Chapter XLV: Part II: The Rise of Liberalism

I. The Renaissance: The movement of liberalism more
pronounced in New England because long restrained.
Ethical rather than economic; German rather than
French. Many-sided but rebellious 317

II. Liberalism and Calvinism

I. The stir in the church. French romanticism and
Unitarianism. The conservative reaction. The
dilemma of Calvinism--efforts to escape the horns of
dogma. The growth of rationalism. The philosophy
of Unitarianism--a recovery of the principle of primitive
Congregationalism. Elements of conservatism 321

II. William Ellery Channing: A spiritual nature, concerned
with two cardinal ideas: God’s love, man’s excellence.
Slow clarification of his thought. Major
tenets derived from Rousseau and the English Arians.
Attitude toward slavery. Theory of the political
state--approximation to the position of Jefferson. On
freedom of speech--the vital principle of Unitarianism 328

III. Liberalism and the Social Conscience

I. The Social Mind: The Puritan conscience individual
rather than social. Influence of Unitarianism in
awakening a sense of social responsibility. Beginnings
of reform 339

II. Perfectionism: An extreme expression of ethical
radicalism. John Humphrey Noyes, a Yankee Fifth
Monarchy man. His doctrines--expression in Conventions 342

III. Brook Farm: An attempt at an economic solution of
social maladjustments. Influence of transcendentalism.
Attitude of certain transcendentalists. Hostility
to Fourierism 346

IV. Abolitionism: The awakening of the New England
conscience to the evil of slavery. The Abolitionists a
remnant in Israel--their characteristics 350

IV. Certain Militants

I. William Lloyd Garrison: A flinty character. His early
life. _The Liberator._ A primitive Hebraist--his antagonisms.
His political theory founded on the Declaration
of Independence. A Perfectionist. Nullified the
Constitution. The strength and weakness of his
methods 352

II. John G. Whittier--Puritan-Quaker: The religion of
the Inner Light. A primitive Christian--a Come-outer.
Significance of _Leaves from Margaret Smith’s
Journal_. The politician amongst the Abolitionists.
Reasons for his break with Garrison. Not a political
thinker. His Abolitionist verse. His later verse. An
anachronism in industrial New England 361

III. Harriet Beecher Stowe--A Daughter of Puritanism:
Her Calvinist heredity. A sympathetic student of
New England psychology. Intellectual antecedents.
_Old-Town Folks_; _Poganuc People_. _The Minister’s
Wooing_ a defense of the Calvinist clergy. Her contact
with slavery--_Uncle Tom’s Cabin_; _Dred_ 371