Chapter CXXI: Book I: Part I

I. The American Scene. For history of the period see Allan Nevins, _The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878_ (in the series _A History of American Life_, Vol. VIII, New York, 1927); E. P. Oberholtzer, _History of the United States since the Civil War_ (3 vols., New York, 1917-1926); Frederick L. Paxson, _Recent History of the United States_ (Boston and New York, c. 1921).

For economic backgrounds see Harold Underwood Faulkner, _American Economic History_ (New York and London, 1924); Gustavus Meyers, _History of Great American Fortunes_ (3 vols., Chicago, 1910); Robert Irving Warshaw, _Jay Gould: The Story of a Fortune_ (New York, 1928); and for the part played by railroads see John P. Davis, _The Union Pacific Railway_ (New York, 1894); C. E. Russell, _Stories of Great Railroads_ (Chicago, 1912); and Charles Francis Adams, Jr., and Henry Adams, _Chapters of Erie and Other Essays_ (Boston, 1871).

For political corruption see Don Carlos Seitz, _The Dreadful Decade_ (Indianapolis, 1926); and Denis Tilden Lynch, _“Boss” Tweed: The Story of a Grim Generation_ (New York, 1927).

For journalism see Allan Nevins, _The Evening Post: A Century of Journalism_ (New York, c. 1922); and Frank M. O’Brien, _The Story of the Sun_ (New York, c. 1918).

General Ulysses S. Grant, _Personal Memoirs_ (2 vols., New York, 1885-1886). For biography see W. E. Woodward, _Meet General Grant_ (New York, 1928).

Jay Cooke. See E. P. Oberholtzer, _Jay Cooke, Financier of the Civil War_ (2 vols. Philadelphia, c. 1907).

Charles A. Dana, _Recollections of the Civil War_ (New York, 1902); J. H. Wilson, _Life of Charles A. Dana_ (New York, 1907).

II. The Culture of the Seventies. For valuable sidelights on culture in the decade see Constance Mayfield Rourke, _Trumpets of Jubilee_ (New York, c. 1927); Paxton Hibben, _Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait_ (New York, c. 1927); Horace Greeley, _Recollections of a Busy Life_ (New York, 1868); James Parton, _The Life of Horace Greeley_ (Boston, c. 1896); Lewis Mumford, _The Golden Day: A Study in American Experience and Culture_ (New York, 1926); and his _Sticks and Stones, A Study of American Architecture and Civilization_ (New York, c. 1924).

For history of literature see Fred Lewis Pattee, _A History of American Literature since 1870_ (New York, 1915); his _Sidelights on American Literature_ (New York, 1922); his _The Development of the American Short Story_ (New York and London, 1923); and Carl Van Doren, _The American Novel_ (New York, 1921).

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Prose Works_ (7 vols., Boston, 1897); _The Poems of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_ (2 vols., Boston, c. 1907). For his life see Ferris Greenslet, _The Life of Thomas Bailey Aldrich_ (Boston and New York, 1908).

Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart Ward (Phelps), _The Silent Partner_ (Boston, c. 1899); _A Singular Life_ (Boston and New York, 1899); _Chapters from a Life_ (Boston and New York, 1896).

Sarah Orne Jewett. _A Country Doctor_ (Boston and New York, c. 1884); _A Native of Winby and Other Tales_ (Boston and New York, c. 1893); _Deephaven_ (Boston and New York, 1894). _Tales of New England_ (Boston and New York, 1894); _The Life of Nancy_ (Boston and New York, 1895); _The Queen’s Twin and Other Stories_ (Boston and New York, 1899); _The Country of Pointed Firs_ (Boston and New York, c. 1910). For her life see _The Letters of Sarah Orne Jewett_ (Boston and New York, 1911).

Mrs. Mary E. (Wilkins) Freeman, _A Humble Romance, and Other Stories_ (New York, 1887); _The New England Nun, and Other Stories_ (New York, 1891); _The Pot of Gold, and Other Stories_ (Boston, c. 1892); _Pembroke; a Novel_ (New York, c. 1894); _People of Our Neighborhood_ (New York, 1901); _The Portion of Labor_ (New York, c. 1901). _Young Lucretia, and Other Stories_ (New York, 1903); _By the Light of the Soul_ (New York and London, 1907).

Walt Whitman, _Leaves of Grass_ (Inclusive edition edited by Emory Holloway, Garden City, New York, 1927); _The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman_ (New York, 1898); _The Half-breed and Other Stories_ (New York, 1927); _Autobiographia: or, the Story of a Life_ (New York, 1892); _The Gathering of Forces_ (New York and London, 1920); and _The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman_ (2 vols., Garden City, New York, 1921). For Whitman’s life see Horace Traubel, _With Walt Whitman in Camden_ (3 vols., New York, 1908-1914); Emory Holloway, _Whitman_ (New York, 1926); John Addington Symonds, _Walt Whitman: a Study_ (London, 1893); Léon Bazalgette, _Walt Whitman, the Man and his Work_ (Garden City, New York, 1920); John Burroughs, _Whitman: a Study_ (Boston and New York, c. 1924); Bliss Perry, _Walt Whitman: his Life and Work_ (Boston and New York, 1906); and J. Johnston, M. D., and J. W. Wallace, _Visits to Walt Whitman_ (New York, 1918).

For critical studies of his work see Norman Foerster, _American Criticism_, pp. 157-222 (New York, 1928); Basil De Selincourt, _Walt Whitman; a Critical Study_ (London, 1914); Horace Traubel (ed.), _In re Walt Whitman_ (Philadelphia, 1893).

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain), _The Writings of Mark Twain_ (25 vols., New York and London, c. 1910-1911); _The Mysterious Stranger, and Other Stories_ (New York and London, 1922); _What is Man?_ (New York, 1917).

For his life see _Mark Twain’s Autobiography_ (New York and London, 1924); Albert Bigelow Paine, _Mark Twain, a Biography_ (3 vols., New York, c. 1912); Van Wyck Brooks, _The Ordeal of Mark Twain_ (New York, c. 1920); W. D. Howells, _My Mark Twain_ (New York, c. 1910).

III. Changing Theory. For a general history of economic theory see, Charles Gide and Charles Rist, _A History of Economic Doctrines from the Time of the Physiocrats to the Present Day_ (Authorized translation from the second revised and augmented edition of 1913, Boston, New York, Chicago, 1913); _The Trend of Economics_ (Edited by R. G. Tugwell, New York, 1924).

For material covered in this section see Francis Wayland, _Elements of Political Economy_ (New York, 1837); Henry Charles Carey, _Principles of Social Science_ (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1858-1860); his _The Harmony of Interests: Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial_ (2nd ed., New York, 1852); and his _Miscellaneous Works_ (Philadelphia, 1875). Francis A. Walker, _The Wages Question, a Treatise on Wages and the Wages Class_ (New York, 1891); his _Land and Its Rent_ (Boston, 1891); and his _Political Economy_ (New York, 1888).

For a general treatment of political theories see William A. Dunning, _A History of Political Theories from Rousseau to Spencer_ (New York, 1920); Charles E. Merriam, _History of American Political Theories_ (New York, 1920); and his _American Political Ideas: Studies in the Development of American Political Thought, 1865-1917_ (New York, 1920).

Theodore Dwight Woolsey, _Political Science: or, the State Theoretically and Practically Considered_ (New York, 1900); and his _Communism and Socialism in Their History and Theory_ (New York, 1894).

John W. Burgess. _Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law_ (2 vols., Boston and London, 1896-1898); and his _The Sanctity of the Law; Wherein Does It Consist?_ (Boston and New York, c. 1927).

J. Allen Smith, _The Growth and Decadence of Constitutional Government_ (New York, 1930) is an invaluable aid to those wishing to get Parrington’s viewpoint in political theory.

Henry George, _The Writings of Henry George_ (Memorial edition, 10 vols., New York, 1898-1900). See particularly _Progress and Poverty_ (Vols. I and II), and Henry George, Jr., _The Life of Henry George_ (Vol. X).

Henry D. Lloyd, _Wealth Against Commonwealth_ (New York, c. 1894); _Lords of Industry_ (New York and London, 1910); _Men the Social Creator_ (New York, 1906); _Strike of Millionaires Against Miners, or the Story of Spring Valley, with an Open Letter to Millionaires_ (Chicago, 1890). For his life see Caroline Augusta Lloyd, _Henry Demarest Lloyd, 1847-1903_, (2 vols., New York and London, 1912). (Parrington had intended to discuss Lloyd.)

IV. The Beginnings of Criticism. Wendell Phillips, _Speeches, Lectures, and Letters_ (2 vols., Boston, 1891-1892). For his life see Carlos Martyn, _Wendell Phillips, the Agitator_ (Revised ed., New York, 1890); and Charles Edward Russell, _The Story of Wendell Phillips_ (Chicago, c. 1914).

George William Curtis, _Nile Notes of a Howadji_ (New York, 1851); _Trumps_ (New York, 1861); _Potiphar Papers_ (New York, 1854); _Prue and I_ (New York, n. d.); _Orations and Addresses_ (3 vols., New York, 1894); _From the Easy Chair_ (3 vols., New York, 1894-1902); _Early Letters of George William Curtis to John S. Dwight; Brook Farm and Concord_ (New York and London, 1898). For his life see Edward Cary, _George William Curtis_ (Boston and New York, 1894).

Edwin Lawrence Godkin, _Reflections and Comments, 1865-1895_ (New York, 1895); _Unforeseen Tendencies of Democracy_ (Boston, 1893); _Problems of Modern Democracy; Political and Economic Essays_ (Third ed., New York, 1898). For his life see, _The Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin_ (Ed. by Rollo Ogden, 2 vols., New York and London, 1907). See also Gustav Pollak, _The Nation, Fifty Years of American Idealism: the New York Nation, 1865-1915_ (New York, 1915).

The political novel: Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, _The Gilded Age_ (2 vols., New York, 1873); Henry Adams, _Democracy_ (New York, 1880); F. Marion Crawford, _An American Politician_ (New York, 1884). See also Albion W. Tourgée, _A Fool’s Errand_ (New York, 1880).

The economic novel: John Hay, _The Bread-Winners_ (New York, 1883); H. F. Keenan, _The Moneymakers_ (New York, 1885).

The sociological novel: Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, _The Mammon of Unrighteousness_ (New York, 1891); his _The Golden Calf_ (New York, 1892); and his _Social Strugglers_ (New York, 1893); Robert Grant, _Unleavened Bread_ (New York, 1900); Samuel Merwin and H. K. Webster, _Calumet K_ (New York, 1901); and their _Short Line War_ (New York, 1899). Francis Churchill Williams, _J. Develin-Boss_ (New York, 1901); Elliot Flower, _The Spoilsman_ (Boston, 1903); Winston Churchill, _Coniston_ (New York, 1907); and his _Mr. Crewe’s Career_ (New York, 1908); Will Payne, _Mr. Salt_ (Boston and New York, 1903); and his _The Money Captain_ (New York, 1898).

For general accounts see Carl Van Doren, _The American Novel_ (New York, 1921); Fred Lewis Pattee, _A History of American Literature since 1870_ (New York, 1915); John Curtis Underwood, _Literature and Insurgency_ (New York, 1914); and W. D. Howells, _Criticism and Fiction_ (New York, 1891).

For material dealing with Henry Adams and John Hay see William Roscoe Thayer, _The Life and Letters of John Hay_ (2 vols., Boston and New York, c. 1915). See also the bibliography on Henry Adams, Part II, section II.