Chapter XCVI: Part II: Proletarian Hopes

I. [Plutocracy and the Workingman: Disruption of industry--strikes
and lockouts in the Gilded Age. Bitterness of
conflict. The discovery of the injunction]

I. [Industrialism and the American theory of freedom: Rise of
labor unions. Passing of the frontier. Incoming of German
Socialists and the recovery of the doctrine of class war
lost since the eighteenth century]

II. [The first solution--Syndicalism: T. V. Powderly and the
Knights of Labor]

III. [The second solution--craft unionism: Gompers and the
A. F. of L. A middle-class solution]

II. [The Rise of the Left]

I. [The Menace of Socialism: The Haymarket riot; Governor
Altgeld]

II. [Leaders of the Left: Daniel De Leon; Eugene Debs; Victor
Berger]

III. The Quest of Utopia 301

I. Edward Bellamy and _Looking Backward_ 302

II. [After Bellamy: “Nationalism”; Tourgée’s _Murvale Eastman_]

IV. [The Darkening Skies of Letters: The clouds gathering
on the “gay” horizon of American optimism. Changes in
the temper of scientific thought point to determinism.
A gloomier realism on the way, coming first from the
West] 316

I. [Edwin Markham and “The Man with a Hoe”]

II. [The Rise of Naturalism: Stephen Crane; Frank Norris[494]]

III. [Fiction Discovers the City]

Part III

The Hesitant South

I. [Two Worlds: The aristocratic clinging to the romance of
the past; the plebeian agrarian joining with the Middle
Border in its protest against plutocracy. Tom A. Watson.
The beginnings of industrialism that proposed to exploit
the cotton and iron of the South]

II. [The Romance of the Past: Thomas Nelson Page and the
plantation tradition; Joel Chandler Harris and the romance
of the negro; Mary Murfree and the romance of
the mountaineer; George Washington Cable and the
romance of the creole]

III. [Sidney Lanier--the poet of the South[495]]

IV. [Henry W. Grady and the Surrender to the Middle
Class]

V. [The Southern Intellectual: James Branch Cabell;[496]
Ellen Glasgow; W. W. Woodward]

Book Three: The New America