Chapter XVII: Science in the Twentieth Century (6)

Gunter, Edmund, xvi, 104

Gushers, oil, iii, 353-4

Gusts, i, 295, 373

Gutenberg, Johann, v, 300;
printing invention, xv, 179

Guttation, of plants, i, 350-1

Guyon, Felix, xvi, 184

Gymnarchus Fish, xii, 154

Gymnastic Exercises, x, 304-5

Gymnosperms, xiii, 174, 175, 178;
alteration of generations, xvi, 166;
first appearance, iii, 252, 255
(see also Conifers)

Gynecology, development of, x, 80-1, 122, xvi, 180

Gypsum, iii, 331-2, 375-6;
composition, viii, 153;
deposits and use, xiv, 209;
in sea water, 295

Gyro-compass, iv, 254-5, v, 201, 340, 384

Gyroscope, iv, 254-5, v, 335-44, 384;
in torpedoes, 373

Gyroscopic Action, of bullets and shells, v, 362

Haber Process, i, 36-7, viii, 74, 105, xvi, 165

Habit, xi, 247-58;
autosuggestion and, 306;
in physical functions, ix, 81, 88, 251;
slaves of, xi, 263;
will and, 261

Habits of Thought, xi, 198, 203-4, 247

Habitual Images, xi, 222

Hackberry Tree, xiii, 194

Haeckel, Ernst, biological work, x, 136, xvi, 182;
on phosphorescence of sea, xii, 18-19

Hail, i, 106-8, 373-4;
formation, 120;
storms and stones, 119-20

Hail clouds, i, 102

Hail Insurance, i, 269, 344

Hail Rods, i, 341, 342-3, 374

Hail Shooting, i, 341-2, 374

Hailstorms, devices to avert, i, 340-4

Hair, cells of, ix, 13;
color and form in different races, xv, 37-8, xvi, 48, 49, 50;
cutting of by electricity, iv, 10;
dyeing of, x, 58;
emotion effects on, xi, 142;
erection of, ix, 161, 162, 166, xi, 113;
of mammals, xii, 270-1;
on face and body, xv, 38

Hairdressing, among savages and Chinese, xv, 260-1;
ancient Egyptian, 255 (fig.)

Hairsprings, v, 70, 71-2

Hairworms, xii, 45

Hags (fish), xii, 130, 131

Haiti, gouffre of, i, 196;
rubber growing, xiii, 245;
words derived from, xv, 161;
yellow fever of, x, 160;
zoölogy of, xiv, 274

Hakemite Tables, ii, 38, 39

Hale, Prof. George E., ii, 147, 148, 177, 178, 225, 241;
spectroheliograph of, 129, 183

Hales, Stephen, x, 88, xvi, 112

Halite, iii, 332

Haller, Albrecht von, x, 77, 87-8, 97, 98;
medical works, xvi, 178

Halley, Edmund, comet and other discoveries, ii, 83-9;
discovery of moon's deviations, 73;
discovery of star motions, 304;
on Eta Argus, 324

Halley's Comet, ii, 84, 85-6, 273-4, 275, 281;
tail of, 134

Hallucinations, definition and kinds, x, 358;
of crowds, xi, 328-9;
visual, 91

Hallucinatory Images, xi, 221

Halogenation, viii, 266, 377

Halogen Derivatives, viii, 210, 211-12, 236

Halogens, viii, 18, 84-7, 377;
similarity of, 176

Halos, i, 177-183, 374;
circumscribed, 181, 369;
tangent arc, 383

Haly, "Royal Canon," of, x, 32, 37

Hamadryad, xii, 228-9

Hamburg, Deutsche Seewarte, i, 223, 276;
harbor of, xiv, 270

Hamilton Mill, vi, 296, vii, 209

Hamilton, Mount, ii, 142

Hammers, measurement of blows of, iv, 67;
pneumatic, i, 28

Hammurabic Code, xvi, 63;
on medical practices, x, 15

Hands, ape's and human compared, xv, 57, 58-60;
bones of, ix, 67-8;
cold or warmth felt in, 320;
color in different lights, iv, 364-5;
deftness of human, v, 248;
evolution of, xii, 167-8;
grasping reflex of, ix, 349, xi, 40-5;
importance in child's education, 43;
origin of flexed position, 42-3;
reciprocal innervation, 86;
tools resembling, 44-5;
temperature of, ix, 93;
X-ray pictures of, iv, 55

Hangars, i, 43

Hanging Glaciers, iii, 60-1

Hanging Valleys, iii, 65, xiv, 57

Hanks, of yarn, v, 272

Hanseatic League, xiv, 28, 308

Harbors, xiv, 266-71;
necessity of, to modern ships, 265;
photographic mapping of, i, 47-8

Hard Coal, combustion process, viii, 45;
flames from, 57;
origin, xiii, 10 (see Anthracite Coal)

Hardening of Arteries, x, 334-6, 340

Hardening Processes, (health), x, 240

Hardness, defined, viii, 377;
scale of, iii, 320, viii, 202;
sensation of, xi, 128

"Hard Shell," xii, 83

Hard Water, cause, iii, 126, viii, 151, 322-3, 377;
effects of, 143, 151-2, 323;
effects, xiv, 147;
occurrence in nature, ii, 147;
softening of, viii, 323-4;
taste of, 40

Hares, xii, 286-8

Hargreaves, spinning jenny, v, 273, 376, xv, 246

Harmattan, i, 134, 374

Harmonica, iv, 235

Harmonics, iv, 213

Harmony, due to tonal fusion, xi, 106

Harney's Peak, xiv, 227

Harpoons, xv, 209 (fig.), 210-12

Harps, development of, xv, 318

Harpsichord, xv, 318

Harrisburg, Pa., topography near, iii, 36

Harrison, John and William, v, 66-7

Hartness, telescope of, ii, 101

Harun-al-Raschid, astronomy under, ii, 37

Harvard Classification of Stars, ii, 116-18, 146, 310

Harvard College, first eclipse expedition by, ii, 211

Harvard Football Team (1913), excitement effects, xi, 138

Harvard Observatory, Arequipa station, ii, 145-6, 148;
photographic work, 116, 118, 127, 130, 136, 137, 301-2;
star spectra studies, 307

Harvard Photometry, ii, 297

Harvesting Machines, ancient, v, 240;
modern, 244-9

Harvestmen (scorpions), xii, 90

Harvest Moon, ii, 196

Harvey, William, x, 61-2, 66-7, 97;
discovery of circulation of blood, ix, 192, x, 22, 61, 63-6, 69, 81,
xvi, 106-7, 142;
other work, 107, 111

Hashish, xiii, 239

Hate, emotion of, xi, 139;
motor character, 58;
sentiment of, 148-9

Hats, hygiene of, x, 240, 309;
renovation by electricity, iv, 10

Havana, harbor of, xiv, 268;
sanitary measures, i, 327, x, 162;
water supply, xiv, 140

Havemeyer, Dr. L., author ANTHROPOLOGY, Vol. xv

Havre, port of, xiv, 271

Hawaii, geological formation, xiv, 101;
paper in sugar-growing, v, 291;
radio station, vii, 281;
screw pine of, xiii, 354

Hawaiian Islands, lava formations, iii, 28, 103;
oceanic character, xiv, 276;
rainfall on Mt. Waialeale, i, 112;
trade wind effects, xiv, 356;
volcanic soils, 329;
volcanoes, iii, 103-5, xiv, 322-3

Hawaiian Music, xv, 315

Hawk Moths, xii, 119-20;
facets of, 102

Hawks, xii, 260, 261;
man's lesson from, xv, 206

Hawksbee, Francis, xvi, 122-3

Hay Fever, cause of, x, 212, xiii, 118

Haze, atmospheric, i, 374;
dry fog, 96;
dust (African coast), 55;
from smoke, 56, 57;
in distance perception, xi, 182

Hazel Copses, xiii, 370

Hazelnut Tree, xiii, 193

Head, binding of, among savages, xv, 260;
blood supply of, ix, 197;
bones of, 61-3;
motions and position, how sensed, 90;
saving heels by, xi, 376-7;
shape in race classification, xv, 42-3;
washing of, x, 312;
word, various uses of, xv, 158-9

Headaches, electrical treatment, vi, 285, vii, 238-9;
eyestrain and, ix, 113;
hypnosis and, xi, 315;
significance of, 120-1

Head of Water, v, 94;
high and low, 79-81

Health, care of, instruction in, x, 282-5
(see also Personal Hygiene);
dependent on kinetic system, xi, 61;
emotions and, 129;
mental efficiency and, 369;
regulation to environment, x, 249-50;
resistance to disease strengthened by, ix, 185-6;
Science of, vol. x;
worry and, ix, 167

Health Resorts, i, 331

Hearing, iv, 203-4, 211-12, ix, 98-103, xi, 98-108;
"arrival platform" for, ix, 146;
colored, xi, 222;
direction perception by, ix, 117, 120;
distance perception by, 121;
ear movements and, 82;
in fishes, xii, 137-8;
in insects, 101;
limits (vibration rates) of, iv, 204, ix, 99, 100;
nerve of, 30;
organ of, position, ix, 61;
sense of, in infants, 351;
space perception by, xi, 163, 167-9

Heart, anatomy and operation of, ix, 200-12;
of, x, 332, 333-4;
as seat of affections, ix, 200;
emotion effects on, ix, 200, xi, 135, 136-7;
emotions attributed to, 130-1;
examination methods, ix, 205;
exercise effects, 261-2, x, 303, 304-5;
fatigue effects, xi, 272;
fear and terror effects, 131, 132;
high temperature effects, x, 251;
hypertrophy of, 331-2;
motions, Harvey on, 64-6;
nerve centers and control, ix, 168;
part in maintenance of life, 21-3;
passage of blood through former ideas, x, 52, 62, 65-6;
removed from body, beating of, ix, 84;
rest and sleep needs (eight-hour day), 209-10;
septum of, x, 66, 113;
sleep effects, xi, 283;
sounds, how listened to, ix, 205-6, x, 108-9;
supposed "pores" of Galen, 52, 62, 65-6;
systole and diastole, 64-5, 109;
valves of, ix, 202, 204, 206-7, x, 332;
work of, how measured, ix, 213-14

Heart Beat, ix, 202-3;
adrenalin effects, 171, 172, 209;
chemical theories of, x, 84;
control through nerve centers, ix, 168;
disturbances of, x, 333;
emotion effects, ix, 166, 209;
exercise effects, 168-9, 207, 208-9, 261-2;
rate of, 203, 204-5, x, 334;
rate increased by heat, 251;
rate in infants, ix, 347;
sounds of, 205-6;
variations in rate and vigor, 207-10

Heartburn, ix, 232

Heart Disease, atmospheric conditions best for, x, 241;
digitalis in, 333, 383;
early ignorance, xvi, 180-1;
modern therapy of, x, 382-3;
rheumatism and, 224;
valvular, 332

Heart Failure, x, 333;
symptoms accompanying, 340-1, 344

Heart Muscle, ix, 74-5, 84, x, 333-4;
"eight-hour day" of, ix, 210;
hypertrophy of, x, 331-2, 335;
nervous control of, ix, 207-335;
nervous control of, ix, 207-9

Heartwood, xiii, 24, 25, 26, 177 (fig.)

Heat, absorbers of, iv, 182;
absorption by colors, x, 309;
absorption by gases, viii, 309;
absorption by mixtures, iv, 175;
artificial, man's dependence on, ix, 308;
available supply in universe, iv, 193;
bacteria destroyed by, viii, 332;
"caloric" or "imponderable" theory, iv, 47, xvi, 125;
capacity, iv, 154-5;
change of state by, 151-3, 192-3;
chemical reactions and, viii, 12, 15, 53, 62, 95-6, 100, 308, 360;
chemical reactions hurried by, 310;
"closeness" due to, ix, 268-9, 270;
compression and, i, 26-7, 90, v, 126-8, 161, 351;
conduction and conductors of, iv, 138, 176-7, 178-9, x, 307, 308, 309;
convection of, iv, 139, 177-8;
demagnetization by, 253, vi, 34-5, 38, 117;
direction of flow of, iv, 190, v, 351, xvi, 135;
effects of, on bodies, iv, 144-59;
electrical production of, iv, 310-12, vii, 89, 337-8, 303-5, viii,
283-4;
electricity generated by, vi, 340
(see also Thermal Couples);
electromagnetic theory, vii, 371;
energy form, iv, 138, 140, 189;
"engineer" of physics, 50;
entropy, iv, 193;
expansion by, i, 27, iv, 134-5, 138, 140, 145, 151, viii, 25, 107;
forms, ii, 383;
from charcoal, viii, 186-7;
from foods, 361, 367, x, 269, 271;
from infrared waves, iv, 366;
from moon, ii, 200;
from radium, viii, 186-7;
from sun, ii, 169-71, iv, 181-2, 183, 194, ix, 25-6;
insulators, iv, 178, 184-5, vii, 307-8;
kindling temperature, viii, 53-4;
latent (see Latent Heat);
measurement for fuels and foods, viii, 360-1;
measurements, physico-chemical, 307-8;
measurement of quantity of, iv, 154;
mechanical equivalent of, (see Mechanical Equivalent);
mechanical (dynamical) theory of, iv, 48-9, 140;
molecular activity and, iv, 138-9, 140, viii, 25, 37-8;
motive power,
xvi, 135;
of earth's interior, iii, 108, 120-1, 160, 162, v, 178-81, xiv, 11-16,
31-2, 312;
of electric arc, iv, 311, vi, 280;
of electric lamp, vi, 268;
of volcanoes, iii, 106;
power from, v, 139-54, 351;
pressure of gases increased by, iv, 140;
production, electrical, 310-12;
production of, by friction, iv, 48-9;
production by mixtures, 174-5;
production by solidification, 160, 161;
radiant energy, vibration rate, ix, 114, 115;
radiation of, iv, 180-4;
reflectors of, 182-3;
resistance of charcoal, vii, 306;
rolling friction and, v, 204;
scientific meaning of, iv, 139-40;
sensation of, ix, 93, xi, 109, 113-14;
shrinkage in relation to, ii, 170 (see Lane's Law);
solvent action and, viii, 112;
specific, iv, 155-6, viii, 308-9;
"stuffiness due to", i, 321, x, 237-8;
temperature and, iv, 14-45;
thermodynamic laws, 189-90;
transmission through bodies, 176-9;
transmission through space, 180-4;
units, iv, 154, 189-90, vii, 369, viii, 374, x, 269;
universal presence, v, 345;
vacuums, v, 345-58;
wastage in engines, v, 155, 161, 165-6, 351
(see also Heat Waves, Temperature)

Heat Engines, iv, 192, 193-4, xvi, 135

Heat Equator, xiv, 347

Heating, dynamic, i, 90

Heating Systems, iv, 185-7;
dryness from, xiv, 353;
water advantages in, iv, 162

Heat Lightning, i, 148, vii, 205, 213

Heat Prostrations, ix, 316

Heat Regulators, vii, 87-8

Heat Stroke, x, 251-2, 274

Heat Thunderstorms, i, 138, 151, vii, 217

Heat Waves, vi, 119, 269, 270, vii, 371;
length and frequency, 260;
transmission of, iv, 180-4;
volcanic dust effects, i, 59

Heath Family, xiii, 202;
shrubs of, 274

Heavier-than-air Machines, v, 230-8;
principles, i, 286-9;
remarks on, vii, 76

Heberden, William, x, 104

Hebrew Language, xv, 162;
religious words from, 161

Hebrews, hemp fiber unknown to, xiii, 239;
ideas of insanity, x, 356;
unclean animals of, xii, 311

Hedgehogs, xii, 366, 367

Heidelberg Man, xv, 92, 93-5;
period of, 102

Heidelberg Race, xv, 96-7

Height, human, at morning and night, ix, 65;
rate of growth, 32;
of various races, xv, 38-9

Heights, oceanic, xiv, 286

Helicopter, i, 42

Heligoland, coast destruction, iii, 56

Heliocentric System, ii, 43-4;
known in Egypt, xvi, 69;
taught by Aristarchus, ii, 28
(see also Copernican System)

Heliometer, ii, 311

Helioscope, ii, 172-3

Heliotaxis, xi, 52-3, 61

Heliotropism, in hydroids, xii, 34

Helium, atmospheric, i, 11, 12, ii, 232;
boiling and freezing points, iv, 173;
critical temperature, 173;
density of, 113;
discovery, i, 12, viii, 302, xvi, 194;
frozen, v, 345;
liquefaction, i, 32, xvi, 194;
liquefaction temperature, v, 348;
molecular velocity in, iv, 133, viii, 185, 186;
monatomic, viii, 309;
production by disintegration, i, 12;
specific heat ratio for, iv, 156;
symbol and atomic weight, viii, 383;
use of, in balloons, iv, 108

Hellbenders, xii, 171-2

Hell Gate, tidal race of, xiv, 294

Hellgrammite, xii, 106

Helmets, modern, xv, 221

Helmholtz, chemical work, xvi, 142;
"Conservation of Energy," 181-2;
contraction theory, ii, 380;
medical work of, x, 131;
on Young, 97;
pupil of Muller, 118, 128;
sound studies, iv, 52, 233;
theory of life, xii, 9;
thermodynamic studies, xvi, 136;
theory of color vision, x, 96

Heloderma, xii, 207

Hematite, iii, 332, 356, 358, viii, 47, 156

Hemlocks, in class of conifers, xiii, 174;
foliage, 270-1;
planting conditions, 270;
poison, 250;
roots, 17;
in northern forests, xiv, 372

Hemoglobin, ix, 181-3, 184, 258-9, 275, x, 337;
deficiency in anemia, 337

Hemorrhages, blood transfusion in, x, 338;
low blood pressure in, 336;
prevention of, in surgery, 14, 148;
stopping of, ix, 179-81

Hemostat, x, 148

Hemp cellulose composition, viii, 254;
sources, xiii, 238

Hemp Plant, xiii, 238-9

Henna Dye, of Amatus, x, 58

Henry, induction unit, iv, 285

Henry, Prof. Joseph, i, 189, vi, 24, xvi, 191;
induction unit named for, iv, 285

Henry I, (England), arm's length of, iv, 45

Henry the Navigator, xiv, 309

Henry Mountains, iii, 139, xiv, 109, 227

Hens, language methods of, xv, 141

Heraclitus, on change, xvi, 79

Herbivora, xii, 300-31;
intestine length in, ix, 246

Herbs, antiquity, xiii, 319, 310;
in American summer forests, 368, 369;
as class of plants, 175;
fossil and existing species, 324;
garden, 289;
hairy covering, 104-5;
none among gymnosperms, 175;
planting table of annuals and perennials, 290-7;
stems, 23;
in temperate forests, 366

Hercules (constellation), star clusters in, ii, 336, 340;
stars moving from, 305

Herd-Instinct, x, 9

Hereafter, primitive conceptions of, xv, 332-6, 339, 340, 345

Heredity, x, 227-8;
diseases and, ix, 103, 181, 304, x, 234-5, 292, 303;
importance in human evolution, xvi, 47;
importance of knowledge of, x, 236;
laws and facts of, ix, 325-44, x, 228-34, xiii, 326-7, 331-4, xv,
22-3, 24, 27, xvi, 153-8;
social, xv, 30-1

Hering, Prof. D. W., author PHYSICS, Vol. iv

Hering's Illusion, xi, 189

Hermit Crab, xii, 85

Hernia, operations for, x, 14, 41, 57

Hero, Greek scientist, inventions, xvi, 91, 92, 93;
mathematical work, 95;
steam turbine, v, 142-4, 148, xvi, 92, 93

Herodotus, Barton on, x, 20;
on fossil shells, iii, 14;
on Egyptian geometry, xvi, 68;
on Nile River, xiv, 71

Heroism, in crowds, xi, 326-7, 330

Herons, xii, 254-5

Herophilus, x, 23-4

Herring, xii, 154, 156;
limacina and, 19

Herschel, Caroline, ii, 104

Herschel, Sir William, astronomical work, ii, 15-16, xvi, 124-5;
discovery of Uranus, ii, 267;
father of descriptive astronomy, 139;
ideas of nebulæ, 368-9, 380;
knighting of, 254;
on habitability of sun, 252;
on proper motion of stars, 305;
picture of solar system, 162-3;
reflectors of, 103, 104;
studies of Galaxy, 352;
studies of Mars, 227;
studies of nebulæ, 358

Herschel, Sir John, dismantling of telescope by, ii, 104;
on spectrum lines, 112;
on Galaxy, 352;
studies of nebulæ, 358-9;
studies of star clusters, 336-7

Hertz, Heinrich, vi, 25, vii, 258, xvi, 191

Hesperornis, xii, 242

Hesperus, ancient name of Venus, ii, 191

Hessian Fly, i, 256

Hetchy-Hetchy Canyon, iii, 225

Heterodyne Receivers, vii, 278-9

Heterogeneous Rivers, xiv, 154-5

Heteromecic Numbers, xvi, 80

Hevelius, astronomer, ii, 57, 85;
telescopes of, 48, 99;
halo of, i, 374

Hewson, William, x, 88, xvi, 179

Hexane, viii, 206, 224

Heyl, Henry, v, 330

Hi and Ho, Chinese astronomers, xvi, 56-7, ii, 22

Hicetas, Greek astronomer, xvi, 81, 102

Hickory Trees, in American forests, xiv, 373;
in apetalae group, xiii, 190;
family, 191;
fertilization, 148;
leaves, 36-7;
leaf-bud protection, 34;
roots, 17;
sexes in, 46, 191

Hides, drying and tanning of, viii, 257

Hieroglyphics, Egyptian, xv, 172-4

High Blood Pressure, ix, 214, x, 334-6, 340

Highbrow, xv, 43

High Cost of Living, results in disease, x, 268

High Frequency Circuits, vii, 263

High Frequency Generators, vii, 290-1

Highlands, and lowlands, xiv, 213

Highlands-of-the-Hudson, iii, 188, 189

Highs, High Pressure Areas, i, 135-6, 137, 374;
movements, 134-5, 237;
weather significance, 236, 237;
winds in relation to, 125
(see also Pressure Areas)

Hill, James J., quoted, xi, 377

Hill, Prof. Leonard, i, 319, 320, 321, 322

Himalayas, animals of, xii, 288, 322, 325, 330, 337, 357;
forming of, iii, 236, xiii, 319;
glacial erosion in, xiv, 233;
height and importance, xv, 137;
impressiveness of, xiv, 9;
rainfall, i, 111;
rainfall on opposite sides, xiv, 355;
rhododendrons and azaleas in, xiii, 202;
rivers of, xiv, 167;
site formerly submerged, iii, 235;
sky line from Tibet, xiv, 234;
snow pinnacles, i, 117;
youthfulness, xiv, 96, 235

Hinds, xii, 317

Hindu Language, words from, xv, 161

Hindus, animal worship of, xv, 334;
astronomy, ii, 21, 26;
belief concerning trances, ix, 11, 17, 266-7;
cloud classifying by ancient, i, 97;
conception of earth, ii, 36;
crocodile veneration by, xii, 201;
geometry of, xi, 239;
in brown race, xv, 37;
marriage ceremonies of, 292, 293;
medicine and surgery of, x, 13-14, 57, 100, 123;
monkeys revered by, xii, 379

Hip Joint, dislocation of, ix, 67, 71

Hipparchus, ii, 10, 30-2, xvi, 90-1;
data gathered by, 94;
discoverer of precession, ii, 70;
novae observed by, 331;
star catalogue of, 300

Hippocrates, x, 18-22, 97, xvi, 95-6, 106;
aphorism of, x, 192, 379;
description of diseases by, 17;
humoral doctrine, 21, 98;
influence in Middle Ages, 31-2, 34, 36, 37;
"Oath" of, 18-19;
references to teachings, 55, 78, 154, 244, 289;
revival of teachings of, 44, 47, 48, 72, 73, 74

Hippopotamus, xii, 310;
trapping of, xv, 225

Hiqua, xii, 74

His, Wilhelm, x, 131

Histology, defined, xiii, 75

History, beginnings of, xv, 322, xvi, 51;
climatic influences, xiv, 29, 357-9, 361-2, xv, 123;
crowds and individuals in, xi, 333;
emotions in, 130;
geographical influences, xiv, 10, 30-1, 191-7, 239-45, 249-50, 279-82,
305-11, xv, 122-3, 136-9;
poetry and, 323-4;
sentiments the moving force, xi, 150;
suggestibility and records, 310;
warriors and artisans in, v, 15

Hoang-ho, shifting of courses, xiv, 184

Hoarfrost, i, 121, 258, 374

Hoatzin, xii, 241

"Hobble-Skirt" Cars, vii, 184

Hoe Printing Press, v, 301, 379, 381

Hoffmann, Friedrich, x, 85-6

Hogs, descent of, xii, 310;
embryological development, xv, 54, 55;
feeding garbage to, viii, 330

Hohenbergia, leaves, xiii, 106

Hohenheim, Aureolus von (see Paracelsus)

Hoists, in power plants, vi, 353

Holland, commercial history, xiv, 262, 280-1, 310;
low elevation of, 247;
rain-deposited salt, i, 60;
vaccination in, x, 103;
windmills, i, 37;
Zuider Zee of, xiv, 45-6

Holland Submarine, v, 382

Holly, American, xiii, 367

Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, x, 114;
anesthetics named by, 125;
"goodly company" of, 134;
puerperal fever studies, 114-15, 122;
quoted, on therapeusis, 75

Holmium, symbol and atomic weight, viii, 383

Holothurians, xii, 23

Holyoke, Mount, xiv, 111

Home, electrical appliances in, iv, 10, vii, 73-90;
electric wiring, 67-8;
lighting and lighting systems, vi, 274-8, vii, 68-72, 75

Homer, historic value of poems, xv, 323-4;
medical references in, x, 16-17;
on blood showers, i, 55;
on the loadstone, vi, 29

Hominy Block, xv, 238-9

Homogeneous Rivers, xiv, 154

Honey, as food, ix, 292;
purpose in flowers, xiii, 124, 126, 142-3, 184;
"showers" of, i, 357

Honeydew, on plants, i, 351-2, 357

Honeysuckle, Italian, fertilization, xiii, 142-3;
leaf arrangement, 38;
tendril movement, 111

Hood, Mount, beauty of, xiv, 315;
cone of, iii, 226, xiv, 100-1, 225

"Hoodoo Country," xiv, 105

Hoofed Animals, xii, 300-31;
evolution, iii, 299, 300

Hooke, balance spring invention, v, 65;
geological work, xvi, 126;
light theory, 137;
microscope invention, x, 67;
microscopic work, xvi, 112;
on protoplasm, 166

Hooker Telescope, ii, 148, 156, 157-8, 159-60

Hookworm, campaign against, x, 171, 174-5;
parasite of, 199, 201;
in tropics, xiv, 357

Hookworm Anemia, x, 337

Hoosac Tunnel, drills in building, i, 27

Hope, physical effects, xi, 339

Hopkins, Dr. A. D., i, 255, 256, 367

Hop-vines, xiii, 27, 111

Horizontal Rainbows, i, 177

Hormones, ix, 170, 171, 189, 303, x, 320, 331, 347;
disease poisons as, ix, 178

Hornbeam, family, xiii, 193;
European, 271-2

Horneblende, iii, 321;
chemistry of, viii, 193

Horned Screamers, xii, 256-7

Horned Toad, xii, 204, 206

Horner, William, x, 116

Horn Gaps, vii, 17-18

Horns, in cattle family, xii, 324-5, 328;
of deer, 316

Horns (musical), from shells, xii, 74;
origin of, xv, 317;
sound production by, iv, 239-41

Horrocks, Jeremiah, ii, 58

Horseback Riding, as exercise, x, 304, 317

Horsechestnut Tree, dense shade, xiii, 86;
in landscaping, 271-2;
leaf-bud protection, 34;
stipules absent, 34

Horse Latitudes, i, 129, 374, xiv, 349

Horsepower, defined, iv, 80, vi, 83, 84, vii, 369;
electrical equivalent, vi, 84-5;
erg and calorie equivalents, vii, 382;
men's labor in, iv, 311;
thermal equivalents, v, 350-1

Horsepower-hours, iv, 80

Horseradish, aconite and, xiii, 252;
in mustard family, 197;
origin, 223

Horses, xii, 306-7;
automobiles and, v, 215;
class of, xii, 300;
cost of work, vii, 224-6;
diphtheria antitoxin from, x, 297;
domestication of, xv, 197;
ear movements, of, ix, 82, 117;
fear in, xi, 136;
geological history, iii, 299-300;
pictured in ancient art, xv, 112, 114, 116;
surra disease of, x, 168;
young of, ix, 346

Horseshoe Magnets, iv, 250, vi, 34, 45, 333

Horsetail Plants, iii, 251, 254, 256, xiii, 308-9, 314, 317, 323

Hoses, force, vi, 47-9;
rate of flow, 70-1

Hospitals, disease germs of, i, 325-6;
rise of modern, xvi, 184;
"Sunday temperatures" in, xi, 140

Hospital Tanks, v, 120

Hot Air Heating System, iv, 185

Hot Baths, ix, 322, x, 311-12, 383;
after eating, ix, 313;
cold sensation on entering, 93;
therapeutic uses of, x, 311, 383

Hot Climates, clothing for, x, 307, 308;
oiling of skin in, 311

Hot Springs, occurrence and explanation, iii, 128, xiv, 143-5;
plant life in, xiii, 299;
proof of earth's internal heat, xiv, 12;
travertine deposits, 146

Hottentots, hair of, xv, 38;
marriage by purchase among, 284

Hot-water Bottle, iv, 162-3

Hot Water Heating System, iv, 185-6, 187

Hot Water Plants, xiii, 299, 300, 301

Hot Waves, i, 374

Hot Winds, i, 134, 374

Hotchkiss Machine Gun, v, 365

Hotels, color lighting, vi, 274-5

House-breaking, of children, xi, 251-2

House Meters, vii, 174-7

Houses, dry air of, xiv, 353;
electric wiring, vii, 65-8;
evolution of, xv, 266-8

Howard, Luke, i, 97-8

Howe, Elias, sewing machine, v, 284, 379

Howitzers, v, 368-9

Huanacos, xii, 313

Huckleberry, growth of, x, 229

Hudson River, course, iii, 234, 245;
estuary of, xiv, 40;
locating rock under, v, 263-4;
mouth, xiv, 25, 270;
Palisades (see Palisades of Hudson);
sediment in channel, 268;
submerged channel, iii, 37 (fig.), 78, 234, xiv, 25, 287;
superimposed stream, iii, 233

Hudson River Valley, drowned character, iii, 38, 77-8, xiv, 25, 40, 255;
origin, iii, 232;
section of, 138 (fig.)

Hue, of colors, xi, 90

Hughes, D. E., vi, 26;
coherer of, xvi, 191

Human Energy, consumption in life processes and work, viii, 367;
daily expenditure in calories, ix, 297;
efficiency in use of, 296, 306;
food sources and requirements, viii, 334, 349, 350, 359, 361, ix,
289-301;
from foods, calculation of, x, 269-70;
per cent used, xi, 264;
Ostwald's imperative, 257;
production in kinetic system, 60-1

Humanists, "medical," x, 45

Human Life, temperate zones most favorable, xi, 51;
temperature limits, v, 348, ii, 243
(see also Life)

Human Race, cradle of, xvi, 46-7;
grouping tendency of, x, 9;
improvement by selection, xvi, 157

Humanistic Period, xvi, 86

Human Voice, range of, ix, 99 (see Voice)

Humboldt, Alexander von, discovery of orchid insect, xiii, 48;
geological work, xvi, 170, 171;
on the Ghor of Syria, xiv, 121;
on thunder at sea, i, 193;
studies of electric eel, vi, 16

Humboldt Current, xiv, 305

Humboldt Range, iii, 214

Humidifying Systems, i, 78

Humidity, i, 76, xiv, 353-4;
absolute and relative, i, 76-7, 375, xiv, 352-3, 354;
atmospheric, viii, 67;
body heat and, i, 317, v, 348-9, ix, 316, 317, x, 237, 251, xiv, 354;
danger in thunderstorms, i, 156;
heat prostration from, ix, 316;
measurement of, i, 78-9;
practical importance, 77-8;
ventilation and, 321, viii, 331, 332, ix, 268-9, 270, x, 237

Hummingbirds, xii, 269;
colors of, 245;
family of, 267;
plant fertilization by, xiii, 144

Humor, psychology of, xi, 350-7

Humoral Doctrine, x, 21, 28-9, 69, 98, 380

Humped Cattle, xii, 330

Humphreys, Dr. W. J., i, 58, 59, 113, 152, 153, 155, 172

Humus, formation of, viii, 340, 341, 346-7

Hungary, loess deposits, xiv, 72;
plains of, xiii, 373, xiv, 217;
stone implements of ancient, xv, 109

Hunger, "best sauce," ix, 242;
food regulation by, 299;
impulse of, in civilization, xv, 185-204, 273;
sensation of, ix, 87-8, 231, xi, 65-6, 67, xv, 65;
sense of, in infants, ix, 349-50;
sleep and, xi, 290

Hunger Strikes, water in, x, 275

Hunt, T. Sterry, xvi, 190

Hunter, John, x, 93-6, 97;
electric eel studies, vi, 16;
Jenner pupil of, x, 94, 99;
Virchow compared to, 129

Hunter, William, x, 92-3, 94

Hunter's Moon, ii, 196

Hunting, primitive methods and devices, xv, 222-8

Hunting Dog, African, xii, 345

Hunting Dogs, heart in, x, 332

Hunting Stage, xv, 187, 192-6;
equality of members in, 376;
leaders in, 366;
polygamy in, 287

Hurdy-Gurdy Wheel, v, 77

Huron, Lake, size, xiv, 204

Hurricane Cliffs, xiv, 124

Hurricane Grass, xiii, 344

Hurricanes, i, 136, 375;
electrification by, vii, 212-13;
handling of ships in, i, 277-8;
warnings in Caribbean Sea, 282, 309

Hurry, modern spirit of, xv, 12

Hussey, Obed, v, 244-5, 246, 247, 249, 379

Hutton, Dr. James, geologist, xvi, 126, 169-70

Huxley, gorilla studies of, xv, 57;
on herring, xii, 156;
work of, x, 136, xvi, 140-1, 142, 182

Huygens, as astrologer, ii, 21;
Kepler's Laws and, 61;
light theory, xvi, 119;
mechanical method of, iv, 11;
micrometer invention, ii, 58;
on planetary pull, 63;
on rings of Saturn, 54, 57;
pendulum clock invention, v, 65;
studies of Mars, ii, 227, 228;
studies of nebulæ, 357;
telescopes, 13, 57, 99

Hyacinth, xiii, 120, 184

Hyacinth Stone, iii, 341

Hyades, ii, 341-3

Hyalite, iii, 335

Hybrids, defined, ix, 334, xiii, 147;
transmission of characters, ix, 334-7, x, 231-2, 233, xiii, 332, 333

Hydra, fresh water, xii, 33-4

Hydraulic Jets, v, 88 (see Water Jets)

Hydraulic Machinery, v, 97-108
(see also special heads, as Cranes, Elevators, etc.)

Hydraulic Press, v, 97-100, 376;
mechanical gain in, iv, 41

Hydraulic Ram, v, 84-6

Hydriodic Acid, formation of, viii, 95-6

Hydro-acids, viii, 98, 114, 377

Hydrocarbons, and derivatives, viii, 51-2, 205-40;
molecular complexity and physical state, 298;
oxygen affinity for, 36;
substitution phenomena, xvi, 162

Hydrochloric Acid, viii, 86-7, 115;
action on cellulose, 255;
in gastric juice, x, 320, 325, ix, 234-5, 236, 237-8;
metal tests by, viii, 288;
production, 87, 105, 275, 277;
solubility in water, 111;
test for, 285

Hydroelectric Plants, v, 79, 83, vi, 351-2, 361-78;
on farms, vii, 233-4;
use of alternators, vi, 215;
(see also Power Plants)

Hydroelectric Power, called "white coal," v, 76;
in Switzerland, xiv, 242

Hydrogen, viii, 18, 29-33;
affinity strength, 128;
affinity for halogens, 85, 86;
atmospheric, i, 11, 192, ii, 232;
atomic weight and symbol, viii, 383;
atomic weights based on, 33, 92;
basic element, Prout's hypothesis, 177;
boiling and freezing points, iv, 173;
compressibility and volume, 143;
critical temperature and pressure, 173;
density of, 110, 113;
diffusibility of, viii, 108;
discovery, xvi, 120;
elimination from body, viii, 353;
explosions of, 33, 62;
flame of, 57, 58, 59-60;
increasing demand for, vii, 321;
in acids, viii, 114;
in organic compounds, 64, 204;
in plants, 336-7, 340-1;
in proteins, 351;
in water, weight and volume, 39-40;
liquefaction of, iv, 171, 191;
melting point, 162;
molecular speed, viii, 24, iv, 133;
percentage in coal series, iii, 345;
plant uses and sources, xiv, 64-5;
positive ionization, viii, 122;
preparation, 30-3, 102;
sound speed in, i, 192;
uniqueness of, viii, 182-3;
use of, in balloons, iv, 108;
valence basis, viii, 93;
valences to, 178, 179-80;
weight, iv, 110

Hydrogen Compounds, viii, 29, 36, 41, 51-2, 68-70, 205-40

Hydrogen Cycle, viii, 334, 350

Hydrogen Peroxide, viii, 41, 97;
bleaching by, 86, 256

Hydrogen Sulphide, viii, 77-8;
in metal tests, 288;
solubility in water, 111

Hydrogenation, viii, 232, 247, 377

Hydroids, xii, 18, 23, 33-7;
regeneration in, 170

Hydrology, problems, vi, 365-7

Hydrolysis, viii, 39, 217-18, 377;
by enzymes, 357, 358;
in cement setting, 280;
ionization and, 120

Hydrometers, iv, 113, vi, 147

Hydrophobia, Pasteur's work on, x, 142-3;
reduction of mortality in, 217

Hydroplanes, v, 192;
of submarines, 197-8

Hydrostatic Pressure, v, 95-6

Hydrotherapy, x, 383

Hydroxides, viii, 93, 377;
bases as, 115;
commercial preparation, of, 276;
metals found as, 130, 131, 198

Hydroxyl Derivatives, viii, 210, 212-14, 215, 218

Hydroxyl Group, viii, 377;
in bases, 115;
boiling point raised by, 299;
negative ionization, 122;
solubility, 112

Hyenas, xii, 351-2

Hygiene, among early Jews, x, 15;
daily applications, xvi, 15;
instruction in, remarks on, x, 282-5;
mental, xi, 368-82;
personal, disease prevention through, x, 302-17

Hygrometers, i, 78-9, 375;
invention, 68-9

Hygroscope, i, 375

Hymenoptera, xii, 124-6

Hyperfunction, defined, x, 348

Hyperopia, ix, 113

Hypersensibility, x, 212-15

Hypnotism, xi, 311-22;
use in medicine, xvi, 185-6

Hypo, of photography, viii, 140, 172

Hypofunction, meaning, x, 348

Hypophysis, (gland), x, 347, 352

Hysteresis, vi, 192, 213-14;
in motors, 225;
in transformers, 316

Hysteria, x, 360-3

Ianthena, xii, 19

Iatrochemical School, x, 69-70

Iatrophysical School, x, 69, 70-2

Iberian Racial Group, xvi, 49

Ibervillea, xiii, 106-7

Ibexes, xii, 325-6

Ibises, xii, 254, 255-6

Ibn-Yunos (Jounis), ii, 38, 210

Ice, ancient use in refrigeration, v, 349;
artificial, iv, 188, v, 349-50, 354-8, viii, 69-70;
color of, 40;
comparative heat, v, 345;
cooling by, iv, 178, v, 346;
density of, iv, 149;
disadvantages in refrigeration, vii, 230;
erosion by, (see Glaciers);
expansion of water in, viii, 38;
heat conductivity, iv, 179;
keeping of, v, 346, 349;
melting point and requirements, iv, 152, 161, 162;
melting point, pressure effects on, 163, 164, 164-6;
mixture with salt, temperature resulting, 175;
mixture with water, temperatures obtained, 160-1, v, 353-4;
regelation of, iv, 164-6;
specific gravity, iii, 321;
specific heat of, iv, 155;
temperatures at different pressures, v, 345;
transformation of snow into, iii, 59-60;
warming of, iv, 151-2

Ice Age, Great Quaternary, iii, 236-48, xv, 72-6;
antiquity of, xiii, 209, 322;
lakes formed, iii, 143-51;
man during, 302, 303, xv, 102;
Mississippi Valley remains, iii, 35;
moraines left by, 67-8;
sea level in, 83;
subsidence of land in, 80;
Yosemite Valley formed in, 48, 64
(see also Glacial Epoch)

Ice Age, Permian, iii, 203-4

Ice Ages, theories of, iii, 247-8;
volcanic dust theory, i, 58

Icebergs, submergence of, iv, 149

Ice Breakers, gyroscopes on, v, 342

Ice Caps, iii, 60, 61;
of Greenland and Antarctica, xiv, 55

Ice Clouds, i, 92-3, 103;
halos produced by, 177

Ice Dam Lakes, iii, 143-4, xiv, 201

Ice Crystals, i, 115-16;
halos from, 177, 178, 182-3

Ice Fogs, i, 95-6

Ice Houses, insulation method in, iv, 178

Iceland, discovery and settlement, xiv, 261;
fault displacement in, 39;
foxes of, xii, 344;
future manufacturing center, v, 173;
ice caps, iii, 61;
low pressure area, i, 361;
volcanic eruptions, 57, 59;
volcanic formation, xiv, 277, 289, 316

Icelandic Language, xv, 162

Iceland Spar, iii, 325;
effect on light, 319, iv, 354

Ice Needles, i, 92-3, 96

"Ice Pavement," xiv, 56

Ice Rain, i, 107, 375

Ice Saints, i, 363, 375

Ice Sheets, iii, 60, 61-2;
of Great Ice Age, 237-42, xv, 74-6

Ice Storms, i, 108

Ice Water, drinking of, ix, 229;
temperature of, viii, 38

Ichneumon Flies, xii, 125

Ichneumons, xii, 352

Ichthyornis, xii, 243

Ichthyosaurs, iii, 286-8, xii, 182, 202

Idaho, lava formations, xiv, 102, 103, 318;
mining products, iii, 362-3, 368

Idaho Fire (1910), i, 57

Ideal Metal, resistance, vi, 77

Ideas, psychological meaning, xi, 201-2
(see also Association of Ideas, Dissociation, Repression)

I-em-hetep, x, 11

Igneous Rocks, iii, 13, 379, xiv, 17-18;
common modes of occurrence, iii, 102 (fig.);
illustrations (Pl. 8, 9, 10);
intrusive and extrusive, xiv, 105;
intrusions in mountain ranges, 228, 230, 232-3, 234;
jointing in, 129-30;
land forms in, 44, 99-113;
oldest by nebular theory, iii, 160;
soils from, 28;
volcanic and plutonic, 106, 110, xiv, 99-100

Ignis Fatuus, i, 346-9, 375

Ignition, electric, vii, 369;
in automobiles, 130-41, 369;
in firearms, viii, 145;
temperatures of, 53-4

Iguanas, xii, 207;
boas and, 216;
color of, 204;
spiny crest of, 204

Ilkhanic Tables, ii, 39

Illinois, coal beds, iii, 199;
prairies of, xiv, 373, 383

Illinois River, sewage effects, viii, 326

Illuminating Gas, acetylene, viii, 60, 231;
burning of air in, 55, 56;
flame of, 57-9;
production, 46, 47, 252;
requisites, 60;
transfusion of blood in, poisoning from, x, 338
(see also Gas Lighting)

Illumination, art of, vi, 273;
measurement of, iv, 350-2;
unit of intensity, vii, 368
(see also Lighting, Lighting Systems)

Illusions, x, 358
(see also Hallucinations)

Illusions, Optical (see Optical Illusions)

Ilopango, Lake, draining of, xiv, 198

Images, formed by reflection, iv, 335-7;
formed by refraction, 337-9;
formation of, ix, 106-9;
real and virtual, iv, 335, 338, 339

Images (psychology), xi, 218-22
(see also After-Images)

Imagination, xi, 218-27;
due to conditioned reflexes, 202-3;
in science, xvi, 58-9

Imbeciles, reflex action in, xi, 36

Imhoff Tanks, viii, 328

Imitation, education by, xv, 66-7;
in language, 153-4;
instinct of, xi, 56;
suggestion and, 304

Immunity, against disease, ix, 179, x, 204-12;
racial, xv, 48-52

Impedance, in alternating currents, vi, 170, 171;
in oscillating circuits, vii, 289

"Imponderables," iv, 47

Impressions, first, xi, 211-12

Impulsiveness, of motor type men, xi, 157, 158-9;
will and, 264

Inanition, x, 275-7, 279

Inattention, xi, 25, 236

Inbreeding, in plants, xiii, 119-20

Incandescent Bodies, spectra of, ii, 112-13, iv, 360-3

Incandescent Lights, iv, 311

Incas of Peru, civilization in temperate climate, xv, 123;
corn in tombs, xiii, 212;
hunts of, xv, 222;
quipus of, 165, 166, (fig.)

Inclined Plane, iv, 90, v, 35-41;
primitive use of, iv, 24

Index of Refraction, in chemical analysis, viii, 310

Index Plants, i, 255

India, aborigines in black race, xv, 37;
aconite used as poison, xiii, 252;
adjutant bird of, xii, 255;
aerial photographic service, i, 46;
ancient astronomy, ii, 25, 26, xvi, 57;
ancient meteorology, i, 68, 213;
ancient science, xvi, 54, 62;
ancient sun-worship, ii, 23-4;
animals (carnivora), xii, 337, 340, 344, 345, 359, 365;
animals (herbivoral), 302, 303, 305, 308, 320, 327, 328, 330;
artificial ice in ancient, v, 349;
banana plants, xiii, 216;
betel nut, 254;
brontides, i, 195;
bubonic plague in, x, 164, 165;
Catalan forges in, v, 315;
cinnamon growing, xiii, 264;
civilization and climate, xv, 123;
coco palm of, 125;
copra production, xiii, 220;
cotton production, 237, 238;
cradle of human race, xvi, 47;
crocodiles of, xii, 199, 201;
deer-hunting in, 365, xv, 223;
dust whirlwinds, i, 60;
earthquake of, xiv, 333 (see Great Indian Earthquake);
famines, xiii, 214;
forests, government-controlled, 372;
former trade routes, xiv, 307, 309;
glacial deposits, iii, 203;
hailstorms, i, 120;
Himalayas as protection to, xv, 137;
ideas of eclipses, ii, 209;
jungle fowls of, xii, 261;
jute production, xiii, 241, 243;
monkeys of, xii, 379;
monsoons, importance, i, 66-7, 131, 218, xiv, 350-1;
monuments and records, ii, 24;
music of, xv, 314
native marriage customs, 282;
peoples and civilization, xvi, 53-4;
pipal tree, xiii, 108;
plains of, xiv, 47, 217;
polyandry in, xv, 286;
poppy growing, xiii, 253;
quinine production, 251;
rainy seasons, xiv, 352;
rattan palm, xiii, 27, 361;
religious cults, ix, 266;
religious philosophy, xi, 116;
rice in, xiii, 213;
rivers of, xiv, 195-6;
rubber growing, xiii, 247, 248;
serpents of, xii, 214, 219, 228-9, 231;
smallpox inoculation in, x, 100;
sugar production, xiii, 215;
Suttee in, xv, 335;
tarpon of, xii, 154;
tea cultivation, xiii, 228;
telegraph plant, 114;
tobacco production, 258;
tortoises of, xii, 191;
weather conditions, distant causes, i, 241;
wine palm, xiii, 53
(see also Hindus)

Indiana, glacial drift in, xiv, 69, 170;
limestone quarries, iii, 371-2;
prairies of, xiv, 373

Indian Corn, American origin, xiv, 382;
history and uses, xiii, 211-13;
prop roots, 20 (fig.);
stem, 183
(see also Corn)

Indian Meteorological Dept., i, 241

Indian Ocean, extent of, xiv, 22;
monsoons of, 350-1;
salt in, viii, 139;
sharks of, xii, 146;
tortoises on islands of, 192

Indian Pipe Plant, xiii, 99, 202

Indians, American, acuteness of vision, vi, 272-3;
arrows of, xv, 196 (fig.);
basket-weaving of, 248;
bows of, 214 (fig.);
canoe-making, 262;
cattle-raising stage absent, 187, 199;
chiefs, 364;
color of, 37;
corn-growing, xiii, 211-12, 212-13, xv, 201 (fig.);
dogs used in hunting, 223;
domestic animals lacking to, 199;
dramatic ceremonies and plays of, 305-6, 306-7, 308;
fear of pogonip, i, 96;
fertilizing method of, xv, 202;
guardian spirits, 348-9;
hair of, 37;
Happy Hunting Grounds of, 333;
"hiqua" money of, xii, 74;
language deficiencies, xv, 144;
lodgepoles of, xiv, 374;
long houses of, xv, 267;
marriage practices, 283-4, 284;
measles and, 48;
mineral springs used by, xiv, 145;
note to Jenner, x, 103;
painting of faces by, xv, 256;
pottery of, 250 (fig.), 252 (fig.);
prairie firing, xiii, 374;
prayers of, xv, 346-7;
religious beliefs, xvi, 44;
signal fires, xv, 165-6;
sign language, 148-51;
sign writing, 172, 173 (fig.);
stone pestles of, 238 (fig.);
tents of, 266;
tomahawks of, 208;
tree-felling by, 262;
tribal morality of, 374;
tribes in mountains, 129-30;
unions among, 363;
weaving of, 247 (fig.), 301 (fig.)
(see also South American Indians)

Indian Summer, i, 361-2, 363, 375

India-rubber, elasticity of, iv, 36;
low temperature effects, i, 31

Indicators, chemical, viii, 114, 294, 378

Indigestion, causes and results, ix, 238-42;
from worry, 165, 167;
mental effects, xi, 369-70

Indigo (color), ix, 115;
changed to indigo white, viii, 259

Indirect Lighting, vi, 277, vii, 70

Indium, symbol and atomic weight, viii, 383

Individuals, differences in, ix, 327, xi, 152-9;
influence of, in history, 333;
inheritance of extreme characters, xvi, 154;
moral control, 48;
new species from variations of, xiii, 325, 328-9;
psychology in crowds, xi, 324, 325-30;
transmission of acquired characters, ix, 325-6

Indo-China, food plant source, xiii, 221;
python of, xii, 214

Indo-Chinese, in yellow race, xv, 37

Indo-European Languages, xv, 161, 162

Induced Currents, iv, 303-9

Induced Voltages, vii, 370

Inductance, defined, vi, 91, 166;
in direct and alternating currents, 166-7, 169;
flashes caused by, 102, 312;
in induction motors, 248;
in telephone lines, vii, 104;
in wireless communication, 264, 286-7, 289, 293-5, 296-7

Inductance Coils, vii, 105, 264, 266, 267

Induction, charging by, vi, 290-2, 297-301;
discovery, 22, 23;
electrification by, iv, 260;
electrodynamic and static, vii, 370;
law of, vi, 313;
Lenz's Law, vii, 371;
magnetization by, iv, 243;
self, vii, 375;
unit of, iv, 285

Induction, Proof by, xi, 242

Induction Coils, iv, 265, 303-5, vii, 364, 370;
in automobiles, 133-4;
in electrotherapy, 242-4, 245;
in wireless telegraphy, iv, 313, 314

Induction Machines, vi, 292, 298-301, vii, 245

Induction Motors, vi, 241, 242-56;
in motor-generator sets, 332, 342

Induction Regulators, vi, 328-9, 346

Inductivity, vi, 293-4

Industrial Plants, advantages of electricity, vii, 51-3;
lighting, 52;
wiring, 57

Industrial Psychology, xi, 358-67

Industry, electricity in, vi, 195-6, 381;
energy sources, viii, 267-8;
metals of, 154;
motors most used, vi, 241;
science in, xvi, 9-10;
water power and, vi, 352

Inertia, defined, vi, 90-1, vii, 370;
examples of, iv, 35, 62, 66, 67, v, 148, 234, 336-9;
in electrical currents (see Inductance);
in perception errors, xi, 184, 189;
law of, ii, 62, iv, 19-20, 61-2;
of æther, vi, 120;
of ear, xi, 105;
of sense organs, 71

Infancy, period of, x, 283, xvi, 79

Infantile Paralysis, germ of, x, 200, 202;
immunity to, 207

Infants, ape-like structures in, xv, 61;
bodily condition and care of, ix, 345-52;
clothing of, x, 309;
grasping reflex, xi, 40-3;
heart rate in, x, 334;
learning to breathe, xi, 36-7;
learning to fixate, 39-40;
learning to swallow, 38;
milk modifications, viii, 363;
nervous system in, ix, 344, 348-9;
new-born, free from germs, x, 201;
new-born, weight of, ix, 31;
periodic breathing in, x, 340;
skull capacity in, xv, 40;
space perceptions, xi, 162-3, 166

Infections, ix, 177-8, x, 193;
by germs, x, 193, 204;
body resistance to, 197-8, 203-12;
body resistance to, ix, 177-9, 185-6;
exhaustion from, ix, 59-60;
focal, x, 198-9, 218-26;
in surgery, prevention of, 14, 123, 145-7, 181-3;
local and general, 198;
"portals" of, 198, 201-2;
pus, ix, 186-8

Infectious Diseases, x, 193-226;
atmospheric electricity and, i, 330;
danger from, 326;
heredity and, x, 234-5;
immunity to, 204-12, ix, 179;
infants' susceptibility to, ix, 352;
pain in, 87;
Pasteur and Koch's work, xvi, 184;
prevention and treatment, x, 217-18, 285-302
(see also Antitoxins, Inoculation, Vaccination);
ticks as cause of, xii, 98;
transmission and history of various, x, 153-70

Infinity, meaning, xi, 191, 196

Inflammations, germ-produced, x, 195;
terms used to define, 30

Influence Machines, vi, 292, 298-301, vii, 372;
in therapeutics, 236

Influenza, x, 294-5;
from chilling, 306;
immunity to, 207;
present knowledge of, 153, xv, 48

Infra-red Rays, iv, 365, 366

Ingersoll, Dr. E., author Zoölogy, Vol. xii

Ingots, steel, v, 322;
"pipes" in, 323

Injections, subcutaneous, ix, 59

Injectors, of boilers, v, 140-2, 380

Ink, Acheson's, vii, 301

Innominate Bone, ix, 63 (fig.), 66-7

Inoculation, early practice of, x, 207;
for anthrax and rabies, 141-2;
for smallpox, 100-3
(see also Vaccination)

Inorganic, defined, viii, 378

Inorganic Chemical Industries, viii, 267-84

Inorganic Compounds, colors of, viii, 312;
solubility in water, 37, 111-12

Inorganic Matter, plant use of, viii, 339, 349, xiii, 14, 79, 81

Inorganic Nature, chemical inactivity, viii, 267

Insanity, definition and symptoms, x, 357-9;
former ideas and treatment, 11, 356-7;
increase of, xv, 27;
increase prevention, x, 235-6;
Pinel's treatment, 110-11;
primitive conceptions of, xv, 350, 353

Insecticides, arsenic, viii, 169

Insectivora, xii, 366-8;
lemurs and, 376

Insects, xii, 99-126;
capture of, by plants, xiii, 39-41;
classification, iii, 260, 276;
cold effects on, ix, 306;
evolution, iii, 20, 257, 279, xii, 104-7;
flower fertilization by, xiii, 48, 123-46, 318, xvi, 152-3;
fossil remains, iii, 16, 279-80;
hearing of sounds by, iv, 204;
jaws in, xii, 106;
larvæ affected by light, x, 253;
musical, xii, 109-10;
number of species, 99;
popular definition, 90;
primitive groups, 104-7;
protective coloration in, xv, 17-18;
reproduction in, xii, 104;
respiration in, 103;
structure of, 99-103;
studies of, xvi, 143-4;
tool-using by, v, 10-11

Inside Passage, xiv, 258-9

Insomnia, xi, 288-91;
caused by vasoconstrictor activity, ix, 218-19;
exhaustion from, xi, 59-60

Inspiration, as intuition, xi, 245;
Titchener on, 226

Instincts, defined, xi, 46-8;
fundamental, 49-56, xv, 185;
in man and animals, 65-6;
reflex nature, xi, 48-9;
self-preserving, x, 9-10, 282-3

Instrument-Shelter, i, 375

Instrument Transformers, vii, 44, 165

Insular Climate, xiv, 347

Insulation, importance, vi, 9-10;
in dynamos, 192, 211-12;
types of wire, vii, 58

Insulators, electrical, iv, 259, vi, 294-5, vii, 370;
pin and suspension types, 15-16

Insulators, heat, iv, 178, vii, 307-8

Insults, emotions from, xi, 150

Insurance, weather, i, 269-70, 344

Intake-Output Test, x, 379

Intellectual Processes, in brain, ix, 147-53, 154

Intelligence, artificial selection of, xvi, 154;
mental economy and, xi, 377;
instinct and, 46, 47, 50;
nervous organization and, 13

Intelligence Tests, xi, 359-60

Intemperance, arteries injured by, ix, 214

Intensity, electric, vii, 370

Intensity, of sounds, iv, 211

Interborough Rapid Transit Company, great alternators, vi, 216, 378-9;
synchronized plants, 384

Interchangeable System, v, 48-52, 53-4, 55-6

Interest, advertising value, xi, 345-6;
associations determined by, 203, 205-6;
attention and, 235-6;
fatigue and, 275;
in salesmanship, 341-2

Interference of Light, iv, 376-8

Interference of Sounds, iv, 218-22

Interferometer, ii, 151, 323

Interior Lighting Systems, vi, 275-8, vii, 68-72

Interior Wiring, vii, 51-72;
insulators in, 370

Interlaken, Switzerland, lakes at, xiv, 202

Internal Combustion Engines, v, 155-70;
in aeroplanes, 231;
in automobiles, 213;
in submarines, 199;
efficiency, securing of, xvi, 135;
Joule's equivalent and, 132-3

Internal Senses, ix, 86-91

Interoceptive Senses, xi, 63

Interpoles, of dynamos, vi, 190-1

Interurban Traction, vii, 181;
automatic substations, 192-3;
cars and motors, 186;
voltage drop, 189

Intestinal Stasis, x, 220

Intestines, ix, 233 (fig.);
development in black and white races, xv, 50;
emotion effects on, xi, 135, 137;
functions of, viii, 356-7, 358;
functions, operations, and disorders of, ix, 232-4, 236-8, 242-52, x,
325-9;
germs in, ix, 247-9, x, 193, 194, 201, 287-8;
infections through, x, 198, 220, 221;
in infants, ix, 346;
inflammation of, cause, x, 224;
length in animals and man, ix, 246;
mucous membrane, functions of, x, 347;
position in circulatory system, ix, 196 (fig.), 198;
smooth muscles in, 74, 160-1, 162

Intrenched Meanders, xiv, 165

Intrusive Rocks, xiv, 105

Intrusive Sheets (sills), xiv, 108

Intuition, xi, 245-6;
Bergson on, xvi, 196

Inventions, imagination in, xvi, 59;
inspiration and labor in, xi, 226;
method of great, xvi, 98;
misuse of ancient, v, 15-16, 111;
necessity and laziness in, 282;
production increased by, 17-18;
pure science preliminary to, iv, 44-5;
summary of mechanical, v, 376-84;
war as stimulus to, 12, 359-60, 375

Inverse Time Relays and Switches, vii, 37, 39-40, 41, 42

Invertases, viii, 357

Invertebrates, xii, 127;
age of, iii, 20;
largest, xii, 80

Invincible Armada, xiv, 280

Inyo Earthquake, iii, 225

Iodine, a halogen, viii, 18, 84-5, 86;
as antiseptic, 333;
atomic weight and symbol, 383;
classification place, 182, 183;
indicator uses, 294;
in seaweed, 197;
manufacture of, 274;
physical state and, chemical properties, 22, 297-8;
test of, 290;
thyroid secretion of, x, 351

Iodoform, viii, 52, 212

Ion-Counters, i, 142-3, 375

Ionic Reactions, viii, 119-25

Ionization, vi, 133-5, vii, 247, 248, 370;
defined, viii, 378;
electron theory, 188;
in electric precipitation, vii, 348-9;
of atmosphere, i, 142-4, 146, 150;
of solutions, viii, 119-25, 300-1;
origin of theory, 296, 300-1

Ionogens, viii, 122, 125, 378

Ions, iv, 382, vii, 370, viii, 378;
in electric batteries, vi, 133, vii, 247;
number in air, i, 142-3;
of solutions, viii, 120-4, 286-90;
origin of name, 124;
positive and negative, i, 142, vii, 247, 370

Iowa, glacial deposits, iii, 241;
gypsum deposits, 376;
loess deposits, xiv, 72;
porous rocks beneath, iii, 114;
soil of, xiv, 383;
wells, iii, 118, 119, 125

Ireland, Alpine invasion, xvi, 49;
coast formations, xiv, 24, 47, 249, 251, 257;
continental island in character, 273;
"Emerald Isle," 352;
eskers and drumlins, 59, 60;
former volcanoes, 318;
Ice Age in, xv, 74;
lakes of, xiv, 200;
lava plateau of, 104;
potato in, xiii, 218;
rainfall in, xiv, 41, 352;
scurvy and potato crop, x, 266;
snakes in, xii, 217

Iridescence, cause of, xii, 245

Iridium, viii, 173, 383

Iridocytes, xii, 135

Iris, xiii, 22-3, 57 (fig.)

Iris Family, xiii, 189

Irish, pre-Nordic, xvi, 49

Irish Language, xv, 162

Irish Potato, xiii, 218, 219

Irish School, of Medicine, x, 112

Irish Wakes, xv, 336

Iron, affinity strength, viii, 128;
antiquity of use, v, 314-15;
atomic weight of, viii, 180, 383;
body use of, ix, 184, x, 256;
cast and wrought, v, 316-17;
cast and wrought, viii, 157, 158, 159;
castings of, iv, 150;
density of, 111;
electrical conductivity, 283, vi, 77;
electrical positiveness, 59;
electrolytic refining, vii, 320;
expansion on solidifying, iv, 150;
expansion rate, 145-6;
extraction from ores, viii, 271;
fusibility, 384;
galvanized, vii, 318-19, viii, 155-6, 273;
heat conduction by, iv, 179;
importance, v, 314, viii, 156;
in blood, 354;
in chlorophyll, xiii, 79-80;
in earth's crust, iii, 308, viii, 19, 129, 192;
in earth's interior, xiv, 11;
magnetic, iv, 242, 243 (fig.);
magnetization, 243, 245, 251, 287-8, vi, 35-6;
melting point and requirements, iv, 162, 163;
metallography of, viii, 273-4;
meteoric, ii, 292;
meteoric, in deep sea, iii, 55;
ores and occurrence, 355-9, viii, 47, 130, 148, 156, 198;
ores, profitable, 197;
plant needs of, 337, 341;
properties of, 126-7, 154;
rusting, iii, 25, viii, 9, 13, 155-6;
sheet tin, 161;
shortness, hot and cold, iii, 356;
sound velocity in, iv, 201;
specific gravity of, 109, viii, 384;
specific heat, 308;
symbol, 383;
test for, 287, 288-9;
valences, 161, 189

Iron Age, xvi, 51;
tools of, 47

Iron Compounds, viii, 160-1

Iron Industry, history, xvi, 174-6;
processes in, v, 315-18, viii, 157-9, 273, 345

Ironing Machines, Electric, vii, 82-3

Iron Oxides, viii, 13, 156, 157;
in pigments, 265;
in rock decay, iii, 25, 27;
in soils, iii, 28;
removal in steel-making, v, 320;
rock coloring due to, iii, 25-6, 27, 44

Iron Pyrites, iii, 335, viii, 156, 198;
in wireless detectors, vii, 269

Irons, Electric, vii, 77

Iron Ships, floating of, iv, 104-5;
magnetization of, 254

Iron Structures, magnetization of, iv, 253

Iroquois, Lake, iii, 149, 150

Iroquois Indians, and Mohawk Valley, xiv, 194;
power of women among, xv, 295;
union in nation, 363

Irrationality of Dispersion, ii, 101

Irrigation, development of methods, v, 239;
in Egypt, 18-19, 178;
electrical methods, vii, 231;
in relation to critical periods, i, 250;
sewage disposal by, viii, 327;
snow sources, i, 118

Irritability (life), doctrine of, x, 86, 87, 88

Isallobars, i, 238

Ischia Earthquake, xiv, 339

Isinglass, iii, 334

Islands, classes, continental and oceanic, xiv, 271-9;
formed on coasts, 251-2, 256, 258;
historical importance, 281-2, xv, 137;
new volcanic, xiv, 319;
overpopulation of, 282;
plants of oceanic, xiii, 348;
tidal races produced by coastal, xiv, 294

Isobaric Elements, viii, 189

Isobars, i, 125, 375-6;
classification, 238;
spacing, 126;
winds in relation to, 126

Isohyet, defined, i, 376

Isohyetal Charts, i, 206

Isomer, defined, x, 137

Isomerism, defined, viii, 378

Isomorphism, viii, 313

Isothermal, defined, iv, 382

Isothermal Changes, in gases, iv, 156, 159

Isothermal Layer (atmosphere), i, 19

Isotherms, i, 206, 207, 376;
barriers to plants and animals, xiv, 364

Isotopic Elements, viii, 189

Israelites, "Cities of Refuge," xv, 369;
life of, 199

Italian Honeysuckle, xiii, 142-3

Italian Language, descent from Latin, xv, 160, 162;
musical terms from, 161

Italians, in Alpine group, xvi, 49

Italy, Adriatic coast, xiv, 252, 263;
aeronautical weather service, i, 230, 304;
Alps Mountains and, xiv, 244-5, xv, 138;
"blood showers," i, 55;
boric acid sources, viii, 90;
brontides, i, 196;
bubonic plague measures, x, 164;
buffalo use in, xii, 329;
earthquakes of, xiv, 332, 340-1;
former connection with Tunis, 291;
geographical changes in, 33;
hail-shooting, i, 341, 342, 343;
lakes, beauty of, xiv, 200;
lakes, breezes of, i, 132;
mercury production, iii, 370;
meteorological observations, i, 68-9, 213;
Napoleon's campaigns in, xiv, 244;
paper-making, v, 290;
rainfall, xiv, 358;
Renaissance and science in, ii, 12-13;
rice growing, xiii, 214;
sea captains of, xiv, 310;
volcanic power, v, 179-80;
in World War, xiv, 244-5, 252-3, xv, 138;
in World War, medical preparedness, x, 176

Itching, sensation of, ix, 92-3, xi, 109, 114

Ivory, elasticity of, iv, 36;
sources of, xii, 302, 303

Izalco Volcano, xiv, 321, 325

Jackals, xii, 339-40;
dogs and, 344;
ears of, 346

Jack-in-the-Pulpit, in arum family, xiii, 188;
flower, 52 (fig.);
leaves, 183 (fig.);
stems, 23 (fig.)

Jacks, Hydraulic, v, 100, 101, 124, 260

Jackson, Dr. Charles T., x, 124, 125

Jackson, James, x, 116, xvi, 185

Jacquard Loom, v, 280-2, 377

Jade, iii, 322-3;
pyroxene, 336

Jaguars, xii, 360-2

Jaguarundi, xii, 364

Jamaica Earthquake, cause, xiv, 340

James, William, on associations, xi, 204-6;
on attention, 232;
on emotions, 141;
on habit, 255-6, 256-7;
on instincts, 48;
on memory, 208;
on stream of consciousness, 193;
on will and action, 264;
on complexity of life, x, 244;
on seasickness, 242;
on outdoor treatment, 241;
pragmatic philosophy, xvi, 196

James, W. T., link motion invention, v, 208, 379

James, I. Harvey, physician to, x, 62;
of England, submarine trips, v, 196-7

James River Valley, N. D., wells in, xiv, 12, 139

Janet, Dr. P., x, 360-1

Janssen, Jules, astronomer, ii, 114, 127, 180-1;
station on Mt. Blanc, 142

January Thaws, i, 363, 376

Japan, Ainus of, xvi, 64;
beriberi in, ix, 35, x, 257;
brown bears of, xii, 336;
copper production, iii, 360;
earthquakes of, xiv, 332, 341;
earthquake studies in, 337, 342;
geology of, 125;
ginkgo tree in temples, xiii, 315;
goat antelope of, xii, 325;
historical development from insulation, xiv, 281;
idea of eclipses in, ii, 209;
octopod fishing, xii, 78;
railway bridges, earthquake construction, xiv, 342;
rice, xiii, 213;
tea cultivation, 228;
temperate rain forests, 372;
tidal waves, xiv, 337;
trees of, 377;
volcanic eruption effects, i, 57, 59

Japan Current, xiv, 304

Japanese, artificial immunity practiced by, xv, 49;
food and stature of, xiii, 172;
in yellow race, xv, 37;
tattooing among, xv, 258

Japanese Earthquake, iii, 94;
fault formed by, xiv, 334, 335

Jasper, iii, 337

Jaundice, cause of, ix, 243;
epidemic, x, 201

Java, ancient man-ape of, iii, 302, xv, 88-92;
bats and fruits of, xii, 370;
cinnamon production, xiii, 264;
continental island, xiv, 274;
tea cultivation, xiii, 228;
transplanting rice in, (illus.) 208;
zoölogy of, xiv, 274-5

Javelins, Roman, xv, 213

Jaws, bones and functions of, ix, 62-3;
deformities of, results, 228;
in aged people, 57;
in apes and men, xv, 62;
of primitive men, 91, 92, 95;
protruding, classification by, 43-5

Jealousy, absent in polygamous countries, xv, 288;
sentiment of, xi, 149-50

Jefferson, Thomas, on climatic changes, i, 201;
on standard muskets, v, 49;
vaccination interests, x, 102

Jelly-Fishes, iii, 259, 266-7, xii, 35-7;
coelenterates, 26;
phosphorescence of, 18, 19

Jenkins, C. Francis, v, 330

Jenner, Edward, x, 99-103, xvi, 126-7, 184;
love affair, x, 95;
pupil of John Hunter, x, 94, 99;
vaccination discovery, x, 100-2, 122, 207-8

Jerboas, xii, 289-90

Jesuits, meteorological services, i, 213, 223;
survey of China, xvi, 123

Jewelweed, seed dispersal, xiii, 56

Jewish Medicine, x, 15-16

Jews, of Asia and Europe, xvi, 64;
circumcision, untransmitted, x, 230;
history in relation to Ghor of Syria, xiv, 121;
immunity from trichina, xv, 49;
polygamy among, 289;
prepotency in crosses, x, 230

Jew's Harp, iv, 232

Jibon River, Salvador, xiv, 198

Jihar River, xiv, 185

John Daniel, orang-utan, xvi, 25

"John H. Grindle", (fish), xii, 152

John of Gaddesden, x, 41