Chapter CII: Part 102

Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation

Saudi Arabia
death penalty for traffickers; improving
anti-money-laundering legislation and enforcement

Senegal
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin
and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;
illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money
laundering

Singapore
drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement
efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for
money laundering

Slovakia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market;
consumer of ecstasy

Slovenia
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine,
as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine
and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for
illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through
various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own
synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money
launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and
narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African
economy

Spain
despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin
American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of
Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and
hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin
American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering
site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized
crime

Suriname
growing transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for Europe via the Netherlands and Brazil; transshipment
point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland
a major international financial center vulnerable to the
layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite
significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules
persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through
offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and
Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and
limited ecstasy production

Syria
a transit point for opiates, hashish, and cocaine bound for
regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls
and bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money laundering

Taiwan
regional transit point for heroin, methamphetamine, and
precursor chemicals; transshipment point for drugs to Japan; major
problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;
rising problems with use of ketamine and club drugs

Tajikistan
major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for
Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited
illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;
Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia
and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw
opium); significant consumer of opiates

Tanzania
growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit
point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer
of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government
crackdowns

Timor-Leste
NA

Togo
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money
laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey
and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas
of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw
concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

Turkmenistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor
chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the
West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment
point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin
America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and
Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering
regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates
the UAE is a drug transshipment point for
traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing
countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it
vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving, but informal banking remains unregulated

United Kingdom
producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and
synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;
money-laundering center

United States
world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from
Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and
Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican
methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian
heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants,
stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering
center

Uruguay
small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for
Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement
corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws;
weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption
of cocaine base and synthetic drugs

Uzbekistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for
domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by
government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin
precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the
processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country
from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related
money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia
and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily
targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by
Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam
minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point
for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding
crackdowns

World
cocaine: worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2007 amounted to
232,500 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of
the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure
cocaine production decreased 7% to 865 metric tons in 2007; Colombia
conducts aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and
Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing
areas; 551 metric tons of export-quality cocaine (85% pure) is
documented to have been seized or destroyed in 2005; US consumption
of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been in excess of 380
metric tons
opiates: worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation continued to
increase in 2007, with a potential opium production of 8,400 metric
tons, reaching the highest levels recorded since estimates began in
mid-1980s; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting
for 95% of the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 9% of
global opium - saw marginal increases in production; Latin America
produced 1% of global opium, but most was refined into heroin
destined for the US market; if all potential opium was processed
into pure heroin, the potential global production would be 1,000
metric tons of heroin in 2007

Zambia
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and
possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled
with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it
an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of
cannabis

Zimbabwe
transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax,
and methamphetamines en route to South Africa

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2087 Imports

Afghanistan
$3.823 billion (2006)

Albania
$3.999 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Algeria
$26.25 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

American Samoa
$308.8 million (FY04 est.)

Andorra
$1.879 billion (2005)

Angola
$12.29 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Anguilla
$143 million (2006)

Antigua and Barbuda
$522.8 million (2007 est.)

Argentina
$42.53 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Armenia
$2.807 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Aruba
$1.054 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Australia
$160 billion (2007 est.)

Austria
$160.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan
$6.045 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The
$2.401 billion (2006)

Bahrain
$10.93 billion (2007 est.)

Bangladesh
$16.67 billion (2007 est.)

Barbados
$1.586 billion (2006)

Belarus
$28.32 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Belgium
$323.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Belize
$642 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Benin
$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bermuda
$1.162 billion (2006)

Bhutan
$320 million c.i.f. (2006)

Bolivia
$3.249 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$9.947 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Botswana
$3.403 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Brazil
$120.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands
$187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei
$2 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Bulgaria
$28.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso
$1.296 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Burma
$2.942 billion f.o.b.
note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of
consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from
Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2007 est.)

Burundi
$272 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cambodia
$5.424 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cameroon
$3.714 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Canada
$386.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cape Verde
$743.6 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands
$866.9 million (2004)

Central African Republic
$237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Chad
$1.158 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Chile
$43.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

China
$904.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Christmas Island
$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA

Colombia
$31.17 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Comoros
$143 million f.o.b. (2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$2.263 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Congo, Republic of the
$2.634 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cook Islands
$81.04 million (2005)

Costa Rica
$12.26 billion (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
$5.932 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Croatia
$25.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cuba
$10.08 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Cyprus
$7.84 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Czech Republic
$116.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Denmark
$102 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Djibouti
$1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Dominica
$296 million f.o.b. (2006)

Dominican Republic
$13.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ecuador
$12.76 billion (2007 est.)

Egypt
$44.95 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

El Salvador
$8.108 billion (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
$3.083 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Eritrea
$573 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Estonia
$14.75 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ethiopia
$5.165 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

European Union
$1.466 trillion; note - external imports, excluding
intra-EU trade (2005)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$90 million (2004 est.)

Faroe Islands
$751 million c.i.f. (2006)

Fiji
$3.12 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Finland
$78.05 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

France
$600.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

French Polynesia
$1.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gabon
$2.107 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gambia, The
$271 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip
$2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005)

Georgia
$4.977 billion (2007 est.)

Germany
$1.075 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ghana
$8.053 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Gibraltar
$2.967 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Greece
$80.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Greenland
$712 million c.i.f. (2006)

Grenada
$343 million (2006)

Guam
$701 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guatemala
$12.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Guernsey
$NA

Guinea
$1.202 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
$200 million f.o.b. (2006)

Guyana
$1.006 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Haiti
$1.734 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Honduras
$8.556 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Hong Kong
$365.6 billion (2007 est.)

Hungary
$86.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iceland
$6.181 billion (2007 est.)

India
$230.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Indonesia
$84.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iran
$53.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Iraq
$25.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ireland
$84.76 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Isle of Man
$NA

Israel
$55.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Italy
$498.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Jamaica
$5.784 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Japan
$573.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Jersey
$NA

Jordan
$12.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan
$33.21 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kenya
$8.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kiribati
$62 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Korea, North
$2.879 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Korea, South
$349.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kosovo
$NA

Kuwait
$20.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
$2.636 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Laos
$1.378 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Latvia
$14.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Lebanon
$11.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Lesotho
$1.536 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Liberia
$7.143 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Libya
$14.43 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein
$917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania
$22.8 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Luxembourg
$23.13 billion c.i.f. (2007 est.)

Macau
$4.559 billion c.i.f. (2006)

Macedonia
$4.977 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Madagascar
$1.918 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Malawi
$866 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Malaysia
$139.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Maldives
$930 million f.o.b. (2006)

Mali
$2.358 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Malta
$4.541 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands
$54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)

Mauritania
$1.475 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Mauritius
$3.656 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Mayotte
$341 million f.o.b.; note - excludes petroleum imports (2005)

Mexico
$281.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
$132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)

Moldova
$3.677 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Monaco
$916.1 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France (2005)

Mongolia
$2.117 billion c.i.f. (2007)

Montenegro
$601.7 million (2003)

Montserrat
$17 million (2001)

Morocco
$28.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Mozambique
$2.811 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Namibia
$3.091 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Nauru
$20 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Nepal
$2.398 billion f.o.b. (2006)

Netherlands
$406.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
$15.74 billion f.o.b. (2006)

New Caledonia
$1.998 billion f.o.b. (2006)

New Zealand
$29.06 billion (2007 est.)

Nicaragua
$4.078 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Niger
$800 million f.o.b. (2006)

Nigeria
$38.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Niue
$9.038 million (2004)

Norfolk Island
$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands
$214.4 million (2001)

Norway
$77.24 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Oman
$11 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Pakistan
$28.76 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Palau
$107.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Panama
$12.62 billion f.o.b.
note: includes the Colon Free Zone (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea
$2.629 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Paraguay
$6.094 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Peru
$19.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Philippines
$57.56 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
$NA

Poland
$160.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Portugal
$75.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico
$29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar
$19.86 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Romania
$64.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Russia
$223.4 billion (2007 est.)

Rwanda
$637 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Saint Helena
$45 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
$383 million (2006)

Saint Lucia
$791 million (2006)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$68.2 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$578 million (2006)

Samoa
$324 million f.o.b. (2006)

San Marino
$2.035 billion (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe
$66 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia
$82.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Senegal
$3.731 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Serbia
$18.35 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles
$823 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone
$560 million f.o.b. (2006)

Singapore
$252 billion (2007 est.)

Slovakia
$58.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Slovenia
$29.39 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands
$256 million f.o.b. (2006)

Somalia
$798 million f.o.b. (2006)

South Africa
$81.89 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Spain
$380.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka
$10.36 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Sudan
$7.722 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Suriname
$1.297 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Svalbard
$NA

Swaziland
$1.914 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Sweden
$151.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Switzerland
$187.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Syria
$10.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Taiwan
$215.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Tajikistan
$2.762 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Tanzania
$4.861 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Thailand
$125.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste
$202 million (2004 est.)

Togo
$1.201 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Tokelau
$969,200 c.i.f. (2002)

Tonga
$139 million f.o.b. (2006)

Trinidad and Tobago
$7.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Tunisia
$18.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Turkey
$162 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan
$4.516 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
$175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu
$12.91 million c.i.f. (2005)

Uganda
$2.983 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Ukraine
$60.41 billion (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates
$116.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

United Kingdom
$621.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

United States
$1.968 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Uruguay
$5.554 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan
$4.48 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Vanuatu
$156 million c.i.f. (2006)

Venezuela
$45.46 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Vietnam
$58.92 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands
$4.609 billion (2001)

Wallis and Futuna
$61.17 million f.o.b. (2004)

West Bank
$2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes Gaza Strip) (2005)

Western Sahara
$NA

World
$13.74 trillion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Yemen
$6.735 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Zambia
$3.611 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe
$2.183 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2088 Independence

Afghanistan
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)

Albania
28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Algeria
5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa
none (territory of the US)

Andorra
1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count
of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)

Angola
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina
9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria
976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156
(Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire
proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Azerbaijan
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain
15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados
30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium
4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared
independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I
ascended to the throne)

Belize
21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin
1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan
1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary
king)

Bolivia
6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for
independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March
1992)

Botswana
30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei
1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the
Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the
Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso
5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma
4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)

Cambodia
9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada
1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11
December 1931 (recognized by UK)

Cape Verde
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic
13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad
11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile
18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January
1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949
(People's Republic established)

Christmas Island
none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none (territory of Australia)

Colombia
20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros
6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the
15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire
7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba
20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the
US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a
day of independence

Cyprus
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these
proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica
3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

Ecuador
24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt
28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea
12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia
20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union
7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed
establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered
into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji
10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland
6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France
486 (Frankish tribes unified); 843 (Western Francia
established from the division of the Carolingian Empire)

French Polynesia
none (overseas lands of France)

Gabon
17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The
18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991

Ghana
6 March 1957 (from UK)

Gibraltar
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Greece
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Greenland
none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of
Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but
Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating
to Greenland)

Grenada
7 February 1974 (from UK)

Guam
none (territory of the US)

Guatemala
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Guernsey
none (British crown dependency)

Guinea
2 October 1958 (from France)

Guinea-Bissau
24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from
Portugal)

Guyana
26 May 1966 (from UK)

Haiti
1 January 1804 (from France)

Holy See (Vatican City)
11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the
three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged,
among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and
established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal
States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may
be traced back to the 8th century

Honduras
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Hong Kong
none (special administrative region of China)

Hungary
25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional
founding date)

Iceland
1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish
Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)

India
15 August 1947 (from UK)

Indonesia
17 August 1945 (declared)
note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August
2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian
independence on 17 August 1945

Iran
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

Iraq
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional
Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi-controlled Government

Ireland
6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)

Isle of Man
none (British crown dependency)

Israel
14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)

Italy
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not
finally unified until 1870)

Jamaica
6 August 1962 (from UK)

Japan
660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)

Jersey
none (British crown dependency)

Jordan
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)

Kazakhstan
16 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Kenya
12 December 1963 (from UK)

Kiribati
12 July 1979 (from UK)

Korea, North
15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Korea, South
15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Kosovo
17 February 2008 (from Serbia)

Kuwait
19 June 1961 (from UK)

Kyrgyzstan
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Laos
19 July 1949 (from France)

Latvia
18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia)

Lebanon
22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under
French administration)

Lesotho
4 October 1966 (from UK)

Liberia
26 July 1847

Libya
24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

Liechtenstein
23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein
established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)

Lithuania
11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by
Soviet Union)

Luxembourg
1839 (from the Netherlands)

Macau
none (special administrative region of China)

Macedonia
8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed
independence from Yugoslavia)

Madagascar
26 June 1960 (from France)

Malawi
6 July 1964 (from UK)

Malaysia
31 August 1957 (from UK)

Maldives
26 July 1965 (from UK)

Mali
22 September 1960 (from France)

Malta
21 September 1964 (from UK)

Marshall Islands
21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN
trusteeship)

Mauritania
28 November 1960 (from France)

Mauritius
12 March 1968 (from UK)

Mayotte
none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)

Mexico
16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized
by Spain)

Micronesia, Federated States of
3 November 1986 (from the
US-administered UN trusteeship)

Moldova
27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Monaco
1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)

Mongolia
11 July 1921 (from China)

Montenegro
3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)

Montserrat
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Morocco
2 March 1956 (from France)

Mozambique
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Namibia
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Nauru
31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered
UN trusteeship)

Nepal
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)

Netherlands
23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low
Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26
July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of
Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace
of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)

Netherlands Antilles
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

New Caledonia
none (overseas territory of France); note - a
referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new
referendum is scheduled for 2014

New Zealand
26 September 1907 (from UK)

Nicaragua
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Niger
3 August 1960 (from France)

Nigeria
1 October 1960 (from UK)

Niue
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary
government in free association with New Zealand

Norfolk Island
none (territory of Australia)

Northern Mariana Islands
none (commonwealth in political union with
the US)

Norway
7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden
dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the
union)

Oman
1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Pakistan
14 August 1947 (from British India)

Palau
1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Panama
3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain
28 November 1821)

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered
UN trusteeship)

Paraguay
14 May 1811 (from Spain)

Peru
28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Philippines
12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4
July 1946 (from the US)

Pitcairn Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Poland
11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Portugal
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910
(republic proclaimed)

Puerto Rico
none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Qatar
3 September 1971 (from UK)

Romania
9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire;
independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26
March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic
proclaimed)

Russia
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Rwanda
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Saint Barthelemy
none (overseas collectivity of France)

Saint Helena
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983 (from UK)

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979 (from UK)

Saint Martin
none (overseas collectivity of France)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
none (territorial collectivity of France;
has been under French control since 1763)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979 (from UK)

Samoa
1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

San Marino
3 September AD 301

Sao Tome and Principe
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Saudi Arabia
23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Senegal
4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Serbia
5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)

Seychelles
29 June 1976 (from UK)

Sierra Leone
27 April 1961 (from UK)

Singapore
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Slovakia
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Slovenia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978 (from UK)

Somalia
1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which
became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian
Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered
UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)

South Africa
31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four
British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free
State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared) 27 April 1994 (majority rule)

Spain
the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of
independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in
the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the
small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost
immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this
event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is
traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Sri Lanka
4 February 1948 (from UK)

Sudan
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)

Suriname
25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)

Svalbard
none (territory of Norway)

Swaziland
6 September 1968 (from UK)

Sweden
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)

Switzerland
1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Syria
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French
administration)

Tajikistan
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tanzania
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became
independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Thailand
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Timor-Leste
28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from
Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international
recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia

Togo
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Tokelau
none (territory of New Zealand)

Tonga
4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)

Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962 (from UK)

Tunisia
20 March 1956 (from France)

Turkey
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

Turkmenistan
27 October 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Turks and Caicos Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Tuvalu
1 October 1978 (from UK)

Uganda
9 October 1962 (from UK)

Ukraine
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (from UK)

United Kingdom
England has existed as a unified entity since the
10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284
with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an
Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland
agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union
of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the
adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of
Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United
Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in
1927

United States
4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)

Uruguay
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Uzbekistan
1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Vanuatu
30 July 1980 (from France and UK)

Venezuela
5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Vietnam
2 September 1945 (from France)

Virgin Islands
none (territory of the US)

Wallis and Futuna
none (overseas territory of France)

Yemen
22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger
of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the
Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen
(Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became
independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a
republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South
Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Zambia
24 October 1964 (from UK)

Zimbabwe
18 April 1980 (from UK)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)

Afghanistan
NA%

Albania
4% (2007 est.)

Algeria
5% (2007 est.)

American Samoa
NA%

Andorra
NA%

Angola
23.9% (2007 est.)

Anguilla
3.1% (1997 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
NA%

Argentina
7.5% (2007 est.)

Armenia
3.2% (2007 est.)

Aruba
NA%

Australia
4.1% (2007 est.)

Austria
5.7% (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan
25% (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The
NA%

Bahrain
5.2% (2007 est.)

Bangladesh
8.4% (2007 est.)

Barbados
-3.2% (2000 est.)

Belarus
5% (2007 est.)

Belgium
2.8% (2007 est.)

Belize
0.5% (2007 est.)

Benin
4.5% (2007 est.)

Bermuda
NA%

Bhutan
9.3% (1996 est.)

Bolivia
1.1% (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
6.7% (2007 est.)

Botswana
4.2% (2007 est.)

Brazil
4.9% (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands
NA%

Brunei
1.8% (2005 est.)

Bulgaria
14% (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso
5.2% (2007 est.)

Burma
9% (2007 est.)

Burundi
6.4% (2007 est.)

Cambodia
15% (2007 est.)

Cameroon
3.5% (2007 est.)

Canada
0.3% (2007 est.)

Cape Verde
7.5% (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands
NA%

Central African Republic
3% (2002)

Chad
2% (2007 est.)

Chile
11.1% (2007 est.)

China
13.4% (2007 est.)

Colombia
9.8% (2007 est.)

Comoros
-2% (1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%

Congo, Republic of the
-12% (2007 est.)

Cook Islands
1% (2002)

Costa Rica
7.3% (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
-1.8% (2007 est.)

Croatia
5.3% (2007 est.)

Cuba
2.5% (2007 est.)

Cyprus
3.8% (2007 est.)

Czech Republic
9.8% (2007 est.)

Denmark
0.5% (2007 est.)

Djibouti
3% (1996 est.)

Dominica
-10% (1997 est.)

Dominican Republic
2.4% (2007 est.)

Ecuador
1.4% (2007 est.)

Egypt
7.5% (2007 est.)

El Salvador
3.4% (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
10.1% (2007 est.)

Eritrea
2% (2007 est.)

Estonia
7.7% (2007 est.)

Ethiopia
11% (2007 est.)

European Union
3.2% (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA%

Faroe Islands
8% (1999 est.)

Fiji
NA%

Finland
8.1% (2007 est.)

France
1.8% (2007 est.)

French Polynesia
NA%

Gabon
5.2% (2007 est.)

Gambia, The
-2.3% (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip
2.4% (includes West Bank) (2005)

Georgia
13.4% (2007 est.)

Germany
5.2% (2007 est.)

Ghana
7.8% (2007 est.)

Gibraltar
NA%

Greece
2.2% (2007 est.)

Greenland
NA%

Grenada
0.7% (1997 est.)

Guam
NA%

Guatemala
4.8% (2007 est.)

Guernsey
NA%

Guinea
7.6% (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
4.7% (2003 est.)

Guyana
-26.4% (2007 est.)

Haiti
2.5% (2007 est.)

Honduras
4.4% (2007 est.)

Hong Kong
-0.8% (2007 est.)

Hungary
3.5% (2007 est.)

Iceland
9% (2007 est.)

India
8.5% (2007 est.)

Indonesia
4.7% (2007 est.)

Iran
4.8% excluding oil (2007 est.)

Iraq
7.9% (2007 est.)

Ireland
5% (2007 est.)

Isle of Man
3.2% (FY96/97)

Israel
4.1% (2007 est.)

Italy
0.6% (2007 est.)

Jamaica
1.2% (2007 est.)

Japan
1.3% (2007 est.)

Jersey
NA%

Jordan
7.7% (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.2% (2007 est.)

Kenya
6.8% (2007 est.)

Kiribati
0.7% (1991 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
5.5% (2007 est.)

Kuwait
1.7% (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
9.3% (2007 est.)

Laos
12% (2007 est.)

Latvia
5.4% (2007 est.)

Lebanon
NA%

Lesotho
12% (2007 est.)

Liberia
NA%

Libya
5.6% (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein
NA%

Lithuania
7.4% (2007 est.)

Luxembourg
1.7% (2007 est.)

Macau
3.8% (3rd quarter, 2007)

Macedonia
1.7% (2007 est.)

Madagascar
6% (2007 est.)

Malawi
4.4% (2007 est.)

Malaysia
3.3% (2007 est.)

Maldives
-0.9% (2004 est.)

Mali
NA%

Malta
NA%

Marshall Islands
NA%

Mauritania
2% (2000 est.)

Mauritius
4.7% (2007 est.)

Mayotte
NA%

Mexico
1.4% (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
NA%

Moldova
1% (2007 est.)

Monaco
NA%

Mongolia
3% (2006 est.)

Montserrat
NA%

Morocco
5% (2007 est.)

Mozambique
10% (2007 est.)

Namibia
9% (2007 est.)

Nauru
NA%

Nepal
2.2% (FY05/06)

Netherlands
3.1% (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
NA%

New Caledonia
-0.6% (1996)

New Zealand
1.5% (2007 est.)

Nicaragua
5% (2007 est.)

Niger
5.1% (2003 est.)

Nigeria
3.2% (2007 est.)

Niue
NA%

Northern Mariana Islands
NA%

Norway
0.1% (2007 est.)

Oman
3.2% (2007 est.)

Pakistan
8% (2007 est.)

Palau
NA%

Panama
10.5% (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea
6.4% (2007 est.)

Paraguay
-1% (2007 est.)

Peru
9.8% (2007 est.)

Philippines
7.1% (2007 est.)

Poland
8.9% (2007 est.)

Portugal
2.3% (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico
NA%

Qatar
8% (2007 est.)

Romania
10.6% (2007 est.)

Russia
7.4% (2007 est.)

Rwanda
13.1% (2007 est.)

Saint Helena
NA%

Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA%

Saint Lucia
-8.9% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA%

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.9% (1997 est.)

Samoa
2.8% (2000)

San Marino
5.6% (2005 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
7% (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia
2.9% (2007 est.)

Senegal
5.2% (2007 est.)

Serbia
1.8% (2007 est.)

Seychelles
7% (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone
NA%

Singapore
7.4% (2007 est.)

Slovakia
17.2% (2007 est.)

Slovenia
9.5% (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands
NA%

Somalia
NA%

South Africa
4.4% (2007 est.)

Spain
3.1% (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka
7.6% (2007 est.)

Sudan
22% (2007 est.)

Suriname
6.5% (1994 est.)

Swaziland
1.1% (2007 est.)

Sweden
3% (2007 est.)

Switzerland
6.5% (2006 est.)

Syria
2.5% (2007 est.)

Taiwan
9.2% (2007 est.)

Tajikistan
5% (2007 est.)

Tanzania
9.5% (2007 est.)

Thailand
5.4% (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste
8.5% (2004 est.)

Togo
1% (2007 est.)

Tonga
1% (2003 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
6.5% (2007 est.)

Tunisia
7.2% (2007 est.)

Turkey
5.4% (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan
10.3% (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
NA%

Tuvalu
NA%

Uganda
5.8% (2007 est.)

Ukraine
6% (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates
4.3% (2007 est.)

United Kingdom
0.5% (2007 est.)

United States
-1.7% (2007 est.)

Uruguay
7.9% (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan
12.1% (2007 est.)

Vanuatu
1% (1997 est.)

Venezuela
3.9% (2007 est.)

Vietnam
10.6% (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands
NA%

Wallis and Futuna
NA%

West Bank
2.4% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
5% (2007 est.)

Yemen
3.2% (2007 est.)

Zambia
6.3% (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe
-5% (2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2090 Industries

Afghanistan
small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal,
copper

Albania
food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement,
chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower

Algeria
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining,
electrical, petrochemical, food processing

American Samoa
tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing
vessels), handicrafts

Andorra
tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
banking, tobacco, furniture

Angola
petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite,
uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing;
food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship
repair

Anguilla
tourism, boat building, offshore financial services

Antigua and Barbuda
tourism, construction, light manufacturing
(clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

Argentina
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Armenia
diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools,
forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear,
hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments,
microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food
processing, brandy

Aruba
tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining

Australia
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food
processing, chemicals, steel

Austria
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals,
chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard,
communications equipment, tourism

Azerbaijan
petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield
equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals;
textiles

Bahamas, The
tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum,
aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Bahrain
petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron
pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance,
ship repairing, tourism

Bangladesh
cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper
newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar

Barbados
tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for
export

Belarus
metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers,
motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles,
radios, refrigerators

Belgium
engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly,
transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and
beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Belize
garment production, food processing, tourism, construction,
oil

Benin
textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement

Bermuda
international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Bhutan
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages,
calcium carbide, tourism

Bolivia
mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco,
handicrafts, clothing

Bosnia and Herzegovina
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese,
bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden
furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil
refining

Botswana
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock
processing; textiles

Brazil
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin,
steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and
equipment

British Virgin Islands
tourism, light industry, construction, rum,
concrete block, offshore financial center

Brunei
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction

Bulgaria
electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco;
machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke,
refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Burkina Faso
cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap,
cigarettes, textiles, gold

Burma
agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin,
tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals;
fertilizer; natural gas; garments, jade and gems

Burundi
light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly
of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Cambodia
tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood
products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

Cameroon
petroleum production and refining, aluminum production,
food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Canada
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and
unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish
products, petroleum and natural gas

Cape Verde
food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments,
salt mining, ship repair

Cayman Islands
tourism, banking, insurance and finance,
construction, construction materials, furniture

Central African Republic
gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing,
textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

Chad
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium
carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Chile
copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and
steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

China
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other
metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel;
petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products,
including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing;
transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and
locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment,
commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

Christmas Island
tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
copra products and tourism

Colombia
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear,
beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Comoros
fishing, tourism, perfume distillation

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
mining (diamonds, gold, copper,
cobalt, coltan zinc), mineral processing, consumer products
(including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and
beverages), cement, commercial ship repair

Congo, Republic of the
petroleum extraction, cement, lumber,
brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes

Cook Islands
fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing,
handicrafts

Costa Rica
microprocessors, food processing, medical equipment,
textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic
products

Cote d'Ivoire
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining,
truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials,
electricity, ship construction and repair

Croatia
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal,
electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper,
wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding,
petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Cuba
sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement,
agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals

Cyprus
tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum
production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light
chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products

Czech Republic
metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles,
glass, armaments

Denmark
iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing,
machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing,
electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products,
shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical
equipment

Dhekelia
none

Djibouti
construction, agricultural processing

Dominica
soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement
blocks, shoes

Dominican Republic
tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold
mining, textiles, cement, tobacco

Ecuador
petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products,
chemicals

Egypt
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light
manufactures

El Salvador
food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals,
fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Equatorial Guinea
petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas

Eritrea
food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light
manufacturing, salt, cement

Estonia
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles;
information technology, telecommunications

Ethiopia
food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals,
metals processing, cement

European Union
among the world's largest and most technologically
advanced, the European Union industrial base includes: ferrous and
non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products,
petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail
transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles,
construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding,
electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated
manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment,
fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles,
tourism

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
fish and wool processing; tourism

Faroe Islands
fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and
refurbishment, handicrafts

Fiji
tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small
cottage industries

Finland
metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and
scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs,
chemicals, textiles, clothing

France
machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft,
electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism

French Polynesia
tourism, pearls, agricultural processing,
handicrafts, phosphates

Gabon
petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals,
ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood,
cement

Gambia, The
processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages,
agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing

Gaza Strip
generally small family businesses that produce textiles,
soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the
Israelis had established some small-scale modern industries in an
industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's
evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements

Georgia
steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances,
mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine

Germany
among the world's largest and most technologically advanced
producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,
vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages,
shipbuilding, textiles

Ghana
mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting,
food processing, cement, small commercial ship building

Gibraltar
tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco

Greece
tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals,
metal products; mining, petroleum

Greenland
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut);
gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining;
handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards

Grenada
food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations,
tourism, construction

Guam
US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services,
concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles

Guatemala
sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals,
petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism

Guernsey
tourism, banking

Guinea
bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron; alumina refining; light
manufacturing, and agricultural processing

Guinea-Bissau
agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks

Guyana
bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining

Haiti
sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light
assembly based on imported parts

Holy See (Vatican City)
printing; production of coins, medals,
postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms;
worldwide banking and financial activities

Honduras
sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products

Hong Kong
textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping,
electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks

Hungary
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods,
textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Iceland
fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production;
geothermal power, tourism

India
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation
equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software

Indonesia
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear,
mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Iran
petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles,
cement and other construction materials, food processing
(particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous
and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments

Iraq
petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction
materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing

Ireland
steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum
mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing;
chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation
equipment; glass and crystal; software, tourism

Isle of Man
financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

Israel
high-technology projects (including aviation, communications,
computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber
optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food,
beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals
products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles,
footwear

Italy
tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food
processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Jamaica
tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light
manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products,
telecommunications

Japan
among world's largest and technologically advanced producers
of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and
nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Jersey
tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics

Jordan
clothing, phosphate mining, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals,
petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light
manufacturing, tourism

Kazakhstan
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,
copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron
and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric
motors, construction materials

Kenya
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries,
textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products,
horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement,
commercial ship repair, tourism

Kiribati
fishing, handicrafts

Korea, North
military products; machine building, electric power,
chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite,
copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food
processing; tourism

Korea, South
electronics, telecommunications, automobile production,
chemicals, shipbuilding, steel

Kosovo
mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather,
machinery, appliances

Kuwait
petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair,
water desalination, food processing, construction materials

Kyrgyzstan
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement,
shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold,
rare earth metals

Laos
copper, tin, gold, and gypsum mining; timber, electric power,
agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism, cement

Latvia
buses, vans, street and railroad cars; synthetic fibers,
agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios,
electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note -
dependent on imports for energy and raw materials

Lebanon
banking, tourism, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement,
textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture
products, oil refining, metal fabricating

Lesotho
food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts,
construction, tourism

Liberia
rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds

Libya
petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles,
handicrafts, cement

Liechtenstein
electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products,
ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments,
tourism, optical instruments

Lithuania
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television
sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding
(small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing,
fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic
components, computers, amber jewelry

Luxembourg
banking and financial services, iron and steel,
information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation,
food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires,
glass, aluminum, tourism

Macau
tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear,
toys

Macedonia
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron,
steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals

Madagascar
meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries,
sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant,
paper, petroleum, tourism

Malawi
tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods

Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and
manufacturing, light manufacturing, electronics, tin mining and
smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum
production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production
and refining, logging

Maldives
tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut
processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand
mining

Mali
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Malta
tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction,
food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Marshall Islands
copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from
seashells, wood, and pearls)

Mauritania
fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum

Mauritius
food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles,
clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment,
nonelectrical machinery, tourism

Mayotte
newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction

Mexico
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel,
petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer
durables, tourism

Micronesia, Federated States of
tourism, construction; fish
processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items (from shell, wood,
and pearls)

Moldova
sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural
machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing
machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles

Monaco
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer
products

Mongolia
construction and construction materials; mining (coal,
copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food
and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural
fiber manufacturing

Montenegro
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer
goods, tourism

Montserrat
tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances

Morocco
phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing,
leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism

Mozambique
food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos,
tobacco

Namibia
meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining
(diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)

Nauru
phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products

Nepal
tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and
oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production

Netherlands
agroindustries, metal and engineering products,
electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum,
construction, microelectronics, fishing

Netherlands Antilles
tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire),
petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities
(Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

New Caledonia
nickel mining and smelting

New Zealand
food processing, wood and paper products, textiles,
machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism,
mining

Nicaragua
food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products,
textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages,
footwear, wood

Niger
uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food
processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Nigeria
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; palm oil, peanuts, cotton,
rubber, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other
construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals,
fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship
construction and repair

Niue
tourism, handicrafts, food processing

Norfolk Island
tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete

Northern Mariana Islands
tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts

Norway
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and
paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Oman
crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel,
chemicals, optic fiber

Pakistan
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals,
construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

Palau
tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction,
garment making

Panama
construction, brewing, cement and other construction
materials, sugar milling

Papua New Guinea
copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood
production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and
copper; crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction,
tourism