Chapter V: Part II: The Awakening of the American Mind--1763-1783

I. Imperial Sovereignty and Home Rule

I. Background Facts: Causes of the Revolution obscure. Home rule
and imperial centralization. Native liberalism. Three areas and
three diverse interests. The imperial problem. Grievances of
merchants, planters, yeomanry 179

II. Argument and Propaganda: American case based on the British
Constitution; on natural rights. Theories of representation,
English and colonial. Powers of Parliament. Natural rights and
Locke--reasons for his appeal 186

III. Certain Social Consequences: Emergence of republicanism.
Attitude of upper class. Expulsion of Loyalists. Influence on
American culture. Rise of middle class; political centralization 190

II. The Mind of the American Tory

I. Thomas Hutchinson--Royal Governor: The House of Hutchinson.
Character and intellectual attainments. Insincerity of the Tory
philosophy. Situation on his accession to the governorship.
Prerogative and democracy. Proposals for remodeling Massachusetts
government. The Town Meeting. Affair of the letters. The problem of
sovereignty. Government by ministerial instructions. Comment on his
enemies. His failure 194

II. Daniel Leonard--Tory Lawyer: Character. _Massachusettensis._ A
follower of Hobbes--the leviathan state. The sin of rebellion and
the law of treason. Groundlessness of American sedition--the virus
of republicanism. On the right of revolution 207

III. Jonathan Boucher--Tory Priest: Character. _A View of the
Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution._ Influence
of Filmer’s _Patriarcha_. Doctrine of obedience. Evil effects of
republicanism. Government a divine institution--the patriarchal
nature of kingship. An extreme Tory 214

III. John Dickinson--The Mind of the American Whig--A
moderate--spokesman of the colonial Whigs. Essence of Whiggery--the
rule of property. His social position; conception of political
stewardship. A constitutional lawyer. Accepted parliamentary
sovereignty, right to regulate trade. Taxation and Whiggery--a tax
and an imposition. Not a republican. His _Two Letters on the Tea
Tax_. In the Constitutional Convention. _Letters of Fabius._ His
views old-fashioned 219

IV. Samuel Adams--The Mind of the American Democrat--An agitator
and practical politician. Member of the opposition. Advocate
of home rule. Understood the ways of Tory government. Master
of political theory. Three lines of argument: natural rights,
constitutional rights, the charter compact. Influence of Locke, of
Coke. Reliance on public opinion. Use of publicity, organization,
town meetings. Newspaper articles. Motive of attacks on royal
officials. Faith in the people. A democrat. The cost in reputation 233

V. Literary Echoes

I. The Whig Satirists

1. John Trumbull: A lover of _belles lettres_ drawn into the
strife. _M’Fingal._ The note of humor. A potential intellectual;
a moderate liberal. An echo of Connecticut opinion 248

2. Francis Hopkinson, Esq.: The state of Philadelphia culture.
A dilettante. A potential Tory turned Whig. _The New Roof;
Objections to the Proposed Plan of a Federal Government._
A Federalist 252

II. The Tory Satirists

1. Jonathan Odell: A bitter nature. His satires--an embodiment
of class prejudice. _The American Times._ Estimate of Whig
leaders 255

2. Samuel Peters: His curious ambition. His _History
of Connecticut_. Explanation of the cause of the
Revolution--ministerial neglect. The cure--establishment of a
colonial aristocracy 259

Book III: Liberalism and the Constitution