Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (151)

Algeria
27.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Angola
15.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Argentina
22% of GDP (2010 est.)

Armenia
33.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Australia
27.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Austria
21% of GDP (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan
17.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Bahrain
26.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Bangladesh
23.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Belarus
36% of GDP (2010 est.)

Belgium
20.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Belize
26.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Benin
18.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Bolivia
17.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Botswana
28.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Brazil
18.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Bulgaria
22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso
19.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Burma
15.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Burundi
25.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cambodia
20.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cameroon
21.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Canada
22.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cape Verde
36.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Chad
14.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Chile
23.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

China
47.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Colombia
22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
41.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Costa Rica
20.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
9.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Croatia
22.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cuba
10.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Cyprus
19.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Czech Republic
22.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Denmark
17.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic
15.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Ecuador
23.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Egypt
18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

El Salvador
13.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
29.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Eritrea
10.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Estonia
22.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Ethiopia
25.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

European Union
18.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Finland
18.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

France
19.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Gabon
28.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Gambia, The
28% of GDP (2010 est.)

Georgia
14.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Germany
18% of GDP (2010 est.)

Ghana
39.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Greece
14.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Guatemala
13.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Guinea
14.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Guyana
34.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Haiti
28.9% of GDP (2008 est.)

Honduras
23.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Hong Kong
22.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Hungary
19.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Iceland
12.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

India
32% of GDP (2010 est.)

Indonesia
30.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Iran
27.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Ireland
12.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Israel
16.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Italy
19.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Jamaica
25.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Japan
20.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Jordan
30.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan
27.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Kenya
21.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Korea, South
28.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Kosovo
15.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Kuwait
13.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Latvia
15.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Lebanon
30.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Lesotho
21.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Libya
13.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Lithuania
15.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Luxembourg
16.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Macedonia
22.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Madagascar
34.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Malawi
27.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Malaysia
20.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Malta
14.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Mauritius
23.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Mexico
21.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Moldova
21.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Montenegro
30.5% of GDP (2006 est.)

Morocco
30.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Mozambique
17.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Namibia
24% of GDP (2010 est.)

Netherlands
18% of GDP (2010 est.)

New Zealand
19.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Nicaragua
22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Nigeria
11.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Norway
18.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Oman
26.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Pakistan
15% of GDP (2010 est.)

Panama
26.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea
17.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Paraguay
17.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Peru
25.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Philippines
14.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

Poland
19.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Portugal
19% of GDP (2010 est.)

Qatar
33% of GDP (2010 est.)

Romania
21.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Russia
18.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Rwanda
20% of GDP (2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
41% of GDP (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia
24.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Senegal
25.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Serbia
25.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Seychelles
36.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Singapore
27.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Slovakia
22.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Slovenia
18.7% of GDP (2010 est.)

South Africa
19.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Spain
22.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka
23.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Sudan
20.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Swaziland
12.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Sweden
18.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Switzerland
19.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Syria
16.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Taiwan
21.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Tajikistan
20.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Tanzania
17.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Thailand
24.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Togo
18.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
11.6% of GDP (2010 est.)

Tunisia
26.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

Turkey
18% of GDP (2010 est.)

Turkmenistan
12.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Uganda
20.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Ukraine
16.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates
26.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

United Kingdom
14.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

United States
12.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

Uruguay
19.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Venezuela
16.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Vietnam
35.1% of GDP (2010 est.)

World
23.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
23.1% of GDP (2009 est.) (2010 est.)

Yemen
19.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Zambia
20.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Zimbabwe
21% of GDP (2010 est.)

======================================================================

@2186

Field Listing :: Public debt

This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings
less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency.
Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which
reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and
public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Public debt(% of GDP)

Albania
59.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
58.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Algeria
25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
20% of GDP (2009 est.)

Angola
20.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
21.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Argentina
50.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
48.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Aruba
46.3% of GDP (2005)

Australia
22.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
22.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Austria
68.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
66.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Azerbaijan
4.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
6.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Bahrain
59.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
38.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Bangladesh
39.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
39.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Barbados
NA (2009)

Belgium
102.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
101% of GDP (2009 est.)

Bhutan
57.8% of GDP (2009)
81.4% of GDP (2004)

Bolivia
40.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
40.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
39% of GDP (2010 est.)
35% of GDP (2009 est.)

Botswana
22.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
18.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Brazil
60.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
59.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Bulgaria
16.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
14.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Cameroon
16.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
16.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Canada
82.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
82.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Chile
6.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
6.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

China
17.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
16.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Colombia
44.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
45.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Costa Rica
44.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
42% of GDP (2009 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
63.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
66.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Croatia
55% of GDP (2010 est.)
46.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Cuba
34.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
34.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Cyprus
61.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
56.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Czech Republic
40% of GDP (2010 est.)
34% of GDP (2009 est.)

Denmark
46.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
41.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Dominica
78% of GDP (2009 est.)
85% of GDP (2006 est.) (2006 est.)

Dominican Republic
41.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
40.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Ecuador
23.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
19.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Egypt
80.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
80.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

El Salvador
55% of GDP (2010 est.)
52.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
4.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
5.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Estonia
7.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
7.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Ethiopia
39.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
35.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Finland
45.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
40.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

France
83.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
77.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Gabon
25.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
27.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Germany
74.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
73.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Ghana
59.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
55.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Gibraltar
15.5% of GDP (2006)
15.7% of GDP (2005 est.)

Greece
144% of GDP (2010 est.)
126.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Guatemala
29.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
27.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Guyana
57% of GDP (2010 est.)

Honduras
26.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
23.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Hong Kong
18.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
37.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Hungary
72.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
78% of GDP (2009 est.)

Iceland
123.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
113.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

India
55.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
57.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Indonesia
26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
27.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Iran
16.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
16.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Ireland
98.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
64.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Israel
77.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
77.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Italy
118.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
115.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Jamaica
123.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
124.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Japan
196.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
192.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Jordan
61.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
64.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Kazakhstan
15.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
14.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Kenya
50.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
46.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Korea, South
23.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
23.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Kosovo
NA% of GDP

Kuwait
12.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
13.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Latvia
46.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
36.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Lebanon
150.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
154.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Libya
3.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
3.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Lithuania
36.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
29.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Luxembourg
16.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
14.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Macedonia
25.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
32.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Malawi
40.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
44.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Malaysia
52.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
53.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Malta
72.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
69% of GDP (2009 est.)

Mauritius
60.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
62.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Mexico
41.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
39.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Moldova
25% of GDP (2010 est.)
25.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Montenegro
38% of GDP (2006)

Morocco
58.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
56.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Mozambique
40.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
33.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Namibia
20% of GDP (2010 est.)
15.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Netherlands
64.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
60.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

New Zealand
25.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
22.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Nicaragua
78% of GDP (2010 est.)
63% of GDP (2009 est.)

Nigeria
13.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
11.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Norway
47.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
49.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Oman
4.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
5.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Pakistan
49.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
49.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Panama
40.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
44.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Papua New Guinea
27.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
29.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Paraguay
22.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
24% of GDP (2009 est.)

Peru
23.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
25% of GDP (2009 est.)

Philippines
55.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
57.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Poland
50.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
46.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Portugal
83.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
76.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Qatar
10.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
14% of GDP (2009 est.)

Romania
34.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
24% of GDP (2009 est.)

Russia
9.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
8.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
185% of GDP (2009 est.)

Saudi Arabia
16.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
22.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Senegal
32.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
29.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Serbia
37.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
31.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Seychelles
58.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
58.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Singapore
102.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
110% of GDP (2009 est.)
note: for Singapore, public debt consists largely of Singapore
Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident
Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution
pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are
non-tradeable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit
expenditures since the 1980s

Slovakia
41% of GDP (2010 est.)
35.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Slovenia
35.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
31.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

South Africa
33.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
29.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Spain
63.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
53.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Sri Lanka
86.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
85.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Sudan
94.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
105.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Sweden
40.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
41.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Switzerland
39.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
40.5% of GDP (2009 est.)

Syria
29.8% of GDP (2010 est.)
28.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Taiwan
31.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
33% of GDP (2009 est.)

Tanzania
23.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
21.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Thailand
42.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
44.9% of GDP (2009)

Trinidad and Tobago
26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
29% of GDP (2009 est.)

Tunisia
49.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
47.1% of GDP (2009 est.)

Turkey
48.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
46.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

Uganda
20.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
20.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Ukraine
38.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
30% of GDP (2009 est.)

United Arab Emirates
44.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
48.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

United Kingdom
76.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
68.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

United States
58.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
53.5% of GDP (2009 est.)
note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as
"Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments
issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities;
the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data
exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as
intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of
Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social
Security, Federal Employees, Hospital Insurance (Medicare and
Medicaid), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller
trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, "Gross Debt"
would increase by about 30% of GDP

Uruguay
52.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
60% of GDP (2009 est.)

Uzbekistan
9% of GDP (2010 est.)
9.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

Venezuela
25.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
18% of GDP (2009 est.)

Vietnam
53.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
52.4% of GDP (2009 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)

World
58.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
56.2% of GDP (2009 est.)

Yemen
39.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
36.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Zambia
24.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
25.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Zimbabwe
241.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
282.6% of GDP (2009 est.)

======================================================================

@2187

Field Listing :: Current account balance

This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus
net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net
transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to
and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These
figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in
purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Current account balance

Afghanistan
-$2.475 billion (2009 est.)
$85 million (2008 est.)

Albania
-$1.245 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.845 billion (2009 est.)

Algeria
$3.959 billion (2010 est.)
-$4.185 billion (2009 est.)

Angola
$2.089 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.668 billion (2009 est.)

Anguilla
-$42.87 million (2003 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
-$211 million (2007 est.)

Argentina
$6.976 billion (2010 est.)
$11.29 billion (2009 est.)

Armenia
-$1.138 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.326 billion (2009 est.)

Australia
-$35.23 billion (2010 est.)
-$41.33 billion (2009 est.)

Austria
$8.012 billion (2010 est.)
$8.73 billion (2009 est.)

Azerbaijan
$15.96 billion (2010 est.)
$10.18 billion (2009 est.)

Bahamas, The
-$283.2 million (2009 est.)
-$1.442 billion (2007 est.)

Bahrain
$589 million (2010 est.)
$560.2 million (2009 est.)

Bangladesh
$3.734 billion (2010)
$2.416 billion (2009)

Barbados
-$254 million (2007 est.)

Belarus
-$5.062 billion (2010 est.)
-$6.402 billion (2009 est.)

Belgium
-$1.129 billion (2010 est.)
$1.251 billion (2009 est.)

Belize
-$151 million (2010 est.)
-$93.3 million (2009 est.)

Benin
-$582 million (2010 est.)
-$644 million (2009 est.)

Bhutan
$164 million (2008 est.)
$116 million (2007 est.)

Bolivia
$878 million (2010 est.)
$800.7 million (2009 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
-$887 million (2010 est.)
-$1.283 billion (2009 est.)

Botswana
-$552 million (2010 est.)
-$762 million (2009 est.)

Brazil
-$52.73 billion (2010 est.)
-$24.3 billion (2009 est.)

British Virgin Islands
$134.3 million (1999)

Brunei
$7.024 billion (2008 est.)
$7.101 billion (2007 est.)

Bulgaria
-$1.528 billion (2010 est.)
-$4.348 billion (2009 est.)

Burkina Faso
-$486 million (2010 est.)
-$330 million (2009 est.)

Burma
$652 million (2010 est.)
$705 million (2009 est.)

Burundi
-$136 million (2010 est.)
-$127 million (2009 est.)

Cambodia
-$918 million (2010 est.)
-$865.7 million (2009 est.)

Cameroon
-$826 million (2010 est.)
-$1.137 billion (2009 est.)

Canada
-$40.21 billion (2010 est.)
-$38.08 billion (2009 est.)

Cape Verde
-$286 million (2010 est.)
-$319 million (2009 est.)

Central African Republic
-$77 million (2007 est.)

Chad
-$2.6 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.305 billion (2009 est.)

Chile
$1.033 billion (2010 est.)
$4.217 billion (2009 est.)

China
$272.5 billion (2010 est.)
$297.1 billion (2009 est.)

Colombia
-$5.946 billion (2010 est.)
-$4.991 billion (2009 est.)

Comoros
$8 million (2007 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
-$1.47 billion (2007 est.)
-$402 million (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
-$569 million (2010 est.)
-$1.195 billion (2009 est.)

Cook Islands
$26.67 million (2005)

Costa Rica
-$1.469 billion (2010 est.)
-$537 million (2009 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
$534 million (2010 est.)
$1.67 billion (2009 est.)

Croatia
-$2.312 billion (2010 est.)
-$3.247 billion (2009 est.)

Cuba
-$87 million (2010 est.)
$539 million (2009 est.)

Cyprus
-$2.5 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.915 billion (2009 est.)

Czech Republic
-$5.956 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.146 billion (2009 est.)

Denmark
$14.35 billion (2010 est.)
$12.43 billion (2009 est.)

Djibouti
-$352 million (2009 est.)
-$212 million (2007 est.)

Dominica
-$72 million (2007 est.)

Dominican Republic
-$3.862 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.328 billion (2009 est.)

Ecuador
-$692 million (2010 est.)
-$337.4 million (2009 est.)

Egypt
$270 million (2010 est.)
-$3.195 billion (2009 est.)

El Salvador
-$907 million (2010 est.)
-$374 million (2009)

Equatorial Guinea
-$1.477 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.883 billion (2009 est.)

Eritrea
-$212 million (2010 est.)
-$188 million (2009 est.)

Estonia
$265 million (2010 est.)
$898.7 million (2009 est.)

Ethiopia
-$2.232 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.996 billion (2009 est.)

European Union
$NA (2009)
$51.4 billion (2009 est.)

Fiji
-$507 million (2007 est.)

Finland
$4.696 billion (2010 est.)
$3.444 billion (2009 est.)

France
-$53.29 billion (2010 est.)
-$51.86 billion (2009 est.)

Gabon
$591 million (2010 est.)
$887 million (2009 est.)

Gambia, The
-$90 million (2010 est.)
-$81 million (2009 est.)

Georgia
-$1.404 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.259 billion (2009 est.)

Germany
$162.3 billion (2010 est.)
$168.1 billion (2009 est.)

Ghana
-$1.871 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.199 billion (2009 est.)

Greece
-$17.1 billion (2010 est.)
-$34.43 billion (2009 est.)

Grenada
-$138 million (2007 est.)

Guatemala
-$1.345 billion (2010 est.)
-$267.4 million (2009 est.)

Guinea
-$434 million (2010 est.)
-$538 million (2009 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
-$6 million (2007 est.)

Guyana
-$311 million (2010 est.)
-$265 million (2009 est.)

Haiti
-$781 million (2010 est.)
-$627 million (2009 est.)

Honduras
-$1.048 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.327 billion (2009 est.)

Hong Kong
$18.07 billion (2010 est.)
$18.28 billion (2009 est.)

Hungary
-$631 million (2010 est.)
$441 million (2009 est.)

Iceland
-$42 million (2010 est.)
-$440 million (2009 est.)

India
-$26.91 billion (2010 est.)
-$26.63 billion (2009 est.)

Indonesia
$8.532 billion (2010 est.)
$10.75 billion (2009 est.)

Iran
$9.76 billion (2010 est.)
$1.913 billion (2009 est.)

Iraq
$2.715 billion (2010 est.)
-$19.9 billion (2009 est.)

Ireland
-$3.191 billion (2010 est.)
-$6.762 billion (2009 est.)

Israel
$6.269 billion (2010 est.)
$7.637 billion (2009 est.)

Italy
-$61.98 billion (2010 est.)
-$66.2 billion (2009 est.)

Jamaica
-$1.382 billion (2010 est.)
-$876 million (2009 est.)

Japan
$182.3 billion (2010 est.)
$142.2 billion (2009 est.)

Jordan
-$975 million (2010 est.)
-$1.27 billion (2009 est.)

Kazakhstan
$6.993 billion (2010 est.)
-$3.405 billion (2009 est.)

Kenya
-$1.414 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.611 billion (2009 est.)

Kiribati
-$21 million (2007 est.)

Korea, South
$36.35 billion (2010 est.)
$42.67 billion (2009 est.)

Kosovo
-$2.716 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.408 billion (2009 est.)

Kuwait
$38.2 billion (2010 est.)
$28.61 billion (2009 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
-$210 million (2010 est.)
$184 million (2009 est.)

Laos
-$23 million (2010 est.)
-$356 million (2009 est.)

Latvia
$1.62 billion (2010 est.)
$2.53 billion (2009 est.)

Lebanon
-$6.972 billion (2010 est.)
-$7.555 billion (2009 est.)

Lesotho
-$125 million (2010 est.)
$194 million (2009 est.)

Liberia
-$224 million (2007)

Libya
$15.53 billion (2010 est.)
$10.06 billion (2009 est.)

Lithuania
$1.231 billion (2010 est.)
$1.492 billion (2009 est.)

Luxembourg
$3.396 billion (2010 est.)
$2.985 billion (2009 est.)

Macau
$NA

Macedonia
-$328 million (2010 est.)
-$645.6 million (2009 est.)

Madagascar
-$600 million (2010 est.)
-$561 million (2009 est.)

Malawi
-$315 million (2010 est.)
-$332 million (2009 est.)

Malaysia
$34.83 billion (2010 est.)
$34.08 billion (2009 est.)

Maldives
-$370 million (2009 est.)
-$638 million (2008 est.)

Mali
-$446 million (2007 est.)

Malta
-$403 million (2010 est.)
-$491 million (2009 est.)

Mauritania
-$184 million (2007 est.)

Mauritius
-$949 million (2010 est.)
-$674.6 million (2009 est.)

Mexico
-$7 billion (2010 est.)
-$6.23 billion (2009 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
-$34.3 million (FY05 est.)

Moldova
-$565 million (2010 est.)
-$464.6 million (2009 est.)

Mongolia
-$228.7 million (2009 est.)
-$710 million (2008 est.)

Montenegro
-$1.102 billion (2007 est.)

Morocco
-$7.922 billion (2010 est.)
-$4.958 billion (2009 est.)

Mozambique
-$1.028 billion (2010 est.)
-$866 million (2009 est.)

Namibia
-$187 million (2010 est.)
-$160.9 million (2009 est.)

Nepal
-$449 million (2010)
$537 million (2009)

Netherlands
$46.69 billion (2010 est.)
$39.58 billion (2009 est.)

New Zealand
-$4.504 billion (2010 est.)
-$3.693 billion (2009 est.)

Nicaragua
-$819 million (2010 est.)
-$841.1 million (2009 est.)

Niger
-$321 million (2007 est.)

Nigeria
$27.77 billion (2010 est.)
$22.89 billion (2009 est.)

Norway
$60.23 billion (2010 est.)
$53.53 billion (2009 est.)

Oman
$2.724 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.143 billion (2009 est.)

Pakistan
-$2.641 billion (2010 est.)
-$3.583 billion (2009 est.)

Palau
$15.09 million (FY03/04)

Panama
-$813 million (2010 est.)
-$2.33 billion (2009 est.)

Papua New Guinea
-$99 million (2010 est.)
-$446.4 million (2009 est.)

Paraguay
-$391 million (2010 est.)
-$149.2 million (2009 est.)

Peru
-$333 million (2010 est.)
$246.3 million (2009 est.)

Philippines
$8.575 billion (2010 est.)
$8.552 billion (2009 est.)

Poland
-$12.33 billion (2010 est.)
-$9.598 billion (2009 est.)

Portugal
-$19.03 billion (2010 est.)
-$23.95 billion (2009 est.)

Qatar
$20.11 billion (2010 est.)
$809 million (2009 est.)

Romania
-$7.934 billion (2010 est.)
-$7.139 billion (2009 est.)

Russia
$68.85 billion (2010 est.)
$48.97 billion (2009 est.)

Rwanda
-$489 million (2010 est.)
-$379 million (2009 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
-$163 million (2007 est.)

Saint Lucia
-$199 million (2007 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-$149 million (2007 est.)

Samoa
-$24 million (2007 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
-$73 million (2010 est.)
-$49 million (2009 est.)

Saudi Arabia
$52.03 billion (2010 est.)
$22.77 billion (2009 est.)

Senegal
-$1.046 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.356 billion (2009 est.)

Serbia
-$1.046 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.356 billion (2009 est.)

Seychelles
-$351 million (2010 est.)
-$284.2 million (2009 est.)

Sierra Leone
-$63 million (2007 est.)

Singapore
$40.44 billion (2010 est.)
$32.63 billion (2009 est.)

Slovakia
-$1.93 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.819 billion (2009 est.)

Slovenia
-$598 million (2010 est.)
-$732.4 million (2009 est.)

Solomon Islands
-$143 million (2007 est.)

South Africa
-$16.51 billion (2010 est.)
-$11.3 billion (2009 est.)

Spain
-$66.74 billion (2010 est.)
-$80.38 billion (2009 est.)

Sri Lanka
-$1.784 billion (2010 est.)
-$291 million (2009 est.)

Sudan
-$2.595 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.817 billion (2009 est.)

Suriname
$24 million (2007 est.)

Swaziland
-$374 million (2010 est.)
-$213 million (2009 est.)

Sweden
$21.68 billion (2010 est.)
$30.23 billion (2009 est.)

Switzerland
$49.35 billion (2010 est.)
$54.01 billion (2009 est.)

Syria
$649 million (2010 est.)
$394 million (2009 est.)

Taiwan
$39 billion (2010 est.)
$42.92 billion (2009 est.)

Tajikistan
-$330 million (2010 est.)
-$179.9 million (2009 est.)

Tanzania
-$1.523 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.746 billion (2009 est.)

Thailand
$12.29 billion (2010 est.)
$21.86 billion (2009)

Timor-Leste
$1.161 billion (2007 est.)

Togo
-$339 million (2010 est.)
-$236 million (2009 est.)

Tonga
-$23 million (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
$3.363 billion (2010 est.)
$1.702 billion (2009 est.)

Tunisia
-$1.389 billion (2010 est.)
-$1.234 billion (2009 est.)

Turkey
-$38.82 billion (2010 est.)
-$13.94 billion (2009 est.)

Turkmenistan
$3.081 billion (2010 est.)
$1.065 billion (2009 est.)

Tuvalu
-$11.68 million (2003)

Uganda
-$784 million (2010 est.)
-$451 million (2009 est.)

Ukraine
$603 million (2010 est.)
-$1.732 billion (2009 est.)

United Arab Emirates
$3.409 billion (2010 est.)
$7.871 billion (2009 est.)

United Kingdom
-$40.34 billion (2010 est.)
-$23.65 billion (2009 est.)

United States
-$561 billion (2010 est.)
-$378.4 billion (2009 est.)

Uruguay
-$377 million (2010 est.)
$258.8 million (2009 est.)

Uzbekistan
$5.588 billion (2010 est.)
$3.595 billion (2009 est.)

Vanuatu
-$60 million (2007 est.)

Venezuela
$22.07 billion (2010 est.)
$8.561 billion (2009 est.)

Vietnam
-$9.622 billion (2010 est.)
-$7.44 billion (2009 est.)

Yemen
-$2.181 billion (2010 est.)
-$2.328 billion (2009 est.)

Zambia
-$99 million (2010 est.)
-$174 million (2009 est.)

Zimbabwe
-$414.2 million (2010 est.)
-$807.5 million (2009 est.)

======================================================================

@2188

Field Listing :: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial
assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use
in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date
of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign
currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing
Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position
in the Fund.
Country Comparison to the World
Country

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Albania
$1.992 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.37 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Algeria
$150.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$149.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Angola
$16.89 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$13.64 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Argentina
$53.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$48.03 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Armenia
$2.247 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.004 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Australia
$38.62 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$41.74 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Austria
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$18.05 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Azerbaijan
$6.33 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$5.364 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Bahrain
$3.766 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.54 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Bangladesh
$10.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$10.34 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Barbados
$620 million (2007)

Belarus
$5.755 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$4.831 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Belgium
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$23.98 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Belize
$219 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$213.7 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Benin
$1.254 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.23 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Bolivia
$8.739 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$8.581 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$2.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.245 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Botswana
$7.834 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$8.704 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Brazil
$290.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$238.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Bulgaria
$15.07 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$18.53 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Burkina Faso
$1.588 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.296 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Burma
$3.762 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.561 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Burundi
$320 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$323 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Cambodia
$3.84 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.289 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Cameroon
$4.023 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.676 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Canada
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$54.36 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Cape Verde
$296 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$284 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Chad
$868 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$685 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Chile
$26.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$25.29 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

China
$2.622 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.426 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Colombia
$26.92 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$24.99 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$1.01 billion (March 2010 est.)
$1 billion (December 2009 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
$4.123 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.806 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Costa Rica
$4.584 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$4.066 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
$3.985 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.267 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Croatia
$13.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$14.89 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Cuba
$4.847 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$4.647 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Cyprus
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.289 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Czech Republic
$38.67 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$41.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Denmark
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$76.65 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Dominican Republic
$2.705 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.905 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Ecuador
$3.59 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.792 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Egypt
$35.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$33.93 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

El Salvador
$2.819 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.985 billion (31 December 2009)

Equatorial Guinea
$4.086 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.252 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Eritrea
$104 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$88 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Estonia
$3.641 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.981 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Ethiopia
$1.88 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.781 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

European Union
$NA

Finland
$9.128 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$11.45 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

France
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$133.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gabon
$2.602 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.993 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gambia, The
$203 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$224 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Georgia
$2.35 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.11 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Germany
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$180.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Ghana
$3.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.165 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Greece
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$5.546 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Guatemala
$5.709 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$4.973 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Guinea
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$51 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Guyana
$506 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$631.4 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Haiti
$1.021 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$790 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Honduras
$2.302 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.127 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Hong Kong
$262.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$255.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Hungary
$45.73 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$44.18 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Iceland
$4.206 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.883 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

India
$284.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$274.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Indonesia
$83.58 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$66.12 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Iran
$75.06 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$81.31 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Iraq
$45.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$44.38 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Ireland
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.154 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Israel
$66.98 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$60.61 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Italy
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$132.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Jamaica
$1.85 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.081 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Japan
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.024 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Jordan
$12.64 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$12.14 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Kazakhstan
$32.44 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$23.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Kenya
$4.585 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.85 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Korea, South
$274.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$270 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Kosovo
$NA

Kuwait
$22.42 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$20.38 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
$1.615 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.585 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Laos
$756 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$712.4 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Latvia
$7.17 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$6.907 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Lebanon
$41.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$39.16 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Lesotho
$893 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$988 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Libya
$107.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$104.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Lithuania
$6.418 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$6.66 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Luxembourg
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$810 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Macau
$NA

Macedonia
$2.127 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.292 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Madagascar
$1.038 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.136 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Malawi
$301 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$163.4 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Malaysia
$104.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$96.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Malta
$522 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$538.6 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Mauritius
$2.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.304 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Mexico
$116.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$99.86 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Moldova
$1.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.48 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Montenegro
$NA

Morocco
$24.57 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$23.58 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Mozambique
$1.982 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.829 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Namibia
$1.961 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.051 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Netherlands
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$39.61 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

New Zealand
$17.85 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$15.59 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Nicaragua
$1.58 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.573 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Nigeria
$43.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$44.76 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Norway
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$48.86 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Oman
$14 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$12.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Pakistan
$16.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$13.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Panama
$3.525 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.028 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Papua New Guinea
$3.017 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.607 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Paraguay
$4.082 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.862 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Peru
$37.27 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$33.23 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Philippines
$49.74 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$44.24 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Poland
$99.76 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$79.58 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Portugal
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$16.03 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Qatar
$22.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$18.81 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Romania
$50.51 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$44.11 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Russia
$483.1 billion (30 November 2010)
$439.4 billion (31 December 2009)

Rwanda
$816 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$742.7 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Samoa
$70.15 million (FY03/04)

Sao Tome and Principe
$46 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$39 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Saudi Arabia
$456.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$410.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Senegal
$2.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.123 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Serbia
$16.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$15.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Seychelles
$193 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$190.6 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Singapore
$212.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$187.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Slovakia
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.16 billion (31 January 2010 est.)

Slovenia
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.08 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

South Africa
$45.52 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$39.68 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Spain
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$28.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Sri Lanka
$5.63 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$5.358 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Sudan
$2.063 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$897 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Suriname
$263.3 million (2006)

Swaziland
$708 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$959 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Sweden
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$47.29 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Switzerland
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$135.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Syria
$17.96 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$17.44 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taiwan
$382.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$353 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Tajikistan
$303 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$227 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Tanzania
$3.687 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$3.206 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
note: excludes gold

Thailand
$176.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$138.4 billion (31 December 2009)

Togo
$686 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$703.2 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Tonga
$40.83 million (FY04/05)

Trinidad and Tobago
$9.659 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$9.246 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Tunisia
$11.23 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$11.06 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Turkey
$78 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$75 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Turkmenistan
$10.81 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$9.551 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Uganda
$3.743 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$2.995 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
note: excludes gold

Ukraine
$32.91 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$26.51 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

United Arab Emirates
$39.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$36.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

United Kingdom
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$66.72 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

United States
$NA (31 December 2010 est.)
$130.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Uruguay
$7.407 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$8.038 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Uzbekistan
$10.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Vanuatu
$40.54 million (2003)

Venezuela
$29.49 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$35 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Vietnam
$16.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$16.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Yemen
$5.744 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$6.993 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Zambia
$2.287 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$1.892 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Zimbabwe
$376 million (31 December 2010 est.)
$351 million (31 December 2009 est.)

======================================================================

@2189

Field Listing :: Union name

Country

Union name

European Union
conventional long form: European Union
abbreviation: EU

======================================================================

@2190

Field Listing :: Political structure

Country

Political structure

European Union
a hybrid intergovernmental and supranational
organization

======================================================================

@2191

Field Listing :: Member states

Country

Member states

European Union
27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, UK; note - candidate countries: Croatia, Iceland, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Turkey

======================================================================

@2192

Field Listing :: Preliminary statement

Country

Preliminary statement

European Union
The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a
regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to
today's supranational organization of 27 countries across the
European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the
annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation
were long the norm in Europe. On a few occasions even country-level
unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the
Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples - but for such a large number
of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching
entity is truly unique.
Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far
more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or
Mercosur, and it has many of the attributes associated with
independent nations: its own flag, anthem, founding date, and
currency, as well as an incipient common foreign and security policy
in its dealings with other nations.
In the future, many of these nation-like characteristics are likely
to be expanded. Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has
been deemed appropriate as a new, separate entity in The World
Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this
description is placed after the regular country entries.

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Field Listing :: Major infectious diseases

This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered
in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very
high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases
represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the
specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree
of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these
infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being
affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not
necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the
local population.
The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the
specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of
accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a
travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and
recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines.
Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories
shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk.
Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual
country entries may vary according to local conditions.
food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on
the local economy:
Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of
the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated
with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims
exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will
experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available.
Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the
functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal
contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, and dark colored urine.
Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food
or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit
sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%.
vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected
arthropod:
Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium;
transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito;
parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting
in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death
due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to
the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of
cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths
occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease
associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of
fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and
hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases.
Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from
influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever;
occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where
most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%.
Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus)
viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute
encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality
rates 30%.
African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa
Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking
Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and,
in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous
system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan
Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the
parasites.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa
leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results
in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries;
90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia,
Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans
can act as reservoirs of infection.
Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated
with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible;
recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South
America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages;
manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes;
disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to
pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease;
infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or
tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle
East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and
muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose,
and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%.
Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and
humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects;
infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or
contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and
southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are
generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the
disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular
disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases.
Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease
associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever;
characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain
usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis.
water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in
freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers:
Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans;
infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil
contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe
headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease
can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or
respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated
recovery can take months.
Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm
Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release
larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed
to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood
vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become
trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as
either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or
learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in
advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74
developing countries with 80% of infected people living in
sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite.
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation
of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine:
Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys;
endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct
contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or
fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50%
in epidemic outbreaks.
respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an
infectious person:
Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation
of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most
important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of
its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high
fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person
to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and
prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often
with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases,
typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of
meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of
sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches
from Senegal east to Ethiopia.
animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local
animals:
Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the
bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the
central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms
initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to
neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of
symptoms.
Country

Major infectious diseases

Afghanistan
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Angola
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping
sickness)
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Argentina
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Bangladesh
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in
some locations
water contact disease: leptospirosis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Belize
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Benin
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Bhutan
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Bolivia
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Botswana
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Burkina Faso
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Burma
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Burundi
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Cambodia
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and
malaria
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Cameroon
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Central African Republic
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Chad
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

China
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever
soil contact disease: hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renal
syndrome (HFRS)
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Colombia
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis
(sleeping sickness)
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Congo, Republic of the
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping
sickness)
animal contact disease: rabies
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Costa Rica
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)

Cote d'Ivoire
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
water contact: schistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Croatia
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Cuba
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)

Djibouti
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)