Chapter XXII: Part 22

Hunters employ homoeopathic magic to ensure a catch, i. 109 _sqq._;
homoeopathic taboos observed by hunters, their relations, and friends,
i. 110 _sq._, 113, 114 _sqq._;
absent, thought to be affected by the conduct of their families at home,
i. 120 _sqq._;
absent, injured by the infidelity of wives at home, i. 123;
employ contagious magic of footprints, i. 211 _sq._;
chastity of, iii. 191 _sqq._;
use knots as charms, iii. 306;
words tabooed by, iii. 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410;
propitiation of wild animals by, viii. 204 _sqq._;
of grisly bears, chastity observed by, viii. 226;
exorcize the guardian spirits of wild animals, ix. 98;
avoid girls at puberty, x. 44, 46;
luck of, spoiled by menstruous women, x. 87, 89, 90, 91, 94

—— and fishers tabooed, iii. 190 _sqq._

Huntin, a tree-god of the Ewe people of the Slave Coast, ii. 15

Hunting and fishing, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 _sqq._;
telepathy in, i. 120 _sqq._

—— the wren, viii. 317 _sqq._

Hunting dogs crowned at Diana’s festival, i. 14, ii. 125, 126

—— stage of society, the, viii. 35, 37

Huntingdonshire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1

Huntsman, the Spectral, iv. 178

Huon Gulf in German New Guinea, the Bukaua of, vii. 103, xi. 239

Hupa Indians of California, seclusion of girls among the, x. 42

Hurling-matches for brides in Ireland, ii. 305 _sq._

Huron, Lake, Ojibway Indians in a storm on, viii. 219

Hurons, reincarnation among the, i. 105, iv. 199 _sq._, v. 91;
their burial of infants, i. 105, iv. 199, v. 91;
their way of annulling an ominous dream, i. 172 _sq._;
marry their fishing-nets to girls, ii. 147 _sq._;
their conception of the soul, iii. 27;
their custom of reviving the dead by bestowing their names on the
living, iii. 366 _sq._;
their Festival of the Dead, iii. 367;
their reason for not burning fish bones, viii. 250;
preachers to the fish among the, viii. 250 _sq._;
their way of expelling sickness, ix. 121;
custom of their women at menstruation, x. 88 _n._ 1

Husband, absent, thought to be injured by wife’s infidelity, i. 123, 124
_sq._;
charm to bring home a, i. 166.
_See also_ Husbands

—— and wife, the rice-spirit conceived as, vii. 201 _sqq._;
name given to two fire-sticks, viii. 65

Husband’s ghost kept from his widow, iii. 143

—— name not to be pronounced by his wife, iii. 333, 335, 336, 337, 338,
339

Husbandman, the Roman, his prayers to Mars, ix. 229

Husbands, spiritual, among the Akamba, fertility of wives thought to
depend on, ii. 316 _sq._

——, taboos observed by wives in the absence of their, i. 116, 119, 120,
121, 122 _sqq._, 127 _sqq._;
not to pronounce the names of their wives, iii. 337, 338, 339

—— and wives, difference of language between, iii. 347 _sq._

_Huskanaw_, initiatory ceremony of the Virginian Indians, xi. 266

Huss, John, his participation in the Festival of Fools, ix. 336 _n._ 1

Hut burnt at Midsummer, x. 215 _sq._
_See also_ Huts

Hut-urns of ancient Latins, ii. 201 _sq._

Hutchinson, W., his _History of Northumberland_ on the Harvest Queen, vii.
146;
on Midsummer fires, x. 197 _n._ 4

Huts, round, of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 _sqq._;
round, in Africa, ii. 227 _n._ 3;
miniature, at foot of trees which are haunted by spirits of the dead,
ii. 317;
special, occupied by tabooed persons, iii. 142, 144, 156, 165, 166, 169,
171, 175, 179, 190, 199, 202, 207, 220, 221, 225 _n._;
special, for menstruous women, iii. 146, x. 79, 82, 85 _sqq._;
special, occupied by women in childbed, iii. 147, 148, 149 _sq._, 150,
151 _sq._;
miniature, for ghosts, viii. 113

_Huttler_ or _Huddler_ in the Tyrol, ix. 248.
_See_ Huddler

Huzuls, the, of the Carpathians, hunter’s wife forbidden to spin among, i.
113;
their homoeopathic magic at planting and sowing, i. 137;
their precaution against the evil eye, i. 280;
their precautions against witches on St. George’s Eve, ii. 335 _sq._;
their belief as to shorn hair, iii. 270;
their use of wedding-rings as amulets, iii. 314 _sq._;
will not call bears, wolves, and serpents by their proper names, iii.
397 _sq._;
their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130;
their cure for water-brash, vi. 149 _sq._;
ascribe a special virtue to a horse’s head, viii. 43 _n._ 1;
their respect for weasels, viii. 275;
transfer cattle disease to black dog, ix. 32 _sq._;
kindle new fire at Christmas, x. 264;
gather simples on St. John’s Night, xi. 49

Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, v. 313;
his flower, v. 313 _sq._;
his tomb and festival, v. 314 _sq._;
an aboriginal deity, v. 315 _sq._;
his sister Polyboea, v. 316;
perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, v. 316 _sq._

Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, v. 314 _sq._

Hyacinthius, a Greek month, v. 315 _n._

Hyaenas, their supposed power over men’s shadows, iii. 82;
souls of the dead in, viii. 289;
men turned into, x. 313

Hyampolis in Phocis, worship of Artemis at, i. 7

Hybristica, an Argive festival, vi. 259 _n._ 3

Hyes Attes, cry of the worshippers of Attis, viii. 22

Hygieia, the goddess, v. 88 _n._ 1

Hyginus, on the death of Semiramis, ix. 407 _n._ 2

Hylae, near Magnesia, image of Apollo in sacred cave at, i. 386

Hymettus, Mount, altar of Showery Zeus on, ii. 360

Hymn of the Arval Brothers, ix. 230 _n._ 2, 238;
of the Cora Indians at sowing, ix. 238

_Hymn to Demeter_, Homeric, vii. 35 _sqq._, 70

Hymns to the deified Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 390 _sq._;
to Parjanya, ii. 368 _sq._;
to Tammuz, v. 9;
to the sun-god, vi. 123 _sq._

Hyperboreans, offerings of the, at Delos, i. 33

_Hypericum perforatum_, St. John’s wort, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 54
_sqq._
_See also_ St. John’s Wort

Hyperoche, a Hyperborean maiden, i. 34 _n._

_Hyphear_, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318

Hyria in Cilicia, Megassares king of, v. 41

Hyrrockin, a giantess in the legend of Balder, x. 102

Hysteria cured by beating, ix. 260

Ialysus in Rhodes, taboos observed at the sanctuary of Alectrona at, viii.
45

Iasion and Demeter, vii. 208

Ibadan in West Africa, the hearts of dead kings of, eaten by their
successors, iv. 203

Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings
and others, vi. 222

Ibans of Borneo, their _ngarong_ or secret helper, xi. 224 _n._ 1

—— or Sea Dyaks of Borneo, their worship of serpents, v. 83;
of Sarawak, their ways of getting rid of birds or vermin, viii. 279.
_See_ Sea Dyaks

Iberians of Spain, women tilled the ground among the, vii. 129

Ibn Batutah, Arab traveller, on a custom observed in the Maldive Islands,
ii. 153, 154;
on hereditary custom of suicide in Java, iii. 53 _sq._;
on funeral of emperor of China, v. 293 _sq._

Ibos of the lower Niger, their maintenance of fire, ii. 259;
think that a manslayer must taste his victim’s blood, viii. 155;
their belief in external human souls lodged in animals, xi. 203 _sq._

Ibrahim Pasha, at Jerusalem, x. 129

Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, v. 119 _sqq._;
village of, v. 120 _sq._;
Hittite sculptures at, v. 121 _sqq._

——, the god of, v. 119 _sqq._;
his horned cap, v. 164

Icarus or Icarius, father of Penelope, ii. 300

—— and his daughter Erigone, iv. 281 _sq._;
first-fruits of vintage offered to, iv. 283, viii. 133

Iceland, beliefs as to cauls in, i. 199 _sq._;
Brunhild, Queen of, ii. 306 _sq._;
stories of the external soul in, xi. 123 _sqq._

Ichneumon, transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299

Ichneumons worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 _sq._

Icolmkill, the hill of the fires in, x. 149

Ida, oracular cave of Zeus on Mount, iv. 70

Ida Batara, a god (Vishnu), vii. 202

Idah or Iddah, on the lower Niger, divinity claimed by the king of, i.
396;
custom as to royal family at, ii. 294;
treatment of dead leopard at, viii. 228

Idalium in Cyprus, Pygmalion, king of, v. 50;
bilingual inscription of, v. 49 _n._ 7;
Melcarth worshipped at, v. 117

Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, v. 300;
great religious, a product of the male imagination, vi. 211

Ideler, L., on the date of the introduction of the fixed Alexandrian year,
vi. 28 _n._ 1;
on the Sothic period, vi. 37 _n._;
on the quadriennial and biennial festivals, vii. 86;
on the Arab year before Mohammed, x. 217 _n._ 1

Identification with an animal as a homoeopathic charm, i. 155 _sq._;
of woman with corn, vii. 149 _sq._;
of persons with corn, vii. 252;
of girl with Maize Goddess, ix. 295

Ides of August, Diana’s day, i. 12 _n._ 2

_Idhlozi_, ancestral spirit in serpent form, among the Zulus, xi. 211

Idolatry of the Hebrews, iv. 168 _sqq._

Idols, nails knocked into, ix. 69 _sq._

Ife, in West Africa, the king of, sacrifices to his crown, i. 365

Igague, Lake of, in New Granada, mythical serpents in, ii. 156

Igaras of the Niger, succession to the kingship among the, ii. 294;
their propitiation of dead leopards, viii. 228

Igbiras, the, of the Niger, their offerings of first-fruits to the dead,
viii. 115

Igbodu, a sacred oracular grove of the Yourbas, ix. 212 _n._ 1

Igliwa, a Berber people of the Atlas, their tug-of-war, ix. 178

Iglulik, Esquimaux of, i. 121, 316, x. 134

Ignorance of paternity, primitive, v. 106 _sq._

Ignorrotes of Lepanto, in the Philippines their sacred trees, ii. 30

Igorrots of the Philippines believe that the souls of the dead are in
eels, viii. 292

Ihering, R. von, as to the “sacred spring” of the ancient Italians, iv.
187 _n._ 4

Ijebu tribe of Southern Nigeria, iv. 112

Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water
and the crops, vi. 39

Ilamatecutli, Mexican goddess, ix. 287;
woman sacrificed in the character of, ix. 287 _sq._

Ilex or holm-oak, iv. 81 _sq._
_See_ Holm-oak

Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, v. 292

Ill Luck embodied in an ascetic, ix. 41;
the casting away of, ix. 144

Illi, river in China, i. 298

Illicit love supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 _sqq._

Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, vi. 50 _sq._;
of graves on All Souls’ Day, vi. 72 _sq._, 74

Illyria, the Encheleans of, iv. 84

Ilmenau, witches burnt at, x. 6

Ilocans or Ilocanes of Luzon, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 142;
their custom as to children’s cast teeth, i. 179;
their fear of tree-spirits, ii. 18;
their recall of the soul, iii. 44

Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the
dead, v. 99

Iluvans of Malabar, marriage custom of the, x. 5

Im Thurn, Sir E. F., on the secrecy of personal names among the Indians of
Guiana, iii. 324 _sq._;
on the belief in spirits among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78

Image of god made of dough and eaten sacramentally, viii. 86 _sqq._, 90
_sq._, 93 _sq._;
carried through fire, xi. 4;
reason for carrying over a fire, xi. 24

—— of snake carried about, viii. 316 _sq._

Images, Hebrew prohibition of, i. 87 _n._ 1;
of saints dipped in water as a rain-charm, i. 307;
used in recovery of lost souls, iii. 55, 59;
of gods masked and veiled during the king’s sickness, iii. 95 _n._ 8;
made to represent dead chiefs and supposed to be animated by their
souls, iv. 199;
of Osiris made of vegetable mould, vi. 85, 87, 90 _sq._, 91;
of ancestors, viii. 53;
of animals sacrificed instead of the animals, viii. 95 _n._ 2;
vicarious use of, viii. 96 _sqq._;
spirits of ancestors take up their abode in, viii. 123;
of gods, suggested origin of, viii. 173 _sq._;
of vermin made as a protection against them, viii. 280 _sq._;
stuck with nails, ix. 70 _n._ 1;
demons conjured into, ix. 171, 172, 173, 203;
colossal, filled with human victims and burnt, xi. 32 _sq._
_See also_ Effigies, Idols, Puppets

—— magical, to injure people, i. 55 _sqq._;
to procure offspring, i. 70-74;
to win love, i. 77

Imagination, death from, iii. 135 _sqq._

Imerina, in Madagascar, taboo on name of crocodile in, iii. 378

Imitation the basis of homoeopathic magic, i. 52

——, magical, of rain, i. 248 _sqq._;
of thunder and lightning in rain-making ceremonies, i. 248, 258, 309
_sq._;
of clouds in rain-making, i. 249, 256, 262, 275;
of ducks and frogs in rain-making, i. 255;
of rainbow in rain-charm, i. 288;
of spirits by maskers in Borneo, vii. 186

Imitative or homoeopathic magic, i. 52 _sqq._, iii. 295, vii. 262, viii.
267, 331, 334, ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 329, xi. 231

Immestar in Syria, alleged Jewish mockery of Christ at, ix. 394

Immortality attained by sacrifice, i. 373 _n._ 1;
belief of savages in their natural, iv. 1;
firm belief of the North American Indians in, iv. 137;
Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._, 90 _sq._, 114, 159;
hope of, associated with Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 90 _sq._;
human, in relation to the immortality of animals, viii. 260 _sqq._;
how men lost the boon of, ix. 302 _sqq._;
the burdensome gift of, x. 99 _sq._

Immortality of animals, savage faith in the, viii. 260 _sqq._

—— of the soul revealed in mysteries of Dionysus, vii. 15;
attempted experimental demonstration of the, xi. 276

Immortelles, wreaths of, on Midsummer Day, x. 177

Immutability of natural laws, i. 224

Impalement inflicted by the Assyrians, iv. 114 _n._ 1;
as form of sacrifice, vii. 239

_Impatiens sp._, touch-me-not, bundle of, representative of the Indian
goddess Gauri, ii. 77

Impersonal forces, idea of the world as a system of, not primitive, i. 374

Implements, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14 _sq._

Impotence caused by magic of the dead, i. 150;
homoeopathic cure of, i. 158 _sq._

Impregnation by the souls of the dying iv. 199;
without sexual intercourse belief in, v. 96 _sqq._

—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, vi. 8, 20

“—— rite” at Hindoo marriages, x. 75

—— of women by fire, ii. 195 _sqq._, 230 _sqq._, 234, vi. 235;
by serpents, v. 80 _sqq._;
by the dead, v. 91;
by ghosts, v. 93, ix. 18;
by the flower of the banana, v. 93;
through eating food, v. 96, 102, 103, 104, 105;
by the sun, x. 74 _sq._;
by the moon, x. 75 _sq._
_See also_ Conception

Impressions effaced from superstitious motives, i. 213 _sq._;
on the senses regarded by savages as the work of spirits, ix. 72

——, bodily, contagious magic of, i. 213 _sq._

Impurity of manslayers, iii. 167.
_See_ Uncleanness

_Inachi_, an offering of first-fruits, in Tonga, viii. 128, 131

Inanimate things, homoeopathic magic of, i. 157 _sqq._;
transference of evil to, ix. 1 _sqq._

_Inao_, sacred whittled sticks of the Aino, viii. 185, 186 _n._, 189, ix.
261

Inari, Japanese rice-god, vii. 297

Inauguration of a king in ancient India, ix. 263;
in Brahmanic ritual, x. 4

Inca, fast of the future, x. 19

Incantation recited at kindling need-fire, x. 290

Incantations for growth of crops, vii. 100;
employed in arts and crafts, ix. 81.
_See_ Spells

Incarnate human gods, i. 373 _sqq._, ii. 377 _sqq._

Incarnation of gods in human form temporary or permanent, i. 376;
examples of temporary incarnation, i. 376 _sqq._;
examples of permanent incarnation, i. 386 _sqq._;
mystery of, i. 396 _n._ 5;
of divine spirit in Shilluk kings, iv. 21, 26 _sq._

Incarnations of Buddha in the Grand Lamas, i. 410 _sq._

Incas of Peru, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 196;
claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 _n._ 3;
the children of the Sun, i. 415, ii. 243, iii. 279;
venerated the Pleiades, vii. 310;
their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 128 _sqq._;
their ceremony of the new fire, x. 132

Incense, fumes of, inhaled to produce inspiration, i. 379, 384;
offered to sacred oak, ii. 16;
fumigation with, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 336;
used in exorcism, iii. 102;
burnt at the rites of Adonis, v. 228;
burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, v. 228;
collected by a flail, vi. 109 _n._ 1;
burnt as a protection against witches, ix. 158, 159

Incense-gatherers, chastity of, ii. 106 _sq._

—— -tree thought to be protected by a spirit, ii. 112

Incest, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 108, 110 _sq._, 113, 115
_sqq._;
expiation for, ii. 110 _sq._, 115, 116, 129;
punished with death, ii. 110 _sq._;
of domestic animals abhorred by the Basoga, ii. 112 _sq._;
of animals employed as a rain-charm, ii. 113;
with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, v. 43 _sq._

Incisions made in bodies of warriors as a preparation for war, iii. 161;
in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180;
in bodies of slain, iii. 176.
_See also_ Cuts, Scarification

Inconsistency of common thought, v. 4

—— and vagueness of primitive thought, xi. 301 _sq._

Incontinence of young people supposed to be fatal to the king, iii. 6

Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, vi. 148 _sq._

Indecencies in the Eleusinian mysteries, the Festival of the
Threshing-floor, and the Thesmophoria, vii. 62 _sq._

Indem tribe, on the Cross River, believe that the souls of the dead pass
into trees, ii. 32

“Index of Superstitions,” x. 270

India, use of magical images in modern, i. 64 _sq._;
treatment of the placenta in, i. 194;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 209;
ascendency of sorcerers over gods in modern, i. 225;
rain-charm in, i. 282;
rain charms by means of frogs in, i. 293 _sqq._;
whirlwinds regarded as _bhuts_ in, i. 331 _n._ 2;
incarnate human gods in, i. 376, 402 _sqq._;
human gods of humble origin in, i. 376;
marriages of trees and shrubs in, ii. 25 _sq._;
marriage of human beings to trees in, ii. 57;
unlucky marriages in, ii. 57 _n._ 4;
certain wells thought to cure sterility of women in, ii. 160;
gold and silver as totems in, iii. 227 _n._;
iron as an amulet in, iii. 235 _sq._;
rings as amulets in, iii. 315;
names of animals tabooed in, iii. 401 _sqq._;
belief and custom as to meteors in, iv. 63;
natives of, comparatively indifferent to death, iv. 136;
sacrifice of first-born children in, iv. 180 _sq._;
images of Siva and Pârvati married in, iv. 265 _sq._;
hook-swinging in, iv. 278 _sq._;
swinging as a religious or magical rite in, iv. 278 _sqq._;
sacred women (dancing-girls) in, v. 61 _sqq._;
impregnation of women by stone serpents in, v. 81 _sq._;
burial of infants in, v. 93 _sq._;
gardens of Adonis in, v. 239 _sqq._;
eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, v. 271 _n._;
drinking moonlight as a medicine in, vi. 142;
the last sheaf of corn at harvest in, vii. 222, 234 _n._ 2;
human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 243 _sqq._;
ceremonies at eating the new rice in, viii. 55 _sq._;
offerings of first-fruits in, viii. 116 _sqq._;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
fear of demons in, ix. 89 _sqq._;
the use of animals as scapegoats in, ix. 190 _sqq._;
epidemics sent away in toy chariots in, ix. 193 _sq._;
origin of the drama in, ix. 384 _sq._;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 68 _sqq._;
fire-festivals in, xi. 1 _sqq._;
sixty years’ cycle in, xi. 77 _n._ 1;
torture of suspected witches in, xi. 159;
_Loranthus_ in, xi. 317

India, ancient, ceremony performed by persons supposed to have been dead
in, i. 75;
the magical nature of ritual in, i. 228;
rain-charms in, i. 289, 290;
fighting the wind in, i. 328;
magical power of kings in, i. 366;
maxim not to look at one’s reflection in water in, iii. 94;
magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 129;
sacrificial victims strangled in, iii. 247;
new king not allowed to shave his hair for a year in, iii. 260;
mourners cut their hair and nails in, iii. 285;
knots loosed at childbirth in, iii. 294;
doctrine of the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 298
_sq._;
king beaten at his inauguration in, ix. 263;
the Twelve Days in, ix. 324 _sq._;
the horse-sacrifice in, xi. 80 _n._ 3;
traditional cure of skin disease in, xi. 192

India, the Central Provinces of, sacred trees in, ii. 43;
belief as to man’s shadow in the, iii. 82 _sq._;
peacock worshipped among the Bhils of, viii. 29;
transference of sickness among the Korkus of, ix. 7;
expulsion of disease in the, ix. 190

——, the North-Western Provinces of, belief as to shadow of goat-sucker in,
iii. 82;
harvest custom in, vii. 222 _sq._;
arrest and imprisonment of deities in, ix. 61;
the tug-of-war in, ix. 181

——, Northern, coco-nuts sacred in, ii. 51;
the _emblica officinalis_ sacred in, ii. 51;
eyes of owl eaten in, viii. 144 _sq._;
Dravidian tribes of, ix. 259

——, South-Eastern, the Lhoosai of, ii. 48, vii. 122

——, Southern, the Kapu of, i. 284 _n._;
the Malas of, i. 294, viii. 93;
inspired devil-dancers in, i. 382;
the Kuruvikkarans of, i. 382;
the Vellalas of, ii. 57 _n._ 4;
the Todas of, iii. 15, 271;
the Adivi or forest Gollas of, iii. 149;
the Maravars of, iii. 234;
names of relations tabooed in, iii. 338;
the Canarese of, iii. 402;
kings formerly killed after a twelve years’ reign in, iv. 46 _sqq._;
law of retaliation among a robber caste of, iv. 141 _sq._;
the Malayans of, iv. 216;
sacrifice of finger-joints in, iv. 219;
the Coorgs of, viii. 55

——, Upper, transference of smallpox in, ix. 6

——, Vedic, consecration of the sacrificer of soma in, iii. 159 _n._

Indian Archipelago, division of agricultural work between men and women in
the, vii. 124;
head-hunting in the, vii. 256;
kinship of men with crocodiles in the, viii. 212;
expulsion of diseases in the, ix. 199;
birth-custom in the, xi. 155

—— ceremonies analogous to the rites of Adonis, v. 227

—— legend parallel to Balder myth, xi. 280

—— prophet, his objections to agriculture, v. 88 _sq._

—— rain-charm by means of an otter, i. 289

—— ritual, ancient, at felling a tree, ii. 20

—— stories of the transference of human souls, iii. 49

—— tribes of North-Western America, their masked dances, ix. 375 _sqq._

Indians of Arizona, mock human sacrifice among the, iv. 215

—— of Brazil, their attention to the moon more than to the sun, vi. 138
_n._
_See also_ Brazil

—— of British Columbia, their cannibal orgies, vii. 18 _sq._
_See also_ Columbia, British

—— of California, their annual festivals of the dead, vi. 52 _sq._
_See also_ California _and_ Californian Indians

—— of Canada, their ceremony of mitigating the cold of winter, iv. 259
_sq._

—— of Costa Rica, their customs in fasts, x. 20

—— of Granada seclude their future rulers, x. 19

—— of North America, their customs on the war-path, iii. 158 _sqq._;
their fear of naming the dead, iii. 351 _sqq._;
effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 254, 255 _sq._;
not allowed to sit on bare ground in war, x. 5;
seclusion of girls among the, x. 41 _sqq._;
imitate lightning by torches, x. 340 _n._ 1;
rites of initiation into religious associations among the, xi. 267
_sqq._
_See also_ North American Indians

—— of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125;
their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 142;
sacrifice the great buzzard, viii. 169 _sqq._;
their ordeal by stings of ants, x. 64

—— of South America, women’s agricultural work among the, vii. 119 _sqq._;
mutual scourgings among the, ix. 262.
_See also_ South American Indians

—— of tropical America represent the rain-god weeping, vi. 33 _n._ 3

—— of the Ucayali River in Peru, their greeting to the new moon, vi. 142.
_See also_ America _and_ American Indians

Indifference to death displayed by many races, iv. 136 _sqq._

—— to paternity of kings under female kinship, ii. 274 _sqq._

Indo-China, conventional names for common objects on certain occasions in,
iii. 404, 404 _n._ 3;
the Thay of, viii. 121;
worship of spirits in, ix. 97 _sq._

Indonesian ideas of rice-soul, vii. 181 _sq._;
treatment of the growing rice as a breeding woman, vii. 183 _sq._

Indra, great Indian god, viii. 120;
thunderbolt of, i. 269;
figure of, painted in ceremony for stopping rain, i. 296;
father of Gandharva-Sena, iv. 124;
sacrificial cake of first-fruits offered to, viii. 120;
creation of, ix. 410

—— and Apala, in the Rigveda, xi. 192

—— and the demon Namuci, Indian legend of, xi. 280

—— and the dragon Vrtra, iv. 106 _sq._

Indrapoera, the rajah of, related to crocodiles, viii. 211

Indrapoora, story of the daughter of a merchant of, xi. 147

Industrial evolution from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421

—— progress essential to intellectual progress, i. 218

Inersdorf, in Upper Bavaria, the Goat at threshing at, vii. 287

Infant, children whipt at death of an, ix. 261 _sq._

Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, v. 180.
_See also_ Infants, Child, _and_ Children

Infanticide among the Australian aborigines, iv. 187 _n._ 6;
sometimes suggested by a doctrine of transmigration or reincarnation of
human souls, iv. 188 _sq._;
prevalent in Polynesia, iv. 191, 196;
among savages, iv. 196 _sq._

Infants, burial of, so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 103 _sqq._, iv. 199,
v. 91, 93 _sqq._;
at Gezer, v. 108 _sq._;
burial of murdered, in the room where they were born, ix. 45

—— exposed to the attacks of demons, iii. 235, 323

—— tabooed, iii. 255, x. 5, 20

Infection, supposed dangerous, of lying-in women, iii. 147 _sqq._, 150
_sqq._

—— of death, i. 143

—— of feminine weakness, iii. 202 _sq._;
dreaded by savages, iii. 164 _sq._

Infectiousness of personal acts or states on principles of homoeopathic
magic, i. 142 _sq._, 147

Infertility, evil spirits of, ix. 250

Infidelity of wife thought to injure absent husband, i. 123, 124 _sq._,
128, 131, iii. 197

Influence of the sexes on vegetation, ii. 97 _sqq._;
of great men on the popular imagination, vi. 199;
of mother-kin on religion, vi. 202 _sqq._

Influenza expelled by scapegoat, ix. 191, 193

Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children,
v. 104

Ingiald, son of King Aunund, ate wolf’s heart, viii. 146

Ingleborough in Yorkshire, underground streams near, v. 152;
the need-fire near, x. 288

Ingleton in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x. 288

Ingniet or Ingiet, a secret society of New Britain, xi. 156

Inhaling smoke as means of inspiration, i. 383

Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, vi. 203 _n._ 1

Inishmurray, perpetual fire in the monastery of, ii. 241 _sq._

Initiation, teeth knocked out at, in Australia, i. 176;
custom of covering the mouth after, iii. 122;
taboos observed by novices at, iii. 141 _sq._, 156 _sq._;
new names given at, iii. 320, 383;
in the Eleusinian mysteries associated with the hope of immortality,
vii. 90 _sq._;
by spirits, ix. 375;
at puberty, pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life
again during, xi. 225 _sqq._;
of young men, bull-roarers sounded at the, xi. 227 _sqq._, 233 _sqq._
_See also_ Initiatory Ceremonies

—— in Africa, xi. 251 _sqq._

—— in Australia, xi. 227, 233 _sq._;
of a medicine-man in Australia, xi. 237 _sqq._

—— in Ceram, xi. 249 _sqq._

—— in Fiji, xi. 243 _sqq._;
apparently intended to introduce the novices to the worshipful spirits
of the dead, xi. 246

—— in German New Guinea, xi. 193

—— in Halmahera, xi. 248

—— in New Britain, xi. 246 _sq._

—— in New Guinea, xi. 239 _sqq._

—— in North America, xi. 266 _sqq._

—— in Rook, xi. 246

Initiatory ceremonies of Central Australian aborigines, i. 92 _sqq._;
of the Australian aborigines perhaps intended to ensure reincarnation
after death, i. 101, 106

—— rite, gashes cut in back of novice, vii. 106

Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of
children, v. 105

Injury to a man’s shadow conceived as an injury to the man, iii. 78 _sqq._

Inn, the lower valley of the river, the “Grass-ringers” in, ix. 247;
effigies burnt at Midsummer in, x. 172 _sq._

Innerste river of Central Germany, x. 124

Inning Goose, name for the harvest-supper, vii. 277 _n._ 3

Innocents, Bishop of, in France, ix. 334;
Festival of the, ix. 336 _sqq._

Innocents’ Day, young people beat each other on, ix. 270, 271;
mock pope or bishop on, ix. 336, 337, 338

Innovations, the savage distrust of, iii. 230 _sqq._

Innuits (Esquimaux), their belief as to venison and walrus, x. 13 _sq._
_See_ Esquimaux

Ino and Melicertes, iv. 161, 162

Inoculation as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 106 _sq._;
with moral and other virtues, viii. 158 _sqq._

Inquisition, the, i. 407;
commits the Brethren of the Free Spirit to the flames, i. 408 _sq._

Insanity, supposed cause of, iii. 83;
burying in an ant-hill as a cure for, x. 64

Inscription, in Etruscan letters, ii. 186;
in Phoenician and Greek, at Malta, v. 16;
bilingual, in Hittite and cuneiform, on a seal, v. 145 _n._ 2

——, Greek, in sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, iii. 227 _n._, 314
_n._ 3;
of Aurelia Aemilia at Tralles, v. 38;
at Paphos relating to Paphian Aphrodite, v. 43 _n._ 1;
relating to Olbian Zeus, v. 159;
relating to Megarsian Athena, v. 169 _n._ 3;
relating to first-fruits at Eleusis, vii. 55 _sq._;
great Eleusinian, of 329 B.C., vii. 61 _n._ 4;
relating to worship of Zeus at Magnesia, viii. 7

——, the Moabite stone, v. 15 _n._ 3, 20 _n._ 2, 163 _n._ 3

—— of Nebuchadnezzar, ix. 357 _n._ 3

——, Palmyrene, v. 162 _n._ 2

——, Phoenician, of King Yehaw-melech, v. 14;
of King Panammu, v. 16 _n._ 1;
of King Uri-milk or Adon-milk, v. 17 _n._ 1

——, the Rosetta stone, vi. 27, 151 _n._ 3

Inscriptions, Arabic, found in Sheba, iii. 125 _n._

——, Assyrian, relating to King Shamash-shumukin, v. 174 _n._ 1;
relating to Queen Shammuramat, v. 177 _n._ 1, ix. 370 _n._ 1

——, Attic (Athenian), relating to the Eleusinian games, vii. 71 _n._ 5, 79
_n._ 2

——, Egyptian, treaty with Hittites, v. 136;
Pyramid Texts, vi. 4

——, Elamite, ix. 367

——, Greek, relating to Zeus at Panamara in Caria, i. 29;
relating to kings of Mytilene, i. 45 _n._ 4;
relating to kings of Paphos, v. 42 _n._ 5;
at Olba with names of Teucer, v. 144 _n._ 3, 151;
relating to Corycian Zeus, v. 155;
relating to Kanyteldeis, v. 158;
relating to Hieropolis-Castabala, v. 168 _n._ 1;
at Mantinea, relating to Demeter and Persephone, vii. 46 _n._ 2;
relating to festivals at Eleusis, vii. 51 _n._ 1, 52, 61, 63 _n._ 2, 72
_n._

——, Hittite, v. 134, 135 _n._, 136, 185 _n._ 3

——, Latin, at Nemi and Aricia, i. 4 _n._, 19 _n._ 2;
relating to Flamens, i. 20 _n._ 3;
relating to Kings of the Sacred Rites, i. 44 _n._ 1;
relating to _fictores Vestalium_ and _fictores Pontificum_, i. 204;
relating to Dianus, i. 381 _n._ 1;
relating to Jupiter Dolichenus, v. 136 _n._ 2;
relating to _Dendrophori_, v. 266 _n._ 2;
relating to the _taurobolium_ or _tauropolium_, v. 275 _sq._, 275 _n._
1;
relating to the paternity of Jupiter, vi. 234

Insects, spirits of the dead thought to lodge in, i. 105, v. 95 _sq._, vi.
162, viii. 290;
homoeopathic magic of, i. 152;
charms to protect the fields against, viii. 275 _sq._, 279 _sq._, 281;
transmigration of sinners into, viii. 299

Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, v. 169 _sq._

Inspiration, i. 376 _sqq._;
shiverings and shakings as signs of, i. 377;
produced by intoxication, i. 378;
by incense, i. 379;
by blood, i. 381 _sqq._;
by sacred plant or tree, i. 383 _sqq._;
by smoke, i. 383 _sq._;
by snuffing up the savour of sacrifice, i. 383 _n._ 3;
of victims, i. 384 _sqq._;
primitive theory of, iii. 248;
insensibility to pain as sign of, v. 169 _sq._;
savage theory of, v. 299

——, prophetic, through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 201, vi.
171, 172, 192 _sq._;
under the influence of music, v. 52 _sq._, 54 _sq._, 74

Inspired or religious type of man-god, i. 244

—— men, in China, ix. 117;
walk through fire unharmed, xi. 5 _sq._

—— men and women in the Pelew Islands, vi. 207 _sq._

—— priests and priestesses, i. 377 _sqq._

Insulation of women at menstruation, x. 97

Intellectual progress dependent on economic progress, i. 218

Intercalary month in the Celtic calendar of Gaul, ix. 342 _sqq._

—— periods, customs and superstitions attaching to, ix. 328 _sq._;
deemed unlucky, ix. 339 _sqq._

—— periods of five days, ix. 339 _sqq._, 407 _n._ 1

Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, vi. 26, 27,
28, ix. 340 _sq._;
in the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 28 _n._ 3, ix. 339 _sq._;
in Greek calendar, vii. 81, 83;
rudimentary, to equate lunar and solar years, ix. 325 _sqq._

Intercourse of the sexes practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii.
98 _sqq._;
with wives enjoined before war, iii. 164 _n._ 1;
enjoined on manslayers, iii. 176;
between husbands and wives enjoined on various occasions among Bantu
tribes, viii. 70 _n._ 1
_See also_ Continence

Interlunar day, celebration of Sacred Marriages on the, iv. 73

Interpretation of the fire-festivals, x. 328 _sqq._, xi. 15 _sqq._

Interregnum on intercalary days, ix. 328 _sq._

_Interrex_, ii. 296

Intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning, iv. 59 _n._ 1

_Intichiuma_, magical totemic ceremonies in Central Australia, i. 85,
viii. 165 _n._ 2

Intoxicating liquors drunk to produce inspiration, i. 378

Intoxication accounted inspiration, iii. 248, 249, 250

_Inua_, a person’s shade, among the Esquimaux, iii. 96

_Inuas_, manlike shades or spirits of animals, among the Esquimaux, ix.
380, 381

Inuit. _See_ Esquimaux

_Inuus_, epithet applied to Faunus, vi. 234 _n._ 3

Inverness, the _corp chre_ in, i. 69

Inverness-shire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162;
Beltane cakes in, x. 153

Inversion of social ranks at the Saturnalia and kindred festivals, ix.
308, 337, 339, 350, 407

Invisibility acquired by magical ointment made out of a mouldering corpse,
viii. 163 _sq._

Invisible, charm to make an army, vi. 251

Invocation of the dead, iii. 172

_Invocavit_ Sunday, “Sawing the Old Woman” on, iv. 243

Invulnerability, charm to produce, i. 146 _sq._;
acquired by inoculation, viii. 160;
conferred by a species of mistletoe, xi. 79 _sq._;
conferred by decoction of a parasitic orchid, xi. 81;
of Balder, xi. 94;
attained through blood-brotherhood with animal, xi. 201;
thought to be attained through initiation, xi. 275 _sq._, 276 _n._ 1

Invulnerable warlock or giant, stories of the, xi. 97 _sqq._

Inzia River, in Africa, vii. 119

Iolaus, friend of Hercules, v. 111

Iolcus, Jason at, iii. 311

Iona, St. Columba’s tomb in, i. 160

Ionian women, would not name their husbands, iii. 337

Iowa Indians, their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 217 _sq._

Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158

Iphinoe, libations and offerings of hair on tomb of the maiden, i. 28

Ipswich witches, x. 304 _sq._

Irac, province of, report of death of King of the Jinn in, iv. 8

Iraca, or Sogamozo, the pontiff of, i. 416

Iran, marriage custom in, x. 75

Iranian year, the old, vi. 67

Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), vi. 67
_sq._

Irawadi River, royal criminals sunk in the, iii. 242

Irayas of Luzon offer first-fruits to the souls of their ancestors, viii.
124

Ireland, “burying the sheaf” in, i. 69;
woman burnt as a witch in, i. 236, x. 323 _sq._;
hoops wreathed with rowan and marigolds carried on May Day in, ii. 63;
the May Queen in, ii. 87;
perpetual fires in, ii. 240 _sqq._;
oaks and yews in the peat-bogs of, ii. 351;
Druidism and Christianity in, ii. 363;
cut hair preserved against the day of judgment by old women in, iii. 280
_sq._;
divination by knotted threads in, iii. 304 _n._ 5;
the old kings of, might not have any personal blemish, iv. 39;
sacred oaks in, v. 37 _n._ 2;
cutting the last corn (the _churn_) at harvest in, vii. 154 _sq._;
hunting the wren in, viii. 319 _sq._;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
candles on Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 _sq._;
the Druid’s Glass in, x. 16;
new fire at Hallowe’en in, x. 139, 225;
Beltane fires in, x. 157 _sq._;
Midsummer fires in, x. 201 _sqq._;
fairies at Hallowe’en in, x. 226 _sq._;
Hallowe’en customs in, x. 241 _sq._;
witches as hares in, x. 315 _n._ 1;
bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29;
cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 192 _n._ 1

——, ancient, the Celts of, ii. 116;
sacred oak groves in, ii. 242 _sq._, 363;
taboos observed by the kings of, iii. 11 _sq._;
the great fairs of, iv. 99 _sqq._

Irish belief as to green boughs on May Day, ii. 52

—— crannogs, oak timber in the, ii. 352

—— custom as to a fall, iii. 68;
as to friends’ blood, iii. 244 _sq._

—— kings, magical virtues attributed to, i. 367

—— legend of the self-sacrifice of monks to stay a plague, iv. 159 _n._ 1

—— precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 53

—— sacrifice of firstlings, iv. 183

—— story of the external soul, xi. 132

Irle, J., on the sacred sticks representing ancestors of the Herero, ii.
223 _n._ 2;
on the religion of the Herero, vi. 186 _sq._

Iron, homoeopathic magic of, i. 159 _sq._;
not to be touched, iii. 167;
tabooed, iii. 176, 225 _sqq._;
used as a charm against spirits, iii. 232 _sqq._, viii. 51;
not allowed to touch Atys, v. 286 _n._ 5;
not to be used in digging fern root, xi. 65;
mistletoe gathered without the use of, xi. 78;
not to be used in cutting certain plants, xi. 81 _n._;
customs observed by the Toradjas at the working of, xi. 154

—— Age in Denmark, ii. 352

—— axe, use of, forbidden, viii. 248

—— -Beard, Dr., a Whitsuntide mummer, iv. 208, 212, 233

—— instruments, use of, tabooed, iii. 205, 206

—— rings as talismans, iii. 235, 315

—— -wort, bunches of, held in the smoke of the Midsummer fires, x. 179

Ironwood trees, spirits of, propitiated, ii. 40

Iroquois, their belief in the spirits of trees and plants, ii. 12;
their thunder-god, ii. 369 _sq._;
names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352;
tell their tales of wonder only in winter, iii. 385;
their myth of the Spirits of Corn, Beans, and Squashes, vii. 177;
their sacrifice of white dogs, viii. 258 _n._ 1, ix. 127, 209 _sq._;
their “festival of dreams,” ix. 127;
their New Year festival, ix. 127, 209 _sq._;
their use of scapegoats, ix. 209 _sq._, 233;
ceremony of the new fire among the, x. 133 _sq._;
need-fire among the, x. 299 _sq._

Irrigation in ancient Egypt, vi. 31 _sq._;
rites of, in Egypt, vi. 33 _sqq._;
sacrifices offered in connexion with, vi. 38 _sq._

Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, wife of Mahadeva, v. 241

Isaac, Abraham’s attempted sacrifice of, iv. 177, vi. 219 _n._ 1

Isaacs, Nathaniel, on custom of putting Zulu kings to death, iv. 36 _sq._

Isaiah (vii. 14), on the virgin who shall bear a son, i. 36 _n._ 2;
(xxx. 33), on the king’s pyre in Tophet, v. 177, 178;
possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in (xvii. 10), v. 236 _n._ 1;
(xxvi. 19), on dew, v. 247 _n._ 1;
“houses of the soul” in (iii. 20), xi. 155 _n._ 3

Iser Mountains in Silesia, Walpurgis bonfires to keep off witches in the,
ix. 163

Iserlohn in Westphalia, custom of “quickening” cattle on May morning at,
ix. 266 _sq._

Isfendiyar and Rustem, x. 104 _sq._, 314

Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, her love for Tammuz, v. 8 _sq._;
her descent into the world of the dead, v. 8 _sq._, ix. 406;
her title Dodah, v. 20 _n._ 2;
associated with Sirius, ix. 359 _n._ 1;
Esther equivalent to, ix. 365;
served by harlots, ix. 372;
at Erech, ix. 398;
her visit to Anu, ix. 399 _n._ 1;
goddess of fertility in animals, ix. 406 _n._ 1
_See also_ Astarte

—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, v. 36, 37 _n._ 1

—— and Gilgamesh, ix. 371 _sq._, 398 _sq._

—— and Semiramis, ix. 369 _sqq._

—— and Tammuz, ix. 399, 406

_Isilimela_, the Pleiades, among the Amazulu, vii. 316

Isis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5;
watches over childbirth, ii. 133;
how she discovered the name of Ra, iii. 387 _sqq._;
in Sirius, iv. 5, vi. 34 _sq._, 152;
and the king’s son at Byblus, v. 180;
invoked by Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45, 117;
sister and wife of Osiris, vi. 6 _sq._, 116;
and the scorpions, vi. 8;
in the form of a hawk, vi. 8, 20;
in the papyrus swamps, vi. 8;
in the form of a swallow, vi. 9;
at Byblus, vi. 9 _sq._;
at the well, vi. 9, 111 _n._ 6;
her search for the body of Osiris, vi. 10, 50, 85;
recovers and buries the body of Osiris, vi. 10 _sq._, vii. 262;
mourns Osiris, vi. 12;
restores Osiris to life, vi. 13;
date of the festival of, vi. 26 _n._ 2, 33;
her tears supposed to swell the Nile, vi. 33;
as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, vi. 50, 85, 88 _n._ 1, 91;
her priest wears a jackal’s mask, vi. 85 _n._ 3;
decapitated by her son Horus, vi. 88 _n._ 1;
her temple at Philae, vi. 89, 111;
her many names, vi. 115;
a corn-goddess, vi. 116 _sq._;
her discovery of wheat and barley, vi. 116;
identified with Ceres, vi. 117;
identified with Demeter, vi. 117;
as the ideal wife and mother, vi. 117 _sq._;
refinement and spiritualization of, vi. 117 _sq._;
popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, vi. 118;
her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, vi. 118 _sq._;
dirge of, vii. 215;
at Tithorea, festivals of, viii. 18 _n._ 1;
in relation to cows, viii. 35;
etymology of her name, viii. 35 _n._ 4;
collects the scattered limbs of Osiris, viii. 264;
the birth of, ix. 341

—— -Hathor, worship of, perhaps derived from reverence of pastoral peoples
for their cattle, viii. 35 _n._ 2

—— and Osiris perhaps personated by human couples, ix. 386

Isistines Indians of Paraguay, mourners refrain from scratching their
heads among the, iii. 159 _n._

Island, need-fire kindled in an, x. 290 _sq._, 291 _sq._

Islay, the _corp chre_ in, i. 68;
the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 141 _sq._;
the harvest _Cailleach_ in, vii. 166;
cures for toothache in, ix. 62

Isle de France, the May-tree and Father May in, ii. 74 _sq._;
harvest customs in, vii. 221, 226;
Midsummer giant burnt in, xi. 38

—— of Man, St. Bridget in the, ii. 94 _sq._;
May Day in the, iv. 258;
Queen of May and Queen of Winter in the, iv. 258;
hunting the wren in the, viii. 318 _sq._;
Beltane fires in the, x. 157.
_See_ Man, Isle of

Isle of May, St. Mary’s well in, ii. 161

—— of St. Mary, inhabitants of, apologize to mother-whale for destroying
her offspring, viii. 235

Islip, in Oxfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 62 _n._ 2

Isocrates on Aeacus, ii. 360 _n._;
a competitor for prize of eloquence at Halicarnassus, iv. 95;
on Demeter’s gift of the corn, vii. 54 _sq._

Isolation of the man-god, iii. 132

Isowa or Aïsawa, a religious order in Morocco, vii. 21.
_See_ Aïsawa

Israelites covet the foreskins of the Philistines, i. 101 _n._ 2;
their rules of ceremonial purity observed in war, iii. 157 _sq._, 177;
their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv. 168
_sqq._;
their brazen serpent, viii. 281.
_See also_ Jews

Issapoo, in Fernando Po, the cobracapella worshipped at, viii. 174

Issini on the Gold Coast, custom observed by executioners at, iii. 171
_sq._

Isthmian games held every two years, vii. 86;
instituted in honour of Melicertes, iv. 93, 103

Istria, the Croats of, xi. 75

Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, v. 241, 242

Italian and Celtic languages akin, ii. 189

—— money, the oldest, i. 23

—— peoples, ancient, their custom of the “sacred spring,” iv. 186

—— women, their disposal of their loose hair, iii. 281

Italians, their myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, vi.
235;
their cure for fever, ix. 55;
their season for sowing in spring, ix. 346;
the oak the chief sacred tree among the ancient, xi. 89;
their stories of the external soul, xi. 105 _sqq._;
their ancient practice of passing conquered enemies under a yoke, xi.
193 _sq._

——, the early, a pastoral as well as an agricultural people, ii. 324

Italmens of Kamtchatka, their effigy of a wolf, viii. 173 _n._ 4

Italones, the, of the Philippine Islands, drink the blood of slain foes to
acquire their courage, viii. 152

Italy, change in the flora of, i. 8;
“Sawing the Old Woman” at Mid-Lent in, iv. 240 _sq._;
seven-legged effigies of Lent in, iv. 244 _sq._;
swinging as a festal rite in modern, iv. 283, 284;
hot springs in, v. 213;
divination at Midsummer in, v. 254;
“killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;
cure of warts in, ix. 48;
birth-trees in, xi. 165;
mistletoe in, xi. 316, 317

Italy, ancient, spinning on highroads forbidden to women in, i. 113, viii.
119 _n._ 5;
forests of, ii. 8;
tree-worship in, ii. 10;
sacred groves in, ii. 122;
oaks sacred to Jupiter in, ii. 361;
vintage inaugurated by priests in, viii. 133;
colleges of the Salii in, ix. 232;
the Ambarvalia in, ix. 359

Itasy, Lake, in Madagascar, proclamation to crocodiles at, viii. 214

Itch of Hercules, v. 209

Itonamas of South America, their way of detaining the soul in the body,
iii. 31

Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), iii. 88
_n._, vi. 184 _n._ 2, 185, viii. 166, xi. 202 _n._

Itzgrund, in Saxe-Coburg, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 139

Ivory Coast, the Baoules of the, iii. 70;
human souls in bats on the, viii. 287;
totemism among the Siena of the, xi. 220 _n._ 2

Ivy chewed by Bacchanals, i. 384;
identified or associated with Dionysus, ii. 251, vii. 4;
used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252;
prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13 _sq._;
sacred to Attis, v. 278;
sacred to Osiris, vi. 112;
to dream on, x. 242

Ivy Girl in Kent, vii. 153

_Ixia_, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318

Iyyar, Assyrian month, corresponding to May, ii. 130

Izdubar. _See_ Gilgamesh

Ja-Luo tribes of Kavirondo, spearing a man’s shadow among the, iii. 79;
purification of manslayers among the, iii. 177;
eat leopard’s flesh to become brave, viii. 142

Jablanica, need-fire at, x. 286

Jabim. _See_ Yabim

Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 120

Jabme-Aimo, the abode of the dead, among the Lapps, viii. 257

Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82, xi. 37

—— o’ Lent, iv. 230

—— wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216

Jackal, transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299

—— -god Up-uat, in ancient Egypt, vi. 154

Jackal’s head, Egyptian priest represented wearing a, vii. 260

—— heart not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 141

—— mask worn by priest of Isis, vi. 85 _n._ 3

Jackals, tigers called, iii. 402, 403

Jackson, Professor Henry, on the Polemarch at Athens, iii. 22 _n._ 1;
on the use of swallows as scapegoats in ancient Greece, ix. 35 _n._ 3

Jacob wrestling with the angel, American Indian parallel to the story of,
viii. 264 _sqq._

Jacob of Edessa, viii. 280 _n._

Jacob, G., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209

Jacobsen, J. Adrian, on the Secret Societies of North-Western America, ix.
377 _sqq._

Jaffa, new Easter fire carried to, x. 130 _n._

Jaga, title of the king of Cassange, iv. 56, 203

Jagas, a tribe of Angola, their custom of infanticide, iv. 196 _sq._

Jaggas of East Africa, their fire customs, ii. 259

Jagor, as to ignorance of the art of making fire, ii. 254 _n._

Jaguar imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381

Jaguars eaten in order to acquire courage, viii. 140;
souls of dead in, viii. 285, 286

Jahn, U., on girding fruit-trees with straw at Christmas, ii. 17 _n._ 5

Jaintias or Syntengs, a Khasi tribe of Assam, custom of religious suicide
among the, iv. 55

Jakkaneri, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire-walk at, xi. 9

Jakun, the, of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among the, i.
360;
use a special language in searching for camphor, iii. 405

Jalina piramurana, a headman of the Dieri, i. 336

Jalno, temporary ruler at Lhasa, ix. 218 _sqq._

Jamadwitiya Day in Behar, brothers reviled by sisters on, i. 279

Jambi in Sumatra, temporary kings in, iv. 154

Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, v. 169;
on the purifying virtue of fire, v. 181

James, M. R., on the charges of ritual murder brought against the Jews,
ix. 395 _ns._ 2 and 3;
on the Sibyl’s Wish, x. 100 _n._

James and Philip, the Apostles, feast of, x. 158

James II. touches for scrofula, i. 370

Jamieson, John, on the fairies and Trows, ix. 168 _n._ 1, 169 _n._ 2;
on the “quarter-ill,” x. 296 _n._ 1

Jana, another form of Diana, ii. 381, 382, 383.
_See_ Diana

_Jangam_, priest of the Lingayats, worshipped as a god, i. 404 _sq._

Janiculum hill, the, secession of the plebeians to, ii. 186;
and the grove of Helernus, ii. 190 _n._ 3;
the oak-woods of the, ii. 382;
Janus as a king resident on, ii. 382

Jankari, a god, human sacrifices for the crops offered to, vii. 244

_Janua_, derived from Janus, ii. 384

January, the 6th of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, v. 304,
x. 246;
the Holi festival in, xi. 1;
the fire-walk in, xi. 8

Janus, two-faced images like those of, set up by mothers of still-born
twins, i. 269 _n._ 1;
a god of the sky, ii. 381 _sq._;
called Junonian, ii. 382;
as a god of doors, ii. 383 _sq._;
explanation of the two-headed, ii. 384 _sq._;
double-headed images of, with stick and key, ii. 385;
in Roman mythology, vi. 235 _n._ 6

—— and Carna, ii. 190

—— (Dianus) and Diana, doubles of Jupiter and Juno, ii. 190 _sq._, 381
_sq._

—— and Jupiter, xi. 302 _n._ 2

Janus-like deity on coins, v. 165

Japan, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 208 _sq._;
black dog sacrificed for rain in the mountains of, i. 291 _sq._;
rain-making by means of a stone in, i. 305;
the Mikado of, i. 417, iii. 2 _sqq._;
fruit-trees threatened in, to make them bear fruit, ii. 21;
Kaempfer’s history of, iii. 3 _n._ 2;
Caron’s account of, iii. 4 _n._ 2;
mock human sacrifices in, iv. 218;
annual festival of the dead in, vi. 65;
superstitious practice of robbers in, vii. 235 _n._ 3;
the fox associated with the rice-god in, vii. 297;
the Ainos of, viii. 52, x. 20, xi. 60;
cure for toothache in, ix. 71;
expulsion of demons in, ix. 118 _sq._, 143 _sq._;
Feast of Lanterns in, ix. 151 _sq._;
annual expulsion of evil in, ix. 212 _sq._;
ceremony of new fire in, x. 137 _sq._;
the fire-walk in, xi. 9 _sq._

Japanese, their use of magical images, i. 60, 71;
treatment of the placenta among the, i. 195;
use ropes to keep off demons, ix. 154 _n._

Japanese account of the Aino bear-festival, viii. 187 _sq._

—— alps, rain-making in the, i. 251

—— deities of the Sun, vii. 212

—— mode of procuring rain by an artificial dragon, i. 297;
by doing violence to deity, i. 297

Japura River in Brazil, viii. 157

Jar, the evils of a whole year shut up in a, ix. 202.
_See also_ Jars

Jaray. _See_ Chréais

Jargon, artificial, used by searchers for eagle-wood, iii. 404.
_See also_ Language, special

Järischau, in Silesia, athletic sports at harvest at, vii. 76

Jarkino, trees respected in, ii. 18

Jars, winds kept by priest in, iii. 5;
souls conjured into, iii. 70;
burial in, iv. 12 _sq._, v. 109 _n._ 1.
_See also_ Jar

Jasmine married to a tamarind in India, ii. 25

Jason and Medea, v. 181 _n._ 1

—— and Pelias, iii. 311 _sq._

Jassnitz, in Moravia, custom of “Carrying out Death” at, iv. 238 _sq._

Jastrow, Professor M., on the festival of Tammuz, v. 10 _n._ 1;
on the character of Tammuz, v. 230 _n._;
on the epic of Gilgamesh, ix. 399 _n._ 1

_Jatakas_, collection of Buddhist tales, viii. 299 _n._ 5, ix. 41, 45

Jaundice treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 79 _sqq._;
called the royal disease, i. 371 _n._ 4;
transferred to a tench, ix. 52