Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (156)

San Marino
urban population: 94% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
urban population: 61% of total population
(2008)
rate of urbanization: 3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Saudi Arabia
urban population: 82% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Senegal
urban population: 42% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Serbia
urban population: 52% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Seychelles
urban population: 54% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sierra Leone
urban population: 38% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Singapore
urban population: 100% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Slovakia
urban population: 56% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Slovenia
urban population: 48% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: -0.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Solomon Islands
urban population: 18% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Somalia
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

South Africa
urban population: 61% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Spain
urban population: 77% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sri Lanka
urban population: 15% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sudan
urban population: 43% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Suriname
urban population: 75% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Swaziland
urban population: 25% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sweden
urban population: 85% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Switzerland
urban population: 73% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Syria
urban population: 54% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tajikistan
urban population: 26% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tanzania
urban population: 25% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Thailand
urban population: 33% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Timor-Leste
urban population: 27% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Togo
urban population: 42% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tokelau
urban population: 0% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tonga
urban population: 25% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
urban population: 13% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tunisia
urban population: 67% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Turkey
urban population: 69% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Turkmenistan
urban population: 49% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
urban population: 92% of total population
(2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Tuvalu
urban population: 49% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Uganda
urban population: 13% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Ukraine
urban population: 68% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: -0.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

United Arab Emirates
urban population: 78% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

United Kingdom
urban population: 90% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

United States
urban population: 82% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Uruguay
urban population: 92% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Uzbekistan
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Vanuatu
urban population: 25% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Venezuela
urban population: 93% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Vietnam
urban population: 28% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Virgin Islands
urban population: 95% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
urban population: 0% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

West Bank
urban population: 72% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Western Sahara
urban population: 81% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

World
urban population: 50.5% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.85% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
ten largest urban agglomerations: Tokyo (Japan) - 36,669,000; Delhi
(India) - 22,157,000; Sao Paulo (Brazil) - 20,262,000; Mumbai
(India) - 20,041,000; Mexico City (Mexico) - 19,460,000; New
York-Newark (US) - 19,425,000; Shanghai (China) - 16,575,000;
Kolkata (India) - 15,552,000; Dhaka (Bangladesh) - 14,648,000;
Karachi (Pakistan) - 13,125,000 (2009)

Yemen
urban population: 31% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Zambia
urban population: 35% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Zimbabwe
urban population: 37% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

======================================================================

@2213

Field Listing :: Broadcast media

This entry provides information on the approximate number of public
and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic
information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services.
Country

Broadcast media

Afghanistan
state-owned broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan
(RTA), operates a series of radio and television stations in Kabul
and the provinces; an estimated 50 private radio stations, 8 TV
networks, and about a dozen international broadcasters are
available; more than 30 community-based radio stations broadcasting
(2007)

Akrotiri
British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides
multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts
to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base (2009)

Albania
2 public television networks, one of which transmits by
satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries;
more than 60 private television stations operating; many viewers can
pick up Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception;
cable TV service is available; 2 public radio networks and roughly
50 private radio stations; several international broadcasters are
available (2008)

Algeria
state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast
media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and
French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access
to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates
several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations
(2007)

American Samoa
3 television stations broadcasting; multi-channel
pay-per-view television services are available; about a dozen radio
stations, some of which are repeater stations (2009)

Andorra
1 public television station and 2 public radio stations; a
few commercial radio stations operating; good reception of radio and
TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain (2008)

Angola
state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach;
state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial
TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable
and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned
Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a
half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Anguilla
1 private television station; multi-channel cable TV
subscription services are available; about 10 radio stations, one of
which is government-owned (2007)

Antigua and Barbuda
state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda
Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel
cable TV subscription services are available; 1 radio station
operated by ABS; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on
multiple frequencies (2007)

Argentina
government owns a TV station and a radio network; more
than 2 dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately-owned radio
stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2007)

Armenia
2 public television networks operating alongside more than
40 privately-owned television stations that provide local to near
nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely
available; subscription cable TV services are available in most
regions; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast
network that operates alongside about 20 privately-owned radio
stations; several major international broadcasters are available
(2008)

Aruba
2 commercial television stations; cable TV subscription
service provides access to foreign channels; about 20 commercial
radio stations broadcast (2007)

Australia
the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs
multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well
as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the
Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special
Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster,
operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages;
several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of
local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio
stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available
(2008)

Austria
Austria's public broadcaster, ORF, was the main broadcast
source until commercial radio and television service was introduced
in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German
TV stations (2008)

Azerbaijan
1 state-run and 1 public television channel; 4 domestic
commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; Turkish,
Russian, and Iranian TV and radio broadcasts are available,
especially in border regions; cable TV services are available in
Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small
number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM
relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities;
local relays of several international broadcasters had been
available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM
frequencies (2008)

Bahamas, The
2 television stations operated by government-owned,
commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB);
multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15
radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio
broadcasting network alongside privately-owned radio stations (2007)

Bahrain
state-run broadcast media; Bahrain Radio and Television
Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks; satellite TV
systems provide access to international broadcasts; state-run BRTC
broadcasts over several radio stations; 1 private FM station directs
broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from
countries in the region are available (2007)

Bangladesh
state-owned broadcaster (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV
station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private
satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also
broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience
share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters
are available (2007)

Barbados
government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)
operates the lone terrestrial television station; CBC also operates
a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio
stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network alongside
privately-owned radio stations, in operation (2007)

Belarus
4 state-controlled national TV channels; Polish and Russian
TV broadcasts are available in some areas; state-run Belarusian
Radio operates 3 national networks and an external service; Russian
and Polish radio broadcasts are available (2007)

Belgium
a segmented market with the three major communities
(Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility
for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each
community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are
connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from
neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network
co-existing with private broadcasters (2007)

Belize
8 privately-owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV
provides access to foreign stations; about 25 radio stations
broadcasting on roughly 50 different frequencies; state-run radio
was privatized in 1998 (2007)

Benin
state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin
(ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels giving it a wide
broadcast reach; several privately-owned TV stations broadcast from
Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned
radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented
by a number of regional stations; substantial number of
privately-owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of a few
international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2007)

Bermuda
3 television stations; cable and satellite TV subscription
services are available; roughly 10 radio stations operating (2007)

Bhutan
state-owned TV station established in 1999; cable TV service
offers dozens of Indian and other international channels; first
radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned; 1
private radio station began operations in 2006 (2007)

Bolivia
large number of radio and television broadcasting stations
with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio
and television stations generally operating freely, although both
pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media
outlets in response to their reporting (2007)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and
Serb Republic Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations;
2 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent
TV stations broadcasting; 3 large public radio broadcasters and a
large number of private radio stations (2007)

Botswana
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately-owned;
privately-owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2
state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately-owned radio
stations broadcast locally (2007)

Brazil
state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a television
network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV
channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership
highly concentrated (2007)

British Indian Ocean Territory
Armed Forces Radio and Television
Service (AFRTS) broadcasts over 3 separate frequencies for US and UK
military personnel stationed on the islands (2009)

British Virgin Islands
1 private TV station; multi-channel TV is
available from cable and satellite subscription services; about a
half dozen private radio stations operating (2007)

Brunei
state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 4
channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV
broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB
operates 5 radio networks broadcasting on multiple frequencies;
British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on
2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are
available via repeaters (2009)

Bulgaria
4 national terrestrial television stations with 1
state-owned and 3 privately-owned; a vast array of TV stations are
available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned
national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private
radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2007)

Burkina Faso
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately-owned;
state-owned radio runs a national and regional network; substantial
number of privately-owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of
several international broadcasters available in Ouagadougou (2007)

Burma
government controls all domestic broadcast media; 3
state-controlled television stations with 1 of the stations
controlled by the armed forces; a fourth TV channel, a pay-TV
station, is a joint state-private venture; access to satellite TV is
limited with residents required to register and pay a fee for all
satellite television receivers; 2 state-controlled domestic radio
stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are
available in Burma; the opposition-backed station Democratic Voice
of Burma broadcasts into Burma via shortwave (2009)

Burundi
state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale
de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV broadcast station and the
only national radio network; about 10 privately-owned radio
broadcast stations; transmissions of several international
broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)

Cambodia
mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and
privately-owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most
operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station
broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly
operated or privately-owned with some broadcasting from several
locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French
television station and the other relaying a Vietnamese television
station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available;
roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with
multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private
broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)

Cameroon
government maintains tight control over broadcast media;
state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a
television and radio network, was the only officially recognized and
fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government
finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private
radio broadcaster; about 70 privately-owned unlicensed radio
stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign
news services required to partner with state-owned national station
(2007)

Canada
2 public television broadcasting networks each with a large
number of network affilates; several private-commercial networks
also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV
stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access
to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and
commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio
networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to
indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio
stations in Canada (2008)

Cape Verde
state-run TV and radio broadcast network plus a growing
number of private broadcasters; Portuguese public TV and radio
services for Africa are available; transmissions of a few
international broadcasters are obtainable (2007)

Cayman Islands
4 television stations; cable and satellite
subscription services offer a variety of international programming;
government-owned Radio Cayman operates 2 networks broadcasting on 5
stations; 10 privately-owned radio stations operate alongside Radio
Cayman (2007)

Central African Republic
government-owned network, Radiodiffusion
Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting;
licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio
network is supplemented by a small number of privately-owned
broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Chad
1 state-owned TV broadcast station; state-owned radio network,
Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and
regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations
rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)

Chile
national and local terrestrial television channels, coupled
with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television
Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self-financed through commercial
advertising revenues and is not under direct government control;
large number of privately-owned TV stations; about 250 radio
stations (2007)

China
all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the
Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately-owned
television or radio stations with state-run Chinese Central TV,
provincial, and municipal stations offering more than 2,000
channels; the Central Propaganda Department lists subjects that are
off limits to domestic broadcast media with the government
maintaining authority to approve all programming; foreign-made TV
programs must be approved prior to broadcast (2008)

Christmas Island
1 community radio station; broadcasts of several
Australian radio and television stations are received via satellite
(2009)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1 local radio station staffed by community
volunteers; broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations
are received via satellite (2009)

Colombia
combination of state-owned and privately-owned broadcast
media provide service; more than 500 radio stations and large number
of national, regional, and local TV stations (2007)

Comoros
national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by
Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional
governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate
a radio station; a few independent and small community radio
stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and
these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV (2007)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
state-owned TV broadcast station
with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately-owned TV
stations with 2 having near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio
stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Congo, Republic of the
1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio
stations; several privately-owned TV and radio stations; satellite
TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international
broadcasters are available (2007)

Cook Islands
1 privately-owned TV station broadcasts from Rarotonga
providing a mix of local news and overseas-sourced programs; a
satellite program package is available; 6 radio stations broadcast
with 1 reportedly reaching all of the islands (2009)

Costa Rica
multiple privately-owned television stations and 1
publicly-owned television station; cable network services are widely
available; more than 100 privately-owned radio stations and a public
radio network (2007)

Cote d'Ivoire
state-owned television operates 2 stations; no private
terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is
available; state-owned radio operates 2 stations; some private radio
stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are
available (2007)

Croatia
the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian
Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, a
satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living
abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate
national terrestrial networks; about 15 privately-owned regional TV
stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services
are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national
radio networks and a number of regional radio stations; 2
privately-owned national radio networks and a large number of
regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2007)

Cuba
government owns and controls all broadcast media with private
ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4
national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates
6 national radio networks, an international station, and many local
radio stations; Radio-TV Marti is beamed from the US (2007)

Cyprus
mixture of state and privately-run television and radio
services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio
stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services
including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private
radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish
Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations,
and privately-owned TV and radio broadcast stations (2007)

Czech Republic
roughly 130 television broadcasters operating some
350 television channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder
in private hands; 13 television stations have national coverage with
4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription
services are available; about 70 radio broadcasters are registered
operating roughly 85 radio stations with 15 stations publicly
operated; 16 radio stations provide national coverage with the
remainder local or regional (2008)

Denmark
strong public-sector television presence with state-owned
Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 4 channels and publicly-owned TV2
operating roughly a half dozen channels; broadcasts of
privately-owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed;
DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 15 digital audio
broadcasting stations, and about 15 web-based radio stations;
approximately 250 commercial and community radio stations are
operational (2007)

Dhekelia
British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides
multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts
to the Dhekelia Sovereign Base (2009)

Djibouti
maintains restrictions on the licensing and operation of
broadcast media; state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti
(RTD) operates the sole terrestrial TV station as well as the only 2
domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations;
transmissions of several international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Dominica
no terrestrial television service available; subscription
cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus
channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean;
state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately-owned radio
broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)

Dominican Republic
combination of state-owned and privately-owned
broadcast media; 1 state-owned television network and a number of
private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals
throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately-owned
radio stations; more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)

Ecuador
private broadcast media dominate; all stations are
privately-owned except for 1 government-controlled station; multiple
television networks, a number of national TV channels, and a large
number of local channels; more than 400 radio stations; broadcast
media required by law to give the government free air time to
broadcast programs produced by the state (2007)

Egypt
mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV
operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks as well as a
few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a
large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via
subscription; state-run radio operates about 70 stations belonging
to 8 networks; 2 privately-owned radio stations operational (2008)

El Salvador
multiple privately-owned national terrestrial television
networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international
channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and 1
government-owned radio broadcast station (2007)

Equatorial Guinea
state maintains control of broadcast media with
domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1
state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the
president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible
(2007)

Eritrea
government controls broadcast media with private ownership
prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio operates 2
networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to
international broadcast media are permitted (2007)

Estonia
the publicly-owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling
(ERR), operates 2 television channels; national private TV channels
expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking
viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than
half of Estonian households connected; publicly-owned broadcaster,
ERR, operates 4 radio networks and there are a growing number of
private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally,
regionally, and locally (2008)

Ethiopia
1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationally and 1
public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13
administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and
roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
television service provided by a
multi-channel service provider; radio services provided by the
public broadcaster Falkland Islands Radio Service (FIRS),
broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies, and by the British
Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) (2007)

Faroe Islands
1 publicly-owned TV station; the Faroese
telecommunications company distributes local and international
channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly-owned
radio station supplemented by 2 privately-owned stations
broadcasting over multiple frequencies (2008)

Fiji
Fiji TV, a publicly-traded company, operates a free-to-air
channel as well as the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV
services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting
Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters
and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio
stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2009)

Finland
a mix of publicly-operated TV stations and privately-owned
TV stations; the 2 publicly-owned TV stations recently expanded
services and the largest private TV station has introduced several
special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel
subscription services are available; all TV signals have been
broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via
cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting
maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a
large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)

France
a mix of both publicly-operated and privately-owned TV
stations; state-owned France Televisions operates 4 networks, one of
which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in
several thematic cable/satellite channels and international
channels; a large number of privately-owned regional and local TV
stations; multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large
number of channels; public broadcaster Radio France operates 7
national networks, a series of regional networks, and operates
services for overseas territories and foreign audiences; Radio
France Internationale (RFI), under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
is a leading international broadcaster; a large number of commercial
FM stations, with many of them consolidating into commercial
networks (2008)

French Polynesia
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),
which operates in France's overseas departments and territories,
broadcasts on 2 television channels and 1 radio station; a
government-owned TV station is operating; a small number of
privately-owned radio stations also broadcast (2008)

Gabon
state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast
stations; a few private radio and TV stations are operational;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are
accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available (2007)

Gambia, The
state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned
radio station and 4 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of
multiple international broadcasters are available, some via
shortwave radio; foreign cable and satellite TV subscription
services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007)

Gaza Strip
1 television station and about 10 radio stations (2008)

Georgia
1 state-owned public television station in Tbilisi and 8
privately-owned TV stations; state-run public broadcaster operates 2
networks; dozens of cable TV operators and several major commercial
TV stations are operating; state-owned public radio broadcaster
operates 2 networks; several dozen private stations broadcast (2008)

Germany
a mixture of publicly-operated and privately-owned TV and
radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete
with nearly 400 privately-owned national and regional TV stations;
more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of
radio stations broadcasting including multiple national radio
networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio
stations (2008)

Ghana
state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several
privately-owned TV stations and a large number of privately-owned
radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters
are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services
are obtainable (2007)

Gibraltar
Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) provides
television and radio broadcasting services via 1 television station
and 4 radio stations; British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS)
operates 1 radio station; broadcasts from Spanish radio and TV
stations are accessible (2008)

Greece
broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150
private TV channels, about a dozen of the private channels broadcast
at the national or regional level; 3 publicly-owned terrestrial TV
channels with national coverage, 1 publicly-owned satellite channel,
and 3 stations designed for digital terrestrial transmissions;
multi-channel satellite and cable TV services obtainable; upwards of
1,500 radio stations broadcasting, nearly all of them
privately-owned; state-run broadcaster has 7 national stations, 2
international stations, and 19 regional stations (2007)

Greenland
the Greenland Broadcasting Company provides public radio
and television services throughout the island with a broadcast
station and a series of repeaters; a few private local television
and radio stations broadcast; Danish public radio rebroadcasts are
available (2007)

Grenada
the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the
government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and
Tobago, operates a television station and 2 radio stations;
multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen
private radio stations also broadcast (2007)

Guam
about a dozen TV broadcast channels, including digital
channels; multi-channel cable TV services are available; roughly 20
radio stations broadcasting (2009)

Guatemala
4 privately-owned national terrestrial TV channels
dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services
are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of
privately-owned radio stations (2007)

Guernsey
multiple UK terrestrial television broadcasts - received
via a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and
Alderney - will begin switching from analog to digital broadcasts in
November 2010; satellite packages are available; BBC Radio Guernsey
and 1 other radio station operating (2009)

Guinea
government maintains control over broadcast media; single
state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also
operates several stations in rural areas; about 20 privately-owned
radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community
radio stations; foreign television programming available via
satellite and cable subscription services (2008)

Guinea-Bissau
1 state-owned TV station and a second station, RTP
Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster RTP; 1
state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some
community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are
available (2007)

Guyana
government-dominated broadcast media; the National
Communications Network (NCN) TV is state-owned; a few private TV
stations relay satellite services; the state owns and operates 2
radio stations broadcasting on multiple frequencies capable of
reaching the entire country; government limits on licensing of new
private radio stations continue to constrain competition in
broadcast media (2007)

Haiti
several television stations, including 1 government-owned;
cable TV subscription service is available; government-owned radio
network; more than 250 private and community radio stations
operating with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)

Holy See (Vatican City)
the Vatican Television Center (CTV)
transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday
audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also
produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official
broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM
frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections (2008)

Honduras
multiple privately-owned terrestrial television networks,
supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the
lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately-owned
radio stations (2007)

Hong Kong
2 commercial terrestrial television networks each with
multiple stations; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems are
available; 3 radio networks, one of which is government-funded,
operate about 15 radio stations (2008)

Hungary
mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast
media and private broadcasters; the 3 publicly-owned TV channels and
the 2 main privately-owned TV stations are the major national
broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels have
emerged; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services
with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing multi-channel services; 3
state-supported public-service radio networks and 2 major national
commercial stations; a large number of local stations including
commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations
(2007)

Iceland
state-owned public television broadcaster operates 1 TV
channel nationally; several privately-owned TV stations broadcast
nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about
half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV
services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national
networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately-owned radio stations
operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage
(2007)

India
Doordarshan, India's public TV network, operates about 20
national, regional, and local services; large number of
privately-owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite
service providers; government controls AM radio with All India Radio
operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio
are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000,
privately-owned FM stations are permitted but limited to
broadcasting entertainment and educational content (2007)

Indonesia
mixture of about a dozen national television networks - 2
public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with
multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations operating;
widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio
broadcaster operates 6 national networks as well as regional and
local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations operating with
more than 650 privately-operated (2008)

Iran
state-run broadcast media with no private, independent
broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the
state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news
channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international
channels; about 20 foreign Persian-language TV stations broadcasting
on satellite TV are capable of being seen in Iran; satellite dishes
are illegal and, while their use had been tolerated, authorities
began confiscating satellite dishes following the unrest stemming
from the 2009 presidential election; IRIB operates 8 nationwide
networks, a number of provincial stations, and an external service;
most major international broadcasters transmit to Iran (2009)

Iraq
the number of private radio and television stations has
increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations
are operated by the publicly-funded Iraqi Public Broadcasting
Service; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political,
ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to an
estimated 70% of viewers and many of the broadcasters are based
abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters
are accessible (2007)

Ireland
publicly-owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE)
operates 2 TV stations; commercial television stations are
available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite
and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE
operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio
broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast
stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2007)

Isle of Man
national public radio broadcasts over 3 FM stations and
1 AM station; 2 commercial broadcasters operating with 1 having
multiple FM stations; receives radio and TV services via relays from
British TV and radio broadcasters (2008)

Israel
state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel
Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in
Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a
channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset
proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body;
multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to
foreign channels; IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple
repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple
stations; about 15 privately-owned radio stations; overall more than
100 stations and repeater stations operating (2008)

Italy
two Italian media giants - the publicly-owned Radiotelevisione
Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and
privately-owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations -
dominate; additional broadcasts by a large number of private
stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3
AM/FM nationwide radio stations; some 1,300 commercial radio
stations (2007)

Jamaica
privately-owned Radio Jamaica Limited and its subsidiaries
operate multiple television stations, subscription cable services,
and radio stations; 2 other privately-owned television stations
broadcast; roughly 70 radio stations (2007)

Jan Mayen
a coastal radio station has been remotely operated since
1994 (2008)

Japan
a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio
stations; 5 national terrestrial television networks including 1
public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations
available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable
services provide access to international channels (2008)

Jersey
multiple UK terrestrial television broadcasts - received via
a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and
Alderney - will begin switching from analog to digital broadcasts in
November 2010; satellite packages available; BBC Radio Jersey and 1
other radio station operating (2009)

Jordan
radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio
and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a
sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first
independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV
and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio
stations operational with JRTV operating the main government-owned
station; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters
are available (2007)

Kazakhstan
state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission
facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all
nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government;
some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized and are
controlled by the president's daughter, who heads the Khabar Agency
that runs multiple TV and radio stations; a number of
privately-owned TV stations; households with satellite dishes have
access to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stations
operating along with state-run radio stations (2008)

Kenya
about a half-dozen privately-owned TV stations and a
state-owned television broadcaster that operates 2 channels;
satellite and cable TV subscription services are available;
state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and
provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; a
large number of private radio broadcasters, including provincial
stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several
international broadcasters are available (2007)

Kiribati
1 television broadcast station that provides about 1 hour
of local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packages
provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated
radio station broadcasting on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)

Korea, North
no independent media; radios and televisions are
pre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned television
stations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean
Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea
operates an external broadcast service; the government prohibits
listening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2008)

Korea, South
multiple national television networks with 2 of the 3
largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately-owned
network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other
commercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription services
are available; publicly-operated radio broadcast networks and a
large number of privately-owned radio broadcasting networks, each
with multiple affiliates, and independent local stations (2008)

Kuwait
state-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and a
satellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emerged
since 2003; satellite TV is available with pan-Arab TV stations
especially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a number
of channels in Arabic and English; first private radio station
emerged in 2005; transmissions of at least 2 international radio
broadcasters are available (2007)

Kyrgyzstan
state-run television broadcaster operates 2 nationwide
networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations
operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio
broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations
operating (2007)

Laos
2 television stations operating out of Vientiane - 1
government-operated and the other jointly-owned by the government
and a Thai company; roughly 15 provincial stations operating with
nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the
government-operated station in Vientiane; relays from Hanoi provide
access to a Vietnamese television station; broadcasts available from
stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel
satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of
foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao
National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 2 SW, and
2 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite
constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the
provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border
areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are
also accessible (2008)

Latvia
several national and regional commercial TV stations are
foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly-owned; system
supplemented by privately-owned regional and local TV stations;
cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and
foreign broadcasts are available; publicly-owned broadcaster
operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the
country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations
(2007)

Lebanon
7 TV stations in operation, 1 of which is state-owned; more
than 30 radio stations, 1 of which is state-owned; satellite and
cable TV services are available; transmissions of at least 2
international broadcasters are accessible through partner stations
(2007)

Lesotho
1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations;
government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV
subscription service is available; transmissions of multiple
international broadcasters are obtainable (2008)

Liberia
3 private TV stations; satellite TV service is available; 1
state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations
broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating
in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are
available (2007)

Libya
state controls broadcast media; state-owned terrestrial TV
station and about a half-dozen state-owned satellite stations
broadcast; some provinces operate local TV stations; a single,
non-state-owned TV station launched in 2007; pan-Arab satellite TV
stations are available; state-owned radio broadcasts on a number of
frequencies, some of which carry regional programming; Voice of
Africa, Libya's external radio service, can also be heard; a single,
non-state-owned radio station broadcasting (2007)

Liechtenstein
relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite
broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first
Liechtenstein-based television station established August 2008;
Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based
broadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)

Lithuania
public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third
channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various
privately-owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and
multiple regional channels; large number of privately-owned local TV
stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are
available; publicly-owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks;
large number of privately-owned commercial broadcasters, many with
repeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)

Luxembourg
Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV
services to pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest
privately-owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates
45 television stations and 31 radio stations in Europe; also home to
Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des
Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radio
networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French
and German stations are available; satellite and cable TV services
are accessible (2008)

Macau
local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television
stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in
Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; cable and
satellite TV services are available; 3 radio stations broadcasting,
of which 2 are government-operated (2008)

Macedonia
public television broadcaster operates 3 national channels
and a satellite network; 5 privately-owned TV channels broadcast
nationally; roughly 50 local commercial TV stations broadcasting;
large number of cable operators offering domestic and international
programming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiple
stations; 3 privately-owned radio stations broadcast nationally;
roughly 65 local commercial radio stations functioning (2007)

Madagascar
state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television
Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach;
privately-owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns;
state-run radio predominates in rural areas; relays of 2
international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)

Malawi
radio is the main broadcast medium; state-run radio has the
widest geographic broadcasting reach, but about a dozen
privately-owned radio stations broadcast in major urban areas; the
single television network is government-owned; relays of multiple
international broadcasters are available (2007)

Malaysia
state-owned television broadcaster operates 2 TV networks
with relays throughout the country, and the leading private
commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays
throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is
available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national
networks as well as regional and local stations; large number of
private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription
satellite radio services are available; about 400 radio stations
overall (2008)

Maldives
state-owned radio and television monopoly until recently;
by mid-2008 there were 5 radio broadcast stations operating; first
private cable TV channel now operational with an additional 4
private TV channels in the regulatory pipeline (2008)

Mali
national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately-owned companies
provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages;
national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of
privately-owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of
multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Malta
1 publicly-owned television station, Television Malta (TVM);
several national television stations, two of which are owned by
political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are
available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are
obtainable; publicly-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 stations;
roughly 50 commercial radio stations functioning (2008)

Marshall Islands
no television broadcast station; a cable network is
available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and
satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces
Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and
television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)

Mauritania
broadcast media state-owned; 1 state-run TV and 1
state-run radio network; Television de Mauritanie, the state-run TV
station, has an additional 6 regional TV stations that provide local
programming (2008)

Mauritius
the government maintains control over TV broadcasting
through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates
3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local
company that operates 2 pay TV stations; the state retains the
largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several
private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001;
transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Mayotte
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which
operates in France's overseas departments and territories,
broadcasts over the RFO Mayotte television and radio station (2008)

Mexico
large number of television stations and more than 1,400 radio
stations, most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had a
virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and
foreign satellite and cable operators are now available (2007)

Micronesia, Federated States of
no television broadcast stations;
each state has a multi-channel cable service with television
transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local
programming; about a half dozen radio stations in operation (2009)

Moldova
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2
television and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TV
channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and
Romanian channels also are available (2007)

Monaco
TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; Radio Monte-Carlo
has both an Italian-language and a French-language network; a few
private radio stations operating (2008)

Mongolia
following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio
and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also
available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as
multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio
stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public
broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters
are available (2008)

Montenegro
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2
terrestrial television networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio
networks; roughly a dozen privately-owned TV broadcasters operate
networks nationally, regionally, and locally; in addition to the 2
state-owned national radio networks, roughly 50 privately-owned
radio stations and networks broadcast (2007)

Montserrat
Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits
on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station;
repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and
Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV are
obtainable (2007)

Morocco
2 television broadcast networks with state-run
Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state
partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via
satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one;
the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in
addition to its national service (2007)

Mozambique
1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV
station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and
Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides
nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple
languages; a number of privately-owned and community-operated
stations also broadcast; transmissions of multiple international
broadcasters are available (2007)

Namibia
1 private and 1 state-run television station; satellite and
cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in
multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations operating;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Nauru
1 government-owned television station broadcasting programs
from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1
government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes
Australian and British programs (2009)

Navassa Island
no television or radio broadcast stations (2009)

Nepal
state operates 2 television stations as well as national and
regional radio stations; more than 60 independent radio stations and
a small number of independent television stations (2007)

Netherlands
more than 90% of households are connected to cable or
satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and
foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple
broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in
regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television
companies, each with 3 or more stations, and a large number of
commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600
radio stations operating with a mix of public and private stations
providing national or regional coverage (2008)

New Caledonia
the publicly-owned French Overseas Network (RFO),
which operates in France's overseas departments and territories,
broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle Caledonie television and radio
stations; a small number of privately-owned radio stations also
broadcast (2008)

New Zealand
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple
television networks while state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3
radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South
Pacific region; a small number of national commercial television and
radio stations and a large number of regional commercial television
and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are
accessible (2008)

Nicaragua
multiple privately-owned terrestrial television networks,
supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radio
broadcast stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaragua
is government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by the
Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)

Niger
state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of
local and foreign programming; only national radio station with
national reach is state-run; about 30 private radio stations operate
locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast;
transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
(2007)

Nigeria
nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and
regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several
private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription
services are available; network of federal-government-controlled
national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40
state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own
programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations
also operate; transmissions of international broadcasters are
available (2007)

Niue
1 government-owned television station with many of the programs
supplied by Television New Zealand; 1 government-owned radio station
broadcasting in AM and FM (2009)

Norfolk Island
1 local radio station; broadcasts of several
Australian radio and television stations are received via satellite
(2009)

Northern Mariana Islands
1 TV broadcast station on Saipan;
multi-channel cable TV services are available on Saipan; 9 licensed
radio broadcast stations (2009)

Norway
state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide
television stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional
radio stations; roughly a dozen privately-owned television stations
broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations are
available; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel
cable or satellite TV systems; 2 privately-owned radio stations
broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)

Oman
1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from Saudi
Arabia, the UAE, and Yemen are accessible via satellite TV;
state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radio
station began operation in 2007 and 2 additional stations now
operating (2007)

Pakistan
media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV
broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a
network consisting of 6 channels; private TV broadcasters are
permitted and some foreign satellite channels are carried by cable
TV operators; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40
stations; privately-owned radio stations mostly limit programming to
music and talk shows (2007)

Palau
no television broadcast stations; a cable television network
covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a
delayed basis, of a number of US stations as well as access to a
number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio
stations with 1 government-owned (2009)

Panama
multiple privately-owned television networks and a
government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and
satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100
commercial radio stations (2007)