Chapter CV: Part 105

Senegal
total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau
338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Serbia
total: 2,026 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km,
Croatia 241 km, Hungary 151 km, Kosovo 352 km, Macedonia 62 km,
Montenegro 124 km, Romania 476 km

Seychelles
0 km

Sierra Leone
total: 958 km
border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Singapore
0 km

Slovakia
total: 1,474 km
border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 197 km, Hungary 676
km, Poland 420 km, Ukraine 90 km

Slovenia
total: 1,086 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km,
Italy 199 km

Solomon Islands
0 km

Somalia
total: 2,340 km
border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km

South Africa
total: 4,862 km
border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491
km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
0 km

Spain
total: 1,917.8 km
border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km,
Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Spratly Islands
0 km

Sri Lanka
0 km

Sudan
total: 7,687 km
border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km,
Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605
km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km

Suriname
total: 1,703 km
border countries: Brazil 593 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km

Svalbard
0 km

Swaziland
total: 535 km
border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Sweden
total: 2,233 km
border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km

Switzerland
total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km,
Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Syria
total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon
375 km, Turkey 822 km

Taiwan
0 km

Tajikistan
total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tanzania
total: 3,861 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217
km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Thailand
total: 4,863 km
border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km,
Malaysia 506 km

Timor-Leste
total: 228 km
border countries: Indonesia 228 km

Togo
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Tokelau
0 km

Tonga
0 km

Trinidad and Tobago
0 km

Tunisia
total: 1,424 km
border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km

Turkey
total: 2,648 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Turkmenistan
total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379
km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Turks and Caicos Islands
0 km

Tuvalu
0 km

Uganda
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Ukraine
total: 4,566 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 940 km,
Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 176 km, Romania (southwest) 362 km,
Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km

United Arab Emirates
total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

United Kingdom
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km

United States
total: 12,034 km
border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska),
Mexico 3,141 km
note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and
is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28 km

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
none

Uruguay
total: 1,648 km
border countries: Argentina 580 km, Brazil 1,068 km

Uzbekistan
total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km,
Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Vanuatu
0 km

Venezuela
total: 4,993 km
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Vietnam
total: 4,639 km
border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Virgin Islands
0 km

Wake Island
0 km

Wallis and Futuna
0 km

West Bank
total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

Western Sahara
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km

World
the land boundaries in the world total 251,060 km (not
counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia,
each border 14 other countries
note: 45 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include:
Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic,
Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal,
Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Swaziland,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West
Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan,
are doubly landlocked

Yemen
total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

Zambia
total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania
338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Zimbabwe
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa
225 km, Zambia 797 km

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2097 Land use (%)

Afghanistan
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 87.66% (2005)

Albania
arable land: 20.1%
permanent crops: 4.21%
other: 75.69% (2005)

Algeria
arable land: 3.17%
permanent crops: 0.28%
other: 96.55% (2005)

American Samoa
arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 15%
other: 75% (2005)

Andorra
arable land: 2.13%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.87% (2005)

Angola
arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.23%
other: 97.12% (2005)

Anguilla
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some
commercial salt ponds) (2005)

Antarctica
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (2005)

Antigua and Barbuda
arable land: 18.18%
permanent crops: 4.55%
other: 77.27% (2005)

Argentina
arable land: 10.03%
permanent crops: 0.36%
other: 89.61% (2005)

Armenia
arable land: 16.78%
permanent crops: 2.01%
other: 81.21% (2005)

Aruba
arable land: 10.53%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 89.47% (2005)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)

Australia
arable land: 6.15% (includes about 27 million hectares of
cultivated grassland)
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 93.81% (2005)

Austria
arable land: 16.59%
permanent crops: 0.85%
other: 82.56% (2005)

Azerbaijan
arable land: 20.62%
permanent crops: 2.61%
other: 76.77% (2005)

Bahamas, The
arable land: 0.58%
permanent crops: 0.29%
other: 99.13% (2005)

Bahrain
arable land: 2.82%
permanent crops: 5.63%
other: 91.55% (2005)

Bangladesh
arable land: 55.39%
permanent crops: 3.08%
other: 41.53% (2005)

Barbados
arable land: 37.21%
permanent crops: 2.33%
other: 60.46% (2005)

Belarus
arable land: 26.77%
permanent crops: 0.6%
other: 72.63% (2005)

Belgium
arable land: 27.42%
permanent crops: 0.69%
other: 71.89%
note: includes Luxembourg (2005)

Belize
arable land: 3.05%
permanent crops: 1.39%
other: 95.56% (2005)

Benin
arable land: 23.53%
permanent crops: 2.37%
other: 74.1% (2005)

Bermuda
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2005)

Bhutan
arable land: 2.3%
permanent crops: 0.43%
other: 97.27% (2005)

Bolivia
arable land: 2.78%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 97.03% (2005)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
arable land: 19.61%
permanent crops: 1.89%
other: 78.5% (2005)

Botswana
arable land: 0.65%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.34% (2005)

Bouvet Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (93% ice) (2005)

Brazil
arable land: 6.93%
permanent crops: 0.89%
other: 92.18% (2005)

British Indian Ocean Territory
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

British Virgin Islands
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 6.67%
other: 73.33% (2005)

Brunei
arable land: 2.08%
permanent crops: 0.87%
other: 97.05% (2005)

Bulgaria
arable land: 29.94%
permanent crops: 1.9%
other: 68.16% (2005)

Burkina Faso
arable land: 17.66%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 82.12% (2005)

Burma
arable land: 14.92%
permanent crops: 1.31%
other: 83.77% (2005)

Burundi
arable land: 35.57%
permanent crops: 13.12%
other: 51.31% (2005)

Cambodia
arable land: 20.44%
permanent crops: 0.59%
other: 78.97% (2005)

Cameroon
arable land: 12.54%
permanent crops: 2.52%
other: 84.94% (2005)

Canada
arable land: 4.57%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 94.78% (2005)

Cape Verde
arable land: 11.41%
permanent crops: 0.74%
other: 87.85% (2005)

Cayman Islands
arable land: 3.85%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 96.15% (2005)

Central African Republic
arable land: 3.1%
permanent crops: 0.15%
other: 96.75% (2005)

Chad
arable land: 2.8%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 97.18% (2005)

Chile
arable land: 2.62%
permanent crops: 0.43%
other: 96.95% (2005)

China
arable land: 14.86%
permanent crops: 1.27%
other: 83.87% (2005)

Christmas Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a
national park) (2005)

Clipperton Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all coral) (2005)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Colombia
arable land: 2.01%
permanent crops: 1.37%
other: 96.62% (2005)

Comoros
arable land: 35.87%
permanent crops: 23.32%
other: 40.81% (2005)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
arable land: 2.86%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 96.67% (2005)

Congo, Republic of the
arable land: 1.45%
permanent crops: 0.15%
other: 98.4% (2005)

Cook Islands
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 8.33%
other: 75% (2005)

Coral Sea Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2005)

Costa Rica
arable land: 4.4%
permanent crops: 5.87%
other: 89.73% (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire
arable land: 10.23%
permanent crops: 11.16%
other: 78.61% (2005)

Croatia
arable land: 25.82%
permanent crops: 2.19%
other: 71.99% (2005)

Cuba
arable land: 27.63%
permanent crops: 6.54%
other: 65.83% (2005)

Cyprus
arable land: 10.81%
permanent crops: 4.32%
other: 84.87% (2005)

Czech Republic
arable land: 38.82%
permanent crops: 3%
other: 58.18% (2005)

Denmark
arable land: 52.59%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 47.22% (2005)

Djibouti
arable land: 0.04%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.96% (2005)

Dominica
arable land: 6.67%
permanent crops: 21.33%
other: 72% (2005)

Dominican Republic
arable land: 22.49%
permanent crops: 10.26%
other: 67.25% (2005)

Ecuador
arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 4.81%
other: 89.48% (2005)

Egypt
arable land: 2.92%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 96.58% (2005)

El Salvador
arable land: 31.37%
permanent crops: 11.88%
other: 56.75% (2005)

Equatorial Guinea
arable land: 4.63%
permanent crops: 3.57%
other: 91.8% (2005)

Eritrea
arable land: 4.78%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 95.19% (2005)

Estonia
arable land: 12.05%
permanent crops: 0.35%
other: 87.6% (2005)

Ethiopia
arable land: 10.01%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 89.34% (2005)

European Union
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)

Faroe Islands
arable land: 2.14%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.86% (2005)

Fiji
arable land: 10.95%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.4% (2005)

Finland
arable land: 6.54%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 93.44% (2005)

France
arable land: 33.46%
permanent crops: 2.03%
other: 64.51%
note: French Guiana - arable land 0.13%, permanent crops 0.04%,
other 99.83% (90% forest, 10% other); Guadeloupe - arable land
11.70%, permanent crops 2.92%, other 85.38%; Martinique - arable
land 9.09%, permanent crops 10.0%, other 80.91%; Reunion - arable
land 13.94%, permanent crops 1.59%, other 84.47% (2005)

French Polynesia
arable land: 0.75%
permanent crops: 5.5%
other: 93.75% (2005)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et
Ile Saint-Paul) - 100% trees, grasses, ferns, and moss; Ile
Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul) - 100% grass, ferns,
and moss; Iles Crozet - 100% tossock grass, heath, and fern; Iles
Kerguelen - 100% tossock grass and Kerguelen cabbage; Bassas da
India (Iles Eparses) - 100% rock, coral reef, and sand; Europa
Island (Iles Eparses) - 100% mangrove swamp and dry woodlands;
Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses) - 100% lush vegetation and coconut
palms; Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses) - 90% forest, 10% other;
Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) - 100% grasses and scattered brush
(2005)

Gabon
arable land: 1.21%
permanent crops: 0.64%
other: 98.15% (2005)

Gambia, The
arable land: 27.88%
permanent crops: 0.44%
other: 71.68% (2005)

Gaza Strip
arable land: 29%
permanent crops: 21%
other: 50% (2002)

Georgia
arable land: 11.51%
permanent crops: 3.79%
other: 84.7% (2005)

Germany
arable land: 33.13%
permanent crops: 0.6%
other: 66.27% (2005)

Ghana
arable land: 17.54%
permanent crops: 9.22%
other: 73.24% (2005)

Gibraltar
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Greece
arable land: 20.45%
permanent crops: 8.59%
other: 70.96% (2005)

Greenland
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Grenada
arable land: 5.88%
permanent crops: 29.41%
other: 64.71% (2005)

Guam
arable land: 3.64%
permanent crops: 18.18%
other: 78.18% (2005)

Guatemala
arable land: 13.22%
permanent crops: 5.6%
other: 81.18% (2005)

Guernsey
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA

Guinea
arable land: 4.47%
permanent crops: 2.64%
other: 92.89% (2005)

Guinea-Bissau
arable land: 8.31%
permanent crops: 6.92%
other: 84.77% (2005)

Guyana
arable land: 2.23%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 97.63% (2005)

Haiti
arable land: 28.11%
permanent crops: 11.53%
other: 60.36% (2005)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Holy See (Vatican City)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)

Honduras
arable land: 9.53%
permanent crops: 3.21%
other: 87.26% (2005)

Hong Kong
arable land: 5.05%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 93.94% (2001)

Hungary
arable land: 49.58%
permanent crops: 2.06%
other: 48.36% (2005)

Iceland
arable land: 0.07%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.93% (2005)

India
arable land: 48.83%
permanent crops: 2.8%
other: 48.37% (2005)

Indonesia
arable land: 11.03%
permanent crops: 7.04%
other: 81.93% (2005)

Iran
arable land: 9.78%
permanent crops: 1.29%
other: 88.93% (2005)

Iraq
arable land: 13.12%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 86.27% (2005)

Ireland
arable land: 16.82%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 83.15% (2005)

Isle of Man
arable land: 9%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 91% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland)
(2002)

Israel
arable land: 15.45%
permanent crops: 3.88%
other: 80.67% (2005)

Italy
arable land: 26.41%
permanent crops: 9.09%
other: 64.5% (2005)

Jamaica
arable land: 15.83%
permanent crops: 10.01%
other: 74.16% (2005)

Jan Mayen
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Japan
arable land: 11.64%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 87.46% (2005)

Jersey
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Jordan
arable land: 3.32%
permanent crops: 1.18%
other: 95.5% (2005)

Kazakhstan
arable land: 8.28%
permanent crops: 0.05%
other: 91.67% (2005)

Kenya
arable land: 8.01%
permanent crops: 0.97%
other: 91.02% (2005)

Kiribati
arable land: 2.74%
permanent crops: 47.95%
other: 49.31% (2005)

Korea, North
arable land: 22.4%
permanent crops: 1.66%
other: 75.94% (2005)

Korea, South
arable land: 16.58%
permanent crops: 2.01%
other: 81.41% (2005)

Kuwait
arable land: 0.84%
permanent crops: 0.17%
other: 98.99% (2005)

Kyrgyzstan
arable land: 6.55%
permanent crops: 0.28%
other: 93.17%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut
forest (2005)

Laos
arable land: 4.01%
permanent crops: 0.34%
other: 95.65% (2005)

Latvia
arable land: 28.19%
permanent crops: 0.45%
other: 71.36% (2005)

Lebanon
arable land: 16.35%
permanent crops: 13.75%
other: 69.9% (2005)

Lesotho
arable land: 10.87%
permanent crops: 0.13%
other: 89% (2005)

Liberia
arable land: 3.43%
permanent crops: 1.98%
other: 94.59% (2005)

Libya
arable land: 1.03%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 98.78% (2005)

Liechtenstein
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75% (2005)

Lithuania
arable land: 44.81%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 54.29% (2005)

Luxembourg
arable land: 27.42%
permanent crops: 0.69%
other: 71.89% (includes Belgium) (2005)

Macau
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Macedonia
arable land: 22.01%
permanent crops: 1.79%
other: 76.2% (2005)

Madagascar
arable land: 5.03%
permanent crops: 1.02%
other: 93.95% (2005)

Malawi
arable land: 20.68%
permanent crops: 1.18%
other: 78.14% (2005)

Malaysia
arable land: 5.46%
permanent crops: 17.54%
other: 77% (2005)

Maldives
arable land: 13.33%
permanent crops: 30%
other: 56.67% (2005)

Mali
arable land: 3.76%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 96.21% (2005)

Malta
arable land: 31.25%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 65.62% (2005)

Marshall Islands
arable land: 11.11%
permanent crops: 44.44%
other: 44.45% (2005)

Mauritania
arable land: 0.2%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.79% (2005)

Mauritius
arable land: 49.02%
permanent crops: 2.94%
other: 48.04% (2005)

Mayotte
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%

Mexico
arable land: 12.66%
permanent crops: 1.28%
other: 86.06% (2005)

Micronesia, Federated States of
arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 45.71%
other: 48.58% (2005)

Moldova
arable land: 54.52%
permanent crops: 8.81%
other: 36.67% (2005)

Monaco
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)

Mongolia
arable land: 0.76%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.24% (2005)

Montenegro
arable land: 13.7%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 85.3%

Montserrat
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 80% (2005)

Morocco
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 2%
other: 79% (2005)

Mozambique
arable land: 5.43%
permanent crops: 0.29%
other: 94.28% (2005)

Namibia
arable land: 0.99%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99% (2005)

Nauru
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Navassa Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Nepal
arable land: 16.07%
permanent crops: 0.85%
other: 83.08% (2005)

Netherlands
arable land: 21.96%
permanent crops: 0.77%
other: 77.27% (2005)

Netherlands Antilles
arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 90% (2005)

New Caledonia
arable land: 0.32%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 99.46% (2005)

New Zealand
arable land: 5.54%
permanent crops: 6.92%
other: 87.54% (2005)

Nicaragua
arable land: 14.81%
permanent crops: 1.82%
other: 83.37% (2005)

Niger
arable land: 11.43%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 88.56% (2005)

Nigeria
arable land: 33.02%
permanent crops: 3.14%
other: 63.84% (2005)

Niue
arable land: 11.54%
permanent crops: 15.38%
other: 73.08% (2005)

Norfolk Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Northern Mariana Islands
arable land: 13.04%
permanent crops: 4.35%
other: 82.61% (2005)

Norway
arable land: 2.7%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.3% (2005)

Oman
arable land: 0.12%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 99.74% (2005)

Pakistan
arable land: 24.44%
permanent crops: 0.84%
other: 74.72% (2005)

Palau
arable land: 8.7%
permanent crops: 4.35%
other: 86.95% (2005)

Panama
arable land: 7.26%
permanent crops: 1.95%
other: 90.79% (2005)

Papua New Guinea
arable land: 0.49%
permanent crops: 1.4%
other: 98.11% (2005)

Paracel Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Paraguay
arable land: 7.47%
permanent crops: 0.24%
other: 92.29% (2005)

Peru
arable land: 2.88%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 96.65% (2005)

Philippines
arable land: 19%
permanent crops: 16.67%
other: 64.33% (2005)

Pitcairn Islands
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA

Poland
arable land: 40.25%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 58.75% (2005)

Portugal
arable land: 17.29%
permanent crops: 7.84%
other: 74.87% (2005)

Puerto Rico
arable land: 3.69%
permanent crops: 5.59%
other: 90.72% (2005)

Qatar
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.09% (2005)

Romania
arable land: 39.49%
permanent crops: 1.92%
other: 58.59% (2005)

Russia
arable land: 7.17%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.72% (2005)

Rwanda
arable land: 45.56%
permanent crops: 10.25%
other: 44.19% (2005)

Saint Helena
arable land: 12.9%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 87.1% (2005)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
arable land: 19.44%
permanent crops: 2.78%
other: 77.78% (2005)

Saint Lucia
arable land: 6.45%
permanent crops: 22.58%
other: 70.97% (2005)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
arable land: 12.5%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 87.5% (2005)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
arable land: 17.95%
permanent crops: 17.95%
other: 64.1% (2005)

Samoa
arable land: 21.13%
permanent crops: 24.3%
other: 54.57% (2005)

San Marino
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (2005)

Sao Tome and Principe
arable land: 8.33%
permanent crops: 48.96%
other: 42.71% (2005)

Saudi Arabia
arable land: 1.67%
permanent crops: 0.09%
other: 98.24% (2005)

Senegal
arable land: 12.51%
permanent crops: 0.24%
other: 87.25% (2005)

Serbia
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA
other: NA

Seychelles
arable land: 2.17%
permanent crops: 13.04%
other: 84.79% (2005)

Sierra Leone
arable land: 7.95%
permanent crops: 1.05%
other: 91% (2005)

Singapore
arable land: 1.47%
permanent crops: 1.47%
other: 97.06% (2005)

Slovakia
arable land: 29.23%
permanent crops: 2.67%
other: 68.1% (2005)

Slovenia
arable land: 8.53%
permanent crops: 1.43%
other: 90.04% (2005)

Solomon Islands
arable land: 0.62%
permanent crops: 2.04%
other: 97.34% (2005)

Somalia
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 98.32% (2005)

South Africa
arable land: 12.1%
permanent crops: 0.79%
other: 87.11% (2005)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some
sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)

Spain
arable land: 27.18%
permanent crops: 9.85%
other: 62.97% (2005)

Spratly Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Sri Lanka
arable land: 13.96%
permanent crops: 15.24%
other: 70.8% (2005)

Sudan
arable land: 6.78%
permanent crops: 0.17%
other: 93.05% (2005)

Suriname
arable land: 0.36%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 99.58% (2005)

Svalbard
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)
(2005)

Swaziland
arable land: 10.25%
permanent crops: 0.81%
other: 88.94% (2005)

Sweden
arable land: 5.93%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 94.06% (2005)

Switzerland
arable land: 9.91%
permanent crops: 0.58%
other: 89.51% (2005)

Syria
arable land: 24.8%
permanent crops: 4.47%
other: 70.73% (2005)

Taiwan
arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 75% (2001)

Tajikistan
arable land: 6.52%
permanent crops: 0.89%
other: 92.59% (2005)

Tanzania
arable land: 4.23%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 94.61% (2005)

Thailand
arable land: 27.54%
permanent crops: 6.93%
other: 65.53% (2005)

Timor-Leste
arable land: 8.2%
permanent crops: 4.57%
other: 87.23% (2005)

Togo
arable land: 44.2%
permanent crops: 2.11%
other: 53.69% (2005)

Tokelau
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Tonga
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 14.67%
other: 65.33% (2005)

Trinidad and Tobago
arable land: 14.62%
permanent crops: 9.16%
other: 76.22% (2005)

Tunisia
arable land: 17.05%
permanent crops: 13.08%
other: 69.87% (2005)

Turkey
arable land: 29.81%
permanent crops: 3.39%
other: 66.8% (2005)

Turkmenistan
arable land: 4.51%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 95.35% (2005)

Turks and Caicos Islands
arable land: 2.33%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.67% (2005)

Tuvalu
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 66.67%
other: 33.33% (2005)

Uganda
arable land: 21.57%
permanent crops: 8.92%
other: 69.51% (2005)

Ukraine
arable land: 53.8%
permanent crops: 1.5%
other: 44.7% (2005)

United Arab Emirates
arable land: 0.77%
permanent crops: 2.27%
other: 96.96% (2005)

United Kingdom
arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)

United States
arable land: 18.01%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 81.78% (2005)

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2008)

Uruguay
arable land: 7.77%
permanent crops: 0.24%
other: 91.99% (2005)

Uzbekistan
arable land: 10.51%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 88.73% (2005)

Vanuatu
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 6.97%
other: 91.39% (2005)

Venezuela
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.88%
other: 96.27% (2005)

Vietnam
arable land: 20.14%
permanent crops: 6.93%
other: 72.93% (2005)

Virgin Islands
arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 2.86%
other: 91.43% (2005)

Wake Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)

Wallis and Futuna
arable land: 7.14%
permanent crops: 35.71%
other: 57.15% (2005)

West Bank
arable land: 16.9%
permanent crops: 18.97%
other: 64.13% (2001)

Western Sahara
arable land: 0.02%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.98% (2005)

World
arable land: 10.57%
permanent crops: 1.04%
other: 88.38% (2005)

Yemen
arable land: 2.91%
permanent crops: 0.25%
other: 96.84% (2005)

Zambia
arable land: 6.99%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 92.97% (2005)

Zimbabwe
arable land: 8.24%
permanent crops: 0.33%
other: 91.43% (2005)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2098 Languages (%)

Afghanistan
Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official)
35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor
languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Akrotiri
English, Greek

Albania
Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek,
Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects

Algeria
Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

American Samoa
Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other
Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific
islander 2.1%, other 2%
note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)

Andorra
Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Angola
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Anguilla
English (official)

Antigua and Barbuda
English (official), local dialects

Argentina
Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French

Armenia
Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001
census)

Aruba
Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 66.3%,
Spanish 12.6%, English (widely spoken) 7.7%, Dutch (official) 5.8%,
other 2.2%, unspecified or unknown 5.3% (2000 census)

Australia
English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%,
unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)

Austria
German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian
2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes
Slovene, official in Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in
Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census)

Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani (Azeri) 90.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%,
Armenian 1.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified 1% (1999 census)

Bahamas, The
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh
Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Barbados
English

Belarus
Belarusian, Russian, other

Belgium
Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German
(official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

Belize
Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, Mayan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9%
(official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown
0.2% (2000 census)

Benin
French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in
south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

Bermuda
English (official), Portuguese

Bhutan
Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects,
Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Bolivia
Spanish 60.7% (official), Quechua 21.2% (official), Aymara
14.6% (official), foreign languages 2.4%, other 1.2% (2001 census)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian

Botswana
Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English
2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)

Brazil
Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note -
less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools),
German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor
Amerindian languages

British Virgin Islands
English (official)

Brunei
Malay (official), English, Chinese

Bulgaria
Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and
unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

Burkina Faso
French (official), native African languages belonging
to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Burma
Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Burundi
Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake
Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Cambodia
Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Cameroon
24 major African language groups, English (official),
French (official)

Canada
English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%

Cape Verde
Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West
African words)

Cayman Islands
English 95%, Spanish 3.2%, other 1.8% (1999 census)

Central African Republic
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca
and national language), tribal languages

Chad
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more
than 120 different languages and dialects

Chile
Spanish (official), Mapudungun, German, English

China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing
dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou),
Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority
languages (see Ethnic groups entry)

Christmas Island
English (official), Chinese, Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Malay (Cocos dialect), English

Colombia
Spanish

Comoros
Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of
Swahili and Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
French (official), Lingala (a
lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or
Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Congo, Republic of the
French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba
(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

Cook Islands
English (official), Maori

Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English

Cote d'Ivoire
French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the
most widely spoken

Croatia
Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9%
(including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001
census)

Cuba
Spanish

Cyprus
Greek, Turkish, English

Czech Republic
Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8%
(2001 census)

Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language

Dhekelia
English, Greek

Djibouti
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

Dominica
English (official), French patois

Dominican Republic
Spanish

Ecuador
Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

Egypt
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by
educated classes

El Salvador
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Equatorial Guinea
Spanish 67.6% (official), other 32.4% (includes
French (official), Fang, Bubi) (1994 census)

Eritrea
Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic
languages

Estonia
Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%,
unknown 0.7% (2000 census)

Ethiopia
Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna
6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%,
English (major foreign language taught in schools) (1994 census)

European Union
Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian,
Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian,
Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene,
Spanish, Swedish
note: only official languages are listed; German, the major language
of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, is the most widely spoken
mother tongue - over 19% of the EU population; English is the most
widely spoken language - about 49% of the EU population is
conversant with it (2007)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English

Faroe Islands
Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

Fiji
English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani

Finland
Finnish 91.5% (official), Swedish 5.5% (official), other 3%
(small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2006)

France
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and
languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque,
Flemish)
overseas departments: French, Creole patois

French Polynesia
French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4%
(official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002
census)

Gabon
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi

Gambia, The
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other
indigenous vernaculars

Gaza Strip
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English
(widely understood)

Georgia
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,
other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia

Germany
German

Ghana
Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%,
Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga
3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000
census)

Gibraltar
English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese

Greece
Greek 99% (official), other 1% (includes English and French)

Greenland
Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Grenada
English (official), French patois

Guam
English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%,
other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other
languages 3.5% (2000 census)

Guatemala
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially
recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel,
Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)

Guernsey
English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country
districts

Guinea
French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own
language

Guinea-Bissau
Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

Guyana
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a
dialect of Hindi), Urdu

Haiti
French (official), Creole (official)

Holy See (Vatican City)
Italian, Latin, French, various other
languages

Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Hong Kong
Chinese (Cantonese) 89.2% (official), other Chinese
dialects 6.4%, English 3.2% (official), other 1.2% (2001 census)

Hungary
Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)

Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

India
Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%,
Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%,
Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%
note: English enjoys associate status but is the most important
language for national, political, and commercial communication;
Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 41% of the
people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu,
Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi,
Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular
variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is
not an official language (2001 census)

Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese)

Iran
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects
26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a
Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian

Ireland
English (official) is the language generally used, Irish
(Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official) spoken mainly in areas located along
the western seaboard

Isle of Man
English, Manx Gaelic

Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,
English most commonly used foreign language

Italy
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige
region are predominantly German speaking), French (small
French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene
(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Jamaica
English, English patois

Japan
Japanese

Jersey
English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001
census)

Jordan
Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and
middle classes

Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official,
used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic
communication") 95% (2001 est.)

Kenya
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous
languages

Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English (official)

Korea, North
Korean

Korea, South
Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high
school

Kosovo
Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Bosnian, Turkish,
Roma

Kuwait
Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz 64.7% (official), Uzbek 13.6%, Russian 12.5%
(official), Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)

Laos
Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages

Latvia
Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other
4.3% (2000 census)

Lebanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

Liberia
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of
which a few can be written and are used in correspondence

Libya
Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the
major cities

Liechtenstein
German (official), Alemannic dialect

Lithuania
Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other
and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)

Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative
language), French (administrative language)

Macau
Cantonese 85.7%, Hokkien 4%, Mandarin 3.2%, other Chinese
dialects 2.7%, English 1.5%, Tagalog 1.3%, other 1.6% (2001 census)

Macedonia
Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%,
Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)

Madagascar
English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official)

Malawi
Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%,
Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other
3.6% (1998 census)

Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese,
Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu,
Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most
widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan

Maldives
Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from
Arabic), English spoken by most government officials

Mali
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Malta
Maltese (official) 90.2%, English (official) 6%, multilingual
3%, other 0.8% (2005 census)

Marshall Islands
Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8%
(1999 census)
note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language

Mauritania
Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof
(all national languages), French, Hassaniya

Mauritius
Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English
(official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%,
unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)

Mayotte
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)
spoken by 35% of the population

Mexico
Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%,
indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%; note - indigenous languages
include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2005)

Micronesia, Federated States of
English (official and common
language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian,
Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi

Moldova
Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian
language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

Monaco
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Mongolia
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Montenegro
Serbian 63.6%, Montenegrin (official) 22%, Bosnian 5.5%,
Albanian 5.3%, unspecified 3.7% (2003 census)

Montserrat
English

Morocco
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy

Mozambique
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8%
(official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe
7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%,
other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)

Namibia
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of
the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,
indigenous languages 1% (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama)

Nauru
Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language),
English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes

Nepal
Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu
(Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi
2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)
note: many in government and business also speak English (2001 est.)

Netherlands
Dutch (official), Frisian (official)

Netherlands Antilles
Papiamento 65.4% (a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely
spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other
1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

New Caledonia
French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

New Zealand
English (official), Maori (official), Sign Language
(official)

Nicaragua
Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995
census)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast

Niger
French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Nigeria
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Niue
Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and
Samoan; English

Norfolk Island
English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th
century English and ancient Tahitian

Northern Mariana Islands
Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%,
Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%,
other 9.6% (2000 census)

Norway
Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official),
small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official
in six municipalities

Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Pakistan
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski and other 8%

Palau
Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral
(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official),
Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%,
Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)

Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians
bilingual

Papua New Guinea
Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca,
English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region
note: 820 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of the world's
total)

Paraguay
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

Peru
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large
number of minor Amazonian languages

Philippines
Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English
(official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano,
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

Pitcairn Islands
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th
century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)

Poland
Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

Portugal
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally
used)

Puerto Rico
Spanish, English

Qatar
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language

Romania
Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy)
1.1%, other 1.2%

Russia
Russian, many minority languages

Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French
(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centers

Saint Barthelemy
French (primary), English

Saint Helena
English

Saint Kitts and Nevis
English

Saint Lucia
English (official), French patois

Saint Martin
French (official language), English, Dutch, French
Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
French (official)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
English, French patois

Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian), English

San Marino
Italian

Sao Tome and Principe
Portuguese (official)

Saudi Arabia
Arabic

Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Serbia
Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%,
Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)
note: Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian all
official in Vojvodina

Seychelles
Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%,
unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)

Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to literate
minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%
of the population but understood by 95%)

Singapore
Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%,
Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects
1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)

Slovakia
Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%,
Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)

Slovenia
Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified
4.4% (2002 census)

Solomon Islands
Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
franca; English (official; but spoken by only 1%-2% of the
population); 120 indigenous languages

Somalia
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

South Africa
IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi
9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%,
other 7.2% (2001 census)

Spain
Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%,
Basque 2%, are official regionally

Sri Lanka
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil
(national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken
competently by about 10% of the population

Sudan
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie,
diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages
note: program of "Arabization" in process

Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo
(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of
Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca
among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

Svalbard
Norwegian, Russian

Swaziland
English (official, government business conducted in
English), siSwati (official)

Sweden
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Switzerland
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%,
Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%,
Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%,
other 2.8% (2000 census)
note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and
official languages

Syria
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
widely understood; French, English somewhat understood

Taiwan
Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

Tajikistan
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and
business

Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili
in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce,
administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in
Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili
is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua
franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most
people is one of the local languages

Thailand
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and
regional dialects

Timor-Leste
Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian,
English
note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole,
Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people

Togo
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina
(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the
north)

Tokelau
Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

Tonga
Tongan, English

Trinidad and Tobago
English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a
dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese

Tunisia
Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)

Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian
note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the European
part of Turkey

Turkmenistan
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Turks and Caicos Islands
English (official)

Tuvalu
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)

Uganda
English (official national language, taught in grade schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Ukraine
Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other 9% (includes
small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)

United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

United Kingdom
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of
Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

United States
English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European
3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
note: Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii

Uruguay
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on
the Brazilian frontier)

Uzbekistan
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Vanuatu
local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as
Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%,
unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)

Venezuela
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Vietnam
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a
second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

Virgin Islands
English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%,
French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)

Wallis and Futuna
Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language),
Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)

West Bank
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Western Sahara
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

World
Mandarin Chinese 13.22%, Spanish 4.88%, English 4.68%, Arabic
3.12%, Hindi 2.74%, Portuguese 2.69%, Bengali 2.59%, Russian 2.2%,
Japanese 1.85%, Standard German 1.44%, French 1.2% (2005 est.)
note: percents are for "first language" speakers only

Yemen
Arabic

Zambia
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi,
Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages

Zimbabwe
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the
Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal
dialects

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2100 Legal system

Afghanistan
based on mixed civil and Sharia law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Akrotiri
the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court
system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to
the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws
of the Republic of Cyprus

Albania
has a civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction; has accepted jurisdiction of the International
Criminal Court for its citizens

Algeria
socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review
of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of
various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

American Samoa
NA

Andorra
based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review
of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Angola
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law;
modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of
free markets; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Anguilla
based on English common law

Antarctica
Antarctica is administered through meetings of the
consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are
carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own
nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national
laws; US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US
nationals, such as murder, may apply extraterritorially; some US
laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic
Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and
criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized
by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the
introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into
specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants;
and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica;
violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up
to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science
Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement
responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation
Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to
Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805,
Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans
to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more
information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs,
National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone:
(703) 292-8030, or visit their website at www.nsf.gov; more
generally, access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas
between 60 and 90 degrees south latitude, is subject to a number of
relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by
the states party to the Antarctic Treaty

Antigua and Barbuda
based on English common law

Argentina
mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Armenia
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Aruba
based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law
influence

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
the laws of the Commonwealth of
Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where
applicable, apply

Australia
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Austria
civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of
legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate
administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Azerbaijan
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Bahamas, The
based on English common law

Bahrain
based on Islamic law and English common law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bangladesh
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Barbados
English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Belarus
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Belgium
based on civil law system influenced by English
constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Belize
English law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Benin
based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bermuda
English law

Bhutan
based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bolivia
based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bosnia and Herzegovina
based on civil law system; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Botswana
based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial
review limited to matters of interpretation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Bouvet Island
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Brazil
based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

British Indian Ocean Territory
the laws of the UK, where applicable,
apply

British Virgin Islands
English law

Brunei
based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Sharia law
supersedes civil law in a number of areas; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bulgaria
civil and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Burkina Faso
based on French civil law system and customary law; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Burma
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Burundi
based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cambodia
primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes
from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences
of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing
influence of common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with
reservations

Cameroon
based on French civil law system, with common law
influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Canada
based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil
law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Cape Verde
based on the legal system of Portugal; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cayman Islands
British common law and local statutes

Central African Republic
based on French law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Chad
based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Chile
based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent
codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction; note - in June 2005, Chile completed overhaul of
its criminal justice system to a new, US-style adversarial system

China
based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental
civil code legal principles; legislature retains power to interpret
statutes; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislation;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Christmas Island
under the authority of the governor general of
Australia and Australian law

Clipperton Island
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
based upon the laws of Australia and local
laws

Colombia
based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US
procedures was enacted into law in 2004 and reached full
implemention in January 2008; judicial review of executive and
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Comoros
French and Islamic law in a new consolidated code; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
a new constitution was adopted by
referendum 18 December 2005; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations

Congo, Republic of the
based on French civil law system and
customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cook Islands
based on New Zealand law and English common law

Coral Sea Islands
the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

Costa Rica
based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Cote d'Ivoire
based on French civil law system and customary law;
judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Croatia
based on Austro-Hungarian law system with Communist law
influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cuba
based on Spanish civil law and influenced by American legal
concepts, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cyprus
based on English common law, with civil law modifications;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Czech Republic
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to
bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal
theory

Denmark
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Dhekelia
the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court
system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to
the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws
of the Republic of Cyprus

Djibouti
based on French civil law system, traditional practices,
and Islamic law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Dominica
based on English common law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction

Dominican Republic
based on French civil codes; Criminal Procedures
Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory
system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Ecuador
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Egypt
based on Islamic and civil law (particularly Napoleonic
codes); judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State
(oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

El Salvador
based on civil and Roman law with traces of common law;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Equatorial Guinea
partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal
custom; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Eritrea
primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with
revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been
promulgated; government also issues unilateral proclamations setting
laws and policies; also relies on customary and
post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving
Muslims, Islamic law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Estonia
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction with reservations

Ethiopia
based on civil law; currently transitional mix of national
and regional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

European Union
comparable to the legal systems of member states;
first supranational law system

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English common law

Faroe Islands
the laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply

Fiji
based on British system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction