Chapter VII

The forests on the Bahr El Jebel and the woodlands of the Bahr El Ghazal province are more like those on the Upper White Nile, but some other trees appear, and the forests are not only in belts, but cover large areas. Near Mongalla the ironstone appears, and the forests partake of the same character as those of the Upper Bahr El Ghazal.

The forests on the Abyssinian and Eritrean frontiers have not yet been explored by an expert.

All over the Sudan the forests suffer greatly from fires which are set alight by the natives either for purposes of sport, or to clear the paths, or for grazing after the rains. Owing to these fires numbers of trees get killed or mutilated, and it is hopeless to think of developing fine forests until they can be kept under control.

[Sidenote: Fuel.]

One of the great economic questions of the Sudan, which gives rise to a certain anxiety, is the future supply of fuel. Although the felling of trees is under control, those alongside the river necessarily suffer greatly from the demand for steamer fuel, and there is not an unlimited supply. So far, no coal or petroleum has been found in the Sudan; it is believed that there are beds of lignite in the Dongola Province, but up till now they have not been thoroughly explored. Imported coal now costs from £E.4 to £E.6, and petroleum £E.6, a ton at Khartoum. (_Vide_ also p. 20.)

[Sidenote: Concessions.]

A certain part of the Sudan—chiefly to the north and north-east and south-east—has been leased to concessionaires for the purpose of prospecting for minerals and exploiting them when found. There are traces of gold and other minerals in most of these areas.

[Sidenote: Survey.]

The Sudan is being surveyed (commenced in 1898) on a scale of 1/250000. So far, over 50 sheets out of 139 projected have been published, and the work of surveying is proceeding steadily. _Vide_ p. 349.

[Sidenote: Sanitary.]

The population is very gradually being trained in sanitary methods, but it is a slow process. Efforts are also being made to stamp out malaria,[16] etc., by the latest scientific methods, but the size of most of the malarial districts is vastly in excess of the means so far available to deal with them. At Khartoum and at some of the other chief towns the steps taken have proved most effectual.

[Footnote 4: Temporarily occupied by the Congo Free State.]

[Footnote 5: Full particulars of Conditions of Service, etc., of Government Civil Officials in the Sudan may be obtained from the Secretary to Selection Board, Finance Ministry, Cairo.]

[Footnote 6: This Department is under the Egyptian Government.]

[Footnote 7: Except the Inspector-General.]

[Footnote 8: Detachments of Medical Corps, Supply, Transport, Stores, Works, and Veterinary Departments are at all stations where necessary.]

[Footnote 9: Estimate only.]

[Footnote 10: Trade in india-rubber is at present prohibited (December, 1904).]

[Footnote 11: _See_ Appendix A.]

[Footnote 12: The above observations on Justice are extracted from Lord Cromer’s Report, Egypt No. 1. (1904), p. 88.]

[Footnote 13: The Laboratory is the generous gift of Mr. Wellcome.]

[Footnote 14: Sir W. Mather, M.P.]

[Footnote 15: The figures for 1904 are:—

July 1·338

August 2·592

September ·787

only. _Vide_ “The Rains of the Nile Basin, 1904,” by Capt. H. Lyons, Survey Dept., Egypt, just published.]

[Footnote 16: _Vide_ Report on the Wellcome Research Laboratories—Gordon College—1904.]

THE EARL OF CROMER.]

SIR WM. GARSTIN.]

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