prevalence of such festivals, ix. 407 _sqq._;
at celebration of puberty of a princess royal among the Zulus, x. 30
_sq._;
at New Year among the Swahili, x. 135;
traces of, at Christmas, xi. 291 _n._ 2

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, vi. 218

Satyrs in relation to goats, viii. 1 _sqq._

Saucers, divination by seven, on Midsummer Eve, x. 209

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, their fast before war, iii. 163
_n._ 2;
effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 255

Saul, burial of, v. 177 _n._ 4

—— and David, v. 21

Saul’s madness soothed by music, v. 53, 54

Savage, the, hidebound by custom, i. 217;
a slave to the spirits of his dead forefathers, i. 217;
his awe and dread of everything new, iii. 230;
our debt to, iii. 419 _sqq._;
not illogical, viii. 202;
his belief that animals have souls, viii. 204 _sqq._;
unable to discriminate clearly between animals and men, viii. 206
_sqq._, 310;
his faith in the immortality of animals, viii. 260 _sqq._;
observational powers of, ix. 326;
secretiveness of, xi. 224 _sq._;
his dread of sorcery, xi. 224 _sq._

Savage community, the, ruled by a council of elders, i. 216 _sq._

—— conception of deity different from ours, i. 375 _sq._

—— custom the product of definite reasoning, iii. 420 _n._ 1

Savage Island, contagions magic of footprints in, i. 208;
kings killed on account of dearth in, i. 354 _sq._;
cessation of monarchy in, iii. 17;
castaways and returned natives killed in, iii. 113;
mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 219 _sq._

—— philosophy, iii. 420 _sq._

Savagery, the rise of monarchy essential to the emergence of mankind from,
i. 217;
underlying civilization, i. 236

Savages believe themselves naturally immortal, iv. 1;
not to be judged by European standards, iv. 197 _sq._;
lament for the animals and plants which they eat, vi. 43 _sq._;
apologize to the animals which they kill, viii. 221 _sqq._;
their regulation of the calendar, ix. 326

Savile, Lord, his excavations at Nemi i. 3 _n._ 2

Saviour Gods, title bestowed by the Athenians on Demetrius Poliorcetes and
Antigonus, i. 390

Savo, one of the Solomon Islands, shark-ghost in, viii. 297

Savou, island of, treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 190;
dread of children who resemble their parents in, iv. 287 (288, in Second
Impression)

Sâwan, Indian month, v. 242;
corresponding to August, ii. 149

“Sawing the Old Woman,” a Lenten ceremony, iv. 240 _sqq._

Saws at Mid-Lent, iv. 241, 242

Saxe-Coburg, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139

Saxo Grammaticus, old Danish historian, x. 102 _n._ 1;
as to ceremony of standing on stones, i. 160;
on kingship obtained by marriage, ii. 280 _sq._;
on the story of Hamlet, ii. 281 _n._ 2;
on understanding the speech of animals, viii. 146;
his account of Balder, x. 103

Saxons, marriage with a stepmother among the, ii. 283;
their vow, iii. 262

—— of Transylvania, precautions against witches on St. George’s Eve among
the, ii. 337 _sq._;
loose knots and unlock locks at childbirth, iii. 294, 296;
the hanging of an effigy of Carnival among the, iv. 230 _sq._;
“Carrying out Death” among the, iv. 247 _sqq._;
their custom at maize harvest, iv. 254;
harvest custom of the, v. 238;
gird themselves with corn at reaping to prevent pains in the back, vii.
285;
their belief as to a quail in the last corn, vii. 295;
their customs at sowing, viii. 274 _sq._;
story of the external soul among the, xi. 116

Saxon cure for rupture, ix. 52

Saxon kings, their marriage with their step-mothers, iv. 193

—— story of soul as mouse, iii. 39 _n._ 1

Saxony, May or Whitsuntide trees in, ii. 68 _sq._;
the Bridal Pair at Whitsuntide in, ii. 91;
sacred oaks in, ii. 371;
Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208;
custom of “carrying out Death” in, iv. 236;
Westerhüsen in, vii. 134;
harvest customs in, vii. 134, 149;
the last sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 137;
Oats-bride and Oats-bridegroom at harvest in, vii. 163;
fires to burn the witches in, x. 160

——, Lower, the need-fire in, x. 272

——, the Wends of, ii. 69, vii. 149, xi. 297;
their precautions against witches, ix. 163

Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, v. 16;
on name of David, v. 19 _n._ 2

Sayids in India think that a snake should never be called by its proper
name, iii. 401 _sq._

_Scaloi_, Drought, effigy of, used by the Roumanians in a rain-making
ceremony, i. 274

Scamander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162

Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus, his bones used as talismans by the Turks,
viii. 154

Scandinavia, female descent of the kingship in, ii. 279 _sq._

Scandinavian custom of the Yule Boar, vii. 300 _sqq._;
of the Yule Goat, viii. 327

Scania, province of Sweden, Midsummer fires in, x. 172

Scapegoat, plantain-tree as a, ix. 5;
decked with women’s ornaments, ix. 192;
Jewish use of, ix. 210;
a material vehicle for the expulsion of evils, ix. 224

Scapegoats, he-goats employed as, among the Akikuyu, iii. 214 _sq._;
inanimate objects as, ix. 1 _sqq._;
animals as, ix. 31 _sqq._, 190 _sqq._, 208 _sqq._;
birds as, ix. 35 _sq._;
public, ix. 170 _sqq._;
divine animals as, ix. 216 _sq._, 226 _sq._;
divine men as, ix. 217 _sqq._, 226 _sq._;
in general, ix. 224 _sqq._

——, human, ix. 38 _sqq._, 194 _sqq._, 210 _sqq._;
in classical antiquity, ix. 229 _sqq._;
in ancient Greece, ix. 252 _sqq._;
beaten, ix. 252, 255;
stoned, ix. 253, 254;
cast into the sea, ix. 254 _sq._;
reason for beating the, ix. 256 _sq._

Scarification as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 105 _sqq._;
of warriors, iii. 160 _sq._;
of manslayer, iii. 180;
of bodies of whalers, iii. 191;
as a religious rite, viii. 75;
as a mode of conferring swiftness of foot, viii. 159;
of Zulu heaven-herds with heaven, viii. 160 _sq._

“Scaring away the devil” at Penzance on the Eve of May Day, ix. 163 _sq._

—— away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 168, 170, 171, 172, 174 _sq._

Scarlet thread in charm against witchcraft, ix. 267

_Scarli_, poplar-trees burnt on Shrove Tuesday in Piedmont, iv. 224 _n._ 1

Sceptre of Agamemnon worshipped as a god at Chaeronea, i. 365

Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, vi. 198 _n._ 1

Schaffhausen, the canton of, the cow at threshing in, vii. 291;
St. John’s three Midsummer victims at, xi. 27

Schar Mountains in Servia, “living fire” kindled in time of epidemics in
the, ii. 237;
the Slavs of the, ii. 238;
need-fire in the, x. 281

_Scharholz_, Midsummer log in Germany, xi. 92 _n._ 1

Schaumburg, Easter bonfires in, x. 142

Schechter, Dr. S., on Purim, ix. 364 _n._ 1

Scheil, Father, on Elamite inscriptions, ix. 367 _n._ 3

Scheroutz, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277

Scheube, B., on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 185 _sqq._

Schinz, Dr. H., on the huts of the Herero, ii. 213 _n._ 2;
on the firesticks of the Herero, ii. 218, 218 _n._ 1

Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, v. 238 _sq._

Schlegel, G., on Chinese festival of fire, xi. 5 _n._ 1

Schleswig, custom at threshing in, vii. 230;
custom at rape-seed threshing in, vii. 287

Schlich, W., on mistletoe, xi. 315 _sq._;
on _Loranthus europaeus_, xi. 317

Schlochau, district of, witches’ Sabbath in the, xi. 74

Schloss, Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in Colombia,
vi. 136 _n._ 4

Schlukenau, in Bohemia, “burying the Carnival” at, iv. 209

_Schmeckostern_, “Easter Smacks,” in Germany and Austria, ix. 268 _sq._

Schmidt, A., on Greek mode of reckoning intervals of time, iv. 59 _n._ 1;
on the octennial cycle, vii. 82 _n._ 2

Schmidt, W., on the superstitions of the Roumanians of Transylvania, ix.
107 _n._ 1

Schmiedel, Professor P., on the burning of Winter at Zurich, iv. 261 _n._
1

Schöllbronn in Baden, “thunder poles” at, x. 145

Schonen, Southern, the last sheaf called the Beggar in, vii. 231 _sq._

Schönthal, the abbot of, his fear of demons, ix. 105 _sq._

Schönwert, village of Bohemia, expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night at,
ix. 161

Schoolcraft, H. R., on the secrecy of personal names among the North
American Indians, iii. 325;
on North American Indian indifference to death, iv. 137 _sq._;
on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 _n._ 1;
on renewal of fire among the Iroquois, x. 134 _n._ 1

Schörzingen, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231

Schrader, O., on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 _n._

Schrenck, L. von, on the bear-festivals of the Gilyaks, viii. 191 _sqq._

Schürmann, C. W., on the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216
_sq._

Schüttarschen, in Bohemia, custom at threshing at, vii. 150;
the mythical Wood-woman at harvest at, vii. 232

Schuyler, E., on the “Love Chase” among the Kirghiz, ii. 301;
on a human scapegoat in Turkestan, ix. 45

_Schvannes_, bonfires, on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 111 _n._ 1

Schwalm, the river, in Hesse, “the Little Whitsuntide Man” at Röllshausen
on the, ii. 81

Schwaz, on the Inn, in the Tyrol, St. George’s Day at, ii. 343 _sq._;
the “grass-ringers” at, ix. 247

Schwegler, A., on Servius Tullius, ii. 196 _n._;
on the “sacred spring,” iv. 187 _n._ 4;
on the death of Romulus, vi. 98 _n._ 2

Schweina, in Thuringia, Christmas bonfire at, x. 265 _sq._

Schweinfurth, G., on the reverence of the Dinka for their cattle, viii. 37
_sq._

Schwenda, witches burnt at, x. 6

Science, the way for, paved by magic, i. 219;
generalizations of, inadequate to cover all particulars, viii. 37;
movement of thought from magic through religion to, xi. 304 _sq._;
and magic, different views of natural order postulated by the two, xi.
305 _sq._

Scipio, his fabulous birth, v. 81

Scira, an Athenian festival, x. 20 _n._ 1

Scirophorion, an Attic month, viii. 5 _n._ 1, 8 _n._ 1

Scirum, in Attica, Sacred Ploughing at, vii. 108 _n._ 4

Scissors in a charm to render a bridegroom impotent, iii. 301

“Scoring above the breath,” cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 _n._
2;
counter-spell to witchcraft, x. 343 _n._

Scorpion, Arab treatment of a man stung by a, iii. 95 _n._ 8

Scorpion’s bite, the pain of it transferred to an ass, ix. 49 _sq._

Scorpions, homoeopathic charm against, i. 153;
Isis and the, vi. 8;
a bronze image of a scorpion a charm against, viii. 280 _sq._;
image of bird with scorpion in its mouth a charm against, viii. 281;
souls of dead in, viii. 290

Scotch crannogs, oak timber in the, ii. 352

—— cure by knotted thread, iii. 304 _sq._

—— fishermen, their use of iron as a talisman, iii. 233;
their superstitions as to herring, viii. 252

—— fowlers and fishermen, words tabooed by, iii. 393 _sqq._

—— witch, ix. 38 _sq._

Scotland, magical images in, i. 68-70, 236;
witches raise winds in, i. 322;
notion as to whirlwinds in the Highlands of, i. 329;
magical virtues ascribed to chiefs in the Highlands of, i. 368;
the Highlanders of, their precautions against witchcraft, ii. 53;
St. Bride’s Day in the Highlands of, ii. 94;
fertilizing virtue ascribed to wells in, ii. 161;
new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 _n._ 2;
race on horseback at a marriage in, ii. 304;
oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 350 _sq._;
mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95;
fear of portraiture in, iii. 100;
need-fire in, iii. 229, x. 289 _sqq._;
iron as a talisman after a death in, iii. 236;
sickness thought to be caused by knots in, iii. 302;
common words tabooed in, iii. 392 _sqq._;
words tabooed by fishermen and others in, iii. 394 _sq._;
harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, v. 237, vii. 140
_sqq._;
the Highlanders of, sow in the moon’s increase, vi. 134;
the last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in, vii. 155 _sqq._;
custom of “dumping” at harvest in, vii. 226 _sq._;
corn left unreaped at harvest for “the aul’ man” in, vii. 233;
sayings as to the wren in, viii. 318;
custom of casting stones on cairns in the Highlands of, ix. 20;
cure for warts in, ix. 48;
witches burnt in, ix. 165;
Abbot of Unreason in, ix. 331;
sacred wells in, x. 12;
Celts called “thunder-bolts” in, x. 14 _sq._;
Snake Stones in, x. 15 _sq._, xi. 311;
worship of Grannus in, x. 112;
Beltane fires in, x. 146 _sqq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 206 _sq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 229, 234 _sqq._;
bonfires at Hallowe’en in the Highlands of, x. 230 _sqq._;
animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302;
“scoring above the breath,” a counter-charm for witchcraft in, x. 315
_n._ 2;
witches as hares in, x. 315 _n._ 1;
St. John’s wort in, xi. 54;
the divining-rod in, xi. 67.
_See also_ Highlands _and_ Highlanders

Scotland, North-East, precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 53

Scots pine, mistletoe on, xi. 315

Scott, Sir Walter, on witch at Stromness, i. 326;
on the fear of witchcraft, x. 343;
oaks planted by, xi. 166

Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, vi. 132, 134, 140;
their belief in bogies at Hallowe’en, x. 227;
their belief as to Snake Stones, xi. 311

Scourging the man-god before death, a mode of purification, ix. 257;
girls at puberty, x. 66 _sq._

Scourgings, mutual, of South American Indians, ix. 262

_Scouvion_, x. 108.
_See_ Escouvion

Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden, i. 254, x. 38, 39, 41,
42, 44, 47, 50, 53, 92;
as a magical rite to procure rain, i. 254 _sq._;
rules as to, iii. 146, 156, 158, 159 _n._, 160, 181, 183, 189, 196;
as a religious rite, viii. 75

Scrofula, kings thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 368 _sqq._;
chiefs of Tonga thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 371;
thought to be caused and cured by touching a sacred chief or king, iii.
133 _sq._, viii. 28;
vervain a cure for, xi. 62 _n._ 1;
creeping through an arch of vines as a cure for, xi. 180;
passage through a holed stone a cure for, xi. 187

Sculpin, the fish, called the rain-maker, i. 288

Scurrilities exchanged between vine-dressers and passers-by, vii. 258 _n._
1

Scurrilous language at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38

Scylla, daughter of Nisus, the story of her treachery, xi. 103

Scythe used to behead cock on harvest-field, vii. 277, 278

Scythes whetted by reapers as if to mow down strangers in the
harvest-field, vii. 229 _sq._;
and bill-hooks set out to cut witches as they fall from the clouds, x.
345 _sq._

Scythian kings, their regalia, i. 365;
human beings and horses sacrificed at their graves, v. 293;
married the wives of their predecessors, ix. 368 _n._ 1

Scythians put their kings in bonds in times of dearth, i. 354;
their oath by the king’s hearth, ii. 265;
their belief in immortality, v. 294;
their treatment of dead enemies, v. 294 _n._ 3;
set store on heads of enemies, vii. 256 _n._ 1;
revellers disguised as, ix. 355

Sdach Méac, title of annual temporary king of Cambodia, iv. 148

Sea, navel-string and afterbirth thrown into the, i. 184, 185, 190, 191;
chief supposed to rule the, i. 337;
virgins married to the jinnee of the, ii. 153 _sq._;
phosphorescence of the, ii. 154 _sq._;
prohibition to look upon the, iii. 9, 10;
horror of the, iii. 10;
offerings made to the, iii. 10;
names of priests thrown into the, iii. 382 _sq._;
special language employed by sailors at, iii. 413 _sqq._;
scapegoats cast into the, ix. 254 _sq._;
menstruous women not allowed to approach the, x. 79;
demands a human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

——, bathing in the, on St. John’s Day or Eve, v. 246, 248;
at Easter, x. 123;
at Midsummer, x. 208, 210, xi. 30

“—— of Erechtheus” on the Acropolis at Athens, iv. 87

Sea beasts, taboos observed by the Esquimaux in regard to the dead bodies
of, iii. 205 _sqq._;
Esquimau rules as to eating, viii. 84;
their bladders restored to the sea by the Esquimaux, viii. 247 _sqq._

—— Dyaks of Banting, rules observed by women during the absence of
warriors among the, i. 127 _sq._

—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, beat gongs in a storm, i. 328;
their worship of serpents, v. 83;
their festivals of the dead, vi. 58 _sq._;
effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 253, 256;
their Head-feast in honour of the war-god, ix. 383 _sq._

—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their sacred trees, ii. 40 _sq._;
their stories of the origin of omen birds, iv. 126, 127 _sq._;
their reasons for taking human heads, v. 295 _sq._;
their Festival of Departed Spirits, ix. 154

—— -eagle in homoeopathic magic, i. 152

—— -god, human sacrifice to, ix. 255

—— -mammals, Esquimau atonement for killing, iii. 207;
taboos observed by the Esquimaux after the killing of, iii. 207 _sqq._;
myth of their origin, iii. 207, viii. 246;
the goddess Sedna the mother of the, iii. 210

—— -slugs, ceremonies at the annual appearance of, in Fiji and Tumleo, ix.
141 _sqq._

Seal, descendants of the, in Sutherlandshire, xi. 131 _sq._ _See also_
Seals

Sealing up eyes, nose, and mouth of the dying to prevent the escape of the
soul, iii. 31

Seals, supposed influence of lying-in women on, iii. 152;
taboos observed after the killing of, iii. 207 _sq._, 209, 213;
supposed to have sprung from the severed fingers of the goddess Sedna,
iii. 207, viii. 246;
care taken of the bladders and bones of, viii. 247 _sqq._, 257;
the bones of, returned to the sea, viii. 258 _n._ 2

Sealskins in sympathy with the tides, i. 167

Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, vi. 24

Seasons, Athenian sacrifices to the, i. 310;
magical and religious theories of the, v. 3 _sq._

Seats placed for souls of dead at the Midsummer fires, x. 183, 184

Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, by the sky-goddess
Nut, v. 283 _n._ 3, vi. 6