Chapter XXVIII: Part 28

Nails, golden or silver, driven into a sacred tree, ii. 36;
knocked into trees, walls, etc., ii. 42, 76, ix. 56 _sqq._;
knocked into doors to keep out witches, ii. 339 _sq._;
used as charms against fairies, demons, and ghosts, iii. 233, 234, 236;
knocked as a solemn ceremony by the highest magistrate at Rome, ix. 64
_sqq._;
annually knocked into walls to record the years, ix. 67, 67 _n._ 2;
knocked into ground as cure for epilepsy, ix. 68, 330;
knocked into idols or fetishes, ix. 69 _sq._

Nails, pegs, or pins knocked into images, i. 61, 64, 65, 68, 69

Nails, parings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66;
of father of twins not to be cut for a time, ii. 102;
of owners of silk-worms not to be cut for a time, iii. 194;
parings of, swallowed by attendants, iii. 246;
of children not pared, iii. 262 _sq._;
parings of, swallowed by treaty-makers, iii. 274;
clippings of, in popular cures, ix. 68 _n._ 2

—— and hair, cut, disposal of, iii. 267 _sqq._;
as rain-charms, iii. 271, 272;
deposited in sacred places, iii. 274 _sqq._;
stowed away in any secret place, iii. 276 _sqq._;
kept for use at the resurrection, iii. 279 _sqq._;
burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 281
_sqq._;
in popular cures, ix. 57, 58

—— and teeth of sacred kings preserved as amulets, ii. 6

Nakedness of women in rain-charms, i. 248, 282, 283

Nakelo tribe in Fiji, custom at burial of chief in the, iii. 29

Nakiza, the river, worshipped by the Baganda, ix. 27

Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to birth of children, v.
105

Namaquas, their fear of falling stars, iv. 61;
their belief in the homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet, viii. 141

Nambutiris of Malabar, their use of magical images, i. 64

Name, the personal, regarded as a vital part of the man, iii. 318 _sqq._;
identified with the soul, iii. 319;
the same, not to be borne by two living persons, iii. 370;
changed as a cure for ill health, iv. 158

Names of kings changed in time of drought, i. 355;
of common objects changed when they coincide more or less with the names
of relations, iii. 335, 336, 337, 339, 339 _sq._, 340, 341,
345, 346;
of relations tabooed, iii. 335 _sqq._;
changed to deceive ghosts, iii. 354 _sqq._;
of common objects changed when they are the names of the dead, iii. 358
_sqq._, 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376
_sqq._;
of ancestors bestowed on their reincarnations, iii. 368 _sq._;
of kings and chiefs tabooed, iii. 374 _sqq._;
of supernatural beings tabooed, iii. 384 _sqq._;
of gods tabooed, iii. 387 _sqq._;
of spirits and gods, magical virtue of, iii. 389 _sqq._;
of Roman gods not to be mentioned, iii. 391 _n._ 1;
lucky, iii. 391 _n._ 1;
of dangerous animals not to be mentioned, iii. 396 _sqq._;
conventional, for common objects on long and perilous journeys, iii. 404
_n._ 3;
royal, signifying relation to deity, v. 15 _sqq._;
Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, v. 51;
Hebrew, ending in _-el_ or _-iah_, v. 79 _n._ 3;
on chimney-piece, divination by, x. 237;
of savages kept secret, xi. 224 _n._ 2

Names of the dead tabooed, iii. 349 _sqq._;
not borne by the living, iii. 354;
revived after a time, iii. 365 _sqq._

——, new, given to the sick and old, iii. 319;
taken by novices at initiation, iii. 320, 383, xi. 259

——, personal, tabooed, iii. 318 _sqq._;
kept secret from fear of magic, iii. 320 _sqq._;
different in summer and winter, iii. 386

Namesakes of the dead change their names to avoid attracting the attention
of the ghost, iii. 355 _sqq._;
of deceased persons regarded as their reincarnations, iii. 365 _sqq._

Naming the dead a serious crime, iii. 352, 354;
of children, solemnities at the, connected with belief in the
reincarnation of ancestors in their namesakes, iii. 372

Namoluk, one of the Caroline Islands, traditionary origin of fire in, xi.
295

Namosi, in Fiji, human sacrifice at cutting a chief’s hair in, iii. 264

Namuci and Indra, legend of, xi. 280

Namur, Lenten fires in, x. 108

Nana, mother of Attis, v. 263, 269, 281

Nana or Nanaea, goddess of Elymais, i. 37 _n._ 2

Nandi of British East Africa, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344;
their custom as to an unchaste girl, ii. 112;
their fire-drill, ii. 210;
taboos observed by those who have handled the dead among the, iii. 141;
purification of man-slayers among the, iii. 175;
their use of shorn hair as hostage for a prisoner, iii. 273;
their use of magic knots on a journey, iii. 310;
names of absent warriors not mentioned among the, iii. 330;
reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
certain words tabooed to warriors among the, iii. 401;
their belief as to stepping over things, iii. 423;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85;
their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, vi. 47;
boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among
the, vi. 263;
woman’s share in agriculture among the, vii. 117;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 317;
their ceremonies at eating the new eleusine grain, viii. 64;
warriors eat hearts of foes to become brave among the, viii. 149;
man-slayers drink the blood of their enemies among the, viii. 155;
their custom of driving sick cattle round a fire, xi. 13;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 _n._

_Nanga_, sacred enclosure in Fiji, viii. 125, xi. 243, 244

_Nanja_ spots, local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96, 97;
trees, haunted by disembodied spirits, i. 96

Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, v. 81 _sq._

Nanna, the wife of Balder, x. 102, 103

Nanny, a Yorkshire witch, x. 317

Nanumea, island of, precautions against strangers in, iii. 102 _sq._

Naples, custom observed by boys on the first Sunday of April at, iv. 241;
grotto _del cani_ at, v. 205 _n._ 1;
custom of bathing on St. John’s Eve at, v. 246;
protected against flies and grasshoppers, viii. 281;
feast of the Nativity of the Virgin at, x. 220 _sq._

Náráyan-chakra, a rain-making stone, i. 305

Narbrooi, a spirit or god of the forest, in New Guinea, iii. 60 _sq._

Narcissus and his reflection, iii. 94

Narmer, the mace of, king of Egypt represented as Osiris on, vi. 154

Narrative spells, vii. 104 _sqq._

Narrinyeri, the, of South Australia, take great care of the refuse of
their food, iii. 126 _sq._;
names of the recent dead not mentioned among, iii. 372;
their custom at breaking bones of animals, viii. 259 _n._

Narrow openings, creeping through, in order to escape ghostly pursuers,
xi. 177 _sqq._

Nass River in British Columbia, the Indians of the, believe that a
physician may swallow his patient’s soul, iii. 76

_Nat_, spirit, in Burma, ii. 46

_Nat_ superstition in Burma, ix. 90 _n._ 1

Natal, the Caffres of, their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290

Natchez Indians of North America, their rain-making, i. 249;
claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 _n._ 3;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal among
the, i. 401 _n._ 3;
their perpetual fires, ii. 262 _sq._;
customs of man-slayers among the, iii. 181;
their festival of new corn, viii. 77 _sqq._;
their festival of New Fire, viii. 135 _sqq._

Nathuram, image supposed to make women fruitful, xi. 3

National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic
conditions, vi. 217

Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, v. 303 _sqq._

“—— of the sun’s walking-stick,” ancient Egyptian festival, i. 312

—— of the Virgin, feast of the, x. 220 _sq._

_Nats_, spirits in Burma, iii. 90, ix. 175 _sq._;
propitiation of, ix. 96

Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, vi. 25

—— death of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of, iii. 6,
7;
regarded as a calamity, iv. 11 _sq._

—— law, the conception of, gradually evolved, i. 374;
not grasped by primitive man, i. 376

—— timekeepers, vii. 53

Nature, conception of immutable laws of, not primitive, i. 374;
the order and uniformity of, ii. 376;
of Osiris, vi. 96 _sqq._

Nauders in the Tyrol, sacred larch-tree at, ii. 20

Naudowessies, Indian tribe of North America, ritual of death and
resurrection among the, xi. 267

_Naueld_, need-fire, in Norway, x. 280

Nauras Indians of New Granada ate the hearts of Spaniards to make
themselves brave, viii. 150

Nauroz and Eed festivals in Dardistan, women swing at the, iv. 279

Nauru, in the Marshall Islands, lives of people bound up with a fish in,
xi. 200

Navajoes of New Mexico, their ceremony at the return of a man from
captivity, iii. 112 _sq._;
keep their names secret, iii. 325;
tell their stories only in winter, iii. 385;
their story of the external soul, xi. 151 _sq._;
use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 _n._, 231

Navarre, rain-making, by means of images of St. Peter in, i. 307

Navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182-201;
planted with or under a tree, i. 182, 184, 186, 196;
worn as an amulet, i. 183, 187, 197, 198;
thrown into the sea, i. 184, 185, 190, 191;
hung on a tree, i. 185, 186, 190, 198, ii. 56;
regarded as brother or sister of child, i. 186, 189, xi. 162 _n._ 2;
called the “twin,” i. 195;
worn as amulet by camels, i. 195;
used in divination, i. 196;
of the living king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon, i.
196, vi. 147 _sq._;
seat of external soul, i. 200 _sq._;
used to recall the soul, iii. 48;
term applied to last handful of corn, vii. 150;
buried under a plant or tree, xi. 160 _sq._, 161, 163

Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, vi. 167, 168, 171;
preserved by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of
their afterbirths, vi. 169 _sq._

Navona, Piazza, at Rome, ceremony of Befana on the, ix. 166 _sq._

Nawng Tung Lake, in Burma, virgins dedicated in marriage to the spirit of
the lake, ii. 150 _sq._

Naxos, Dionysus Meilichios in, vii. 4

Nayan, a rebel against Kublai Khan, iii. 242

Nazarite, vow of the, iii. 262

Ndem Efik, tutelary deity of Calabar, iii. 22

_Ndembo_, secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 251 _sqq._

Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc., name of the supreme god among
various tribes of Africa, vi. 186, with note 5

—— Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, vi. 186

_Ndok_, biennial expulsion of spirits at Calabar, ix. 204

Ndolo, on the Moeko River, West Africa, chief with external soul in
hippopotamus at, xi. 200

Nebseni, the papyrus of, vi. 112

Nebuchadnezzar, his record of the festival of Marduk, ix. 357

Neck, crying the, at harvest in Devonshire, vii. 264 _sqq._

—— of the corn-spirit, vii. 268

Neckar, the river, requires three human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26;
loaf thrown into the river, xi. 28

Necklace, girl’s soul in a, xi. 99 _sq._

Necropolis, ancient, in the Roman forum, ii. 186;
near Albano, ii. 201 _sq._

Neda, River, at Phigalia, cave of Demeter in the ravine of the, viii. 21

Need-fire, x. 269-300;
made without metal, iii. 229;
John Ramsay’s account of, x. 147 _sq._;
kindled as a remedy for cattle-plague, x. 270 _sqq._, 343;
cattle driven through the, x. 270 _sqq._;
derivation of the name, x. 270 _n._;
kindled by the friction of a wheel, x. 270, 273, 289 _sq._, 292;
kindled with oak-wood, x. 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 281, 289 _sq._, 294;
called “wild-fire,” x. 272, 273, 277;
kindled by nine kinds of wood, x. 278, 280;
kindled by fir-wood, x. 278, 282;
kindled as a remedy for witchcraft, x. 280, 292 _sq._, 293, 295;
called “living fire,” x. 281, 286;
healing virtue ascribed to, x. 281, 286;
kindled by lime-wood, x. 281, 283, 286;
kindled by poplar-wood, x. 282;
regarded as a barrier interposed between cattle and an evil spirit, x.
282, 285 _sq._;
kindled by cornel-tree wood, x. 286;
revealed by an angel from heaven, x. 287;
used to heat water, x. 289;
kindled on an island, x. 290 _sq._, 291 _sq._;
kindled by birch-wood, x. 291;
kindled between two running streams, x. 292;
kindled to prevent fever, x. 297;
probable antiquity of the, x. 297 _sq._;
kindled by elm-wood, x. 299;
the parent of the periodic fire-festivals, x. 299, 343;
Lindenbrog on, x. 335 _n._ 1;
used by Slavonic peoples to combat vampyres, x. 344;
sometimes kindled by the friction of fir, plane, birch, lime, poplar,
cornel-wood, xi. 91 _n._ 1

Neftenbach, in Canton of Zurich, the Corn-mother at harvest at, vii. 232

Negative magic or taboo, i. 111 _sqq._, 143

Negritos of the Philippine Islands, their religion a fear of the dead, ix.
82

Negro children pale at birth, xi. 251 _n._ 1, 259 _n._ 2;
gods black and snub-nosed, iii. 387

Negroes of Guiana, their homoeopathic cure for stammering, i. 156

—— of Surinam. _See_ Bush negroes

Nehrung, in East Prussia, custom at sowing among the Kurs of, i. 137

Neil, R. A., on Hyes Attes, viii. 22 _n._ 4;
on Gaelic name for mistletoe, xi. 82 _n._

Neilgherry Hills, the Todas of the, i. 402, ix. 37, x. 136;
the Burghers or Badagas of the, viii. 55, ix. 36, 37, xi. 8 _sq._

Neisse, in Silesia, Oats-king and Oats-queen about, vii. 164;
precautions against witches in the district of, xi. 20 _n._

Neit, Neith or Net, Egyptian goddess, patroness of matrimony, ii. 131, v.
282 _n._, vi. 51 _n._ 1

Nekht, the papyrus of, vi. 112

Nel Gwynne, ii. 52

Nellingen in Lorraine, simples gathered on Midsummer Day at, xi. 47

Nelson, A. E., on custom as to cutting the last corn at harvest in India,
vii. 234 _n._ 2

Nelson, E. W., on the supposed effect of a breach of taboo among the
Esquimaux, iii. 206;
on the bladder festival of the Esquimaux, iii. 228, viii. 249 _n._ 1;
on taboos observed by Esquimaux after a death, iii. 237;
on the masquerades of the Esquimaux, ix. 379 _sqq._

Nemean games, celebrated in honour of Opheltes, iv. 93;
held every two years, vii. 86

Nemi, sanctuary of Diana at, i. 2 _sqq._;
the priest of Diana at, i. 8 _sqq._, 40, 41, ii. 376, 386, 387, iv. 28,
212 _sq._, 220, xi. 315;
the King of the Wood at, i. 11, 40 _sqq._, ii. 378 _sqq._, iv. 205
_sq._, 212 _sqq._, x. 2;
Virbius at, i. 20, 40, 41, ii. 378, 379;
derivation of the name, ii. 9;
sacred marriage of Diana and Virbius perhaps annually celebrated at, ii.
129;
Dianus and Diana at, ii. 376 _sqq._, v. 45;
sacramental bread at, xi. 286 _n._ 2;
at evening, xi. 308 _sq._

——, the Lake of, i. 1 _sqq._;
annual tragedy perhaps formerly enacted at, xi. 286

——, the sacred grove of, i. 2, 8, 12, 17, 40, 41, ii. 378, xi. 315;
perhaps composed of oaks, ii. 379, 386

_Nemontemi_, the five supplementary days of the Aztec calendar, ix. 339

_Nemus_, meaning of the word, i. 2 _n._ 1;
supposed town of, i. 3 _n._ 1;
a grove or woodland glade, ii. 9

Neolithic implements found in the peatbogs of Denmark and Scandinavia, ii.
352

Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, in Epirus, ii. 278

Nepaul, the Newars of, i. 294 _sq._;
fossil ammonites found in, ii. 27 _n._ 2;
the Dassera festival of, iv. 277, ix. 226 _n._ 1

Nephele, wife of King Athamas, iv. 161

Nephews, uncles named after their, iii. 332

Nephthys watches over childbirth, ii. 133;
Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, vi. 6;
mourns Osiris, vi. 12;
the birth of, ix. 341

Neptune and Salacia, vi. 231, 233

_Nepu_, sorcerers, in New Guinea, i. 337

Nerechta, district of Russia, Whitsuntide custom in, ii. 93

Nerio, wife of Mars, vi. 232

Nero consecrates his first beard, i. 29

Nerthus, old German goddess, xi. 28 _n._ 1;
procession of, ii. 144 _n._ 1

_Nestelknüpfen_, spell laid on man and wife, x. 346 _n._ 2

Net to catch the sun, i. 316;
the soul or genius of a, ii. 147

Nets, marriage of girls to, ii. 147;
to catch souls, iii. 38, 69 _sq._;
taboos observed at the making of fishing nets, iii. 192;
as amulets, iii. 300, 307;
treated as living beings, viii. 240 _n._ 1;
fumigated with smoke of need-fire, x. 280

Nettles, whipping with, ix. 263;
Indians beaten with, as an ordeal, x. 64

Neuautz, in Courland, pig’s tail at sowing barley at, vii. 300

Neuchatel, Midsummer fires in the canton of, x. 172

Neuenkirchen, in Oldenburg, plague hammered into a doorpost at, ix. 64

Neuerburg, in the Eifel, King and Queen of the Bean near, ix. 313

Neugramatin, in Bohemia, custom of beating young women with green boughs
in the Christmas holidays at, ix. 270

Neuhausen, near Merseburg, binder of last sheaf wrapt in ears of oats at,
vii. 221

Neuhof, near Marburg, remedy for gout at, ix. 56

Neumann, J. B., on the belief in demons among the Battas, ix. 87;
on the Batta doctrine of souls, xi. 223 _n._ 2

Neumark, “Easter Smacks” in, ix. 269

Neusass, in West Prussia, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 137

Neustadt, in Silesia, Midsummer fires at, x. 170;
near Marburg, the need-fire at, x. 270

Neuwied, Prince of, on a Minnetaree ceremony, vii. 209 _n._ 2

New, Charles, on the exorcism of strangers in East Africa, iii. 103

New birth, simulation of, among the Akikuyu, i. 75 _sq._, 96 _sq._;
of Brahman sacrificer, i. 380 _sq._;
through blood in the rites of Attis, v. 274 _sq._;
savage theory of, v. 299;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 _sq._;
of novices at initiation, xi. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262 _sq._
_See also_ Birth

—— body obtained at initiation, xi. 252

—— -born children brought to the hearth, ii. 232

—— Britain, Gazelle Peninsula in, i. 175, iii. 202, iv. 65, vii. 123, ix.
303;
contagious magic by means of personal relics in, i. 175;
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 208;
rain-making in, i. 248 _sq._;
the Sulka of, i. 252, 304, ii. 148, 155 _n._ 1, iii. 151, 331, 384, iv.
65;
charm to make the wind blow in, i. 320;
magical powers ascribed to chiefs in, i. 340;
new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 _n._ 3;
artificial deformation of heads in, ii. 298 _n._ 2;
avoidance of wife’s mother in, iii. 85;
magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 128;
names of relations by marriage tabooed in, iii. 344;
theory of earthquakes in, v. 201;
the Melanesians of, their belief in demons, ix. 82 _sq._;
expulsion of devils in, ix. 109 _sq._;
the Duk-duk society of, x. 11, xi. 246 _sq._

New Calabar River, human victims thrown into the, ii. 158

—— Caledonia, magical effigies in, i. 78;
the Belep of, i. 150;
homoeopathic magic of stones in, i. 162 _sqq._;
magic blent with the worship of the dead in, i. 164;
rain-making by means of a human skeleton in, i. 284 _sq._, 314, ii. 47;
ceremonies for making sunshine and drought in, i. 312 _sq._, 314;
ideas as to reflections among the natives of, iii. 92 _sq._;
taboos observed by men who bury corpses in, iii. 141;
continence at the building of a canoe in, iii. 202;
names of relations tabooed in, iii. 344;
belief as to woman stepping over a cable in, iii. 424;
ceremony at eating first yams in, viii. 53;
bodies of slain foes eaten to acquire their bravery in, viii. 151;
burying the evil spirit in, ix. 110;
taro plants beaten to make them grow in, ix. 264

—— Caledonians, the, their ways of making rain and sunshine, i. 314;
their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31

—— College, Oxford, Boy Bishop at, ix. 338

—— corn, eaten sacramentally, viii. 48 _sqq._

——, everything, excites awe of savages, iii. 230 _sqq._

—— fire, made by friction in rain-charm, i. 290;
made by the friction of sticks at Rome, ii. 207, 227;
made by the friction of sticks at rebuilding a village, ii. 217, 222;
made by friction at taking possession of a new house, ii. 237 _sq._;
made by the friction of wood after a birth, ii. 239;
made at Midsummer, ii. 243;
made at beginning of a king’s reign, ii. 262, 267;
made by friction of wood, iii. 286, vii. 310 _sq._, x. 264;
made at festivals of new fruits, viii. 65, 74, 75, 78;
festival of, among the Natchez, viii. 135;
kindled on Easter Saturday, x. 121 _sqq._;
made at the New Year, x. 134 _sq._, 138, 140.
_See also_ Fire, new

—— fruits, ceremonies at eating, viii. 52 _sqq._

—— Granada, the Muyscas of, i. 303;
their belief as to water-serpents, ii. 156;
the Nauras Indians of, viii. 150

—— Guinea, the Toaripi or Motumotu of i. 125, 317, 327, iii. 92;
the Motu of, i. 317, ii. 106, iii. 141, 192, 203;
taboos on pregnant women in, i. 141 _n._ 1;
charms to detain the sun in, i. 317;
some of the natives of, reported to be ignorant of the art of making
fire, ii. 253 _sq._;
Geelvink Bay in, iii. 60;
use of effigies as substitutes for souls in, iii. 63 _n._ 2;
the Maclay Coast of, iii. 109;
seclusion and purification of man-slayers in, iii. 167 _sqq._;
the Gebars of, iii. 190;
Mowat in, iii. 192;
the Wanigela River of, iii. 192;
dread of sorcery in, iii. 246;
cut hair destroyed for fear of witchcraft in, iii. 282 _n._;
names of relations tabooed in, iii. 342 _sq._;
bull-roarers used to ensure good crops in, vii. 110;
division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124;
mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in, viii. 163;
belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 295
_sq._

New Guinea, British, charms used by hunters in, i. 109;
the Mekeo district of, i. 134, iii. 144, 148;
charm against snake-bite in, i. 152 _sq._;
contagious magic of bodily impressions in, i. 213;
influence of magicians in, i. 337 _sq._;
belief as to demons of trees in, ii. 42;
the Sinaugolo tribe of, iii. 147;
the Roro district of, iii. 148;
the Motumotu tribe of, iii. 167, 196, 329, viii. 145;
the Koita of, iii. 168;
the Roro-speaking tribes, iii. 168, 193;
the Massim of, iii. 169;
the Motu of, iii. 329;
changes in the languages of, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 361
_sq._;
belief in ghosts in, ix. 84 _sq._;
Mowat in, ix. 265;
festival of wild mango in, x. 7;
custom observed after childbirth in, x. 20;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 35;
dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 79;
the Toaripi of, x. 84;
use of bull-roarers in, xi. 228 _n._ 2

—— Guinea, Dutch, Windessi in, iii. 169;
Doreh in, iii. 170, ix. 178;
the Nufoors of, iii. 329, 332, 415;
the Papuans of Doreh Bay in, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression);
Kaimani Bay in, vii. 123;
the Papuans of Ayambori in, vii. 123;
the Papuans of, their belief in demons, ix. 83

—— Guinea, German, the Yabim of, i. 182, iii. 151, 170, 186 _n._ 1, 306,
342, 354, 386, vii. 228, viii. 275, 295 _sq._, ix. 188, 232;
contagious magic of personal remains in, i. 213;
charm to hasten the moon in, i. 319;
magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 128;
the Monumbos of, iii. 169, xi. 382;
precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289;
the Kai of, v. 96, vii. 99 _sqq._, 313, viii. 33, 152, ix. 264, xi. 182;
the Tami of, v. 198;
the Bukaua of, vii. 103 _sq._, 313, viii. 124, ix. 83 _sq._;
rites of initiation in, xi. 193, 239 _sqq._

New Guinea, North-West, spirits of ancestors thought to live on trees in,
ii. 32

—— Guinea, South-Eastern, annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 134

—— Hebrideans, their story of the origin of death, ix. 304

—— Hebrides, Tana (Tanna) in the, i. 206, viii. 125;
rain-making in the, i. 308;
supernatural powers of chiefs in the, i. 339;
artificial deformation of heads in the, ii. 298 _n._ 2;
ghosts impound souls in the, iii. 56;
Lepers’ Island in the, iii. 65;
magic of refuse of food in the, iii. 127;
Vaté in the, iv. 12;
burial alive in the, iv. 12;
the natives of the, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313;
conception of the external soul in the, xi. 197 _sqq._

—— Ireland, names of relations by marriage tabooed in, iii. 344;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 32 _sqq._;
Duk-duk society in, xi. 247

—— Mexico, the aridity of, i. 306;
the Navajoes of, iii. 325;
the Pueblo Indians of, vi. 54;
the Zuni Indians of, viii. 175, x. 132;
the Indians of, their attempts to escape the pursuit of smallpox, ix.
123;
and Arizona, use of bull-roarers in, xi. 230 _n._, 231

—— moon, ceremonies at the, vi. 141 _sqq._
_See also_ Moon

—— names given to the sick and old, iii. 319;
at initiation, iii. 320, 383, xi. 259

—— potatoes, how eaten, viii. 51

—— rice, ceremonies at eating the, viii. 54 _sqq._

—— South Wales, custom observed at nose-boring in, i. 94;
the Kamilaroi of, i. 101, viii. 151, 162;
natives of, bury their dead at flood tide, i. 168;
the Murring tribe of, i. 176;
tribes of, their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 176;
way of stopping rain in, i. 253;
the Keramin tribe of, i. 304;
the Ta-ta-thi of, i. 304;
natives of, their charm for raising a wind, i. 321 _n._ 1;
the Hunter River tribes of, iii. 84;
the Yuin tribes of, iii. 84, 320;
rule as to covering the mouth observed by newly initiated men in, iii.
122;
the Ngarigo tribe of, iii. 141, iv. 60;
aboriginal tribes of, mourning custom among the, iii. 182;
namesakes of the dead change their names in, iii. 355;
sacrifice of first-born children among the aborigines of, iv. 179 _sq._;
the aborigines of, their ideas as to the Pleiades, vii. 308;
the Wollaroi of, viii. 163;
fish invited to come and be caught among the aborigines of, viii. 312
_n._;
dread of women at menstruation in, x. 78;
the Wongh tribe of, xi. 227;
the drama of resurrection at initiation in, xi. 235 _sqq._

New vessels used for new fruits, viii. 81, 83

—— water at Easter, x. 123

—— World, bathing on St. John’s Day in the, v. 249;
All Souls’ Day in the, vi. 80;
Easter ceremonies in the, x. 127 _sq._;
magical virtue of plants at Midsummer in the, xi. 50 _sq._

—— yams, ceremonies at eating, viii. 53, 58 _sqq._, ix. 134 _sqq._;
festival of the, in West Africa, viii. 115 _sq._;
festival of the, in Tonga, viii. 128 _sqq._

—— Year, dated by the Pleiades, vii. 116, 310, 312, 315;
the Chinese, viii. 10;
expulsion of evils at the, ix. 127, 133, 149 _sq._, 155;
in Siam, ix. 149 _sq._;
not reckoned from first month, ix. 149 _n._ 2;
in Japan, ix. 154 _n._;
sham fight at the, ix. 184;
the Tibetan, ix. 197, 203, 218;
ceremony at the Tibetan, ix. 197 _sq._;
new fire made at the, x. 134 _sq._, 138, 140;
the Celtic, on November first, x. 224 _sq._;
the Fijian, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, xi. 244

—— Year festival in Laos, i. 251;
at Babylon, iv. 100, 115, ix. 356 _sqq._;
of the Kayans at the end of harvest, vii. 93, 96 _sq._, 98, 99;
among the Iroquois, ix. 127, 209 _sq._;
among the Tenggerese of Java, ix. 184;
among the Mohammedans in North Africa, x. 217 _sq._

—— Year’s Day, festival of the dead on, vi. 53, 55, 62, 65;
part of Christmas Boar given to cattle on, vii. 302;
festival of new yams among the Igbiras on, viii. 115;
at Onitsha, on the Niger, ix. 133;
among the Wotyaks, ix. 155;
in Corea, annual riddance of evil on, ix. 202;
in Tibet, ceremony on, ix. 203;
in Breadalbane, ix. 209;
among the Swahili, ix. 226 _n._ 1;
young women beat young men on, ix. 271;
of the Jewish calendar, ix. 359

—— Year’s Eve, divination by shadows on, iii. 88;
Highland custom of beating a man in a cow’s hide on, viii. 322;
in Corea, ix. 147;
“Shooting the Witches” on, ix. 164;
in Macedonia, ix. 320.
_See also_ St. Sylvester’s Day

—— Year’s Night, omens on, iv. 66 _sq._

—— Zealand, customs as to the navel-string in, i. 182;
fires in the forests of, ii. 256;
sanctity of chiefs in, iii. 134 _sqq._;
customs as to eating observed by chiefs in, iii. 138;
sacredness of chiefs’ blood in, iii. 248;
sacredness of chiefs’ heads in, iii. 256 _sq._;
customs at hair-cutting in, iii. 264 _sq._;
disposal of cut hair in, iii. 274;
magic use of spittle in, iii. 288;
names of chiefs not to be pronounced in, iii. 381;
Rotomahana in, v. 207, 209 _n._;
effect of contact with a sacred chief in, viii. 28;
eyes of slain chiefs swallowed by warriors in, viii. 153;
sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15;
human scapegoats in, ix. 39.
_See also_ Maori

Newars of Nepaul, their worship of frogs, i. 294 _sq._

Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, vi. 109 _n._ 1

Newman, Ch. L., on the human god of the Makalakas, i. 394 _n._ 3

Newman, J. H., on music, v. 53 _sq._

Newstead, Byron’s oak at, xi. 166

_Ngai_, Masai god, festivals of prayer in honour of, i. 344;
god of the Akikuyu, sheep and goats sacrificed to, ii. 44, iii. 204 _n._
3;
children of, ii. 150, v. 68

_Nganga_, medicine-man, among the Boloki, ix. 76;
“the Knowing Ones,” initiates, on the Congo, xi. 251

Ngarigo tribe of New South Wales, novices not allowed to touch food with
their hands in the, iii. 141 _sq._;
their belief as to falling stars, iv. 60;
ate the hands and feet of their foes, viii. 151

_Ngarong_, secret helper, of the Ibans of Borneo, xi. 224 _n._ 1

Ngoc hoang, in Annam, his message of immortality to men, ix. 303

Ngoio, a province of Congo, rule of succession to the chiefship in, iv.
118 _sq._

Ngoni, the, of British Central Africa, their fear of being photographed,
iii. 98;
their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82.
_See also_ Angoni

Ngumbu, of South Cameroons, their fire-drill, ii. 210

Nguôn So’n valley in Annam, iii. 155

Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe, vi. 188 _sq._

Nguu, district of German East Africa, ghost consulted as oracle in, xi.
312

Niam-Niam, the, of Central Africa, women the agricultural labourers among,
vii. 119

Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse, vi. 193

Nias, island of, magical ceremony to catch wild pigs in, i. 109;
homoeopathic magic at planting rice in, i. 143;
conception of the soul in, iii. 29;
recovery of lost souls in, iii. 64, 67;
taboos observed by hunters in, iii. 196;
superstition as to personal names among the natives of, iii. 323;
taboos observed during the hunting season in, iii. 410;
special language of hunters in, iii. 410;
special language employed by reapers in, iii. 410 _sq._;
custom of succession to the chieftain-ship in, iv. 198 _sq._;
mock human sacrifices at funerals in, iv. 216;
conduct of the natives of, in an earthquake, v. 201 _sq._;
head-hunting in, v. 296 _n._ 1;
division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124;
harvest custom in, vii. 233 _sq._;
the Pleiades observed in, vii. 315;
crops guarded against wild pigs in, viii. 32;
mode of diverting dangerous spirits from pregnant women in, viii. 102
_sq._;
first-fruits offered to ancestors in, viii. 124;
polite treatment of destructive ants in, viii. 276;
expulsion of demons in, ix. 113 _sqq._;
explanation of human mortality in, ix. 303;
story of the external soul told in, xi. 148;
ceremonies performed by candidates for the priesthood in, xi. 173 _sq._

Nias, the natives of, believe in demons of trees, ii. 33 _sq._;
their custom of bunging up the nose and mouth of corpses, iii. 31;
their fear of a rainbow, iii. 79;
their custom of scrubbing the things they buy, iii. 107

_Nibelungenlied_, the, Brunhild and Gunther in, ii. 306

Nicaragua, maize mixed with human blood eaten at festivals in, viii. 91
_sq._

——, Indians of, rules observed by them between sowing and harvest, ii.
105;
sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, v. 219;
their transference of weariness to heaps of stones, ix. 9

Niceros and the were-wolf, story of, x. 313 _sq._

Nicholas Bishop, the Boy Bishop elected on St. Nicholas’s Day, ix. 338

Nicholson, General, worshipped as a god in his life, i. 404

Nicholson, R. A., iii. 51 _n._

Nicknames used in order to avoid the use of the real names, iii. 321, 331

Nicobar Islanders reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353;
their annual expulsion of demons in little ships, ix. 201 _sq._

—— Islands, homoeopathic magic at sowing in the, i, 141;
pregnant woman used to fertilize the gardens in the, ii. 101;
customs as to shadows at burialsin the, iii. 80 _sq._;
rain attributed to wrath of spirits in the, iii. 231;
changes in the language of the, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii.
362 _sq._;
assumption of the names of dead grandparents in the, iii. 370;
demon of disease sent away in a boat from the, ix. 189 _sq._

Nicobarese mourners change their names and shave themselves for fear of
the ghost, iii. 357 _sq._;
their sham fights in honour of the dead, iv. 96 _sq._;
their belief in demons, ix. 88;
their ceremony of exorcism by means of pig’s blood and leaves, ix. 262

Nicolaus Damascenus on a bad king of Lydia, i. 366

Nicolson, Sheriff Alexander, on the last sheaf in the Highlands of
Scotland, vii. 164 _sq._

Nicosia, in Sicily, ceremonies to procure rain at, i. 300

Nidugala, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire-walk at, xi. 8

Niebuhr, B. G., on Servius Tullius, ii. 196 _n._;
on the list of Alban kings, ii. 269

Nieces, aunts named after their, iii. 332

Nieder-Lausitz, the Midsummer log in, xi. 92 _n._ 1

Niederehe, in the Eifel Mountains, Midsummer flowers at, xi. 48

Niederpöring in Bavaria, pretence of beheading Whitsuntide mummer at, iv.
206 _sq._

Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt,
vi. 216 _n._ 1

Nieuwenhuis, Dr. A. W., on the Kayan fear of being photographed, iii. 99;
on the fear of strangers among the Kayans of Borneo, iii. 104;
on the association of agriculture with religion among the Kayans, vii.
93;
on the Kayan fear of strangers at religious rites, vii. 94 _n._ 2;
on a Kayan masquerade, vii. 95;
on the New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 96 _sqq._;
on games as religious rites among the Kayans, vii. 97 _sqq._, 107;
on the masked dances of the Kayans, ix. 382 _sq._

Niger, the Bambaras of the, ii. 42;
Onitsha on the, ix. 133, 210;
use of human scapegoats on the, ix. 210 _sq._;
belief as to external human souls lodged in animals on the, xi. 209

——, the Lower, customs observed by executioners among tribes of, iii. 172
_n._ 1, viii. 155

Niger Delta, tests of the reincarnation of the dead in the, i. 411 _n._ 1;
deceiving the ghosts of women who died in childbed in the, viii. 98;
burial custom in the, viii. 98

Nigeria, the Tomas or Habes of, iii. 124;
natives of, loth to mention the owl by its proper name, iii. 401;
custom of putting kings to death in, iv. 34 _sq._

——, Northern, the Jukos of, viii. 160

——, Southern, chief as fetishman in, i. 349 _sq._;
trees inhabited by the spirits of the dead in, ii. 32;
disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 278;
the Ijebu tribe of, iv. 112;
the Ibo of, x. 4;
theory of the external soul in, xi. 150, 200, 203 _sqq._

Night, burial at, iii. 15;
King of the, at Porto Novo, iii. 23.
_See also_ Twelfth Night

Night-jars, the lives of women in, among the Wotjobaluk, xi. 215;
called women’s “sisters” among the Kulin, xi. 216

Nightingale, the flesh of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 154

Nights, custom of reckoning by, ix. 326 _n._ 2
_See also_ Twelve Nights

Nigmann, E., on the religion of the Wahehe, vi. 188 _sq._

_Nihongi_, a Japanese work, ix. 213

Nijegorod Government in Russia, smouldering faggots in stove not to be
broken up in the, ii. 232

Nikclerith, Neane, buries cow alive, x. 324 _sq._

Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, v. 108 _n._ 1

Nile, young virgin drowned as a sacrifice to the, ii. 151;
the rise and fall of the, vi. 30 _sqq._;
rises at the summer solstice in June, vi. 31 _n._ 1, 33;
commanded by the king of Egypt to rise, vi. 33;
thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, vi. 33;
gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, vi. 40;
the rise of, attributed to Serapis, vi. 216 _sq._

——, the Blue, custom as to kings of Fazoql on, iv. 16

——, the “Bride” of the, ii. 151, vi. 38

——, the Upper, medicine-men as chiefs among the tribes of, i. 345;
rain-makers on, i. 345 _sqq._;
Kings of the Rain on, ii. 2;
the Alur of, x. 64

——, the White, the Shilluk of, iv. 17;
tribes of, never shed human blood in their villages, iii. 246 _sq._;
the Dinka of, viii. 37, 114, ix. 193

Nilles, N., on the blessing of the herbs on August 15th, i. 15 _n._ 2

Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, v. 37 _n._ 2,
57 _n._ 1, 58 _n._ 2;
on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus Sosipolis at Magnesia, vi. 239 _n._
1, viii. 8 _n._ 2;
on “Bringing home the Maiden,” vii. 58 _n._ 1;
on the festival of the Threshing-floor at Eleusis, vii. 62 _n._ 6

_Nim_ tree, leaves of, as an amulet, iii. 234

Nimm, a river goddess of the Ekoi, ix. 28

Nine, ruptured child passed nine times on nine successive mornings through
a left ash-tree and attended by nine persons, xi. 170

—— bonfires on Midsummer Eve an omen of marriage, x. 174, 185, 189, 339

—— cows milked for king, iii. 292

—— different kinds of wood burnt in the Beltane fires, x. 155;
used for the Midsummer bonfires, x. 172, 201;
used to kindle need-fire, x. 271, 278, 280;
burnt in the need-fire, x. 278

—— fallen leaves in magic, i. 109

—— grains of oats in divination, x. 243

—— handfuls of each kind of grain at autumnal festival, viii. 49

—— knots in magic, iii. 302, 303, 304

—— leaps over Midsummer fire, x. 193

—— male animals of all sorts sacrificed at a festival held in Upsala every
nine years and lasting nine days, ii. 364 _sq._

—— men in purification of Orestes, i. 26;
employed to make fire by the friction of wood, x. 148, 155

—— ridges of earth brought from nine mountains in a magical ceremony
performed nine times, ix. 8;
ridges of ploughed land in divination, x. 235

—— skeins of red wool in magic, iii. 307

—— sorts of flowers on Midsummer Eve, to dream on, x. 175, xi. 52;
gathered for purposes of divination or medicine on Midsummer Eve, xi. 52
_sq._

—— stalks of rice in bunches to make up the Rice Mother, vii. 195

—— times to crawl under a bramble as a cure, xi. 180

—— times nine men make need-fire, x. 289, 294, 295

—— (thrice three) times passed through a girth of woodbine, xi. 184;
passed through a holed stone, xi. 187

—— turns round a rick, x. 243

—— waves, tops of, thrown on patient’s head, xi. 186 _sq._

Nineteen years’ cycle of Meton, vii. 81 _n._ 3

Nineveh, capital of Assyria, ii. 130;
the end of, v. 174;
tomb of Sardanapalus at, ix. 388 _n._ 1;
the burning of Sandan at, ix. 390

Ningu, the paramour of Tiamat, tablets of destiny wrested from, iv. 110

Ninus, Assyrian hero, ix. 391

Nirriti, goddess of evil, in Brahman ritual, ix. 25

Nirvana, Buddhist monks seek to attain, through voluntary death by fire,
iv. 42

Nisan, a Jewish month, vii. 259 _n._ 1, ix. 356, 361, 415

Nishga Indians of British Columbia, their use of effigies as substitutes
to save the lives of people, viii. 106 _sq._

Nishinam Indians of California, ceremony performed by childless women
among the, i. 70 _sq._;
secrecy of personal names among the, iii. 326;
husbands never call their wives by name among the, iii. 338

Niska Indians of British Columbia, their cannibal rites, vi. 20;
rites of initiation among the, xi. 271 _sq._

Nisus and his purple or golden hair, story of, xi. 103

Niué or Savage Island, iv. 219.
_See_ Savage Island

Njamus, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices of sheep at
irrigation channels, vi. 38 _sq._

_Nkimba_, secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 255 _n._ 1

_No_, annual expulsion of demons in China, ix. 145 _sq._

_Noa_, common, opposed to _tapu_, sacred, iii. 109

Noah’s ark, i. 334

Nobosohpoh, a Khasi state, two royal families in, ii. 295

Nocturnal creatures the sex totems of men and women, xi. 217 _n._ 4

Noessa Laut, East Indian island, fishermen’s magic in, i. 109;
hunter’s magic in, i. 114;
treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187

Nograd-Ludany, in Hungary, Midsummer fires at, x. 179

Noguès, J. L. M., on the wonderful herbs of St. John’s Eve, xi. 45

Noises made to expel demons, ix. 109 _sqq._, 147

Nöldeke, Professor Th., on the sacrifice of the first-born, iv. 179 _n._
4;
on Purim and Esther, ix. 366 _sq._, 367 _n._ 1, 368 _n._;
on proposed derivation of some names in the Book of Esther, ix. 368
_n._;
on Omanos and Anadates, ix. 373 _n._ 1

Nomarchs in Egypt originally worshipped as gods, i. 390 _n._ 1

_Nonae Caprotinae_, Roman celebration of the, ii. 313 _sq._, ix. 258

Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, vii. 12 _sq._

Noon, fear to lose the shadow at, iii. 87;
sacrifices to the dead at, iii. 88;
superstitious dread of, iii. 88

Noose, sun caught in a, i. 316

Nootka Indians of British Columbia, superstitions as to twins among the,
i. 263 _sq._;
their idea of the soul, iii. 27;
their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 _n._;
seclusion of girls at puberty among the, iii. 146 _n._ 1, x. 43 _sq._;
their preparation for war, iii. 160 _sq._;
their custom of devouring dogs, vii. 20;
their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225;
their fear of offending fish, viii. 251;
ritual of death and resurrection among the, xi. 270 _sq._

Nootka Sound, the Indians of, their preparation for whaling, iii. 191

—— wizard, his magic to procure fish, i. 108

Nord, the department of, giants at Shrove Tuesday in, xi. 35

Norden, E., on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 _n._ 3

Nördlingen, in Bavaria, last thresher wrapt in straw at, vii. 221 _sq._;
strangers tied up in sheaves at harvest at, vii. 225;
saying as to wind in corn at, vii. 296

Nore, A. de, on the Yule log in France, x. 250 _sq._, 253

Norfolk, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
use of orpine for divination in, xi. 61 _n._ 4

Norman peasants gather seven kinds of plants on St. John’s Day, xi. 51
_sq._

Normandy, rain-producing spring in, i. 301;
Burial of Shrove Tuesday in, iv. 228;
rolling in dew on St. John’s Day in, v. 248;
pretence of tying up landowner in last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 226;
the quail at harvest in, vii. 295;
the Bocage of, vii. 295, ix. 183 _sq._, 316, 323;
Midsummer fires in, x. 185 _sq._;
the Yule log in, x. 252;
torchlight processions on Christmas Eve in, x. 266;
processions with torches on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, x. 340;
wonderful herbs and flowers gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 46;
wreaths of mugwort a protection against thunder and thieves in, xi. 59;
vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62

Norrland, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 172

Norse legends as to eating hearts of wolf, bear, and dragon, viii. 146

—— stories of the external soul, xi. 119 _sq._

—— trinities, ii. 364

Norsemen, their custom of wounding the dying, iv. 13 _sq._

North Africa, festivals of swinging in, iv. 284;
Midsummer festival of fire and water among the Mohammedans of, v. 249,
x. 213 _sqq._

North American Indian theory of brandy, viii. 147

—— American Indians, their exorcism of strangers, iii. 105;
their dread of menstruous women, iii. 145;
their customs on the war-path, iii. 158 _sqq._;
ceremonies observed by manslayers among the, iii. 181 _sqq._;
their chastity before hunting, iii. 197 _sqq._;
their theory of names, iii. 318 _sq._;
personal names kept secret among the, iii. 325 _sq._;
namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 356;
tell their mythic tales only in winter, iii. 385 _sq._;
their funeral celebrations, iv. 97;
their firm belief in immortality, iv. 137;
the Corn Woman among the, vii. 177;
their theory of the lower animals, viii. 205 _sq._;
their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 217 _sqq._;
their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220 _sq._;
their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 224 _sqq._;
their ceremonious treatment of dangerous animals, viii. 237;
their belief that each species of animals has its patron or genius,
viii. 243 _sq._;
may not break the bones of the animals they eat at feasts, viii. 258
_n._ 2;
their reluctance to let dogs gnaw the bones of animals, viii. 259;
revere their totem animals, viii. 311;
their personal totems, xi. 222 _n._ 5, 226 _n._ 1.
_See also_ America _and_ American Indians

—— Berwick, Satan preaches at, xi. 158

—— -West America, Indians of, do not speak of a person till his bones are
finally disposed of, iii. 372

—— -Western Provinces of India, gods shut up in wood in the, ix. 61;
the tug-of-war in the, ix. 181.
_See also_ India

Northampton, May garlands in, ii. 60 _sq._

Northamptonshire, May-trees in, ii. 59 _sq._;
May carols in, ii. 61 _n._ 1;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
cure for cough in, ix. 51;
sacrifice of a calf in, x. 300

Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the,
v. 103 _sq._

Northumberland, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 168;
the Borewell, near Bingfield in, ii. 161;
child’s first nail-parings buried under an ash-tree in, iii. 276;
the _mell_ sheaf in, vii. 151;
Midsummer fires in, x. 197 _sq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 245;
the Yule log in, x. 256;
need-fire in, x. 288 _sq._;
ox burnt alive in, to stop a murrain, x. 301

Nortia, Etruscan goddess, ix. 67

Norton Sound, the small sculpin of, i. 288

Norway, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54;
the Whitsuntide Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92;
buried timber in the peat-bogs of, ii. 352;
nail-parings burnt or buried for fear of elves in, iii. 283;
the Pea-mother in, vii. 132;
the Old Hayman killed at haymaking in, vii. 223;
harvest customs in, vii. 225, 282;
“Killing the Hare” at harvest in, vii. 280;
belief as to eating flesh of white snake in, viii. 146;
cairns in, ix. 14;
bonfires on Midsummer Eve in, x. 171;
the need-fire in, x. 280;
superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, xi. 281

Norwegian sailors, their use of rowan, ix. 267

—— witch sinks ship, i. 326

Norwich, greasing the weapon instead of the wound at, i. 203

—— Cathedral, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337;
Easter candle in, x. 122 _n._

Nose stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31, 71

Nose-boring, custom observed by medicine-men at, in New South Wales, i. 94

Nostrils, soul supposed to escape by the, iii. 30, 32, 33, 122

Nosy Be, an island of Madagascar, worshipful black bull kept in, viii. 40
_n._

Nottinghamshire, harvesters drenched with water in, v. 238 _n._;
Plough Monday in, viii. 330 _n._ 1;
the Hemlock Stone in, x. 157

_Nouer l’aiguilette_, spells cast on man and wife, x. 346 _n._ 2

Nouzon, in the Ardennes, the Yule log at, x. 253

Novelties, the savage distrust of, iii. 230 _sqq._

November, festivals of the dead in, vi. 51, 54, 69 _sqq._;
the month of sowing in Egypt, vi. 94;
annual ceremony at catching sea-slug in, ix. 143;
expulsion of demons in, ix. 204

—— the 1st, All Saints’ Day, vi. 70 _sq._, 77, 82, 83, x. 225;
old New Year’s Day in the Isle of Man, x. 224 _sq._

—— the 2nd, All Souls’ Day, vi. 69, 70 _sq._, 81

Novgorod, image of Perun at, ii. 365;
perpetual fire of oak-wood at, ii. 365

Novices at initiation, taboos observed by, iii. 141 _sq._, 156 _sq._;
supposed to be swallowed and disgorged by a spirit or monster, xi. 235,
240 _sq._, 242, 246;
supposed to be newly born, xi. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262 _sq._;
begotten anew, xi. 248;
at initiation killed as men and brought to life as animals, xi. 272

Novitiate of priests and priestesses, v. 66, 68

Nuba negroes, office of rain-maker among the, ii. 3

Nubas, the, of Jebel-Nuba, taboos observed by women in the absence of
their husbands among, i. 122;
will not cut a certain thorn-tree during the rainy season, ii. 49 _n._
3;
their priestly king, iii. 132;
their customs at millet-harvest, viii. 114

Nuehr, a pastoral tribe of the Upper Nile, their reverence for their
cattle, viii. 39

Nufoors of Dutch New Guinea unwilling to mention their names, iii. 329;
and the names of their relations by marriage, iii. 332, 341 _sq._;
taboo observed by them at sea, iii. 415

Nulit language in Victoria, iii. 110

Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, v.
101

Numa, an adept in drawing down lightning, ii. 181;
as Flamen Dialis, ii. 192;
builds the temple of Vesta, ii. 200 _sq._;
his sons, ii. 270 _n._ 3;
a Sabine of Cures, ii. 270 _n._ 6;
a priestly king, ii. 289;
born on the day of the Parilia, April 21st, ii. 325, 329

—— and Egeria, i. 18, ii. 172 _sq._, 193, 380

Numa’s birthday, ii. 325, 348;
“Numa’s crockery,” ii. 202

Numbering the herds on St. George’s Day, ii. 338

Numicius, the river, ii. 181

Nuns of St. Brigit, at Kildare, ii. 240 _sq._

Nuremberg, the “Carrying out of Death” at, iv. 234

Nurin, a mythical maiden in a rain-making ceremony, i. 275 _sq._

_Nurtunjas_, sacred poles among the Arunta, xi. 219

Nusku, Egyptian fire-god, i. 67

Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, v. 283 _n._ 3, vi. 6, 16, ix.
341;
in a sycamore tree, vi. 110

Nut-trees, foreskins placed in, i. 95 _n._ 3

—— -water brewed at Midsummer, xi. 47

Nutlets of pines used as food, v. 278 _n._ 2

Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, vi. 226

Nuts passed across Midsummer fires, x. 190;
in fire, divination by, at Hallowe’en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245

Nyadiri, river in Mashonaland, iii. 9

Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18 _sqq._;
the shrines of, iv. 19;
as rain-giver, iv. 19, 20;
worshipped as the god of his people, vi. 162 _sqq._;
incarnate in various animals, vi. 163 _sq._;
his mysterious disappearance, vi. 163;
his graves, vi. 163, 166;
historical reality of, vi. 164, 166 _sq._;
his relation to the creator Juok, vi. 164 _sq._;
compared to Osiris, vi. 167

Nyalich, synonym for Dengdit, the name of the Supreme Being of the Dinka,
viii. 40 _n._

Nyanja chief vulnerable by a sand-bullet, xi. 314

—— -speaking tribes of British Central Africa, their belief that
skin-disease is caused by eating the totem, viii. 26;
of Angoniland, their customs as to girls at puberty, x. 25 _sq._

Nyanza, Lake, incarnate human god of, i. 395

——, Lake Victoria, vii. 118

Nyanza region, kings banished for drought in the, i. 353

Nyassa, Lake, iii. 97, viii. 99, 112, ix. 10, x. 28, 81;
people to the east of, crawl through an arch as a precaution against
sickness, evil spirits, etc., xi. 181

Nyassa-Tanganyika plateau, custom of carriers to deposit stones on heaps
in the, ix. 10 _sq._

Nyassaland, women will not name their husbands in, iii. 336

_Nyeledit_, the Supreme Being of the Nuehr, viii. 39

Nyikpla or Nyigbla, a negro divinity, associated with falling stars, iv.
61, viii. 45

Nymphs of oaks at Rome, ii. 172, 185;
of the Fair Crowns at Olympia, vi. 240

Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, v. 205, 206 _n._ 1;
sacrifice of bull at, v. 292 _n._ 3

Nyuak, L., on guardian spirits of Sea Dyaks, v. 83