Chapter XCIV: Part II: New Patterns of Thought

I. Disintegration and Reintegration: Two forces creating
a new ideology, science and the machine. The decay of
the older theological, political mind, and the emergence
of an urban mind 189

I. The Victorian Mood--A genial optimism 193

1. Sociology and the Enlightenment: Condorcet,
Comte, and the gospel of progress 194

2. Biology and the Enlightenment: Spencer and the
philosophy of anarchism 197

3. The End of the Hopes of the Enlightenment 202

II. The School of Spencer--John Fiske 203

II. The Skepticism of the House of Adams: The flower of the
sturdy New England character. They fail to adjust to
the Gilded Age 212

I. Charles Francis Adams--The Business Failure 213

II. Henry Adams--Intellectual 214

III. Brooks Adams--Rebel 227

III. Victorian Realism: In the eighties realism begins to excite
interest and the movement gets under way, though the
American taste is still romantic. The psychology of the
dispersion marking America 237

I. [William James and Pragmatism]

II. Henry James and the Nostalgia of Culture 239

III. William Dean Howells and the Realism of the Commonplace 241

Book Two: The Old and the New: Storm Clouds