Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (144)

Pacific Ocean
surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated
by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents)
and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre;
in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of
Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica
reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the
eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the
western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana
Trench, which is the world's deepest

Pakistan
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest;
Balochistan plateau in west

Palau
varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of
Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier
reefs

Panama
interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland
plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills

Papua New Guinea
mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling
foothills

Paracel Islands
mostly low and flat

Paraguay
grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran
Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the
river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere

Peru
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center
(sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Philippines
mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal
lowlands

Pitcairn Islands
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with
cliffs

Poland
mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border

Portugal
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in
south

Puerto Rico
mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north;
mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most
coastal areas

Qatar
mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel

Romania
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian
Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and
separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian
Alps

Russia
broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous
forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern
border regions

Rwanda
mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with
altitude declining from west to east

Saint Barthelemy
hilly, almost completely surrounded by
shallow-water reefs, with 20 beaches

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
the islands of this
group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains
Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44
dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east
Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly
circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply
dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the
coastal cliffs

Saint Kitts and Nevis
volcanic with mountainous interiors

Saint Lucia
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
mostly barren rock

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
volcanic, mountainous

Samoa
two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands
and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky,
rugged mountains in interior

San Marino
rugged mountains

Sao Tome and Principe
volcanic, mountainous

Saudi Arabia
mostly uninhabited, sandy desert

Senegal
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
southeast

Serbia
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the
east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient
mountains and hills

Seychelles
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky,
hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs

Sierra Leone
coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country,
upland plateau, mountains in east

Singapore
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water
catchment area and nature preserve

Sint Maarten
low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin

Slovakia
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and
lowlands in the south

Slovenia
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain
region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys
with numerous rivers to the east

Solomon Islands
mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Somalia
mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

South Africa
vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow
coastal plain

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
most of the islands, rising
steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is
largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South
Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes

Southern Ocean
the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 m over
most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the
Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep,
its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 m (the global mean is 133 m);
the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million
sq km in March to about 18.8 million sq km in September, better than
a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
(21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's
largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of
water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers

Spain
large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills;
Pyrenees in north

Spratly Islands
flat

Sri Lanka
mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in
south-central interior

Sudan
generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south,
northeast and west; desert dominates the north

Suriname
mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps

Svalbard
wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west
coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and
north coasts

Swaziland
mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

Sweden
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Switzerland
mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with
a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

Syria
primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain;
mountains in west

Taiwan
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently
rolling plains in west

Tajikistan
Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western
Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Tanzania
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,
south

Thailand
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains
elsewhere

Timor-Leste
mountainous

Togo
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern
plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Tokelau
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons

Tonga
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral
formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base

Trinidad and Tobago
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

Tunisia
mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south
merges into the Sahara

Turkey
high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain;
several mountain ranges

Turkmenistan
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to
mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran;
borders Caspian Sea in west

Turks and Caicos Islands
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and
mangrove swamps

Tuvalu
low-lying and narrow coral atolls

Uganda
mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Ukraine
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

United Arab Emirates
flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling
sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east

United Kingdom
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to
rolling plains in east and southeast

United States
vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low
mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in
Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
low and nearly level
sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed
at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise
steeply from the ocean floor

Uruguay
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Uzbekistan
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad,
flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya,
Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east
surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral
Sea in west

Vanuatu
mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow
coastal plains

Venezuela
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest;
central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

Vietnam
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands;
hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest

Virgin Islands
mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little
level land

Wake Island
atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and
Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former
crater, islands are part of the rim

Wallis and Futuna
volcanic origin; low hills

West Bank
mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west,
but barren in east

Western Sahara
mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or
sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast

World
the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in
the Pacific Ocean

Yemen
narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged
mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the
desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula

Zambia
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

Zimbabwe
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high
veld); mountains in east

======================================================================

@2127

Field Listing :: Total fertility rate

This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that
would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their
childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility
rate at each age. The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct
measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since
it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential
for population change in the country. A rate of two children per
woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting
in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two
children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age
is declining. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for
families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and
for women to enter the labor force. Rates below two children
indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global
fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most
pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe,
where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the
next 50 years.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Total fertility rate(children born/woman)

Afghanistan
5.5 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Albania
1.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Algeria
1.76 children born/woman (2010 est.)

American Samoa
3.22 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Andorra
1.34 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Angola
6.05 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Anguilla
1.75 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
2.06 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Argentina
2.33 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Armenia
1.36 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Aruba
1.85 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Australia
1.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Austria
1.39 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan
2.03 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bahamas, The
2 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bahrain
2.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bangladesh
2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Barbados
1.68 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Belarus
1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Belgium
1.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Belize
3.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Benin
5.4 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bermuda
1.98 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bhutan
2.29 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bolivia
3.07 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.26 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Botswana
2.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Brazil
2.19 children born/woman (2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands
1.71 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Brunei
1.88 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Bulgaria
1.41 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso
6.21 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Burma
2.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Burundi
6.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cambodia
2.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cameroon
4.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Canada
1.58 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cape Verde
2.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cayman Islands
1.88 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Central African Republic
4.68 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Chad
5.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Chile
1.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)

China
1.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
2.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Comoros
4.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
6.11 children born/woman (2010
est.)

Congo, Republic of the
5.77 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cook Islands
2.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Costa Rica
1.93 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
4.01 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Croatia
1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Cuba
1.61 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Curacao
2.1 children born/woman (2009)

Cyprus
1.45 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Czech Republic
1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Denmark
1.74 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Djibouti
2.79 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Dominica
2.08 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic
2.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Ecuador
2.46 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Egypt
3.01 children born/woman (2010 est.)

El Salvador
2.12 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
5 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Eritrea
4.6 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Estonia
1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Ethiopia
6.07 children born/woman (2010 est.)

European Union
1.51 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
2.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Fiji
2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Finland
1.73 children born/woman (2010 est.)

France
1.97 children born/woman (2010 est.)

French Polynesia
1.89 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Gabon
4.62 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Gambia, The
4.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Gaza Strip
4.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Georgia
1.44 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Germany
1.42 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Ghana
3.57 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Gibraltar
1.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Greece
1.37 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Greenland
2.16 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Grenada
2.21 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guam
2.52 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guatemala
3.36 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guernsey
1.53 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guinea
5.15 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
4.58 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Guyana
2.4 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Haiti
3.07 children born/woman (2011 est.)

Honduras
3.17 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Hong Kong
1.04 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Hungary
1.39 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Iceland
1.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)

India
2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Indonesia
2.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Iran
1.89 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Iraq
3.76 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Ireland
2.03 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Isle of Man
1.97 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Israel
2.72 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Italy
1.32 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Jamaica
2.21 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Japan
1.2 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Jersey
1.66 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Jordan
3.42 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan
1.87 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Kenya
4.38 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Kiribati
2.86 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Korea, North
1.94 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Korea, South
1.22 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Kuwait
2.7 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
2.64 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Laos
3.22 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Latvia
1.31 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Lebanon
1.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Lesotho
3 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Liberia
5.24 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Libya
3.01 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Liechtenstein
1.53 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Lithuania
1.24 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Luxembourg
1.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Macau
0.91 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Macedonia
1.58 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Madagascar
5.09 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Malawi
5.51 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Malaysia
2.7 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Maldives
1.83 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mali
6.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Malta
1.52 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Marshall Islands
3.51 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mauritania
4.37 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mauritius
1.8 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mayotte
5.4 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mexico
2.31 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
2.8 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Moldova
1.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Monaco
1.5 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mongolia
2.22 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Montserrat
1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Morocco
2.23 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Mozambique
5.13 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Namibia
2.57 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nauru
3.13 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nepal
2.53 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Netherlands
1.66 children born/woman (2010 est.)

New Caledonia
2.09 children born/woman (2010 est.)

New Zealand
2.09 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nicaragua
2.51 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Niger
7.68 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nigeria
4.82 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Niue
NA

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
2.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Norway
1.77 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Oman
2.87 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Pakistan
3.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Palau
1.73 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Panama
2.48 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea
3.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Paraguay
2.16 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Peru
2.32 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Philippines
3.23 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
1.29 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Portugal
1.5 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Puerto Rico
1.62 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Qatar
2.44 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Romania
1.27 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Russia
1.41 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Rwanda
4.99 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
1.56 children
born/woman (2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
1.79 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Saint Lucia
1.82 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1.94 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Samoa
3.32 children born/woman (2010 est.)

San Marino
1.46 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
5.21 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia
2.35 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Senegal
4.86 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Serbia
1.39 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Seychelles
1.92 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sierra Leone
4.97 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Singapore
1.1 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sint Maarten
1.7 children born/woman (2009)

Slovakia
1.36 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Slovenia
1.29 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Solomon Islands
3.67 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Somalia
6.44 children born/woman (2010 est.)

South Africa
2.33 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Spain
1.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka
1.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sudan
4.93 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Suriname
1.97 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
3.19 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Sweden
1.67 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Switzerland
1.46 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Syria
3.02 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Taiwan
1.15 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Tajikistan
2.94 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Tanzania
4.31 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Thailand
1.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Timor-Leste
3.2 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Togo
4.74 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
2 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
1.72 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Tunisia
1.71 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Turkey
2.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Turkmenistan
2.19 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
2.92 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Tuvalu
3.14 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Uganda
6.73 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Ukraine
1.27 children born/woman (2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.41 children born/woman (2010 est.)

United Kingdom
1.92 children born/woman (2010 est.)

United States
2.06 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Uruguay
1.89 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Uzbekistan
1.92 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Vanuatu
2.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Venezuela
2.45 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Vietnam
1.93 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Virgin Islands
1.81 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
1.84 children born/woman (2010 est.)

West Bank
3.12 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Western Sahara
4.37 children born/woman (2010 est.)

World
2.56 children born/woman (2009 est.)

Yemen
4.81 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Zambia
6.07 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Zimbabwe
3.66 children born/woman (2010 est.)

======================================================================

@2128

Field Listing :: Government type

This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the
major governmental terms are as follows. (Note that for some
countries more than one definition applies.):
Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules
unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally
organized opposition.
Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought
about by the absence of governmental authority.
Authoritarian - a form of government in which state authority is
imposed onto many aspects of citizens' lives.
Commonwealth - a nation, state, or other political entity founded on
law and united by a compact of the people for the common good.
Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and
controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party
holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of
private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make
progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally
shared by the people (i.e., a classless society).
Confederacy (Confederation) - a union by compact or treaty between
states, provinces, or territories, that creates a central government
with limited powers; the constituent entities retain supreme
authority over all matters except those delegated to the central
government.
Constitutional - a government by or operating under an authoritative
document (constitution) that sets forth the system of fundamental
laws and principles that determines the nature, functions, and
limits of that government.
Constitutional democracy - a form of government in which the
sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing
constitution.
Constitutional monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch
is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and
responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom.
Democracy - a form of government in which the supreme power is
retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly
through a system of representation and delegated authority
periodically renewed.
Democratic republic - a state in which the supreme power rests in
the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and
representatives responsible to them.
Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique
wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws).
Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church.
Emirate - similar to a monarchy or sultanate, but a government in
which the supreme power is in the hands of an emir (the ruler of a
Muslim state); the emir may be an absolute overlord or a sovereign
with constitutionally limited authority.
Federal (Federation) - a form of government in which sovereign power
is formally divided - usually by means of a constitution - between a
central authority and a number of constituent regions (states,
colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management
of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the
central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals
as well as upon the regional units.
Federal republic - a state in which the powers of the central
government are restricted and in which the component parts (states,
colonies, or provinces) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate
sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their governmental
representatives.
Islamic republic - a particular form of government adopted by some
Muslim states; although such a state is, in theory, a theocracy, it
remains a republic, but its laws are required to be compatible with
the laws of Islam.
Maoism - the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism developed in
China by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), which states that a continuous
revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to
keep in touch with the people.
Marxism - the political, economic, and social principles espoused by
19th century economist Karl Marx; he viewed the struggle of workers
as a progression of historical forces that would proceed from a
class struggle of the proletariat (workers) exploited by capitalists
(business owners), to a socialist "dictatorship of the proletariat,"
to, finally, a classless society - Communism.
Marxism-Leninism - an expanded form of communism developed by Lenin
from doctrines of Karl Marx; Lenin saw imperialism as the final
stage of capitalism and shifted the focus of workers' struggle from
developed to underdeveloped countries.
Monarchy - a government in which the supreme power is lodged in the
hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for
life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole
absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince -
with constitutionally limited authority.
Oligarchy - a government in which control is exercised by a small
group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or
power.
Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the
legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister,
premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according
to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the
government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as
to the parliament.
Parliamentary government (Cabinet-Parliamentary government) - a
government in which members of an executive branch (the cabinet and
its leader - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor) are nominated
to their positions by a legislature or parliament, and are directly
responsible to it; this type of government can be dissolved at will
by the parliament (legislature) by means of a no confidence vote or
the leader of the cabinet may dissolve the parliament if it can no
longer function.
Parliamentary monarchy - a state headed by a monarch who is not
actively involved in policy formation or implementation (i.e., the
exercise of sovereign powers by a monarch in a ceremonial capacity);
true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its
head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from
a legislature (parliament).
Presidential - a system of government where the executive branch
exists separately from a legislature (to which it is generally not
accountable).
Republic - a representative democracy in which the people's elected
deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on
legislation.
Socialism - a government in which the means of planning, producing,
and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that
theoretically seeks a more just and equitable distribution of
property and labor; in actuality, most socialist governments have
ended up being no more than dictatorships over workers by a ruling
elite.
Sultanate - similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the
supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim
state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with
constitutionally limited authority.
Theocracy - a form of government in which a Deity is recognized as
the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by
ecclesiastical authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc.); a government
subject to religious authority.
Totalitarian - a government that seeks to subordinate the individual
to the state by controlling not only all political and economic
matters, but also the attitudes, values, and beliefs of its
population.
Country

Government type

Afghanistan
Islamic republic

Albania
republic

Algeria
republic

American Samoa
NA

Andorra
parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as
its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the
president of France and bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain, who are
represented in Andorra by the coprinces' representatives

Angola
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Anguilla
NA

Antarctica
Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic region is
governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System; the
system includes: 1. the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959
and entered into force on 23 June 1961, which establishes the legal
framework for the management of Antarctica, 2. Recommendations and
Measures adopted at meetings of Antarctic Treaty countries, 3. The
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972), 4. The
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(1980), and 5. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the
Antarctic Treaty (1991); the 33rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative
Meeting was held in Punta del Este, Uruguay in May 2010; at these
periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of
all consultative member nations; by April 2010, there were 48 treaty
member nations: 28 consultative and 20 non-consultative;
consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations
that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims
overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have
reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the
claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the
consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are
carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own
nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national
laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative
member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a
consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an
original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina,
Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant
consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria
(1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland
(1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy
(1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands
(1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South
Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004),
Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year
of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Belarus (2006),
Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic
(1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987),
Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Monaco (2008),
Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971), Slovakia
(1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela
(1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and
separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993;
claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ,
Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium,
Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador
(1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India
(1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989),
Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977),
Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine
(1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative
members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria
(1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984),
Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece
(1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Monaco
(2008), Papua New Guinea (1981), Portugal (2010), Romania (1971),
Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and
Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in
1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993;
Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military
activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military
personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any
other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific
investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free
exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and
other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize,
dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be
asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear
explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes
under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00
minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 -
treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial
observation, to any area and may inspect all stations,
installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and
of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 -
allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own
states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among
member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage
activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the
treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the
parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 -
deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among
involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations
adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments;
a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains
unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the
Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14
January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the
Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental
impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3)
waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine
pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability
arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities
relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a
permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
system of government and a Commonwealth realm

Argentina
republic

Armenia
republic

Aruba
parliamentary democracy

Australia
federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Austria
federal republic

Azerbaijan
republic

Bahamas, The
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Bahrain
constitutional monarchy

Bangladesh
parliamentary democracy

Barbados
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Belarus
republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgium
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional
monarchy

Belize
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Benin
republic

Bermuda
parliamentary; self-governing territory

Bhutan
constitutional monarchy

Bolivia
republic; note - the new constitution defines Bolivia as a
"Social Unitarian State"

Bosnia and Herzegovina
emerging federal democratic republic

Botswana
parliamentary republic

Brazil
federal republic

British Virgin Islands
NA

Brunei
constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic
Monarchy)

Bulgaria
parliamentary democracy

Burkina Faso
parliamentary republic

Burma
military regime

Burundi
republic

Cambodia
multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Cameroon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Canada
a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional
monarchy

Cape Verde
republic

Cayman Islands
parliamentary democracy

Central African Republic
republic

Chad
republic

Chile
republic

China
Communist state

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comoros
republic

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
republic

Congo, Republic of the
republic

Cook Islands
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Rica
democratic republic

Cote d'Ivoire
republic; multiparty presidential regime established
1960
note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing
agreement mandated by international mediators

Croatia
presidential/parliamentary democracy

Cuba
Communist state

Curacao
parliamentary

Cyprus
republic
note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the
island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this
separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in
July 1974 that followed a Greek military-junta-supported coup
attempt that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the
north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized
government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf
DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus" ("TRNC"), which is recognized only by
Turkey

Czech Republic
parliamentary democracy

Denmark
constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
republic

Dominica
parliamentary democracy

Dominican Republic
democratic republic

Ecuador
republic

Egypt
republic

El Salvador
republic

Equatorial Guinea
republic

Eritrea
transitional government
note: following a successful referendum on independence for the
Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National
Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and
Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a
Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a
constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the
transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,
did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential
elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001
but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is
the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estonia
parliamentary republic

Ethiopia
federal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
NA

Fiji
republic

Finland
republic

France
republic

French Polynesia
NA

Gabon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Gambia, The
republic

Georgia
republic

Germany
federal republic

Ghana
constitutional democracy

Gibraltar
NA

Greece
parliamentary republic

Greenland
parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenada
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Guam
NA

Guatemala
constitutional democratic republic

Guernsey
parliamentary democracy

Guinea
republic

Guinea-Bissau
republic

Guyana
republic

Haiti
republic

Holy See (Vatican City)
ecclesiastical

Honduras
democratic constitutional republic

Hong Kong
limited democracy

Hungary
parliamentary democracy

Iceland
constitutional republic

India
federal republic

Indonesia
republic

Iran
theocratic republic

Iraq
parliamentary democracy

Ireland
republic, parliamentary democracy

Isle of Man
parliamentary democracy

Israel
parliamentary democracy

Italy
republic

Jamaica
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth
realm

Japan
a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Jersey
parliamentary democracy

Jordan
constitutional monarchy

Kazakhstan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Kenya
republic

Kiribati
republic

Korea, North
Communist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, South
republic

Kosovo
republic

Kuwait
constitutional emirate

Kyrgyzstan
republic

Laos
Communist state

Latvia
parliamentary democracy

Lebanon
republic

Lesotho
parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberia
republic

Libya
Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the
populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state

Liechtenstein
constitutional monarchy

Lithuania
parliamentary democracy

Luxembourg
constitutional monarchy

Macau
limited democracy

Macedonia
parliamentary democracy

Madagascar
republic

Malawi
multiparty democracy

Malaysia
constitutional monarchy
note: nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to as
the King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected
upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian
states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans)
except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with
Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by
government; powers of state governments are limited by federal
constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain
certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their
own immigration controls)

Maldives
republic

Mali
republic

Malta
republic

Marshall Islands
constitutional government in free association with
the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force on 21
October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Mauritania
military junta

Mauritius
parliamentary democracy

Mayotte
NA

Mexico
federal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of
constitutional government in free
association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
into force on 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into
force in May 2004

Moldova
republic

Monaco
constitutional monarchy

Mongolia
parliamentary

Montenegro
republic

Montserrat
NA

Morocco
constitutional monarchy

Mozambique
republic

Namibia
republic

Nauru
republic

Nepal
federal democratic republic

Netherlands
constitutional monarchy

New Caledonia
NA

New Zealand
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Nicaragua
republic

Niger
republic

Nigeria
federal republic

Niue
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
commonwealth; self-governing with locally
elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norway
constitutional monarchy

Oman
monarchy

Pakistan
federal republic

Palau
constitutional government in free association with the US; the
Compact of Free Association entered into force on 1 October 1994

Panama
constitutional democracy

Papua New Guinea
constitutional parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Paraguay
constitutional republic

Peru
constitutional republic

Philippines
republic

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
republic

Portugal
republic; parliamentary democracy

Puerto Rico
commonwealth

Qatar
emirate

Romania
republic

Russia
federation

Rwanda
republic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth
realm

Saint Lucia
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
parliamentary democracy and a
Commonwealth realm

Samoa
parliamentary democracy

San Marino
republic

Sao Tome and Principe
republic

Saudi Arabia
monarchy

Senegal
republic

Serbia
republic

Seychelles
republic

Sierra Leone
constitutional democracy

Singapore
parliamentary republic

Sint Maarten
parliamentary

Slovakia
parliamentary democracy

Slovenia
parliamentary republic

Solomon Islands
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Somalia
no permanent national government; transitional,
parliamentary federal government

South Africa
republic

Spain
parliamentary monarchy

Sri Lanka
republic

Sudan
Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress
Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a
power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace
Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in
1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulated national
elections in 2009, but these were subsequently rescheduled for April
2010

Suriname
constitutional democracy

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
monarchy

Sweden
constitutional monarchy

Switzerland
formally a confederation but similar in structure to a
federal republic

Syria
republic under an authoritarian regime

Taiwan
multiparty democracy

Tajikistan
republic

Tanzania
republic

Thailand
constitutional monarchy

Timor-Leste
republic

Togo
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobago
parliamentary democracy

Tunisia
republic

Turkey
republican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistan
defines itself as a secular democracy and a
presidential republic; in actuality displays authoritarian
presidential rule, with power concentrated within the presidential
administration

Turks and Caicos Islands
NA

Tuvalu
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Uganda
republic

Ukraine
republic

United Arab Emirates
federation with specified powers delegated to
the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member
emirates

United Kingdom
constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm

United States
Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic
tradition

Uruguay
constitutional republic

Uzbekistan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Vanuatu
parliamentary republic

Venezuela
federal republic

Vietnam
Communist state

Virgin Islands
NA

Wallis and Futuna
NA

Western Sahara
legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty
unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front
(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de
Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a
government-in-exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR),
near Tindouf, Algeria, led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory
partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain
withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania,
under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to
its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector
shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control;
the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of
African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; Morocco between 1980 and 1987
built a fortified sand berm delineating the roughly 80 percent of
Western Sahara west of the barrier that currently is controlled by
Morocco; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a
UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991
(Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for
the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)

Yemen
republic

Zambia
republic

Zimbabwe
parliamentary democracy

======================================================================

@2129

Field Listing :: Unemployment rate

This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without
jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Unemployment rate(%)

Afghanistan
35% (2008 est.)
40% (2005 est.)

Albania
12.7% (2010 est.)
12.8% (2009 est.)
note: these are official rates, but actual rates may exceed 30% due
to preponderance of near-subsistence farming

Algeria
9.9% (2010 est.)
10.2% (2009 est.)

American Samoa
29.8% (2005)

Andorra
7% (2008)
0% (2007)

Angola
NA

Anguilla
8% (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda
11% (2001 est.)

Argentina
7.9% (2010 est.)
8.7% (2009 est.)
note: based on official data, which may understate unemployment

Armenia
7.1% (2007 est.)

Aruba
6.9% (2005 est.)

Australia
5.1% (2010 est.)
5.6% (2009 est.)

Austria
4.6% (2010 est.)
4.8% (2009 est.)

Azerbaijan
0.9% (2010 est.)
6% (2009 est.)

Bahamas, The
7.6% (2006 est.)

Bahrain
15% (2005 est.)

Bangladesh
5.1% (2010 est.)
5.1% (2009 est.)
note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many
participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low
wages

Barbados
10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus
1% (2009 est.)
1.6% (2005)
note: official registered unemployed; large number of underemployed
workers

Belgium
8.1% (2010 est.)
7.9% (2009 est.)

Belize
13.1% (2009)
8.2% (2008)

Benin
NA%

Bermuda
2.1% (2004 est.)

Bhutan
4% (2009)
2.5% (2004)

Bolivia
8.3% (2010 est.)
7.7% (2009 est.)
note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment

Bosnia and Herzegovina
27.2% (2010 est.)
24.1% (2009 est.)
note: official rate

Botswana
7.5% (2007 est.)

Brazil
7% (2010 est.)
8.1% (2009 est.)

British Virgin Islands
3.6% (1997)

Brunei
3.7% (2008)
4% (2006)

Bulgaria
9.5% (2010 est.)
6.3% (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso
77% (2004)

Burma
5.7% (2010 est.)
4.9% (2009 est.)

Burundi
NA%

Cambodia
3.5% (2007 est.)
2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon
30% (2001 est.)

Canada
8% (2010 est.)
8.3% (2009 est.)

Cape Verde
21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands
4% (2008)
4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic
8% (2001 est.)
note: 23% unemployment for Bangui

Chad
NA% est.)

Chile
8.7% (2010 est.)
9.6% (2009 est.)

China
4.3% (September 2009 est.)
4.2% (December 2008 est.)
note: official data for urban areas only; including migrants may
boost total unemployment to 9%; substantial unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
60% (2000 est.)

Colombia
11.2% (2010 est.)
12% (2009 est.)

Comoros
20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%

Congo, Republic of the
NA%

Cook Islands
13.1% (2005)

Costa Rica
6.6% (2010 est.)
7.8% (2009 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
NA
note: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of the
civil war

Croatia
17.6% (2010 est.)
16.1% (2009 est.)

Cuba
2% (2010 est.)
1.7% (2009 est.)

Curacao
10.3% (2008 est.)

Cyprus
6% (2010 est.)
5.3% (2009 est.)

Czech Republic
9.3% (2010 est.)
8.1% (2009 est.)

Denmark
4.2% (2010 est.)
4.3% (2009 est.)

Djibouti
59% (2007 est.)
note: data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas

Dominica
23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic
14.2% (2010 est.)
14.9% (2009 est.)

Ecuador
7.6% (2010 est.)
8.5% (2009 est.)

Egypt
9.7% (2010 est.)
9.4% (2009 est.)

El Salvador
7% (2010 est.)
7.2% (2009 est.)
note: data are official rates; but the economy has much
underemployment

Equatorial Guinea
30% (1998 est.)

Eritrea
NA%

Estonia
13.5% (2010 est.)
13.8% (2009 est.)

Ethiopia
NA%

European Union
9.5% (2010 est.)
9% (2009 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA%

Faroe Islands
3.9% (2009)
1.2% (2008)

Fiji
7.6% (1999)

Finland
7.9% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)

France
9.5% (2010 est.)
9.1% (2009 est.)

French Polynesia
11.7% (2005)

Gabon
21% (2006 est.); NA%

Gambia, The
NA%

Gaza Strip
40% (2010 est.)
40% (2009 est.)

Georgia
16.4% (2009 est.)
13.6% (2006 est.)

Germany
7.1% (2010 est.)
7.5% (2009 est.)
note: this is the International Labor Organization's estimated rate
for international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Office
estimated a seasonally adjusted rate of 10.8%

Ghana
11% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar
3% (2005 est.)

Greece
12% (2010 est.)
9.4% (2009 est.)

Greenland
6.8% (2007 est.)
7.3% (2006 est.)

Grenada
12.5% (2000)

Guam
11.4% (2002 est.)

Guatemala
3.2% (2005 est.)

Guernsey
0.9% (March 2006 est.)

Guinea
NA% est.)

Guinea-Bissau
NA%

Guyana
11% (2007)

Haiti
NA% est.)
note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than
two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs

Honduras
5.1% (2010 est.)
3.2% (2009 est.)
note: about 36% are unemployed or underemployed

Hong Kong
4.6% (2010 est.)
5.2% (2009 est.)

Hungary
11.5% (2010 est.)
10% (2009 est.)

Iceland
8.6% (2010 est.)
8% (2009 est.)

India
10.8% (2010 est.)
10.7% (2009 est.)

Indonesia
7.1% (2010 est.)
8.1% (2009 est.)

Iran
14.6% (2010 est.)
10.3% (2008 est.)
note: data are according to the Iranian Government

Iraq
15.3% (2009 est.)
15.2% (2008 est.)

Ireland
13.7% (2010 est.)
11.8% (2009 est.)

Isle of Man
1.8% (October 2010 est.)
1.5% (December 2006 est.)

Israel
6.4% (2010 est.)
7.6% (2009 est.)

Italy
8.4% (2010 est.)
7.8% (2009 est.)

Jamaica
12.9% (2010 est.)
11.4% (2009 est.)

Japan
5.2% (2010 est.)
5.1% (2009 est.)

Jersey
2.2% (2006 est.)

Jordan
13.4% (2010 est.)
12.9% (2009 est.)
note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%

Kazakhstan
5.5% (2010 est.)
6.3% (2009 est.)

Kenya
40% (2008 est.)
40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati
2% (1992 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
3.7% (2010 est.)
3.7% (2009 est.)

Kosovo
16.6% (2009 est.); 14%

Kuwait
2.2% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
18% (2004 est.)

Laos
2.5% (2009 est.)
2.4% (2005 est.)

Latvia
19.1% (2010 est.)
17.1% (2009 est.)

Lebanon
NA%

Lesotho
45% (2002)

Liberia
85% (2003 est.)

Libya
30% (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein
1.5% (31 December 2007)
1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania
16% (2010 est.)
13.7% (2009 est.)

Luxembourg
5.5% (2010 est.)
5.7% (2009 est.)

Macau
3.6% (2009)
3% (2008)

Macedonia
33.1% (2010 est.)
32.2% (2009 est.)

Malawi
NA%

Malaysia
3.5% (2010 est.)
3.7% (2009 est.)

Maldives
14.4% (2006 est.)

Mali
30% (2004 est.)

Malta
7% (2009 est.)
6% (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands
36% (2006 est.)
30.9% (2000 est.)

Mauritania
30% (2008 est.)
20% (2004 est.)

Mauritius
7.5% (2010 est.)
7.3% (2009 est.)

Mayotte
25.4% (2005)

Mexico
5.6% (2010 est.)
5.5% (2009 est.)
note: underemployment may be as high as 25%

Micronesia, Federated States of
22% (2000 est.)

Moldova
3.4% (2010 est.)
3.1% (2009 est.)

Monaco
0% (2005)

Mongolia
2.8% (2008)
3% (2007)

Montenegro
14.7% (2007 est.)

Montserrat
6% (1998 est.)

Morocco
9.8% (2010 est.)
9.1% (2009 est.)

Mozambique
21% (1997 est.)

Namibia
51.2% (2008 est.)
36.7% (2004 est.)

Nauru
90% (2004 est.)

Nepal
46% (2008 est.)
42% (2004 est.)

Netherlands
5.5% (2010 est.)
4.8% (2009 est.)

New Caledonia
17.1% (2004)

New Zealand
6.5% (2010 est.)
6.2% (2009 est.)

Nicaragua
8% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)
note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008

Niger
NA%

Nigeria
4.9% (2007 est.)

Niue
12% (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands
8% (2005 est.)
3.9% (2001)

Norway
3.7% (2010 est.)
3.2% (2009 est.)

Oman
15% (2004 est.)

Pakistan
15% (2010 est.)
14% (2009 est.)
note: substantial underemployment exists

Palau
4.2% (2005 est.)

Panama
4.4% (2010 est.)
6.7% (2009 est.)

Papua New Guinea
1.8% (2004)

Paraguay
6.9% (2010 est.)
7.9% (2009 est.)

Peru
6.7% (2010 est.)
8.1% (2009 est.)
note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment

Philippines
7.5% (2010 est.)
7.5% (2009 est.)

Poland
11.8% (2010 est.)
11% (2009 est.)

Portugal
10.7% (2010 est.)
9.5% (2009 est.)

Puerto Rico
12% (2002)

Qatar
0.5% (2010 est.)
0.5% (2009 est.)

Romania
8.2% (2010 est.)
7.8% (2009 est.)

Russia
7.6% (2010 est.)
8.4% (2009)

Rwanda
NA%

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia
20% (2003 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
10.3% (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15% (2001 est.)

Samoa
NA%

San Marino
3.1% (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe
NA%

Saudi Arabia
10.8% (2010 est.)
10.5% (2009 est.)
note: data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; some
estimates range as high as 25%)

Senegal
48% (2007 est.)

Serbia
17.2% (2010 est.); 16.6% (2009 est.)

Seychelles
2% (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone
NA%

Singapore
2.3% (2010 est.)
3% (2009 est.)

Sint Maarten
10.6% (2008 est.)

Slovakia
12.5% (2010 est.)
11.4% (2009 est.)

Slovenia
10.6% (2010 est.)
9.2% (2009 est.)

Solomon Islands
NA%

Somalia
NA%

South Africa
23.3% (2010 est.)
24% (2009 est.)

Spain
20% (2010 est.)
18.1% (2009 est.)

Sri Lanka
5.4% (2010 est.)
5.9% (2009 est.)

Sudan
18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname
9.5% (2004)

Swaziland
40% (2006 est.)

Sweden
8.3% (2010 est.)
8.3% (2009 est.)

Switzerland
3.9% (2010 est.)
3.7% (2009 est.)

Syria
8.3% (2010 est.)
8.5% (2009 est.)

Taiwan
5.2% (2010 est.)
5.9% (2009 est.)

Tajikistan
2.2% (2009 est.)
2.3% (2008 est.)
note: official rates; actual unemployment is higher

Tanzania
NA%

Thailand
1.2% (2010 est.)
1.5% (2009)

Timor-Leste
20% (2006 est.)
note: data are for rural areas, unemployment rises to more than 40%
among urban youth

Togo
NA%

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
13% (FY03/04 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
6.4% (2010 est.)
5.8% (2009 est.)

Tunisia
14% (2010 est.)
13.3% (2009 est.)

Turkey
12.4% (2010 est.)
14.1% (2009 est.)
note: underemployment amounted to 4% in 2008

Turkmenistan
60% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
10% (1997 est.)

Tuvalu
NA%

Uganda
NA%

Ukraine
8.4% (2010 est.)
8.8% (2009 est.)
note: officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers

United Arab Emirates
2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom
7.9% (2010 est.)
7.6% (2009 est.)

United States
9.6% (2010 est.)
9.3% (2009 est.)

Uruguay
7.4% (2010 est.)
7.6% (2009 est.)

Uzbekistan
1.1% (2010 est.)
1.1% (2009 est.)
note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20%
underemployed

Vanuatu
1.7% (1999)

Venezuela
12.1% (2010 est.)
7.9% (2009 est.)

Vietnam
6.4% (2010 est.)
6.5% (2009 est.)

Virgin Islands
6.2% (2004)

Wallis and Futuna
15.2% (2003)

West Bank
16.5% (2010 est.)
19% (2009 est.)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
8.8% (2010 est.)
8.2% (2009 est.)
note: 30% (2007 est.) combined unemployment and underemployment in
many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically
4%-12% unemployment

Yemen
35% (2003 est.)

Zambia
50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe
95% (2009 est.)
80% (2005 est.)

======================================================================

@2137

Field Listing :: Military - note

This entry includes miscellaneous military information of
significance not included elsewhere.
Country

Military - note

Akrotiri
Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British
Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoa
defense is the responsibility of the US

Andorra
defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilla
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarctica
the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military
nature, such as the establishment of military bases and
fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the
testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military
personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other
peaceful purposes

Argentina
the Argentine military is a well-organized force
constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the
country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military
is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground
forces lighter and more responsive (2008)

Aruba
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal
Australian Air Force

Barbados
the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based
Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land
element is to defend the island against external aggression; the
Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small
regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it
increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to
prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)

Bermuda
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Island
defense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territory
defense is the responsibility of the
UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016

British Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Cayman Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Christmas Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Clipperton Island
defense is the responsibility of France

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia;
the territory has a five-person police force

Cook Islands
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand in
consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

Coral Sea Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Cuba
the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban military of
its major economic and logistic support and had a significant impact
on the state of Cuban equipment; the army remains well trained and
professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for its
existing equipment has increasingly affected operational
capabilities, Cuba remains able to offer considerable resistance to
any regional power (2010)

Curacao
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands

Dhekelia
includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station
connected by a roadway