Chapter XXXII: Part 32

Ray-fish, cure for wound inflicted by a, i. 98 _n._ 1

Raymi, a festival of the summer solstice, among the Incas of Peru, x. 132

Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, vi. 91 _sqq._

Reaper of the last sheaf, called the Wolf, vii. 273;
called Goat, Corn-goat, Oats-goat, or Rye-goat, vii. 283;
called the Cow, Barley-cow, or Oats-cow, vii. 289

Reapers, special language or words employed by, iii. 410 _sq._, 411 _sq._,
vii. 193;
contests between, vii. 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 _sqq._, 164
_sq._, 219, 253;
throw their sickles at the last standing corn, vii. 136, 142, 144, 153,
154 _sq._, 155 _n._ 1, 267, 268, 279, 296;
blindfolded, vii. 144, 153 _sq._;
pretend to mow down visitors to harvest-field, vii. 229 _sq._;
of rice use a special form of speech in order to deceive the
rice-spirit, vii. 184;
cries of, vii. 263 _sqq._;
their remedies for pains in the back, vii. 285;
race of, to last corn, vii. 291;
throw sickles blindfold at last sheaf, xi. 279 _n._ 4

——, Egyptian, their lamentations, v. 232, vi. 45, vii. 261, 263;
invoke Isis, vi. 117

Reaping, tug-of-war at, ii. 100;
Indonesian mode of, vii. 181 _sq._, 184;
contests in, vii. 218 _sqq._;
pains in back at, vii. 285;
girdle of rye a preventive of weariness in, x. 190

Reaping-match of Lityerses, vii. 217

Reaping rice, homoeopathic magic at, i. 139 _sq._

Reasoning, definite, at the base of savage custom, iii. 420 _n._ 1

Reay, in Sutherland, the need-fire at, x. 294 _sq._

Rebirth from a golden cow, ceremony of, iii. 113;
of ancestors in their descendants, iii. 368 _sq._;
of a father in his son, iv. 188 _sqq._;
of the parent in the child, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression);
of infants, means taken to ensure the, v. 91, 93 _sqq._;
of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 _sq._
_See also_ Birth

—— of the dead, according to Pindar, iv. 70, vii. 84;
precautions taken to prevent, v. 92 _sq._
_See also_ Reincarnation

Recall of the soul, iii. 30 _sqq._

Reckoning intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of, iv. 59 _n._ 1

Red, bodies of manslayers painted, iii. 175, 179;
faces of manslayers painted, iii. 185, 186 _n._ 1;
the colour of Lower Egypt, vi. 21 _n._ 1;
girl’s face painted red at puberty, x. 49 _sq._, 54;
women at menstruation painted, x. 78

—— and black, faces of bear-hunters painted, viii. 226;
effigy of snake painted, viii. 316

—— and white, manslayers painted, iii. 186 _n._ 1;
leopard-hunters painted, viii. 230;
girls at puberty painted, x. 35, 38, 39, 40;
women at menstruation painted, x. 78

—— and yellow paint on human victim to represent colours of maize, vii.
261, ix. 285

Red Altar, the, on Snowdon, i. 307

—— colour in magic, i. 79, 81, 83

—— earth or paint smeared on girls at puberty, x. 30, 31

—— feathers of parrot worn as a protection against a ghost, iii. 186 _n._
1

—— -haired men sacrificed by ancient Egyptians, vi. 97, 106, vii. 260,
261, 263, viii. 34

—— -haired puppies sacrificed by the Romans, vii. 261, viii. 34

—— horse sacrificed as a purification of the land by the Battas, ix. 213

—— -hot iron chain, passing persons possessed by evil spirits through a,
xi. 186

Red Island, Torres Straits, seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 39 _sq._

—— Karens of Burma, their festival in April, ii. 69 _sq._

—— ochre round a woman’s mouth, mark of menstruation, x. 77

—— oxen sacrificed by ancient Egyptians, viii. 34

—— sealing-wax a cure for St. Anthony’s fire, i. 81

—— thread in popular cure, ix. 55

—— wool in magic, iii. 307

—— woollen threads, a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336

Reddening the faces of gods, custom of, ii. 175 _sq._

Reddis or Kapus in the Madras Presidency, their women procure rain bymeans
of frogs, i. 294

Redemption of firstling men and asses among the Hebrews, iv. 173;
from the fire in Lent, x. 110

Reed, W. A., on the religion of the Negritos, ix. 82;
on a superstition as to a parasitic plant in the Philippines, xi. 282
_n._ 1

Reed, split, used in Roman cure for dislocation, xi. 177

Reef, plain of, in Tiree, witch as black sheep on the, x. 316

Reef Islands, avoidance of relations by marriage in, iii. 344;
ceremony at eating the new fruits in the, viii. 52 _sq._

Reflection, the soul identified with the, iii. 92 _sqq._

Reflections in water or mirrors, supposed dangers of, iii. 93 _sq._

Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, v. 24 _sq._

Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, v. 25

Refuse of food burnt by magician to cause disease, i. 341;
magic wrought by means of, iii. 126 _sqq._

Regaby, in the Isle of Man, November 1st as New Year’s Day at, x. 224

Regalia propitiated with prayer and sacrifice, i. 363;
carried to battle, i. 363;
smeared with blood, i. 363;
treated as fetishes, i. 363;
employed as instruments of divination, i. 365;
regarded as a palladium, i. 365;
sanctity of, in Celebes, iv. 202

—— of Malay kings regarded as powerful talismans, i. 362 _sqq._;
supernatural powers of, i. 398

Regeneration from a golden cow, ceremony of, iii. 113

Regia, the king’s palace at Rome, ii. 201, 228

Regicide among the Slavs, iv. 52;
modified custom of, iv. 148

_Regifugium_ at Rome, ii. 290, iv. 213;
perhaps a relic of a contest for the kingdom, ii. 308 _sqq._

Regillus, appearance of Castor and Pollux at the battle of Lake, i. 50

_Regina nemorum_, an epithet of Diana, i. 40 _n._ 3

Regnitz, the River, puppets representing Death thrown into, iv. 234

Rehoboam, King, his family, v. 51 _n._ 2

Reichenbach, in Silesia, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 138

Reinach, Salomon, on Hippolytus, i. 27 _n._ 6;
on prehistoric cave-paintings, i. 87 _n._ 1;
on Greek custom of carrying infants round the hearth, ii. 232 _n._ 2;
on virgin priestesses among the Celts, ii. 241 _n._ 1;
on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 _n._ 2;
on the benefits of a thrashing, ix. 264 _n._ 2;
on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 _n._ 1

Reincarnation, belief of the aboriginal Australians in, i. 96, 99 _sq._,
v. 99 _sqq._;
the initiatory rites of the Australians perhaps intended to ensure, i.
101, 106;
certain funeral rites perhaps intended to ensure, i. 101 _sqq._;
of ancestors in their descendants, iii. 368 _sqq._;
of human souls, belief in, a motive for infanticide, iv. 188 _sq._;
of animals, viii. 247, 249, 250

—— of the dead, iii. 365 _sqq._, v. 82 _sqq._;
in newly born infants, i. 103 _sqq._;
in America, iii. 365 _sqq._, v. 91;
in Australia, v. 99 _sqq._
_See also_ Rebirth

Reindeer, blood of, smeared on fire-boards, ii. 225;
protected by sacred fire-boards, ii. 225;
taboos concerning, iii. 208;
propitiation of the spirit who controls the, viii. 245 _sq._;
dogs not allowed to gnaw the leg-bones of, viii. 246;
sacrificed to the dead, xi. 178

Reinegg, J., on a sacrament of the Abchases, viii. 312 _n._ 1

Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, O. Frh. von, on the Yule log, x. 249

_Reipus_, payment made on the remarriage of a widow in Salic law, ii. 286
_n._ 1

Reiskius, Joh., on the need-fire, x. 271 _sq._

Rekub-el, Syrian god, v. 16

Relations, names of, tabooed, iii. 335 _sqq._;
of the dead take new names for fear of the ghost, iii. 356 _sqq._;
spirits of near dead, worshipped, v. 175, 176;
at death become gods, vi. 180

Relationship, terms of, used as terms of address, iii. 324 _sq._;
classificatory system of, xi. 234 _n._ 1, 314 _n._ 4

Release of prisoners at festivals, iii. 316

Relics of dead princes preserved as regalia, i. 363;
of tree-worship in modern Europe, ii. 59 _sqq._;
corporeal, of dead kings confer right to throne, iv. 202

Relief, archaic Greek, at Nemi, i. 11 _n._ 1

Religion defined, i. 222;
two elements of, a theoretical and a practical, i. 222 _sq._;
opposed in principle to science, i. 224;
transition from magic to, i. 237 _sqq._, ii. 376 _sq._;
combined with magic, i. 347;
passage of animism into, iii. 213;
volcanic, v. 188 _sqq._;
how influenced by mother-kin, vi. 202 _sqq._;
influenced by agriculture, vii. 93, 108;
movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304
_sq._

——, the Age of, iv. 2

—— and magic, i. 220-243, 250, 285, 286, 347, ii. 376 _sq._;
Hegel on, i. 423 _sqq._;
combination of, v. 4

—— and music, v. 53 _sq._

Religions, the great historical, less permanent than the belief in magic
and witch-craft, in ghosts and goblins, ix. 89 _sq._

Religious associations among the Indians of North America, xi. 266 _sqq._

—— dramas sometimes originate in magical rites, ii. 142 _sq._

—— ideals a product of the male imagination, vi. 211

—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, vi. 159 _sq._

Reluctance to accept sovereignty on account of taboos attached to it, iii.
17 _sqq._

Remedies, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14

Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, v. 299

Remnants of food buried as a precaution against sorcery, iii. 118, 119,
127 _sq._, 129

Remon branch of the Ijebu tribe, chief of the, formerly killed after a
rule of three years, iv. 112 _sq._

Remulus, ii. 180.
_See_ Romulus

Remus and Romulus, the birth of, vi. 235.
_See_ Romulus

Renan, Ernest, on the danger underlying civilization, i. 236 _n._ 1;
on Tammuz and Adonis, v. 6 _n._ 1;
his excavations at Byblus, v. 14 _n._ 1;
on Adommelech, v. 17;
on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29 _n._;
on the burnings for the kings of Judah, v. 178 _n._ 1;
on the discoloration of the river Adonis, v. 225 _n._ 4;
on the worship of Adonis, v. 235;
on custom of sticking pins into a saint’s statue, ix. 70

Renewal, annual, of king’s power at Babylon, iv. 113, 115, ix. 356, 358

—— of fire, annual, in China, x. 137.
_See also_ Fire

Rengen, in the Eifel Mountains, Midsummer flowers at, xi. 48

Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on the divinity of Egyptian kings, i. 418; on
Osiris as the sun, vi. 126

Representative of tree-spirit clad in leaves and blossoms, ii. 75, 76, 79
_sqq._

Reproductive powers, beating people to stimulate their, ix. 272

Reptile clan of the Omaha Indians, their belief as to the effect of
touching a snake, viii. 29

Repulsion and attraction, forces of, viii. 303 _sqq._

Resemblance of children to their parents, how explained by savages, i.
104;
of child to father, supposed danger of, iii. 88 _sq._, iv. 287 (288, in
Second Impression);
of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, v. 254 _sqq._, 306

Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic
counterfeits, v. 302, 309 _sq._

Reshef, Semitic god, v. 16 _n._ 1

Resoliss, parish of, in Ross-shire, burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301
_sq._

Rest for three days, compulsory, among the Esquimaux after the capture of
a ground seal, walrus, or whale, viii. 246

Resurrection, cut hair and nails kept for use at the, iii. 279 _sq._;
of the god, iv. 212, vii. 1, 12, 14, 15, ix. 400;
of the tree-spirit, iv. 212;
of a god in the hunting, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society,
iv. 221;
enacted in Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies, iv. 233;
of the gods, viii. 16;
of animals, viii. 200 _sq._, 256 _sqq._;
of fish, viii. 250, 254;
bones of men preserved for the, viii. 259;
in popular tales, viii. 263 _sq._;
the divine, in Mexican ritual, ix. 288, 296, 302;
of Semitic gods, ix. 398;
of Eabani, ix. 399;
ritual of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 _sqq._

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, v. 272 _sq._, 307 _sq._

—— of the Carnival, iv. 252

—— of the dead effected by giving their names to living persons, iii. 365
_sqq._;
conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, vi. 15 _sq._

—— of the effigy of Death, iv. 247 _sqq._

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), v. 111 _sq._

—— of Kostrubonko at Eastertide, iv. 261

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, vi. 85;
depicted on the monuments, vi. 89 _sq._;
date of its celebration at Rome, vi. 95 _n._ 1;
symbolized by the setting up of the _ded_ pillar, vi. 109

Resurrection of Tylon, v. 186 _sq._

—— of the Wild Man, iv. 252

Retaliation in Southern India, law of, iv. 141 _sq._

Retoroños, the, of Bolivia, ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii.
157

Reuzes, wicker giants in Brabant and Flanders, xi. 35

Revelry at Purim, ix. 363 _sq._

Revels, Master of the, at the English court, ix. 333 _sq._

Revenge, suicide as a mode of, iv. 141

Revin, Midsummer fires at, x. 188

Revolution, social, from democracy to despotism, i. 371

Revolve from left to right, small fir-trees made to, on Midsummer Day, ii.
66

Revolving image, viii. 322 _n._

_Rex Nemorensis_, the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 11

_Rhamnus catharticus_, buckthorn, used as a protection against witches,
ix. 153 _n._ 1

Rhea and Cronus, iv. 194, ix. 351

Rhegium in Italy, founded in consequence of a vow to Apollo, iv. 187 _n._
5

Rhenish Prussia, Lenten fires in, x. 115

Rhetra, religious capital of the Western Slavs, inspired priest at, i. 383

Rheumatism in homoeopathic magic, i. 155;
ascribed to magic, i. 207 _sq._, 213;
popular remedy for, by means of pepper, iii. 106;
popular remedy for, by means of bees, iii. 106 _n._ 2;
crawling under a bramble as a cure for, xi. 180

Rhine, dramatic contest between Winter and Summer on the middle, iv. 254;
bathing in the, on St. John’s Eve, v. 248

——, the Lower, need-fire on, x. 278;
St. John’s wort on Midsummer Day on, xi. 54

Rhinoceros’ horn and hide, shavings of, swallowed by warriors to make them
strong, viii. 143

Rhinoceros hunters not allowed to wash, i. 115

Rhinoceroses, souls of the dead transmigrate into, iv. 85

Rhins, J. L. Dutreuil de, on ceremony of beating an effigy of an ox in
spring at Kashgar, viii. 13

Rhodes, Lindus in, i. 281;
the Telchines of, i. 310;
rolling on the grass on St. George’s morning in, ii. 333;
human sacrifices to Baal in, iv. 195;
described by Strabo, v. 195 _n._ 3;
worship of Helen in, v. 292

Rhodesia, the Winamwanga of, viii. 112, xi. 297;
the Yombe of, viii. 112;
the Wemba of, viii. 158;
the Awemba of, viii. 272 _sq._

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral
spirits, vi. 174 _sqq._;
their worship of dead chiefs or kings, vi. 191 _sqq._

Rhodians worship the sun, i. 315;
dedicate chariot and horses to the sun, i. 315, 316, viii. 45;
the Venetians of antiquity, v. 195;
their annual sacrifice of a man to Cronus, ix. 353 _sq._, 397

_Rhodomyrtus tomentosus_, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8

Rhön Mountains, Lenten custom in the, x. 117

Rhyndacos, the river, boundary of Bithynia, ix. 421 _n._ 1

Rhys, Professor Sir John, on Coligny calendar, i. 17 _n._ 2, ix. 343 _n._;
on the relation of Irish Druidism to Christianity, ii. 363;
as to _The Book of Rights_, iii. 12 _n._ 2;
on personal names, iii. 319;
on Lammas, iv. 101;
on custom of sticking pins in a saint’s statue, ix. 70 _sq._;
on Beltane fires, x. 157;
on driving cattle through fires, x. 159;
on old New Year’s Day in the Isle of Man, x. 224;
on Hallowe’en bonfires in Wales, x. 239 _sq._;
on burnt sacrifices in the Isle of Man, x. 305 _sqq._;
on alleged Welsh name for mistletoe, xi. 286 _n._ 3

Riabba, in Fernando Po, residence of the native king, iii. 8

Ribald jests at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38

—— songs in rain-charm, i. 267

Ribble, Hallowe’en cakes on the banks of the, x. 245

Ribhus, Vedic genii of the seasons, ix. 325

Ribwort gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49

Ricci, S. de, on the Coligny calendar, ix. 343 _n._

Rice, homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 136;
homoeopathic magic at reaping, i. 139 _sq._;
charm to make rice grow, i. 140;
homoeopathic magic at planting, i. 143;
in bloom treated like pregnant woman, ii. 28 _sq._, vii. 183 _sq._;
chastity at sowing, ii. 106;
used to attract the soul conceived as a bird, iii. 34 _sqq._, 45 _sqq._;
strewn on bridegroom’s head, iii. 35;
used to attract wandering souls, iii. 62;
used in exorcism, iii. 106;
in water, divination by, iii. 368;
special language employed at harvest in order not to frighten the spirit
of the, iii. 412;
Dyak story as to the first planting of, iv. 127 _sq._;
cultivated in Assam, vii. 123;
cultivated in New Guinea, vii. 123;
the first rice cut, ceremony at bringing home, vii. 185 _sq._;
spirituous liquor distilled from, vii. 242;
spirits that cause the growth of, thought to be in goat form, vii. 288;
“eating the soul of the rice,” viii. 54;
the first, sowed and reaped by priest, viii. 54;
the new, ceremonies at eating the, viii. 54 _sqq._

Rice (paddy), Father and Mother of the, among the Szis of Burma, vii. 203
_sq._

——, Rajah or King of the, in Mandeling (Sumatra), vii. 197

——, soul of, vii. 180 _sqq._;
not to be frightened, iii. 412;
in the first sheaf cut, vi. 239;
as bird, vii. 182 _n._ 1;
caught or detained, vii. 184 _sqq._;
recalled, vii. 189 _sq._;
in a blue bird, vii. 295

Rice barn, homoeopathic magic at building a, i. 140

—— -bride and -bridegroom, marriage of, at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 199
_sq._

—— -cakes, sacrificial, as substitutes for human beings, viii. 89;
mystically transformed into bodies of men by manipulation of priest,
viii. 89

—— -child at harvest in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 _sqq._

—— -ears, the young, fed like children, ii. 29

—— -fields, sacred, among the Kayans, vii. 93, 108

—— -goddess in Lombok, vii. 202

—— -harvest, special language employed by reapers at, iii. 410 _sq._, 411
_sq._;
marriage ceremony in Java at, vii. 199 _sq._;
ceremony of the Horse at, viii. 337 _sqq._;
carnival at the, ix. 226 _n._ 1

—— -mother in the East Indies, vii. 180 _sqq._;
A. C. Kruyt on the, vii. 183 _n._ 1;
among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra, vii. 191 _sqq._;
in the Malay Peninsula, vii. 197 _sqq._

—— -sieve, infant at birth placed in, vii. 8

—— -spirit conceived as husband and wife, vii. 201 _sqq._

Richalm, Abbot, his fear of devils, ix. 105 _sq._

Richard Cœur-de-Lion at Rouen, ii. 164, 165

Richter, O., on the valley of Egeria, i. 18 _n._ 4

Rickard, R. H., on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 34

Rickets, children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for, xi. 168;
children passed through cleft oaks as a cure for, xi. 170;
children passed through a holed stone as a cure for, xi. 187

Rickety children passed through a natural wooden ring, xi. 184

Riddles in rain-making ceremony, iii. 154;
asked while the people watch the crops in the fields, vii. 194;
asked at certain seasons or on certain occasions, ix. 121 _n._ 3

“Ride of the Beardless One,” a Persian New Year ceremony, ix. 402 _sq._

Ridgeway, Professor William, as to Homeric kings, i. 366 _n._ 3;
on a Whitsuntide custom, ii. 103 _n._ 3;
on the magical virtue of iron, iii. 230 _n._ 7;
on the marriage of brothers and sisters, vi. 216 _n._ 1;
on the Thracian Carnival ceremonies, vii. 29 _n._ 2;
on the marriage of Zeus and Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 65;
on Dionysus Bassareus, viii. 282 _n._ 5;
on Lycaean Zeus, ix. 353 _n._ 4;
on the origin of Greek tragedy, ix. 384 _n._ 2

Ridley, Rev. W., on the annual expulsion of ghosts in Australia, ix. 23
_sq._

Riedel, J. G. F., on the belief in the spirits of the dead in Timor, ix.
85;
on the Kakian association in Ceram, xi. 249

Rif, province of Morocco, Midsummer fires in, x. 214 _n._, 215;
bathing at Midsummer in, x. 216

Rig Veda, hymn about frogs in the, i. 294;
hymns of the, in honour of Parjanya, ii. 368 _sq._;
on the slaying of Vṛtra by Indra, iv. 106 _sq._;
the sun called “the golden swing in the sky” in the, iv. 279;
story of creation in the, ix. 410;
how Indra cured Apala in the, xi. 193

Riga, Midsummer festival at, x. 177

Right foot foremost, iii. 189, vii. 203

—— hand, luckiness of the, x. 151 _n._

—— -hand turn (_deiseal_, _dessil_) in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 150
_n._ 1, 154

—— shoe of bridegroom to be untied, iii. 300 _n._ 2

Ring, golden, worn as a charm, i. 137;
broken, iii. 13;
on ankle as badge of office, iii. 15;
competition for, at harvest supper, vii. 160;
suspended in Purim bonfire, ix. 393;
divination by a, x. 237;
crawling through a, as a cure or preventive of disease, xi. 184 _sqq._;
worn by initiates as token of the new birth, xi. 257.
_See also_ Rings

Ringhorn, Balder’s ship, x. 102

Ringing church bells on Midsummer Eve, custom as to, xi. 47 _sq._
_See also_ Bells

“—— out the grass,” ii. 344

Rings used to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31;
as spiritual fetters, iii. 313 _sq._;
as amulets, iii. 235, 314 _sqq._, x. 92;
not to be worn, iii. 314;
not to be worn in the sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46;
head-ache transferred to, ix. 2;
mourners creep through, xi. 178, 179.
_See also_ Ring

Rings and knots tabooed, iii. 293 _sqq._

Rio de Janeiro, ordeal of girls at puberty among the Indians about, x. 59

—— Enivra, the Tauaré Indians of, viii. 157

—— Grande in Brazil, the Carayahis, Indian tribe on the, iii. 348

—— Negro in Brazil, ashes of the dead drunk by Indians of the, viii. 157;
ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, x. 63

Risley, Sir Herbert H., on Indian fire-walk, xi. 5 _n._ 3

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, vi. 33 _sqq._;
of sowing, vi. 40 _sqq._;
of harvest, vi. 45 _sqq._

—— of Plough Monday, viii. 325 _sqq._

Ritual, children of living parents in, vi. 236 _sqq._;
of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, vi. 249;
primitive, marks of, vii. 169;
magical or propitiatory, vii. 169, 170;
myths dramatized in, x. 105;
of death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 225 _sqq._

—— of Adonis, v. 223 _sqq._

—— of Attis, v. 263 _sqq._

—— of Dionysus, vii. 14 _sq._

Ritual dance in honour of Demeter and Persephone, viii. 339

—— murder, accusations of, brought against the Jews, ix. 394 _sqq._

River of Good Fortune, in West Africa, ix. 28

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., on the confusion of magic and religion among the
Todas, i. 230 _n._;
on the sacred milkmen of the Todas, i. 403 _n._ 1, vi. 228;
on the differentiation of medicine-men from sorcerers among the Todas,
i. 421 _n._ 1;
on restrictions imposed on holy dairymen among the Todas, iii. 17;
as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, v. 97 _sq._;
on _tamaniu_, xi. 199 _n._ 1

Rivers, hair offered to, i. 31;
girls sacrificed in marriage to, i. 151 _sq._;
horses sacrificed to, ii. 16 _sq._;
as lovers of women in Greek mythology, ii. 161 _sq._;
prohibition to cross, iii. 9 _sq._;
hair dedicated to, iii. 261, 261 _n._ 5;
as the seat of worship of deities, v. 160;
bathing in, at Midsummer, v. 246, 248, 249, xi. 30;
gods worshipped beside, v. 289;
used to sweep away evils, ix. 3 _sq._, 5;
offerings and prayers to, ix. 27 _sq._;
menstruous women not allowed to cross or bathe in, x. 77, 97;
claim human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26 _sqq._

Rivos, harvest-god of Celts in Gaul, i. 17

Rivros, a Celtic month, i. 17 _n._ 2, ix. 343

Rizano, in Dalmatia, the Yule log at, x. 263

Rizpah and her sons, v. 22

“Road of Jerusalem,” iv. 76

Roasted food prescribed for man-slayers, iii. 169

Robber caste in South India, the law of retaliation among a, iv. 141 _sq._

Robbers, charm used by, vii. 235

Robertson, Sir George Scott, on the dances of Kafir women in the Hindoo
Koosh, i. 133 _sq._;
on ceremonial purity among the Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, iii. 14
_notes_

Robertson, Rev. James, on the Beltane fires in the parish of Callander, x.
150 _sqq._

_Robigo_ or _Robigus_, mildew, worshipped by the Romans, viii. 282 _n._ 7

Robinson, C. H., on human life bound up with that of an animal, xi. 209

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29 _n._

Robinson, Captain W. C., on human victims among the Khonds, iv. 139 _n._ 1

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, v. 256 _n._ 2

Rochholz, C. L., on need-fire, x. 270 _n._

Rock-crystal in charm to prevent rain, i. 290;
used to stop rain, i. 305

—— -crystals in rain-charms, i. 346

—— -hewn sculptures at Ibreez, v. 121 _sq._;
at Boghaz-Keui, v. 129 _sqq._

Rockhill, W. W., on the custom of swinging in Corea, iv. 284 _sq._;
on dance of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 _n._ 2;
on the annual expulsion of the devil at Lhasa, ix. 221 _n._ 1

Rocks in rain-making, i. 306, 309;
sick people passed through holes in, xi. 186 _sq._, 189 _sq._

Rodents, souls of dead in, viii. 291

Rods, iron, in magic, i. 346 _sq._

Roepstorff, F. A. de, on the Nicobar custom of not mentioning the names of
the dead, iii. 362 _sq._

Roeskilde, in Zealand, the last sheaf called the Rye-beggar near, vii. 231

Rogations, ancient Mexican festival compared to, ix. 277;
Monday of, ii. 166

Rohde, Erwin, on purification by blood, v. 299 _n._ 2;
on Hyacinth, v. 315;
on an argument for immortality, vii. 91 _n._ 2;
on the Anthesteria, ix. 153 _n._ 1

Röhrenbach, in Baden, the Corn-sow or Oats-sow at making up the last sheaf
at, vii. 298

Roko Tui, the Sacred King of Fiji, iii. 21

Rolling on the fields as a fertility charm, ii. 103;
at harvest, ii. 104

—— cakes on the ground for omens on St. George’s Day, ii. 338;
on May Day, x. 153

—— down a slope on May Day, ii. 103

—— Easter eggs down hill, ix. 269

Rollo, how he learned the speech of animals, viii. 146

Röllshausen, in Hesse, the Little Whitsuntide Man at, ii. 81

Romagna, belief as to falling stars in the, iv. 66;
Befana (Epiphany) in the Tuscan, ix. 167

Roman calendar, vii. 83 _sq._

—— celebration of the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ii. 313 _sq._, ix. 258

—— custom of keeping a perpetual fire in every house, ii. 260;
of presenting women with key as symbol of easy delivery, iii. 296;
of sacrificing human beings at the grave, iv. 143

—— deities called “Father” and “Mother,” vi. 233 _sqq._;
of the corn, vii. 210 _n._ 3

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, v. 126 _sq._

—— emperors, fire carried before, ii. 264

—— financial oppression, v. 301 _n._ 2

—— Forum, temple of Vesta in the, i. 13.
_See also_ Forum

—— funerals, personation of the illustrious dead at, ii. 178

—— game of Troy, iv. 76 _sq._

—— _genius_ symbolized by a serpent, v. 86

—— gods, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 391 _n._ 1;
the marriage of the, vi. 230 _sqq._;
compared to Greek gods, vi. 235

—— husbandman, his prayers to Mars, ix. 229

—— king and queen as representatives of Jupiter and Juno in a Sacred
Marriage, ii. 192

—— kings as deities in a Sacred Marriage, ii. 172 _sq._, 192, 193 _sq._,
318 _sq._;
as personifications of Jupiter, ii. 174 _sqq._, 266 _sq._;
as public rain-makers, ii. 183;
list of, ii. 269 _sq._;
rule of succession among, ii. 270 _sq._;
plebeians, not patricians, ii. 289;
how nominated, ii. 295 _sq._;
as personifications of Saturn, ii. 311, 322;
their mysterious or violent ends, ii. 312 _sqq._;
their obscure birth, ii. 312 _sq._

—— kingship, descent of, in the female line, ii. 270 _sq._;
abolition of the, ii. 289 _sqq._;
a religious office, ii. 289

—— law, revival of, v. 301;
as to knocking a nail into a wall on 13th September, ix. 66

Roman maxim about cutting hair and nails at sea, iii. 271

—— mode of execution, iv. 144

—— mythology, fragments of, vi. 235

—— personal names derived from cattle, ii. 324 _n._ 1

—— priests shaved with bronze, iii. 226

—— religion, rule as to knots in, iii. 294

—— rule as to wine offered in libations, iii. 249 _n._ 2

—— Saturnalia, ix. 306 _sqq._

—— soldiers, celebration of the Saturnalia by, ix. 308 _sq._

—— writers on curses at sowing, i. 281

—— women washed their heads on Diana’s day, iii. 253

—— year, the old, began in March, ix. 229

Romans, sacrificed pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141;
their punishment of parricide, ii. 110 _n._ 2;
their fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. 227 _sqq._;
their superstition as to egg-shells, iii. 129;
the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241;
vows of the, iii. 262 _n._ 2;
their evocation of gods of besieged cities, iii. 391;
their funeral customs, iv. 92, 96;
their indifference to death, iv. 143 _sq._;
their custom of vowing a “Sacred Spring,” iv. 186 _sq._;
their custom of catching the souls of the dying, iv. 200;
adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, v. 265;
correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27 _sq._;
their expiation for prodigies, vi. 244;
their marriage custom, vi. 245;
their sacrifice of red-haired puppies to avert blighting influence of
Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34;
their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318;
sacrificed the first-fruits of corn and wine to Ceres and Liber, viii.
133;
their worship of mildew, viii. 282;
their cure for fever, ix. 47;
their cure for epilepsy, ix. 68;
their festival in honour of ghosts, ix. 154 _sq._;
their seasons of sowing, ix. 232;
their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 _n._ 2;
their belief as to menstruous women, x. 98 _n._ 1;
their cure for dislocation, xi. 177;
deemed sacred the places which were struck by lightning, xi. 299

——, the ancient, their ceremonies for procuring rain, i. 309, 310;
their belief as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115;
their superstitious objection to clasped hands and crossed legs, iii.
298;
their religion, full of relics of savagery, ix. 234.
_See also_ Rome

Romanus Lecapenus, emperor, how he took the life of Simeon, prince of
Bulgaria, xi. 156

Rome, the Porta Capena at, i. 18;
temple of Concordia at, i. 21 _n._ 2;
the Sacrificial King at, i. 44, 46, ii. 1;
rain-making ceremony at, i. 310, ii. 183; sacred trees in, ii. 10;
the kings of, ii. 171 _sqq._;
founded by settlers from Alba Longa, ii. 178;
Capitoline hill at, ii. 184, 189;
Capitoline Jupiter at, ii. 187;
“fig-town,” ii. 218;
founded by shepherds and herdsmen, ii. 324;
founded at the Parilia, April 21st, ii. 325, 326;
name of guardian deity of Rome kept secret, iii. 391;
funeral games at, iv. 96;
_Regifugium_ at, iv. 213;
custom observed by boys at Mid-Lent in, iv. 241;
masks hung on trees at time of sowing at, iv. 283;
Phrygian Mother of the Gods brought to, v. 265;
temple of Victory at, v. 265;
high-priest of Cybele at, v. 285;
resurrection of Osiris celebrated at, vi. 95 _n._ 1;
sacrifice of she-goat to Vedijovis at, vii. 33;
annual sacrifice of October horse at, viii. 42 _sqq._;
the festival of the Compitalia at, viii. 94, 107;
the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts at, vii. 94, 96, 107;
the Sublician bridge at, viii. 107;
vintage inaugurated by Flamen Dialis at, viii. 133;
Piazza Navona at, ix. 166 _sq._;
colleges of the Salii at, ix. 232;
the Saturnalia at, ix. 307 _sq._;
the sacred fire of Vesta at, ii. 207, x. 138, xi. 91;
myrtle-trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at, xi. 168;
oak of the Vespasian family at, xi. 168;
the Sister’s Beam at, xi. 194;
the _Porta Triumphalis_ at, xi. 195

——, ancient, oak woods on the site of, ii. 184 _sqq._;
the knocking of nails in, ix. 64 _sqq._;
human scapegoats in, ix. 229 _sqq._;
Midsummer Day in, x. 178

Romove, Romow, or Romowe, its sacred oak and perpetual fire of oak-wood,
ii. 366 _n._ 2, xi. 91, 286

Romsdal, Norway, the Old Hay-man at haymaking in the, vii. 223

Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. 10, 318;
Capitoline temple of Jupiter built by, ii. 176;
death of, ii. 181 _sq._, 313;
worshipped after death as Quirinus, ii. 182, 193 _n._ 1;
married to Hersilia, ii. 193 _n._ 1;
legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 196, vi. 235;
hut of, ii. 200;
son of a Vestal virgin, ii. 228;
his children, ii. 270 _n._ 3;
the name thought by some to mean “fig-man,” ii. 318;
celebrates the Parilia, ii. 329;
cut in pieces, vi. 98;
birth of, vi. 235;
his disappearance at the Goat’s Marsh on the _Nonae Caprotinae_, ix.
258;
said to have been cut to pieces by the patricians, ix. 258

Romulus or Remulus, king of Alba, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 180

—— and Remus, said to be sons of the fire, ii. 196;
their legend perhaps a reminiscence of a double kingship, ii. 290;
suckled by she-wolf under a fig-tree, ii. 318;
reputed sons of Mars by a Vestal Virgin, vi. 234 _sq._

—— and Tatius, ii. 290

Rongrong village in Assam, hobby-horse at, viii. 337

Roocooyen Indians of French Guiana, their tug-of-war, ix. 181;
their custom of stinging young people with ants and wasps, ix. 263.
_See_ Rucuyennes

Roof, children’s cast teeth deposited on the, i. 178 _sq._, 180;
hole in, used in ritual, iii. 316;
spirits enter through the, viii. 123;
remains of slain bear let down through the, viii. 189 _sq._, 196;
dances on the, ix. 315;
the external soul in, xi. 156

Roofing the king’s palace in Uganda, custom as to, iii. 254

Roofs of new houses, sacrifices offered on, ii. 39

Rook, island of, custom of killing all first-born children in the, iv.
180;
expulsion of devil in the, ix. 109;
initiation of young men in the, xi. 246

Roots, the first of the season, ceremonies before eating, viii. 80 _sqq._

—— and seeds, wild, collected by women, vii. 124 _sqq._

Rope, ceremony of sliding down a, ix. 196 _sqq._

Roper River, in Australia, gum-tree full of spirit-children on the, v. 101

Ropes used to keep off demons, ix. 120, 149, 154 _n._;
used to exclude ghosts, ix. 152 _sq._, 154 _n._

Roro district of British New Guinea, women after childbirth tabooed in
the, iii. 148

—— -speaking tribes of British New Guinea, seclusion of homicides among
the, iii. 168;
taboos observed before a hunt among the, iii. 193

Roscher, Dr. W. H., on the Sacred Marriage, ii. 137 _n._ 1, 143 _n._ 1;
on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 _n._ 3;
on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 _n._ 2;
on Pan, viii. 2 _n._ 9;
on the beating of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 231 _n._ 3;
on the Salii, ix. 231 _n._ 3;
on the Roman ceremony of passing under a yoke, xi. 194 _n._ 2

Roscoe, Rev. John, on rite of adoption among the Bahima, i. 75;
on descent of the totem in Uganda, ii. 276 _n._ 2;
on the belief of the Baganda in conception caused by a wild banana-tree,
ii. 318 _n._ 1;
on succession to the kingship among the Banyoro, ii. 322 _n._ 2;
on avoidance of wife’s mother in Uganda, iii. 85 _n._ 1;
on the Baganda belief as to shadows, iii. 87 _n._ 5;
as to menstruation customs in Uganda, iii. 145 _n._ 4;
on taboos observed by Baganda fishermen, iii. 195 _n._ 1;
as to roofing the king’s palace in Uganda, iii. 254 _n._ 5;
on disposal of cut hair and nails in Uganda, iii. 277 _n._ 10;
on change of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead among the
Basagala, iii. 361 _n._ 2;
on the bearing of the human victims in Uganda, iv. 139;
on the custom of strangling first-born males in Uganda, Koki, and
Bunyoro, iv. 182 _n._ 2;
on consultation of souls of dead kings of Uganda, iv. 201 _n._ 1;
on serpent-worship among the Baganda and Banyoro, v. 86 _n._ 1;
on the Baganda belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 92
_sq._;
on potters in Uganda, vi. 135;
on the religion of the Bahima, vi. 190 _sq._;
on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, vi. 196;
on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, vi. 196 _sq._;
on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, vi. 226;
on woman’s share in agriculture among the Baganda, vii. 118;
on human sacrifices for the crops among the Wamegi, vii. 240 _n._ 4;
on the transference of abscesses among the Bahima, ix. 6;
on the worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27 _sq._;
on the use of scapegoats among the Baganda and Bahima, ix. 32;
on life-trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160;
on passing through a cleft stick or a narrow opening as a cure in
Uganda, xi. 181

Roscommon, Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 _sq._;
divination at Hallowe’en in, x. 243

Rose, H. A., on the sacrifice of the first-born in India, iv. 181

Rose, the Little May, ii. 74

——, the Sunday of the, fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 _n._ 1

——, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, v. 226

Rose-bushes a protection against witches, ii. 338;
used by mourners, probably to keep off the ghost, iii. 143

—— -tree, death in a blue, xi. 110

Rosemary burnt on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 _sq._;
branches of, used to beat people with in the Christmas holidays, ix.
270, 271

Rosenheim, district of Upper Bavaria, the Straw-bull at harvest in, vii.
289 _sq._

Roses, the smoke of, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 339;
festival of the Crown of, x. 195;
the King and Queen of, x. 195

Rosetta stone, the inscription, vi. 27, 152 _n._

Roslin, the last sheaf called the Bride at, vii. 163

Rosmapamon, in Brittany, Renan’s home at, ix. 70

Ross, Isabella, on the harvest Maiden in Sutherlandshire, vii. 162 _n._ 3

Ross-shire, the _corp chre_ in, i. 69;
Beltane cakes in, x. 153;
burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301 _sq._

Rostowski, S., on the heathen religion of the Lithuanians, ii. 366 _n._ 2

Rostra, the, in the Forum, ii. 178

Rotation of crops, vii. 117

Rotenburg on the Neckar, offering to the river on St. John’s Day at, xi.
28;
the wicked weaver of, xi. 289 _sq._

Roth, H. Ling, on Tasmanian modes of making fire, ii. 258 _n._ 1

Roth, W. E., on changes of names caused by fear of ghosts among the
natives of Queensland, iii. 356;
on belief in conception without sexual intercourse among the natives of
Queensland, v. 103 _n._ 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, v. 207, 209 _n._

Rottenburg in Swabia, burning the Angel-man at, x. 167;
precautions against witches on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 73

Rotti, an East Indian island, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 191;
compensation to tree-spirit for felling tree in, ii. 36;
spiritual ruler in, iii. 24;
custom as to cutting child’s hair in, iii. 276, 283;
custom as to knots at marriage in, iii. 301;
story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 _n._ 1

Rottweil, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231

Rotuma, treatment of navel-string in, i. 184

Rouen, St. Romain at, ii. 164 _sqq._;
church of St. Ouen at, ii. 165;
ceremony of pardoning a prisoner on Ascension Day at, ii. 166 _sqq._,
ix. 215 _sq._

Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 _sq._;
festival of Green George among the gipsies of, ii. 75 _sq._;
the Jews of, their custom at hard labour in childbirth, iii. 298

Roumanians of Transylvania, their precautions against witches on St.
George’s Day, ii. 338;
their dread of noon, iii. 88;
their fear as to their shadows at building, iii. 89 _sq._;
their fear of wounding ghosts, iii. 238;
pile branches’ on certain graves, ix. 16;
their belief in demons, ix. 106 _sq._;
their belief as to the sacredness of bread, x. 13

Round temple of Diana, i. 13;
temple of Vesta, i. 13, ii. 206;
temple of the Sun, ii. 147;
huts of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 _sqq._

Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., on the blessing of the fruits in Greece on August
15th, i. 15 _n._ 3;
on Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82;
on image of Demeter, vii. 208 _n._ 1

Rowan or mountain-ash, hoops wreathed with, carried on May Day, ii. 63;
used as a charm, ii. 331;
pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331;
herd-boy’s wand of, ii. 341;
parasitic, esteemed effective against witchcraft, xi. 281;
superstitions about a, xi. 281 _sq._;
how it is to be gathered, xi. 282;
not to be touched with iron and not to fall on the ground, xi. 282

Rowan tree, a protection against witches, ii. 53, 54, ix. 267, x. 154, 327
_n._ 1, xi. 184 _n._ 4, 185;
cattle beaten with branches of, on May Day, ix. 266 _sq._;
hoop of, sheep passed through a, x. 184.
_See also_ Mountain-ash

Rowmore, Garelochhead, vii. 158 _n._ 1

Roxburgh in Queensland, rain-making at, i. 255

Royal blood not to be shed on the ground, iii. 241 _sqq._

—— disease, jaundice called the, i. 371 _n._ 1

—— families, two, supplying a king alternately, in the Matse tribe of
Togoland, ii. 293;
animals sacred to, iv. 82

—— family, in four branches, providing a king in turn, among the Igaras of
the Niger, ii. 294;
divided into two branches, in the Langrim State of the Khasis, ii. 295

—— personages conceived as charged with spiritual electricity, i. 371

Royalty, conservative of old customs, ii. 288;
the burden of, iii. 1 _sqq._

Rubens, head of giant effigy at Douay said to have been painted by, xi. 33

Rucuyennes of Brazil, ordeal of young men among the, x. 63.
_See_ Roocooyennes

Rue, curses at sowing, i. 281;
houses fumigated with, as a protection against witches, ix. 158;
burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213

Rue aux Ours at Paris, effigy of giant burnt in the, xi. 38

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, vi. 173

Rügen, holy shrine in, ii. 241 _n._ 4;
the binder of the last sheaf called Rye-wolf, Wheat-wolf, or Oats-wolf
in, vii. 274;
sick persons passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172

Ruhla, in Thüringen, the Little Leaf Man at, ii. 80

Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. 26

Rukunitambua, a heathen temple in Fiji, iii. 264

Rulers expected to have power over nature, i. 353 _sq._

Rules of life observed by sacred kings and priests, iii. 1 _sqq._;
based on a theory of lunar influence, vi. 132 _sqq._, 140 _sqq._

Rum, island of, and the Lachlin family, xi. 284

Rumina, a Roman goddess, unmarried, vi. 231

Runaway slaves, charms to catch, i. 152, 317, iii. 305 _sq._

Runaways, knots as charm to stop, iii. 305 _sq._

Runes, magic, i. 241;
how Odin learned the, v. 290

Running, contests in, at New Year festival among the Kayans, vii. 98.
_See also_ Foot-races _and_ Races

Rupert’s Day, effigy burnt on, x. 119

Rupt in the Vosges, Lenten fires at, x. 109;
the Yule log at, x. 254

Rupture, cured by plugging a snail into a tree, ix. 52;
nailed into oaks, ix. 60;
children passed through cleft ash-trees or oaks as a cure for, xi. 168
_sqq._, 170 _sqq._

Rurikwi, river in Mashonaland, chiefs not allowed to cross, iii. 9

Rush, the small (_Juncus tenuis_), in homoeopathic magic, i. 144

Rush-cutter (_Binsenschneider_), a mythical being supposed to mow down the
crops on St. John’s Day, vii. 230 _n._ 5

Russell, F., on purification of manslayers among the Pimas, iii. 183 _sq._

Russia, thieves’ candles in, i. 236;
rain-making in, i. 248;
bathing as a rain-charm in, i. 277;
rain-making by means of the dead in, i. 285;
St. George’s Day in, ii. 79, 332 _sqq._;
priest rolled on the fields to fertilize them in, ii. 103;
sect of the Skoptsy in, ii. 145, 145 _n._ 2;
belief as to the souls of ancestors in the fire on the hearth in, ii.
232 _sq._;
fear of having one’s likeness taken in, iii. 100;
use of knots as amulets in, iii. 306 _sq._;
funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko, etc., in, iv. 261 _sqq._;
annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 75 _sqq._;
harvest customs in, vii. 146, 215, 233;
the Wotyaks of, ix. 155 _sq._;
the Cheremiss of, ix. 156;
Midsummer fires in, x. 176, xi. 40;
need-fire in, x. 281, xi. 91;
treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, xi. 23;
the Letts of, xi. 50;
purple loose-strife gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 65;
fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65, 66, 287 _sqq._;
birth-trees in, xi. 165.
_See also_ Russian _and_ Russians

Russia, the Jews of South, their custom as to cast teeth, i. 178

——, South-Eastern, the Cheremiss of, ii. 44

——, White, worship of Leschiy, a woodland spirit in, ii. 125;
charm to protect corn from hail in, vii. 300

Russian celebration of Whitsuntide, ii. 64, 79 _sq._, 93

—— feast of Florus and Laurus, x. 220

—— girls, their mock burial of flies on the 1st of September, viii. 279
_sq._

—— Midsummer custom, v. 250 _sq._

—— villagers, their precautions against epidemics, ix. 172 _sq._

—— wood-spirits, viii. 2

Russians, sect of the Christs among the, i. 407 _sq._;
their dread of noon, iii. 88;
religious suicides among the, iv. 44 _sq._;
the heathen, their sacrifice of the first-born children, iv. 183;
their custom on Palm Sunday, ix. 268;
their story of Koshchei the deathless, xi. 108 _sqq._

Rust of knife in homoeopathic magic, i. 158

Rustem and Isfendiyar, x. 104 _sq._

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, vi. 95 _n._ 1

Rustling of leaves regarded as the voice of spirits, ii. 30

Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 176

Ruthenian burglars, their charms to cause sleep, i. 148

Ruthenians, their treatment of the after-birth of cows, i. 198;
St. George’s Day among the, ii. 335

_Rutuburi_, a dance of the Tarahumare Indians, ix. 237

Rye, girdles of, a preventive of weariness in reaping, x. 190

Rye-beggar, name given to last sheaf in Zealand, vii. 231

—— -boar, name given to last sheaf among the Esthonians of Oesel, vii.
298, 300

—— -bride, name given to last sheaf in the Tyrol, vii. 163

—— -dog, said to be killed at end of reaping, vii. 272

—— -goat, said to be in the corn, vii. 282;
name given to reaper of last corn, vii. 283

—— -harvest, women’s race at, vii. 76 _sq._

—— -mother, said to be in the rye, vii. 132;
name given to wreath made out of the last rye, vii. 135

Rye-pug, name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 273

—— -sow, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270;
name given to last rye cut, vii. 298;
name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 298

—— -wolf, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270, 273, 274;
caught in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273;
moves in the standing rye, vii. 271;
children warned against the, vii. 272

—— -woman, the Old, said to sit in the corn, vii. 133;
reaper of last rye said to kill the, vii. 223;
the Old, said to live in the last stalks of rye and to be killed when
they are cut, vii. 223

Saa, one of the Solomon Islands, offerings of first-fruits to the dead in,
viii. 127;
souls of dead in sharks at, viii. 297

Saale, the river, claims a human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26

Saaralben in Lorraine, simples collected on Midsummer Day near, xi. 47

Saaz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in the, viii. 326

Sabaea or Sheba, the kings of, confined to their palace, iii. 124

Sabarios, a Lithuanian festival, about the time of the autumn sowing,
viii. 49

Sabatei-Sevi, a pretended Jewish Messiah, iv. 46

Sabazius, a Thracian and Phrygian god identified with Dionysus, vii. 2
_n._ 1;
mysteries of, v. 90 _n._ 4

Sabbath, breach of, supposed to cause the disappearance of herring, viii.
251

Sabbaths, agricultural, vii. 109;
of witches on the Eve of May Day and Midsummer Eve, x. 171 _n._ 3, 181,
xi. 73, 74

_Sabi_, taboo, in western tribes of British New Guinea, iii. 343

Sabine country, the oak woods of the, ii. 354

—— priests to be shaved with bronze, iii. 226

Sable-hunters, rules observed by, viii. 238

Sacaea, a Babylonian festival, iv. 113 _sqq._;
the mock king of, perhaps represented Tammuz, vii. 258 _sq._;
in relation to Purim, ix. 359 _sqq._;
celebrated by the Persians, ix. 402

—— and Zakmuk, ix. 355 _sqq._, 399, 402

_Sacer_, taboo, iii. 225 _n._

Sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274 _sq._;
in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 _sq._;
of swine’s flesh, viii. 20, 24;
of first-fruits, viii. 48 _sqq._;
combined with a sacrifice of them, viii. 86;
totemic, viii. 165;
of eating a god, viii. 167;
types of animal, viii. 310 _sqq._

Sacramental bread, at Aricia (Nemi), viii. 95, xi. 286 _n._ 2

—— character of harvest supper, vii. 303

—— eating of corn-spirit in animal form, viii. 20

—— meal of new rice, viii. 54;
at initiation in Fiji, xi. 245 _sq._

Sacraments among pastoral tribes, viii. 313

Sacred and unclean, correspondence of rules regarding the, iii. 145

Sacred beasts in Egypt, i. 29 _sq._;
held responsible for the course of nature, i. 354

—— chiefs and kings regarded as dangerous, iii. 131 _sqq._, 138;
their analogy to mourners, homicides, and women at menstruation and
childbirth, iii. 138

—— dramas, as magical rites, ix. 373 _sqq._

—— feather girdle of king of Tahiti, i. 388

—— flutes played at initiation, xi. 241

—— groves, in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 _sqq._;
apologies for trespass on, ii. 328

—— harlots, in Asia Minor, v. 141;
at Zela, ix. 370, 371;
in the worship of Ishtar, ix. 372

—— herds of cattle at shrines, iv. 20, 25

—— kings put to death, x. 1 _sq._

—— Marriage, the, ii. 120 _sqq._;
of Roman kings, ii. 172 _sq._, 192, 193 _sq._, 318 _sq._;
of king and queen, iv. 71;
of actors disguised as animals, iv. 71, 83;
of gods and goddesses, iv. 73;
of Zeus and Hera, iv. 91;
of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, v. 46 _sqq._;
represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140;
in Cos, vi. 259 _n._ 4;
at Eleusis, vii. 65 _sqq._
_See also_ Marriage

—— men, inspired by image of Apollo, i. 386;
at Andania, ii. 122, v. 76 _n._ 3;
(kedeshim), at Jerusalem, v. 17 _sq._;
and women, v. 57 _sqq._;
in West Africa, v. 65 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, v. 72 _sqq._

—— persons not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 2 _sqq._;
not to see the sun, x. 18 _sqq._

—— ploughings in Attica, vii. 108

—— prostitution, v. 36 _sqq._;
suggested origin of, v. 39 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 55 _sqq._;
in India, v. 61 _sqq._;
in West Africa, v. 65 _sqq._

—— slaves, v. 73, 79, ix. 370

—— spears used to stab sacrificial victims, iv. 19, 20, v. 274, ix. 218

“—— spring, the,” among the ancient Italian peoples, iv. 186 _sq._

Sacred sticks and stones (churinga) among the Arunta, xi. 234. _See_
Churinga

—— sticks representing ancestors, among the Herero, ii. 222 _sqq._

—— stocks and stones among the Semites, v. 107 _sqq._

—— stool among the Shilluk, iv. 24

—— things deemed dangerous, viii. 27 _sqq._

—— Way, the, at Rome, ii. 176, viii. 42

—— women among the ancient Germans, i. 391;
the fourteen, at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32;
in India, v. 61 _sqq._;
in West Africa, v. 65 _sqq._;
in Western Asia, v. 70 _sqq._;
at Andania, v. 76 _n._ 3

Sacrifice, gods become immortal by, i. 373 _n._ 1;
of the king’s son, iv. 160 _sqq._;
of the first-born, iv. 171 _sqq._, 179 _sqq._;
of finger-joints, iv. 219;
of virginity, v. 60;
of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, v. 268 _sq._, 270 _sq._;
of virility in ancient Egypt, among the Ekoi of Nigeria, etc., v. 270
_n._ 2;
nutritive and vicarious types of, vii. 226;
not to be touched, viii. 27;
annual, of a sacred animal, viii. 31;
of first-fruits, viii. 109 _sqq._;
human, successive mitigations of, ix. 396 _sq._, 408;
the Brahmanical theory of, ix. 410 _sq._;
of cattle at holy oak, x. 181;
of heifer at kindling need-fire, x. 290;
of an animal to stay a cattle-plague, x. 300 _sqq._;
of reindeer to the dead, xi. 178.
_See also_ Sacrifices

Sacrificer, the Brahman, consecration of, i. 380;
becomes Vishnu, i. 380;
simulated new birth of, i. 380 _sq._