Chapter CXXVII: Part 127

Papua New Guinea
3.71 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Paraguay
3.8 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Peru
2.42 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Philippines
3.32 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA (2008 est.)

Poland
1.27 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Portugal
1.49 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Puerto Rico
1.76 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Qatar
2.47 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Romania
1.38 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Russia
1.4 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Rwanda
5.31 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saint Helena
1.56 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
2.28 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saint Lucia
1.86 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1.98 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1.79 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Samoa
4.18 children born/woman (2008 est.)

San Marino
1.35 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
5.43 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia
3.89 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Senegal
4.86 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Serbia
1.69 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Seychelles
1.73 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Sierra Leone
5.95 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Singapore
1.08 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Slovakia
1.34 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Slovenia
1.27 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Solomon Islands
3.65 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Somalia
6.6 children born/woman (2008 est.)

South Africa
2.43 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Spain
1.3 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka
2.02 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Sudan
4.58 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Suriname
2.01 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Svalbard
NA (2008 est.)

Swaziland
3.34 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Sweden
1.67 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Switzerland
1.44 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Syria
3.21 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Taiwan
1.13 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Tajikistan
3.04 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Tanzania
4.62 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Thailand
1.64 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Timor-Leste
3.36 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Togo
4.85 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Tokelau
NA (2008 est.)

Tonga
2.5 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
1.73 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Tunisia
1.73 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Turkey
1.87 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan
3.07 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
2.98 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Tuvalu
2.94 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Uganda
6.81 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Ukraine
1.25 children born/woman (2008 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.43 children born/woman (2008 est.)

United Kingdom
1.66 children born/woman (2008 est.)

United States
2.1 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Uruguay
1.94 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Uzbekistan
2.01 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Vanuatu
2.57 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Venezuela
2.52 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Vietnam
1.86 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Virgin Islands
1.88 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
NA (2008 est.)

West Bank
3.31 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Western Sahara
NA 5.69 children born/woman (2008 est.)

World
2.61 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Yemen
6.41 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Zambia
5.23 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe
3.72 children born/woman (2008 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2128 Government type

Afghanistan
Islamic republic

Albania
emerging democracy

Algeria
republic

American Samoa
NA

Andorra
parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as
its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the
president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are
represented locally by coprinces' representatives

Angola
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Anguilla
NA

Antarctica
Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed
on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961,
establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica;
the 30th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Delhi,
India in April/May 2007; at these periodic meetings, decisions are
made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations;
at the end of 2007, there were 46 treaty member nations: 28
consultative and 18 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making)
members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica
as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant
nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims;
the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is
administered through meetings of the consultative member nations;
decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member
nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in
accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses
indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and
when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date
indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory;
claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ,
Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium,
Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador
(1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India
(1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989),
Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977),
Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine
(1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative
members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria
(1987), Belarus (2006), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984),
Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece
(1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua
New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland
(1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia
acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic
and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful
purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is
prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for
scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 -
freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue;
Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation
with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not
recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new
claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 -
prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes;
Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south
of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights;
Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including
aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations,
installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and
of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 -
allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own
states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among
member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage
activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the
treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the
parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 -
deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among
involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations
adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments
include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were
later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for
the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral
resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was
signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this
agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment
through six specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2)
conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and
waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area
protection and management and 6) liability arising from
environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to
mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic
Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
system of government

Argentina
republic

Armenia
republic

Aruba
parliamentary democracy

Australia
federal parliamentary democracy

Austria
federal republic

Azerbaijan
republic

Bahamas, The
constitutional parliamentary democracy

Bahrain
constitutional monarchy

Bangladesh
parliamentary democracy

Barbados
parliamentary democracy

Belarus
republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgium
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional
monarchy

Belize
parliamentary democracy

Benin
republic

Bermuda
parliamentary; self-governing territory

Bhutan
in transition to constitutional monarchy; special treaty
relationship with India

Bolivia
republic

Bosnia and Herzegovina
emerging federal democratic republic

Botswana
parliamentary republic

Brazil
federal republic

British Virgin Islands
NA

Brunei
constitutional sultanate

Bulgaria
parliamentary democracy

Burkina Faso
parliamentary republic

Burma
military junta

Burundi
republic

Cambodia
multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Cameroon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Canada
constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary
democracy and a federation

Cape Verde
republic

Cayman Islands
British crown colony

Central African Republic
republic

Chad
republic

Chile
republic

China
Communist state

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comoros
republic

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
republic

Congo, Republic of the
republic

Cook Islands
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Rica
democratic republic

Cote d'Ivoire
republic; multiparty presidential regime established
1960
note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing
agreement mandated by international mediators

Croatia
presidential/parliamentary democracy

Cuba
Communist state

Cyprus
republic
note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the
island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this
separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in
July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave
the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots
control the only internationally recognized government; on 15
November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared
independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" (TRNC), which is recognized only by Turkey

Czech Republic
parliamentary democracy

Denmark
constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
republic

Dominica
parliamentary democracy

Dominican Republic
democratic republic

Ecuador
republic

Egypt
republic

El Salvador
republic

Equatorial Guinea
republic

Eritrea
transitional government
note: following a successful referendum on independence for the
Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National
Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and
Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a
Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a
constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the
transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,
did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential
elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001,
but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is
the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estonia
parliamentary republic

Ethiopia
federal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA

Faroe Islands
NA

Fiji
republic

Finland
republic

France
republic

French Polynesia
NA

Gabon
republic; multiparty presidential regime

Gambia, The
republic

Georgia
republic

Germany
federal republic

Ghana
constitutional democracy

Gibraltar
NA

Greece
parliamentary republic

Greenland
parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenada
parliamentary democracy

Guam
NA

Guatemala
constitutional democratic republic

Guernsey
parliamentary democracy

Guinea
republic

Guinea-Bissau
republic

Guyana
republic

Haiti
republic

Holy See (Vatican City)
ecclesiastical

Honduras
democratic constitutional republic

Hong Kong
limited democracy

Hungary
parliamentary democracy

Iceland
constitutional republic

India
federal republic

Indonesia
republic

Iran
theocratic republic

Iraq
parliamentary democracy

Ireland
republic, parliamentary democracy

Isle of Man
parliamentary democracy

Israel
parliamentary democracy

Italy
republic

Jamaica
constitutional parliamentary democracy

Japan
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government

Jersey
parliamentary democracy

Jordan
constitutional monarchy

Kazakhstan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Kenya
republic

Kiribati
republic

Korea, North
Communist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, South
republic

Kosovo
republic

Kuwait
constitutional emirate

Kyrgyzstan
republic

Laos
Communist state

Latvia
parliamentary democracy

Lebanon
republic

Lesotho
parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberia
republic

Libya
Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the
populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state

Liechtenstein
constitutional monarchy

Lithuania
parliamentary democracy

Luxembourg
constitutional monarchy

Macau
limited democracy

Macedonia
parliamentary democracy

Madagascar
republic

Malawi
multiparty democracy

Malaysia
constitutional monarchy
note: nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament
consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house;
all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka
and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and
Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government;
powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution;
under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain
constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own
immigration controls); Sabah holds 25 seats in House of
Representatives; Sarawak has 31 seats

Maldives
republic

Mali
republic

Malta
republic

Marshall Islands
constitutional government in free association with
the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21
October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Mauritania
Democratic Republic

Mauritius
parliamentary democracy

Mayotte
NA

Mexico
federal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of
constitutional government in free
association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered
into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into
force May 2004

Moldova
republic

Monaco
constitutional monarchy

Mongolia
mixed parliamentary/presidential

Montenegro
republic

Montserrat
NA

Morocco
constitutional monarchy

Mozambique
republic

Namibia
republic

Nauru
republic

Nepal
democratic republic

Netherlands
constitutional monarchy

Netherlands Antilles
parliamentary

New Caledonia
NA

New Zealand
parliamentary democracy

Nicaragua
republic

Niger
republic

Nigeria
federal republic

Niue
self-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
commonwealth; self-governing with locally
elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norway
constitutional monarchy

Oman
monarchy

Pakistan
federal republic

Palau
constitutional government in free association with the US; the
Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994

Panama
constitutional democracy

Papua New Guinea
constitutional parliamentary democracy

Paraguay
constitutional republic

Peru
constitutional republic

Philippines
republic

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
republic

Portugal
republic; parliamentary democracy

Puerto Rico
commonwealth

Qatar
emirate

Romania
republic

Russia
federation

Rwanda
republic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint Helena
NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis
parliamentary democracy

Saint Lucia
parliamentary democracy

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
parliamentary democracy

Samoa
parliamentary democracy

San Marino
republic

Sao Tome and Principe
republic

Saudi Arabia
monarchy

Senegal
republic

Serbia
republic

Seychelles
republic

Sierra Leone
constitutional democracy

Singapore
parliamentary republic

Slovakia
parliamentary democracy

Slovenia
parliamentary republic

Solomon Islands
parliamentary democracy

Somalia
no permanent national government; transitional,
parliamentary federal government

South Africa
republic

Spain
parliamentary monarchy

Sri Lanka
republic

Sudan
Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress
Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a
power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace
Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in
1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national
elections in 2009

Suriname
constitutional democracy

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
monarchy

Sweden
constitutional monarchy

Switzerland
formally a confederation but similar in structure to a
federal republic

Syria
republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime

Taiwan
multiparty democracy

Tajikistan
republic

Tanzania
republic

Thailand
constitutional monarchy

Timor-Leste
republic

Togo
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobago
parliamentary democracy

Tunisia
republic

Turkey
republican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Turks and Caicos Islands
NA

Tuvalu
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy

Uganda
republic

Ukraine
republic

United Arab Emirates
federation with specified powers delegated to
the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member
emirates

United Kingdom
constitutional monarchy

United States
Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic
tradition

Uruguay
constitutional republic

Uzbekistan
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little
power outside the executive branch

Vanuatu
parliamentary republic

Venezuela
federal republic

Vietnam
Communist state

Virgin Islands
NA

Wallis and Futuna
NA

Western Sahara
legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty
unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front
(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de
Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a
government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR),
led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between
Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring
northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario
guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979;
Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since
asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile
was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984;
guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored
cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council
Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in
Western Sahara or MINURSO

Yemen
republic

Zambia
republic

Zimbabwe
parliamentary democracy

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2129 Unemployment rate (%)

Afghanistan
40% (2005 est.)

Albania
13.2% official rate, but may exceed 30% due to preponderance
of near-subsistence farming (2007 est.)

Algeria
11.8% (2007 est.)

American Samoa
29.8% (2005)

Andorra
0% (1996 est.)

Angola
extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more
than half the population (2001 est.)

Anguilla
8% (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda
11% (2001 est.)

Argentina
8.5% (2007 est.)

Armenia
7.1% (2007 est.)

Aruba
6.9% (2005 est.)

Australia
4.4% (2007 est.)

Austria
4.4% (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan
1% official rate (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The
7.6% (2006 est.)

Bahrain
15% (2005 est.)

Bangladesh
2.5% (includes underemployment) (2007 est.)

Barbados
10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus
1.6% officially registered unemployed; large number of
underemployed workers (2005)

Belgium
7.5% (2007 est.)

Belize
9.4% (2006)

Benin
NA%

Bermuda
2.1% (2004 est.)

Bhutan
2.5% (2004)

Bolivia
7.5% in urban areas; widespread underemployment (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
45.5% official rate; grey economy may reduce
actual unemployment to 25-30% (31 December 2004 est.)

Botswana
7.5% (2007 est.)

Brazil
9.3% (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands
3.6% (1997)

Brunei
4% (2006)

Bulgaria
7.7% (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso
77% (2004)

Burma
5.2% (2007 est.)

Burundi
NA%

Cambodia
2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon
30% (2001 est.)

Canada
6% (2007 est.)

Cape Verde
21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands
4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic
8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)

Chad
NA%

Chile
7% (2007 est.)

China
4% unemployment in urban areas; substantial unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas (2007 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
60% (2000 est.)

Colombia
11.2% (2007 est.)

Comoros
20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%

Congo, Republic of the
NA%

Cook Islands
13.1% (2005)

Costa Rica
4.6% (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of
the civil war

Croatia
11.8% (2007 est.)

Cuba
1.8% (2007 est.)

Cyprus
3.9% (2007 est.)

Czech Republic
6.6% (2007 est.)

Denmark
2.8% (2007 est.)

Djibouti
59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007 est.)

Dominica
23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic
15.6% (2007 est.)

Ecuador
8.8% (2007 est.)

Egypt
9.1% (2007 est.)

El Salvador
6.2% official rate; but the economy has much
underemployment (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
30% (1998 est.)

Eritrea
NA%

Estonia
4.7% (2007 est.)

Ethiopia
NA%

European Union
8.5% (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
full employment; labor shortage
(2001)

Faroe Islands
2.1% (2006)

Fiji
7.6% (1999)

Finland
6.9% (2007 est.)

France
7.9% (2007 est.)

French Polynesia
11.7% (2005)

Gabon
21% (2006 est.)

Gambia, The
NA%

Gaza Strip
34.8% (2006)

Georgia
13.6% (2006 est.)

Germany
9%
note: this is the International Labor Organization's estimated rate
for international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Office
estimated a seasonally adjusted rate of 10.8% (2007 est.)

Ghana
11% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar
3% (2005 est.)

Greece
8.3% (2007 est.)

Greenland
9.3% (2005 est.)

Grenada
12.5% (2000)

Guam
11.4% (2002 est.)

Guatemala
3.2% (2005 est.)

Guernsey
0.9% (March 2006 est.)

Guinea
NA%

Guinea-Bissau
NA%

Guyana
9.1% (understated) (2000)

Haiti
widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than
two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)

Honduras
27.8% (2007 est.)

Hong Kong
4% (2007 est.)

Hungary
7.3% (2007 est.)

Iceland
1% (2007 est.)

India
7.2% (2007 est.)

Indonesia
9.1% (2007 est.)

Iran
12% according to the Iranian government (2007 est.)

Iraq
18% to 30% (2006 est.)

Ireland
4.6% (2007 est.)

Isle of Man
1.5% (December 2006 est.)

Israel
7.3% (2007 est.)

Italy
6.2% (2007 est.)

Jamaica
9.9% (2007 est.)

Japan
3.8% (2007 est.)

Jersey
2.2% (2006 est.)

Jordan
13.5% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%
(2007 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.3% (2007 est.)

Kenya
40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati
2% official rate; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
3.3% (2007 est.)

Kosovo
43% (2007 est.)

Kuwait
2.2% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
18% (2004 est.)

Laos
2.4% (2005 est.)

Latvia
5.7% (2007 est.)

Lebanon
20% (2006 est.)

Lesotho
45% (2002)

Liberia
85% (2003 est.)

Libya
30% (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein
1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania
3.5%
note: based on survey data, official registered unemployment of 5.7%
(2007 est.)

Luxembourg
4.4% (2007 est.)

Macau
3.1% (2006)

Macedonia
34.9% (2007 est.)

Malawi
NA%

Malaysia
3.2% (2007 est.)

Maldives
NEGL% (2003 est.)

Mali
30% (2004 est.)

Malta
6.4% (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands
30.9% (2000 est.)

Mauritania
20% (2004 est.)

Mauritius
8.8% (2007 est.)

Mayotte
25.4% (2005)

Mexico
3.7% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
22% (2000 est.)

Moldova
2.1%; note - roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are
employed abroad (2007 est.)

Monaco
0% (2005)

Mongolia
3% (2007)

Montenegro
14.7% (2007 est.)

Montserrat
6% (1998 est.)

Morocco
9.8% (2007 est.)

Mozambique
21% (1997 est.)

Namibia
5.2% (2007 est.)

Nauru
90% (2004 est.)

Nepal
42% (2004 est.)

Netherlands
4.6% (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
17% (2002 est.)

New Caledonia
17.1% (2004)

New Zealand
3.6% (2007 est.)

Nicaragua
4.9% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2007 est.)

Niger
NA%

Nigeria
4.9% (2007 est.)

Niue
12% (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands
3.9% (2001)

Norway
2.5% (2007 est.)

Oman
15% (2004 est.)

Pakistan
5.6% plus substantial underemployment (2007 est.)

Palau
4.2% (2005 est.)

Panama
6.4% (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea
1.9% up to 80% in urban areas (2004)

Paraguay
5.6% (2007 est.)

Peru
6.9% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2007
est.)

Philippines
7.3% (2007 est.)

Poland
12.8% (2007 est.)

Portugal
8% (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico
12% (2002)

Qatar
0.7% (2007 est.)

Romania
4.1% (2007 est.)

Russia
6.2% (2007 est.)

Rwanda
NA%

Saint Helena
14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia
20% (2003 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
10.3% (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15% (2001 est.)

Samoa
NA%

San Marino
3.8% (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe
NA%

Saudi Arabia
13% among Saudi males only (local bank estimate; some
estimates range as high as 25%) (2004 est.)

Senegal
48% (2007 est.)

Serbia
18.8% (2007 est.)

Seychelles
2% (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone
NA%

Singapore
2.1% (2007 est.)

Slovakia
8.4% (2007 est.)

Slovenia
7.7% (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands
NA%

Somalia
NA%

South Africa
24.3% (2007 est.)

Spain
8.3% (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka
6% (2007 est.)

Sudan
18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname
9.5% (2004)

Swaziland
40% (2006 est.)

Sweden
6.1% (2007 est.)

Switzerland
2.8% (2007 est.)

Syria
9% (2007 est.)

Taiwan
3.9% (2007 est.)

Tajikistan
2.4% official rate; actual unemployment is higher (2007
est.)

Tanzania
NA%

Thailand
1.4% (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste
50% estimated; note - unemployment in urban areas
reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.)

Togo
NA%

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
13% (FY03/04 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
4.5% (2007 est.)

Tunisia
14.1% (2007 est.)

Turkey
9.9% plus underemployment of 4% (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan
60% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
10% (1997 est.)

Tuvalu
NA%

Uganda
NA%

Ukraine
2.3% officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers; the International Labor Organization
calculates that Ukraine's real unemployment level is nearly 7% (2007
est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom
5.3% (2007 est.)

United States
4.6% (2007 est.)

Uruguay
9.2% (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan
0.8% officially by the Ministry of Labor, plus another
20% underemployed (2007 est.)

Vanuatu
1.7% (1999)

Venezuela
8.5% (2007 est.)

Vietnam
4.3% (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands
6.2% (2004)

Wallis and Futuna
15.2% (2003)

West Bank
18.6% (2006)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many
non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%
unemployment (2007 est.)

Yemen
35% (2003 est.)

Zambia
50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe
80% (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2137 Military - note

Akrotiri
Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British
Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoa
defense is the responsibility of the US

Andorra
defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilla
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarctica
the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military
nature, such as the establishment of military bases and
fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the
testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military
personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other
peaceful purposes

Argentina
the Argentine military is a well-organized force
constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the
country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military
is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground
forces lighter and more responsive (2008)

Aruba
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal
Australian Air Force

Barbados
the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based
Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land
element is to defend the island against external aggression; the
Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small
regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it
increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to
prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)

Bermuda
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Island
defense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territory
defense is the responsibility of the
UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016

British Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Cayman Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Christmas Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Clipperton Island
defense is the responsibility of France

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia;
the territory has a five-person police force

Cook Islands
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in
consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

Coral Sea Islands
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Cuba
the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban Army of its
major economic and logistic support, and had a significant impact on
equipment numbers and serviceability; the army remains well trained
and professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for
its existing equipment and the current severe shortage of fuel have
increasingly affected operational capabilities, Cuba remains able to
offer considerable resistance to any regional power (2008)

Dhekelia
includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station
connected by a roadway

European Union
the five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by
France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has deployed
troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and assumed
command of the ISAF in Afghanistan in August 2004; Eurocorps
directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the
Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR in Bosnia and
Herzegovina; in November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally
committed to creating 13 1,500-man battle groups by the end of 2007,
to respond to international crises on a rotating basis; 22 of the
EU's 25 nations have agreed to supply troops; France, Italy, and the
UK formed the first of three battle groups in 2005; Norway, Sweden,
Estonia, and Finland established the Nordic Battle Group effective 1
January 2008; nine other groups are to be formed; a rapid-reaction
naval EU Maritime Task Group was stood up in March 2007 (2007)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
defense is the responsibility of
the UK

Faroe Islands
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

French Polynesia
defense is the responsibility of France

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
defense is the responsibility of
France

Georgia
a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in
the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer
group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia

Gibraltar
defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal
Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces
in 1992

Greenland
defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Guam
defense is the responsibility of the US

Guernsey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
defense is the responsibility of
Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols

Holy See (Vatican City)
defense is the responsibility of Italy;
ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss
Guard

Hong Kong
defense is the responsibility of China

Iceland
Iceland has no standing military force; under a 1951
bilateral agreement - still valid - its defense was provided by the
US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik;
however, all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of
October 2006; although wartime defense of Iceland remains a NATO
commitment, in April 2007, Iceland and Norway signed a bilateral
agreement providing for Norwegian aerial surveillance and defense of
Icelandic airspace (2008)

Isle of Man
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Jan Mayen
defense is the responsibility of Norway

Jersey
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Kiribati
Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance
is provided by Australia and NZ

Laos
serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao
People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and
ineffectively resourced; its mission focus is border and internal
security, primarily in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups;
together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the
government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state
machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil
unrest and similar national emergencies, but the LPA also has
upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks; there is no
perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains strong
ties with the neighboring Vietnamese military (2008)

Lesotho
Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent
sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice,
external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of
the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public
Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the
defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's
cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities
and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a
small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a
planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous
resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF
(2008)

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein has no military forces, but is
interested in European security policy and is an active member of
the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Macau
defense is the responsibility of China

Maldives
the Maldives National Defense Force (MNDF), with its small
size and with little serviceable equipment, is inadequate to prevent
external aggression and is primarily tasked to reinforce the
Maldives Police Service (MPS) and ensure security in the exclusive
economic zone (2008)

Marshall Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Mayotte
defense is the responsibility of France; a small contingent
of French forces is stationed on the island

Micronesia, Federated States of
defense is the responsibility of the
US

Monaco
defense is the responsibility of France

Montenegro
Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully
professional armed forces

Montserrat
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Nauru
Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal
agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Navassa Island
defense is the responsibility of the US

Netherlands Antilles
defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands

New Caledonia
defense is the responsibility of France

Niue
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Norfolk Island
defense is the responsibility of Australia

Northern Mariana Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Palau
defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of
Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is
granted access to the islands for 50 years, but it has not stationed
any military forces there (2008)

Panama
on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA
abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by
creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's
Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting
the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary
establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external
aggression"

Paracel Islands
occupied by China

Pitcairn Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Puerto Rico
defense is the responsibility of the US

Saint Barthelemy
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Helena
defense is the responsibility of the UK

Saint Martin
defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
defense is the responsibility of France

Samoa
Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;
informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider
any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

San Marino
defense is the responsibility of Italy

Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force
with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly
ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered
simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or
replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working
conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have
been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups;
these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at
improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns;
command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of
Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)

South Africa
with the end of apartheid and the establishment of
majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and
ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National
Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was
considered complete

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
defense is the
responsibility of the UK

Spratly Islands
Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small
islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by
China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Svalbard
Svalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treaty
on 9 February 1920

Tokelau
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Turkey
a "National Security Policy Document" adopted in October 2005
increases the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security,
augmenting the General Directorate of Security and Gendarmerie
General Command (Jandarma); the TSK leadership continues to play a
key role in politics and considers itself guardian of Turkey's
secular state; in April 2007, it warned the ruling party about any
pro-Islamic appointments; despite on-going negotiations on EU
accession since October 2005, progress has been limited in
establishing required civilian supremacy over the military; primary
domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition
in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (the
Kurdish problem), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed
establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region; an overhaul of the
Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force
2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained
forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable
of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing
international peacekeeping responsibilities, and took charge of a
NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command in
Afghanistan in April 2007; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval
power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond
Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO,
multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of
territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the
Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept"
in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile
defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern
deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and
establishing a sustainable command and control system (2008)

Turks and Caicos Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
defense is the
responsibility of the US

Virgin Islands
defense is the responsibility of the US

Wake Island
defense is the responsibility of the US; the US Air
Force is responsible for overall administration and operation of the
island; the launch support facility is administered by the US
Missile Defense Agency (MDA)

Wallis and Futuna
defense is the responsibility of France

Yemen
a Coast Guard was established in 2002

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2138 Communications - note

Afghanistan
Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as
well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2005)

Bouvet Island
automatic meteorological station

Coral Sea Islands
there are automatic weather stations on many of
the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
one or more meteorological
stations on each possession; note - meteorological station on
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) is important for forecasting cyclones

Saint Helena
South Africa maintains a meteorological station on
Gough Island

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2140 Government - note

French Polynesia
under certain acts of France, French Polynesia has
acquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police and
justice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, and
defense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president are
fashioned after those of the French prime minister

Malawi
no party has a majority in the fractured legislature

New Zealand
while not an official symbol, the Kiwi, a small native
flightless bird, represents New Zealand

Solomon Islands
by the end of 2007, the Regional Assistance Mission
to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) - originally made up of police and
troops from Australia, NZ, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga - had
been scaled back to 303 police officers, 197 civilian technical
advisers, and 72 military advisers from 15 countries across the
region

Somalia
although an interim government was created in 2004, other
regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control
various regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic
of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous State
of Puntland in northeastern Somalia

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2142 Country name

Afghanistan
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
conventional short form: Afghanistan
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan
local short form: Afghanestan
former: Republic of Afghanistan

Akrotiri
conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area
conventional short form: Akrotiri

Albania
conventional long form: Republic of Albania
conventional short form: Albania
local long form: Republika e Shqiperise
local short form: Shqiperia
former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Algeria
conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of
Algeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash
Sha'biyah
local short form: Al Jaza'ir

American Samoa
conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa
conventional short form: American Samoa
abbreviation: AS

Andorra
conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form: Andorra
local long form: Principat d'Andorra
local short form: Andorra

Angola
conventional long form: Republic of Angola
conventional short form: Angola
local long form: Republica de Angola
local short form: Angola
former: People's Republic of Angola

Anguilla
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Anguilla

Antarctica
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina
conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form: Argentina
local long form: Republica Argentina
local short form: Argentina

Armenia
conventional long form: Republic of Armenia
conventional short form: Armenia
local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
local short form: Hayastan
former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic

Aruba
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Aruba

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional long form: Territory of
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australia
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia
conventional short form: Australia

Austria
conventional long form: Republic of Austria
conventional short form: Austria
local long form: Republik Oesterreich
local short form: Oesterreich

Azerbaijan
conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: Azarbaycan
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Bahamas, The
conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas
conventional short form: The Bahamas

Bahrain
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain
conventional short form: Bahrain
local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn
local short form: Al Bahrayn
former: Dilmun

Bangladesh
conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh
conventional short form: Bangladesh
local long form: Gana Prajatantri Banladesh
local short form: Banladesh
former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

Barbados
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Barbados

Belarus
conventional long form: Republic of Belarus
conventional short form: Belarus
local long form: Respublika Byelarus'
local short form: Byelarus'
former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium
conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium
conventional short form: Belgium
local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie
local short form: Belgique/Belgie

Belize
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Belize
former: British Honduras

Benin
conventional long form: Republic of Benin
conventional short form: Benin
local long form: Republique du Benin
local short form: Benin
former: Dahomey

Bermuda
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bermuda
former: Somers Islands

Bhutan
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul

Bolivia
conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia
conventional short form: Bolivia
local long form: Republica de Bolivia
local short form: Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: none
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana
local long form: Republic of Botswana
local short form: Botswana
former: Bechuanaland

Bouvet Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island

Brazil
conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil

British Indian Ocean Territory
conventional long form: British
Indian Ocean Territory
conventional short form: none
abbreviation: BIOT

British Virgin Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: British Virgin Islands
abbreviation: BVI

Brunei
conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei

Bulgaria
conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
local long form: Republika Balgariya
local short form: Balgariya

Burkina Faso
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Burkina Faso
local long form: none
local short form: Burkina Faso
former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

Burma
conventional long form: Union of Burma
conventional short form: Burma
local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the
US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of
Myanmar)
local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw
former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the
name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision
was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US
Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the
Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw

Burundi
conventional long form: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form: Burundi
local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi
local short form: Burundi
former: Urundi

Cambodia
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia
local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic
pronunciation)
local short form: Kampuchea
former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of
Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

Cameroon
conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon
local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon
former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of
Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon

Canada
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Canada

Cape Verde
conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde
conventional short form: Cape Verde
local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
local short form: Cabo Verde

Cayman Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cayman Islands

Central African Republic
conventional long form: Central African
Republic
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Centrafricaine
local short form: none
former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire
abbreviation: CAR

Chad
conventional long form: Republic of Chad
conventional short form: Chad
local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
local short form: Tchad/Tshad

Chile
conventional long form: Republic of Chile
conventional short form: Chile
local long form: Republica de Chile
local short form: Chile

China
conventional long form: People's Republic of China
conventional short form: China
local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo
local short form: Zhongguo
abbreviation: PRC

Christmas Island
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas
Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island

Clipperton Island
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Clipperton Island
local long form: none
local short form: Ile Clipperton
former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
conventional long form: Territory of Cocos
(Keeling) Islands
conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Colombia
conventional long form: Republic of Colombia
conventional short form: Colombia
local long form: Republica de Colombia
local short form: Colombia

Comoros
conventional long form: Union of the Comoros
conventional short form: Comoros
local long form: Union des Comores
local short form: Comores

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
conventional long form: Democratic
Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: none
local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo
local short form: none
former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville,
Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire
abbreviation: DRC

Congo, Republic of the
conventional long form: Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville)
local long form: Republique du Congo
local short form: none
former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

Cook Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Cook Islands
former: Harvey Islands

Coral Sea Islands
conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands

Costa Rica
conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica
conventional short form: Costa Rica
local long form: Republica de Costa Rica
local short form: Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire
conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire
conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire
local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire
local short form: Cote d'Ivoire
note: pronounced coat-div-whar
former: Ivory Coast

Croatia
conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form: Croatia
local long form: Republika Hrvatska
local short form: Hrvatska
former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Cuba
conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
conventional short form: Cuba
local long form: Republica de Cuba
local short form: Cuba

Cyprus
conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus
conventional short form: Cyprus
local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti
local short form: Kypros/Kibris
note: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northern
part of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of
Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)

Czech Republic
conventional long form: Czech Republic
conventional short form: Czech Republic
local long form: Ceska Republika
local short form: Cesko

Denmark
conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark
conventional short form: Denmark
local long form: Kongeriget Danmark
local short form: Danmark

Dhekelia
conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area
conventional short form: Dhekelia

Djibouti
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti
local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti
local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti
former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland

Dominica
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica
conventional short form: Dominica

Dominican Republic
conventional long form: Dominican Republic
conventional short form: The Dominican
local long form: Republica Dominicana
local short form: La Dominicana

Ecuador
conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador
conventional short form: Ecuador
local long form: Republica del Ecuador
local short form: Ecuador

Egypt
conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt
conventional short form: Egypt
local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
local short form: Misr
former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)

El Salvador
conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador
conventional short form: El Salvador
local long form: Republica de El Salvador
local short form: El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea
conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial
Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee
equatoriale
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale
former: Spanish Guinea

Eritrea
conventional long form: State of Eritrea
conventional short form: Eritrea
local long form: Hagere Ertra
local short form: Ertra
former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia

Estonia
conventional long form: Republic of Estonia
conventional short form: Estonia
local long form: Eesti Vabariik
local short form: Eesti
former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ethiopia
conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia
conventional short form: Ethiopia
local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
local short form: Ityop'iya
former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
abbreviation: FDRE

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Faroe Islands
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Faroe Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Foroyar

Fiji
conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands
conventional short form: Fiji
local long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands/Matanitu ko Viti
local short form: Fiji/Viti

Finland
conventional long form: Republic of Finland
conventional short form: Finland
local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland
local short form: Suomi/Finland

France
conventional long form: French Republic
conventional short form: France
local long form: Republique francaise
local short form: France

French Polynesia
conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French
Polynesia
conventional short form: French Polynesia
local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise
local short form: Polynesie Francaise
former: French Colony of Oceania

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
conventional long form:
Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands
local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques
Francaises
local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises
abbreviation: TAAF

Gabon
conventional long form: Gabonese Republic
conventional short form: Gabon
local long form: Republique gabonaise
local short form: Gabon

Gambia, The
conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form: The Gambia

Gaza Strip
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gaza Strip
local long form: none
local short form: Qita Ghazzah

Georgia
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Georgia
local long form: none
local short form: Sak'art'velo
former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Germany
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany
conventional short form: Germany
local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
local short form: Deutschland
former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich

Ghana
conventional long form: Republic of Ghana
conventional short form: Ghana
former: Gold Coast

Gibraltar
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gibraltar

Greece
conventional long form: Hellenic Republic
conventional short form: Greece
local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia
local short form: Ellas or Ellada
former: Kingdom of Greece

Greenland
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Greenland
local long form: none
local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat

Grenada
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Grenada

Guam
conventional long form: Territory of Guam
conventional short form: Guam
local long form: Guahan
local short form: Guahan

Guatemala
conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala
conventional short form: Guatemala
local long form: Republica de Guatemala
local short form: Guatemala

Guernsey
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey
conventional short form: Guernsey

Guinea
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea
conventional short form: Guinea
local long form: Republique de Guinee
local short form: Guinee
former: French Guinea

Guinea-Bissau
conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau
conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau
local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau
local short form: Guine-Bissau
former: Portuguese Guinea

Guyana
conventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyana
conventional short form: Guyana
former: British Guiana

Haiti
conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
conventional short form: Haiti
local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti
local short form: Haiti/Ayiti

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional long form: Territory
of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
abbreviation: HIMI

Holy See (Vatican City)
conventional long form: The Holy See (State
of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)
local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)
local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

Honduras
conventional long form: Republic of Honduras
conventional short form: Honduras
local long form: Republica de Honduras
local short form: Honduras

Hong Kong
conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
conventional short form: Hong Kong
local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu
local short form: Xianggang
abbreviation: HK

Hungary
conventional long form: Republic of Hungary
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag
local short form: Magyarorszag

Iceland
conventional long form: Republic of Iceland
conventional short form: Iceland
local long form: Lydveldid Island
local short form: Island

India
conventional long form: Republic of India
conventional short form: India
local long form: Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya
local short form: India/Bharat

Indonesia
conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
local long form: Republik Indonesia
local short form: Indonesia
former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies

Iran
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
conventional short form: Iran
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
local short form: Iran
former: Persia

Iraq
conventional long form: Republic of Iraq
conventional short form: Iraq
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al-Iraqiyah
local short form: Al Iraq

Ireland
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ireland
local long form: none
local short form: Eire

Isle of Man
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Isle of Man
abbreviation: I.O.M.

Israel
conventional long form: State of Israel
conventional short form: Israel
local long form: Medinat Yisra'el
local short form: Yisra'el

Italy
conventional long form: Italian Republic
conventional short form: Italy
local long form: Repubblica Italiana
local short form: Italia
former: Kingdom of Italy

Jamaica
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jamaica

Jan Mayen
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen

Japan
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Japan
local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku
local short form: Nihon/Nippon

Jersey
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey

Jordan
conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan

Kazakhstan
conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
local short form: Qazaqstan
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Kenya
conventional long form: Republic of Kenya
conventional short form: Kenya
local long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya
local short form: Kenya
former: British East Africa

Kiribati
conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati
conventional short form: Kiribati
local long form: Republic of Kiribati
local short form: Kiribati
note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss
former: Gilbert Islands

Korea, North
conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of
Korea
conventional short form: North Korea
local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk
local short form: Choson
abbreviation: DPRK

Korea, South
conventional long form: Republic of Korea
conventional short form: South Korea
local long form: Taehan-min'guk
local short form: Han'guk
abbreviation: ROK

Kosovo
conventional long form: Republic of Kosovo
conventional short form: Kosovo
local long form: Republika e Kosoves (Republika Kosova)
local short form: Kosova (Kosovo)
former: Kosovo and Metohija Autonomous Province