Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (107)

Moldova
Ukraine 19.9%, Romania 15.1%, Russia 14.52%, Germany 8.69%,
Italy 5.7%, Belarus 4.38% (2009)

Mongolia
China 35.99%, Russia 31.56%, South Korea 7.08%, Japan 4.8%
(2009)

Montenegro
Italy 17.54%, Slovenia 14.62%, Germany 10.5%, Austria
7.82%, China 7.82%, Russia 4.4%, Hungary 4.11%, Greece 4.11%,
Netherlands 3.96% (2009)

Morocco
France 16.95%, Spain 14.72%, China 7.1%, Italy 6.76%,
Germany 6.28%, US 5.66%, Saudi Arabia 5.11% (2009)

Mozambique
South Africa 33.54%, Netherlands 8.42%, India 5.93%,
China 4.24% (2009)

Nepal
India 57%, China 13% (2009)

Netherlands
Germany 17.16%, China 11.58%, Belgium 8.68%, US 7.77%,
UK 5.72%, Russia 4.47%, France 4.4% (2009)

New Caledonia
France 39.89%, Singapore 14.12%, Australia 12.5%, NZ
5.42% (2009)

New Zealand
Australia 18.4%, China 15.09%, US 10.45%, Japan 7.24%,
Germany 4.16%, Singapore 4.12% (2009)

Nicaragua
US 22.63%, Venezuela 12.27%, Mexico 9.05%, Costa Rica
8.66%, China 7.16%, Guatemala 6.59%, El Salvador 5.63% (2009)

Niger
China 16.32%, France 15.95%, Netherlands 7.66%, Algeria 7.15%,
French Polynesia 6.11%, Nigeria 5.48%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.15%, US 4.05%
(2009)

Nigeria
China 14.89%, US 8.88%, Netherlands 8.18%, South Korea
5.46%, UK 4.63%, France 4.19% (2009)

Norway
Sweden 13.86%, Germany 12.89%, China 7.8%, Denmark 6.78%, US
6.16%, UK 6.01% (2009)

Oman
UAE 22.9%, Japan 13.99%, US 6.46%, China 5.64%, India 5.27%,
France 5.19%, South Korea 4.65% (2009)

Pakistan
China 15.35%, Saudi Arabia 10.54%, UAE 9.8%, US 4.81%,
Kuwait 4.73%, Malaysia 4.43%, India 4.02% (2009)

Panama
Japan 36.21%, Singapore 16.86%, US 12.3%, China 7.84% (2009)

Papua New Guinea
Australia 43.27%, China 13.29%, Singapore 9.59%, US
6.4%, Japan 4.62% (2009)

Paraguay
China 30%, Brazil 23%, Argentina 16%, US 5% (2009)

Peru
US 23.96%, China 10.74%, Ecuador 7.25%, Brazil 7.19%, Chile
5.68%, Argentina 5.59%, Mexico 5.02% (2009)

Philippines
Japan 12.5%, US 12%, China 8.8%, Singapore 8.7%, South
Korea 7.9% (2009)

Poland
Germany 28.08%, Russia 8.65%, Italy 6.5%, Netherlands 5.59%,
China 5.27%, France 4.6%, Czech Republic 4.05% (2009)

Portugal
Spain 31.58%, Germany 12.41%, France 8.58%, Italy 5.55%,
Netherlands 5.31% (2009)

Qatar
US 13.43%, Italy 8.34%, South Korea 8.33%, Japan 8.04%,
Germany 7.31%, France 6.26%, UK 5.59%, China 5%, UAE 4.67%, Saudi
Arabia 3.96% (2009)

Romania
Germany 17.3%, Italy 11.78%, Hungary 8.36%, France 6.14%,
China 4.91%, Austria 4.75% (2009)

Russia
Germany 14.39%, China 13.98%, Ukraine 5.48%, Italy 4.84%, US
4.46% (2009)

Rwanda
Kenya 16.53%, Uganda 14.92%, China 7.92%, UAE 6.89%, Belgium
5.54%, Germany 5.19%, Tanzania 4.81%, Sweden 4% (2009)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
US 43.37%, Trinidad and Tobago 15.26%, Italy
11.83% (2009)

Saint Lucia
Brazil 83.44%, US 4.67%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.56% (2009)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Singapore 16.16%, Trinidad and
Tobago 13.71%, US 13.41%, China 10.9%, Italy 8.89%, Turkey 6.6%,
France 5.64%, Romania 4.44% (2009)

Samoa
NZ 24.13%, Fiji 17.34%, Singapore 12.54%, China 10.02%,
Australia 9.85%, US 5.95% (2009)

Sao Tome and Principe
Portugal 58.9%, Brazil 6.68%, US 4.71%, Japan
4.49% (2009)

Saudi Arabia
US 12.32%, China 12.06%, Germany 7.67%, Japan 6.15%,
South Korea 5.32%, India 4.99%, UK 4.72%, France 4.05% (2009)

Senegal
France 19.58%, UK 9.64%, China 8.08%, Netherlands 5.64%,
Thailand 4.75%, US 3.97% (2009)

Serbia
Germany 11.79%, Italy 9.36%, Hungary 6.71%, Slovenia 6.52%,
Austria 4.79% (2009)

Seychelles
Saudi Arabia 16.44%, India 8.33%, Spain 7.49%, South
Africa 6.72%, France 6.39%, Brazil 6.07%, Singapore 5.07% (2009)

Sierra Leone
South Africa 14.61%, China 7.58%, US 5.87%, Cote
d'Ivoire 5.65%, India 5.19%, Malaysia 5.19%, France 5.08%, UK 4.48%,
Netherlands 4.06% (2009)

Singapore
US 14.7%, Malaysia 11.6%, China 10.5%, Japan 7.6%,
Indonesia 5.8%, South Korea 5.7%, Taiwan 5.22% (2009)

Sint Maarten
China 17.35%, Japan 14.79%, US 8.96%, Saudi Arabia
6.89% (2009)

Slovakia
Germany 16.8%, Czech Republic 12.3%, Russia 9%, South Korea
6.8%, China 5.8%, Hungary 5.3%, Poland 4% (2009)

Slovenia
Germany 16.46%, Italy 15.89%, Austria 11.81%, France 4.98%,
Croatia 4.32% (2009)

Solomon Islands
Singapore 24.69%, Australia 23.06%, NZ 5.2%, Fiji
4.47%, Papua New Guinea 4.34%, Malaysia 3.98% (2009)

Somalia
Djibouti 30.84%, Kenya 8.06%, India 7.86%, China 6.97%,
Brazil 6.59%, Yemen 4.97%, Oman 4.72%, UAE 4.6% (2009)

South Africa
China 17.21%, Germany 11.24%, US 7.38%, Saudi Arabia
4.87%, Japan 4.67%, Iran 3.95% (2009)

Spain
Germany 15.02%, France 12.82%, Italy 7.17%, China 5.8%,
Netherlands 5.22%, UK 4.7% (2009)

Sri Lanka
India 20.73%, China 13.45%, Singapore 7.26%, Iran 6.7%,
South Korea 5.23% (2009)

Sudan
China 21.87%, Saudi Arabia 7.22%, Egypt 6.1%, India 5.53%, UAE
5.3% (2009)

Suriname
US 30.79%, Netherlands 19.17%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.04%,
China 6.8%, Japan 5.85% (2009)

Sweden
Germany 17.9%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 8.7%, Netherlands 6.17%,
UK 5.56%, Finland 5.14%, France 5.06%, China 4.79% (2009)

Switzerland
Germany 27.19%, Italy 10.42%, US 9.61%, France 7.69%,
Netherlands 4.35% (2009)

Syria
Saudi Arabia 10.1%, China 9.95%, Turkey 6.97%, Egypt 6.44%,
UAE 4.97%, Italy 4.93%, Russia 4.92%, Germany 4.38%, Lebanon 4.12%
(2009)

Taiwan
Japan 20.7%, China 14%, US 10.3%, South Korea 6%, Saudi
Arabia 4.8% (2009)

Tajikistan
Russia 23.92%, China 23.74%, Kazakhstan 8.92%, Turkey
4.96%, Uzbekistan 4.73% (2009)

Tanzania
India 13.97%, China 13.71%, South Africa 7.8%, Kenya 6.89%,
UAE 4.65%, Japan 4.34% (2009)

Thailand
Japan 18.7%, China 12.7%, Malaysia 6.4%, US 6.3%, UAE 5%,
Singapore 4.3%, South Korea 4.1% (2009)

Togo
China 36.58%, France 8.64%, Netherlands 6.76%, India 5.06%, US
4.4% (2009)

Tonga
Fiji 34.37%, NZ 25.03%, US 9.43%, Australia 7.53%, China 5.64%
(2009)

Trinidad and Tobago
US 30.87%, Colombia 7.1%, Venezuela 7.01%,
Russia 6.64%, Brazil 5.53%, China 4.19% (2009)

Tunisia
France 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain
4.5%, US 4% (2009)

Turkey
Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%,
France 5% (2009)

Turkmenistan
China 18.03%, Turkey 16.49%, Russia 16.45%, Germany
5.91%, UAE 5.81%, Ukraine 5.67%, US 5.41%, France 4.32% (2009)

Uganda
Kenya 13.9%, India 12.79%, UAE 11.16%, China 8.91%, South
Africa 5.08%, France 4.6%, Japan 4.37%, US 4.07% (2009)

Ukraine
Russia 28%, Germany 8.6%, China 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.9%,
Poland 4.9% (2009)

United Arab Emirates
China 15.03%, India 14.27%, US 8.44%, Germany
5.81%, Japan 4.52% (2009)

United Kingdom
Germany 12.87%, US 9.74%, China 8.88%, Netherlands
6.94%, France 6.64%, Belgium 4.86%, Norway 4.84%, Ireland 4.01%,
Italy 3.99% (2009)

United States
China 19.3%, Canada 14.24%, Mexico 11.12%, Japan
6.14%, Germany 4.53% (2009)

Uruguay
Argentina 20.77%, Brazil 17.53%, China 10.23%, US 9.82%,
Paraguay 6.87% (2009)

Uzbekistan
Russia 23.72%, China 20.36%, South Korea 13.03%, Germany
6.09%, Ukraine 5.39%, Kazakhstan 4.68% (2009)

Vanuatu
Japan 17.3%, Australia 13.46%, China 12.26%, Singapore 12%,
NZ 6.88%, Poland 6.61%, France 5.86%, Fiji 5.52% (2009)

Venezuela
US 23.66%, Colombia 14.43%, Brazil 9.13%, China 8.44%,
Mexico 5.47% (2009)

Vietnam
China 16.42%, Singapore 9.61%, Japan 8.96%, Taiwan 8.23%,
South Korea 7.72%, Thailand 6.41%, Hong Kong 4.45%, US 4.27% (2009)

World
China 10.3%, Germany 8.7%, US 8%, Japan 5% (2008 est.)

Yemen
China 13.98%, UAE 12.3%, India 8.63%, Saudi Arabia 5.8%, US
4.52%, Brazil 4.51%, Turkey 4.51%, Kuwait 4.33%, France 4.24% (2009)

Zambia
South Africa 51.78%, UAE 7.7%, China 5.85%, Democratic
Republic of the Congo 4.22% (2009)

Zimbabwe
South Africa 62.24%, China 4.2% (2009)

======================================================================

@2062

Field Listing ::

Country

======================================================================

@2063

Field Listing :: Constitution

This entry includes the dates of adoption, revisions, and major
amendments.
Country

Constitution

Afghanistan
constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004;
signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004

Akrotiri
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in
Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal
document

Albania
approved by parliament on 21 October 1998; adopted by
popular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998

Algeria
8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22
November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, 28
November 1996, 10 April 2002, and 12 November 2008

American Samoa
ratified on 2 June 1966; effective 1 July 1967

Andorra
Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991;
approved by referendum 14 March 1993; effective 28 April 1993

Angola
adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992

Anguilla
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981

Argentina
1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860

Armenia
adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments
adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005

Aruba
1 January 1986

Australia
9 July 1900; effective on 1 January 1901

Austria
1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; note - during the
period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative)
constitution in place

Azerbaijan
adopted 12 November 1995; modified by referendum 24
August 2002

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973

Bahrain
adopted 14 February 2002

Bangladesh
4 November 1972; effective 16 December 1972; suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982; restored 10 November 1986; amended
many times

Barbados
30 November 1966

Belarus
15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits

Belgium
7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to
create a federal state

Belize
21 September 1981

Benin
adopted by referendum 2 December 1990

Bermuda
8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan
ratified 18 July 2008

Bolivia
7 February 2009

Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Peace Accords, signed on 14
December 1995 in Paris, included a constitution; note - each of the
entities also has its own constitution

Botswana
March 1965; effective 30 September 1966

Brazil
5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands
13 June 2007

Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)

Bulgaria
adopted on 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso
approved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11
June 1991; last amended January 2002

Burma
3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; a
constitution officially received 92.48% support in a flawed May 2008
referendum that most observers judged fell far short of
international standards of free and fair elections; note - a new
constitution is to take effect when a parliament is convened
possibly in late January 2011

Burundi
ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005

Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon
approved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972;
revised January 1996

Canada
made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial
decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution
consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a
federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April
1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from
Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde
25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995
substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision
created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009, 6
November 2009

Central African Republic
ratified by popular referendum 5 December
2004; effective 27 December 2004

Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum
removed constitutional term limits

Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989,
1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005

China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982 with amendments in
1988, 1993, 1999, 2004

Christmas Island
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as
amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23
November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Colombia
5 July 1991; amended many times

Comoros
23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
18 February 2006

Congo, Republic of the
approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands
4 August 1965

Costa Rica
7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire
approved by referendum 23 July 2000

Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba
24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Curacao
Staatsregeling, 10 October 2010; revised Kingdom Charter
pending

Cyprus
16 August 1960
note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer
participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for
a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better
relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared independence in
1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country
other than Turkey

Czech Republic
ratified on 16 December 1992, effective on 1 January
1993; amended in 1997, 2000, 2001 (twice), 2002

Denmark
5 June 1953; note - constitution allowed for a unicameral
legislature and a female chief of state

Dhekelia
Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in
Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal
document

Djibouti
approved by referendum 4 September 1992; note -
constitution allows for multiparties

Dominica
3 November 1978

Dominican Republic
28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 and
January 2010

Ecuador
20 October 2008

Egypt
11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26
March 2007

El Salvador
20 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995

Eritrea
adopted on 23 May 1997, but has not yet been fully
implemented

Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia
ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union
none
note: based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set
up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the
Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC)
and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the
Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback
to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council
agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental
Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form;
this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a
constitution and was presented to the European Council in October
2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish
voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process; the
Reform Treaty, more recently known as the Treaty of Lisbon, was
again circulated for ratification, and by November 2009 was approved
by all 27 countries; it came into effect on 1 December 2009

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1 January 2009

Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji
enacted on 25 July 1997; effective on 28 July 1998; note - it
encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory

Finland
1 March 2000

France
adopted by referendum 28 September 1958; effective 4 October
1958; amended many times
note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to
comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam
Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in
1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to
a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional
treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that
the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by
referendum

French Polynesia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective
16 January 1997

Georgia
adopted 24 August 1995

Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united Germany 3 October 1990

Ghana
approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar
5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007

Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland
(November 2008) Act on Greenland Self Government

Grenada
19 December 1973

Guam
Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950

Guatemala
31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended 25 May
1993; reinstated 5 June 1993; amended November 1993

Guernsey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea
23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau
16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26
February 1993, 9 June 1993, and in 1996

Guyana
6 October 1980

Haiti
approved March 1987
note: suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989;
constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September
1991, although in October 1991 military government claimed to be
observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in
October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between
2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May
2006

Holy See (Vatican City)
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN
PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaced
the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras
11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many
times

Hong Kong
Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National
People's Congress, is Hong Kong's charter

Hungary
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April
1972; 18 October 1989; and 1997
note: 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals
and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and
also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997
amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland
16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times

India
26 January 1950; amended many times

Indonesia
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of
amendments concluded in 2002

Iran
2-3 December 1979; revised in 1989
note: the revision in 1989 expanded powers of the presidency and
eliminated the prime ministership

Iraq
ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the
Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum)

Ireland
adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937

Isle of Man
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of
1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Israel
no formal constitution; some of the functions of a
constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),
the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli
citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and
Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft
constitution

Italy
passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended
many times

Jamaica
6 August 1962

Japan
3 May 1947

Jersey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan
1 January 1952; amended many times

Kazakhstan
first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January
1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995

Kenya
27 August 2010; the new constitution abolishes the position of
prime minister and establishes a bicameral legislature; many details
have yet to be finalized and will require significant legislative
action

Kiribati
12 July 1979

Korea, North
adopted 1948; revised several times most recently in
2009

Korea, South
17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten many times;
current constitution approved on 29 October 1987

Kosovo
adopted by the Kosovo Assembly on 9 April 2008; effective 15
June 2008

Kuwait
approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan
27 June 2010

Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991; amended in 2003

Latvia
15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law
of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21
August 1991; multiple amendments since

Lebanon
23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently in
1990 to include changes necessitated by the Charter of Lebanese
National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989

Lesotho
2 April 1993

Liberia
6 January 1986

Libya
none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow
of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced
the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in
December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the
Establishment of the People's Authority

Liechtenstein
5 October 1921; amended 15 September 2003

Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992; last amended 13 July 2004

Luxembourg
17 October 1868; occasional revisions

Macau
Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National
People's Congress, is Macau's charter

Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;
amended November 2001, 2005 and in 2009
note: amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional
amendments strengthening minority rights, in 2005 with amendments
related to the judiciary, and in 2009 with amendments related to the
threshold required to elect the president

Madagascar
passed by referendum 17 November 2010; promulgated 11
December 2010 (2010)

Malawi
18 May 1994

Malaysia
31 August 1957; amended many times the latest in 2007

Maldives
new constitution ratified 7 August 2008

Mali
adopted 12 January 1992

Malta
1964; amended many times

Marshall Islands
1 May 1979

Mauritania
12 July 1991

Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico
5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979

Moldova
adopted 29 July 1994; effective 27 August 1994; note -
replaced 1979 Soviet constitution

Monaco
17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002

Mongolia
13 January 1992

Montenegro
approved 19 October 2007 (by the Assembly)

Montserrat
effective 19 December 1989

Morocco
10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September
1996
note: the amendment of September 1996 was to create a bicameral
legislature

Mozambique
30 November 1990

Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Nauru
29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968

Nepal
15 January 2007 (interim Constitution); note - in April 2008,
a Constituent Assembly was elected to draft and promulgate a new
constitution by May 2010, but the deadline has been extended to May
2011

Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002

New Caledonia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand
consists of a series of legal documents, including
certain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as The
Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;
adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987

Nicaragua
9 January 1987; revised in 1995, 2000, and 2005

Niger
adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria
adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999

Niue
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island Act of 1979 as amended in 2005

Northern Mariana Islands
Constitution of the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant
Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986

Norway
17 May 1814; amended many times

Oman
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a
constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal
succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from
holding interests in companies doing business with the government,
establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil
liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan
12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December
1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended
31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December
2007; amended 19 April 2010

Palau
1 January 1981

Panama
11 October 1972; revised in 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975

Paraguay
promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru
29 December 1993

Philippines
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands
The Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, effective 4
March 2010

Poland
adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by
national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997

Portugal
adopted 2 April 1976; subsequently revised
note: the revisions placed the military under strict civilian
control, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the
groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; they allowed
for the privatization of nationalized firms and government-owned
communications media

Puerto Rico
ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July
1952; effective 25 July 1952

Qatar
ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by
the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005

Romania
8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003

Russia
adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda
new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003

Saint Barthelemy
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
The Saint Helena,
Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009, effective 1
September 2009

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979

Saint Martin
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979

Samoa
1 January 1962

San Marino
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe
approved March 1990, effective 10 September
1990

Saudi Arabia
governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that
articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was
promulgated by royal decree in 1992

Senegal
adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia
adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006

Seychelles
18 June 1993

Sierra Leone
1 October 1991; amended several times

Singapore
3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on pre-independence State
of Singapore Constitution)

Sint Maarten
Staatsregeling, 10 October 2010; revised Kingdom
Charter pending

Slovakia
ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;
changed in September 1998; amended February 2001
note: the change in September 1998 allowed direct election of the
president; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to apply
for NATO and EU membership

Slovenia
adopted 23 December 1991, amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July
2000

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978

Somalia
25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as
the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing

South Africa
10 December 1996; note - certified by the
Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996; was signed by then
President MANDELA on 10 December 1996; and entered into effect on 4
February 1997

Spain
approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum
6 December 1978; signed by the king 27 December 1978

Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; amended
20 December 2001

Sudan
Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005
note: under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Interim National
Constitution was ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern
Sudan was signed December 2005

Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987

Swaziland
signed by the King in July 2005; went into effect on 8
February 2006

Sweden
1 January 1975

Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,
officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria
13 March 1973

Taiwan
adopted on 25 December 1946; promulgated on 1 January 1947;
effective 25 December 1947; amended numerous times

Tajikistan
6 November 1994

Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand
24 August 2007

Timor-Leste
20 May 2002 (effective date)

Togo
adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended
in 1970

Tonga
4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976

Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey
7 November 1982; amended 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, 2007 and
2010; note - amendment passed by referendum concerning presidential
elections on 21 October 2007

Turkmenistan
adopted 26 September 2008

Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution
(Interim Amendment) Order 2009, S.I. 2009/701 - effective 14 August
2009 - suspended Ministerial government, the House of Assembly, and
the constitutional right to trial by jury, and imposed direct
British rule

Tuvalu
1 October 1978

Uganda
8 October 1995; amended in 2005
note: the amendments in 2005 removed presidential term limits and
legalized a multiparty political system

Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice

United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay
27 November 1966; effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27
June 1973; revised 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997

Uzbekistan
adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu
30 July 1980

Venezuela
30 December 1999

Vietnam
15 April 1992

Virgin Islands
Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen
16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia
24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential
term limits

Zimbabwe
21 December 1979

======================================================================

@2064

Field Listing ::

Country

======================================================================

@2065

Field Listing ::

Country

======================================================================

@2066

Field Listing :: Death rate

This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year
per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The
death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation
in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on
population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age
distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the
overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at
all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Death rate(deaths/1,000 population)

Afghanistan
17.65 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Albania
6.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Algeria
4.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

American Samoa
4.09 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Andorra
6.21 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Angola
23.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Anguilla
4.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
5.77 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Argentina
7.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Armenia
8.42 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Aruba
7.76 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Australia
6.81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Austria
10.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Azerbaijan
8.28 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bahamas, The
6.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bahrain
4.37 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bangladesh
5.81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Barbados
8.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Belarus
13.81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Belgium
10.5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Belize
5.82 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Benin
9.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bermuda
7.43 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bhutan
7.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bolivia
6.95 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
8.71 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Botswana
9.02 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Brazil
6.35 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands
4.41 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Brunei
3.32 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Bulgaria
14.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Burkina Faso
13.02 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Burma
8.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Burundi
9.87 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cambodia
8.19 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cameroon
12.01 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Canada
7.87 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cape Verde
6.41 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cayman Islands
5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Central African Republic
15.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010
est.)

Chad
15.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Chile
5.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

China
6.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Comoros
7.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
11.39 deaths/1,000 population
(July 2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
11.75 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cook Islands
7.22 deaths/1,000 population NA

Costa Rica
4.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
10.43 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Croatia
11.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Cuba
7.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Curacao
8 deaths/1,000 population (2009)

Cyprus
6.42 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Czech Republic
10.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Denmark
10.19 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Djibouti
8.37 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Dominica
8.12 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Dominican Republic
4.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Ecuador
5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Egypt
4.85 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

El Salvador
5.61 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Eritrea
8.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Estonia
13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Ethiopia
11.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

European Union
10.33 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
8.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Fiji
5.88 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Finland
10.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

France
8.65 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

French Polynesia
4.8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Gabon
12.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Gambia, The
12.03 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Gaza Strip
3.36 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Georgia
9.79 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Germany
11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Ghana
8.93 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Gibraltar
8.17 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Greece
10.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Greenland
8.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Grenada
7.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guam
4.64 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guatemala
5.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guernsey
8.35 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guinea
10.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
15.52 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Guyana
7.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Haiti
8.21 deaths/1,000 population
note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those
of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of
the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely
correspond to those of 2009 (2011 est.)

Honduras
4.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Hong Kong
6.91 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Hungary
12.67 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Iceland
6.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

India
7.53 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Indonesia
6.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Iran
5.94 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Iraq
4.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Ireland
6.3 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Isle of Man
9.87 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Israel
5.45 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Italy
10.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Jamaica
6.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Japan
9.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Jersey
7.49 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Jordan
2.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Kazakhstan
9.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Kenya
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Kiribati
7.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Korea, North
10.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Korea, South
6.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Kuwait
2.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
6.85 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Laos
8.28 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Latvia
13.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Lebanon
6.46 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Lesotho
15.71 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Liberia
10.88 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Libya
3.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Liechtenstein
7.49 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Lithuania
11.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Luxembourg
8.46 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Macau
3.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Macedonia
8.87 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Madagascar
7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Malawi
13.69 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Malaysia
4.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Maldives
3.68 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mali
14.64 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Malta
8.49 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Marshall Islands
4.42 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mauritania
9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mauritius
6.63 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mayotte
7.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mexico
4.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
4.4 deaths/1,000 population (July
2010 est.)

Moldova
10.76 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Monaco
8.01 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mongolia
6.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Montenegro
8.76 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Montserrat
7.82 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Morocco
4.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Mozambique
19.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Namibia
12.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Nauru
6.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Nepal
6.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Netherlands
8.78 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

New Caledonia
5.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

New Zealand
7.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Nicaragua
4.28 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Niger
14.47 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Nigeria
16.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Niue
NA

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
3.17 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010
est.)

Norway
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Oman
3.47 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Pakistan
7.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Palau
7.81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Panama
4.62 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea
6.62 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Paraguay
4.55 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Peru
6.13 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Philippines
5.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Portugal
10.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Puerto Rico
7.82 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Qatar
2.44 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Romania
11.78 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Russia
16.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Rwanda
10.19 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
6.91 deaths/1,000
population (July 2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
7.11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Saint Lucia
6.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
8.41 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010
est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
6.94 deaths/1,000 population (July
2010 est.)

Samoa
5.36 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

San Marino
7.75 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
8.45 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia
3.34 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Senegal
9.49 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Serbia
13.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Seychelles
6.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sierra Leone
11.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Singapore
4.8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sint Maarten
3 deaths/1,000 population (2009)

Slovakia
9.56 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Slovenia
10.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Solomon Islands
3.96 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Somalia
15.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

South Africa
16.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Spain
8.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sri Lanka
6.2 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sudan
11.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Suriname
5.53 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
14.99 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Sweden
10.2 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Switzerland
8.65 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Syria
3.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Taiwan
6.87 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Tajikistan
6.72 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Tanzania
12.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Thailand
6.47 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Timor-Leste
5.93 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Togo
8.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
4.95 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
8.21 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Tunisia
5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Turkey
6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Turkmenistan
6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4.17 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010
est.)

Tuvalu
9.36 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Uganda
11.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Ukraine
15.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

United Kingdom
9.33 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

United States
8.38 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Uruguay
9.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Uzbekistan
5.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Vanuatu
7.49 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Venezuela
5.14 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Vietnam
5.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Virgin Islands
6.96 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
4.56 deaths/1,000 population NA

West Bank
3.62 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Western Sahara
9.13 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

World
8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Yemen
7.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Zambia
12.84 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

Zimbabwe
14.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

======================================================================

@2068

Field Listing :: Dependent areas

This entry contains an alphabetical listing of all nonindependent
entities associated in some way with a particular independent state.
Country

Dependent areas

Australia
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald
Islands, Macquarie Island, Norfolk Island

France
Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and
Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint
Martin, Wallis and Futuna
note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia
has been considered a "sui generis" collectivity of France since
1998, a unique status falling between that of an independent country
and a French overseas department

Netherlands
Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten

New Zealand
Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Norway
Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard

United Kingdom
Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory,
British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar,
Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the
South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands

United States
American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island,
Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa
Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands, Wake Island
note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a
political relationship with all four political units: the Northern
Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US
(effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands
signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21
October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact
of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau
concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1
October 1994)

======================================================================

@2070

Field Listing :: Disputes - international

This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from
traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one
sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international
terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US
Department of State. References to other situations involving
borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource
disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however,
inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or
recognition by the US Government.
Country

Disputes - international

Afghanistan
Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border
with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to foreign
terrorists and other illegal activities

Albania
the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the
rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the
peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian
groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania,"
but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; the mass
emigration of unemployed Albanians remains a problem for developed
countries, chiefly Greece and Italy

Algeria
Algeria, and many other states, rejects Moroccan
administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in
Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's
border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each
nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling;
Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout
the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant
disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected
on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a
claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco

American Samoa
Tokelau periodically asserts claims to American
Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega), such as in its 2006 draft
independence constitution

Andorra
none

Angola
Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan
exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006
ceasefire and peace agreement

Anguilla
none

Antarctica
the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not
recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by
Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the
United Kingdom (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the
continent; the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims; no
formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west
and 150 degrees west; the International Whaling Commission created a
sanctuary around the entire continent to deter catches by countries
claiming to conduct scientific whaling; Australia has established a
similar preserve in the waters around its territorial claim

Antigua and Barbuda
none

Arctic Ocean
the littoral states are engaged in various stages of
demonstrating the limits of their continental shelves beyond 200
nautical miles from their declared baselines in accordance with
Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has
restimulated interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor
exploration

Argentina
Argentina continues to assert its claims to the
UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia,
and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly
occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to
seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially
overlaps UK and Chilean claims; unruly region at convergence of
Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering,
smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising
for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and
Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim
River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2006,
Argentina went to the ICJ to protest, on environmental grounds, the
construction of two pulp mills in Uruguay on the Uruguay River,
which forms the boundary; both parties presented their pleadings in
2007 with Argentina's reply in January and Uruguay's rejoinder in
July 2008; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and
Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited
boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de
Hielo Sur)

Armenia
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in
Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied
16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly
ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia;
about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in
Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks
transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border
with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic
Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater
autonomy; Armenians continue to emigrate, primarily to Russia,
seeking employment

Aruba
none

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
as the closest Australian territory to
Indonesia, these islands became the target of human traffickers for
the landing of illegal immigrants; in 2001, the Australian
government removed these islands from the Australian Migration Zone
making illegal arrivals ineligible for temporary visas and entry
into Australia

Atlantic Ocean
some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

Australia
In 2007 Australia and Timor-Leste signed a 50-year
development zone and revenue sharing agreement in lieu of a maritime
boundary; dispute with Timor-Leste hampers creation of a revised
maritime boundary with Indonesia in the Timor Sea; regional states
continue to express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a
1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime identification zone; Australia
asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; in 2004 Australia
submitted its claims to Commission on the Limits of the Continental
Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental margins covering over 3.37
million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent
more than its claimed exclusive economic zone; since 2003, Australia
has led the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands
(RAMSI) to maintain civil and political order and reinforce regional
security

Austria
while threats of international legal action never
materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the
newly elected Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008,
demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the
EU unless Prague closed its nuclear power plant in Temelin,
bordering Austria

Azerbaijan
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in
Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied
16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were
driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic
Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia
and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia
to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute;
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia have ratified Caspian seabed
delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to
insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's
hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue
with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in
the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue to
discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas

Bahamas, The
disagrees with the US on the alignment the northern
axis of a potential maritime boundary; continues to monitor and
interdict drug dealers and Haitian and Cuban refugees in Bahamian
waters

Bahrain
none

Bangladesh
discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small
section of river boundary, exchange territory for 51 small
Bangladeshi exclaves in India and 111 small Indian exclaves in
Bangladesh, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border
trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the
porous border; Bangladesh protests India's fencing and walling off
high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint
Bangladesh-India boundary commission resurveyed and reconstructed 92
missing pillars in 2007; after 21 years, Bangladesh in January 2008
resumed talks with Burma on delimiting a maritime boundary

Barbados
Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006
Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime
boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and
Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to
counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human
habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental
shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Belarus
Boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania in 2006; 1997
boundary delimitation treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over
unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing
border security

Belgium
none

Belize
OAS-initiated Agreement on the Framework for Negotiations and
Confidence Building Measures saw cooperation in repatriation of
Guatemalan squatters and other areas, but Guatemalan land and
maritime claims in Belize and the Caribbean Sea remain unresolved;
the Line of Adjacency created under the 2002 Differendum serves in
lieu of the contiguous international boundary to control squatting
in the sparsely inhabited rain forests of Belize's border region;
Honduras claims Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays in its
constitution but agreed to a joint ecological park under the
Differendum

Benin
in September 2007, Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two
villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005
ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with
Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen
villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival
cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on
funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River

Bermuda
none

Bhutan
Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian Nagaland
separatists; lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and
China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment
to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial
cartographic discrepancies, the largest of which lie in Bhutan's
northwest and along the Chumbi salient

Bolivia
Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore
the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers
instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile
for Bolivian natural gas and other commodities; an accord placed the
long-disputed Isla Suarez/Ilha de Guajara-Mirim, a fluvial island on
the Rio Mamore, under Bolivian administration in 1958, but
sovereignty remains in dispute

Bosnia and Herzegovina
sections along the Drina River remain in
dispute between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia; discussions
continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the
boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification
of the 1999 border agreement

Botswana
Botswana still struggles to seal its border from thousands
of Zimbabweans who flee economic collapse and political persecution;
Namibia has long supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections
to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the
Zambezi River at Kazungula crossing, thereby de facto recognizing
the short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary

Bouvet Island
none

Brazil
unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay
borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal
narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations;
two uncontested boundary disputes with Uruguay over Isla Brasilera
at the tripoint with Argentina at the confluence of the
Quarai/Cuareim and Uruguay rivers, and in the 235 square kilometer
Invernada River region over which tributary represents the
legitimate source of the Quarai/Cuareim River; the Itaipu Dam
reservoir covers over a once contested section of Brazil-Paraguay
boundary west of Guaira Falls on the Rio Parana; an accord placed
the long-disputed Isla Suarez/Ilha de Guajara-Mirim, a fluvial
island on the Rio Mamore, under Bolivian administration in 1958, but
sovereignty remains in dispute

British Indian Ocean Territory
Mauritius claims the Chagos
Archipelago including Diego Garcia; in 2001, the former inhabitants
of the Chagos Archipelago, evicted in 1967 and 1973 and now residing
chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to
repatriation; in May 2007, the UK Court of Appeals upheld the May
2006 High Court of London judgment reversing the UK government's
2004 Orders of Council that banned habitation on the islands; a
small group of Chagossians visited Diego Garcia in April 2006;
repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of
Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest viable island in
the chain

British Virgin Islands
none

Brunei
Brunei and Malaysia agreed in September 2008 to resolve their
offshore and deepwater seabed dispute, resume hydrocarbon
exploration, and renounce any territorial claims along their land
boundary; despite no public territorial claim to Louisa Reef, Brunei
implicitly lays claim by including it within the natural
prolongation of its continental shelf and basis for a seabed median
with Vietnam; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the
South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls
short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of
the disputants

Bulgaria
none

Burkina Faso
in September 2007, Economic Community of West African
States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over
two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a
2005 ICJ decision; in recent years citizens and rogue security
forces rob and harass local populations on both sides of the poorly
defined Burkina Faso-Niger border; despite the presence of more than
9,000 UN forces (UNOCI) in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict
continues to spread into neighboring states that can no longer send
their migrant workers to work in Ivorian cocoa plantations