Chapter XXXII: Part 32

The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton. 4. (Chem.) To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine. 5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. Ð To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed. Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat. 2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn. 3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6. Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.] A small stream. [Scot.] Burn¶aÏble (?), a. Combustible. Cotgrave. Burned (?), p.p. & a. See Burnt. Burned (?), p.p. Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer. Burn¶er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything. 2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burnerÿ(Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. Ð Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc. Bur¶net (?), n. [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zo”l.), in England, a handsome moth (Zyg‘na filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. Ð Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. Ð Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). Ð Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis. Bur¶nettÏize (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnettized (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; Ð a process invented by Sir William Burnett. Burn¶ie (?), n. [See 4th Burn.] A small brook. [Scot.] Burns. Bur¶nieÏbee· (?), n. The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.] Burn¶ing, a. 1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery. 2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Eunoymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry. Burn¶ing, n. The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. Ð Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. Ð Burning houseÿ(Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. Ð Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass. Syn. - Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze. Bur¶nish (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Burnished (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burnishing.] [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br?n; cf. MHG. briunen 8make brown, polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars. Bur¶nish, v.i. To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert. Bur¶nish, n. The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw. Bur¶nishÏer (?), n. 1. One who burnishes. 2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses. Bur¶noose, Bur¶nous (?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of highÐcrowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. alÐbornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs. 2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.] Burn¶stic·kle (?), n. (Zo”l.) A stickle?back (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Burnt (?), p.p. & a. Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. Ð Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam.xxiv.22.] Burr (?), n. [See Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1. 2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson. 3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down. 4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping. 5. The lobe or lap of the ear. 6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; Ð often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr. 7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8. Burr (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burred (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burring.] To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning. Bur¶rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurr‚ butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, its smooth, delicious, soft pulp. Bur¶rel, n. Same as Borrel. Bur¶rel fly· (?). [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zo”l.) The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly. Bur¶rel shot· (?). [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourrelerÿto sting, torture.] (Gun.) A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.] Burr¶ing maÏchine¶ (?). A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and otherÿsubstances. Burr¶ mill¶stone· (?). See Buhrstone. Bur¶ro (?), n. [Sp., an ass.] (Zo”l.) A donkey. [Southern U.S.] Bur¶rock (?), n. [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + Ïock.] A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight. Bur¶row (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough. 2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation. 3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse. 4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5. Bur¶row, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burrowed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burrowing.] 1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits. 2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owlÿ(Zo”l.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog. Bur¶rowÏer (?), n. One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under groundÿand lives in it. Burr¶stone·, n. See Buhrstone. Burr¶y (?), a. Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool. ØBur¶sa (?), n.; pl. Burs‘ (?). [L. See Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences. Bur¶sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs‘. Bur¶sar (?), n. [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery. 2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support. Bur¶sarÏship, n. The office of a bursar. Bur¶saÏry (?), n.; pl. Ïries (?). [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.] 1. The treasury of a college or monastery. 2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. ½No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift.¸ Southey. ØBursch (?), n.; pl. Burschen (?). [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth; especially, a student in a german university. Burse (?), n. [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland. 2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.] 3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use. Shipley. 4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse. 5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play. BurÏsic¶uÏlate (?), a. [See Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform. Bur¶siÏform (?), a. [LL. bursa purse + Ïform.] Shaped like a purse. ØBurÏsi¶tis (?), n. [NL., fr. E. bursa + Ïitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a bursa. Burst (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Burst; p.pr. & vb.n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b‘rst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especiallyÿto a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak. 2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; Ð usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

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Burst (?), v.t. 1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak. 2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst? Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso). 3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge. Burst, n. 1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of foxÐhunting melody. W.Irving. 2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed. 3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] ½A fine burst of country.¸ Jane Austen. 4. A rupture of hernia; a breach. Burst¶en (?), p.p. of Burst, v.i. [Obs.] Burst¶er (?), n. One that bursts. Burst¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture. Burt (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Birt. [Prov. Eng.] Bur¶then (?), n. & v.t. See Burden. [Archaic] Bur¶ton (?), n. [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bortÿto press or indent anything.] (Naut.) A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part. Bur¶y (?), n. [See 1st Borough.] 1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; Ð used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury, Shrewsbury. 2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege. Bur¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buried (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Burying (?).] [OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth. ba¡rgan. û95. Cf. Burrow.] 1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton. 2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place,ÿwith funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt.viii.21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak. 3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetleÿ(Zo”l.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; Ð so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larv‘ frrd upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. Ð To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; Ð a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace. Syn. - To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress. Bur¶yÏing ground·, Bur¶yÏing place. The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place. Bus (?), n. [Abbreviated from omnibus.] An omnibus. [Colloq.] Bus¶by (?), n.; pl. Busbies (?). (Mil.) A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder. ØBus¶con (?), n. [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.] One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.] Bush (?), n. [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b?skr, b?ski, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form i? the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.] 1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest. µ This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush. 2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs. To bind a bush of thorns among sweetÐsmelling flowers. Gascoigne. 3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines. 4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branchÿof ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shak. 5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a roundÐabout manner, instead of coming directly to it; Ð a metaphor taken from hunting. Ð Bush beanÿ(Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1. Ð Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zo”l.), a beautiful South African antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); Ð so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to otherÿspecies. Ð Bush cat (Zo”l.), the serval. See Serval. Ð Bush chat (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family. Ð Bush dog. (Zo”l.) See Potto. Ð Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary. Ð Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow. Ð Bush hog (Zo”l.), a South African wild hog (PotamochÒrus Africanus); Ð called also bush pig, and water hog. Ð Bush master (Zo”l.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; Ð called also surucucu. Ð Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed. Ð Bush shrike (Zo”l.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; Ð called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America. Ð Bush titÿ(Zo”l.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California. Bush (?), v.i. To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. ½The bushing alders.¸ Pope. Bush, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bushed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bushing.] 1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas. 2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground. Bush, n. [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.] 1. (Mech.) A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight. µ In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box, particularly in the United States. 2. (Gun.) A piece of ??pper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored. Farrow. Bush, v.t. To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole. Bush¶boy (?), n. See Bushman. Bush¶el (?), n. [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel, boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. ?. Cf. Box.] 1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirtyÐtwo quarts. µ The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18? inches in internal diameter and eight inches in depth. The standard bushel measures, prepared by the United States Government and distributed to the States, hold each 77.6274 pounds of distilled water, at 39.8ø Fahr. and 30 inches atmospheric pressure, being the equivalent of the Winchester bushel. The imperial bushel now in use in England is larger than the Winchester bushel, containing 2218.2 cubic inches, or 80 pounds of water at 62ø Fahr. 2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick? Mark iv.21. 3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples. µ In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel. 4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden. 5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush. Bush¶elÏage (?), n. A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.] Bush¶elÏman (?), n. A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; Ð called also busheler. [Local, U.S.] Bush¶et (?), n. [See Bosket.] A small bush. Bush¶fight·er (?), n. One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman. Bush¶fight·ing (?), n. Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets. Bush¶ham·mer (?), n. A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; Ð used for dressing stone. Bush¶ham·mer, v.t. To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite. Bush¶iÏness (?), n. The condition or quality of being bushy. Bush¶ing, n. [See 4th Bush.] 1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc. 2. (Mech.) A bush or lining; Ð sometimes called ? thimble. See 4th Bush. Bush¶less (?), a. Free from bushes; bare. O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson. Bush¶man (?), n.; pl. Bushmen (?). [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st Bush.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush. 2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people. Bush¶ment (?), n. [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.] 1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh. 2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T.More. Bush¶ran·ger (?), n. One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush. Bush¶whack·er (?), n. 1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W.Irving. 2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow. Bush¶whack·ing, n. 1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream. [U.S.] T.Flint. 2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.] Bush¶y (?), a. [From 1st Bush.] 1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. ½Bushy eyebrows.¸ Irving. 2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs. Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton. Bus¶iÏly (?), adv. In a busy manner. Busi¶ness (?), n.; pl. Businesses (?). [From Busy.] 1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure. Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business? Luke ii.49. 2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. ½The business of instruction.¸ Prescott. 3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions. It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus. 4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission. The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak. What business has the tortoise among the clouds? L'Estrange. 5. Affair; concern; matter; Ð used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words. It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women. Shak. Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak. 6. (Drama) The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal. 7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. Ð To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] Ð To mean business, to be earnest. [Colloq.] Syn. - Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty. Busi¶nessÏlike· (?), a. In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods. Busk (?), n. [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F. b–che, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.] A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset. Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston. Busk, v.t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Busked (?).] [OE. busken, fr. Icel. b?ask to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b?a to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th Bound.] 1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.] Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton. 2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.] Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton. Busked (?), a. Wearing a busk. Pollok. Bus¶ket (?), n. [See Bosket, Bouquet.] 1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.] Bus¶kin (?), n. [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See Brodekin.] 1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg. The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well supplied. Sir W.Scott. 2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; Ð worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy. Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden. Bus¶kined (?), a. 1. Wearing buskins. Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope. 2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. ½The buskined stage.¸ Milton. Bus¶ky (?), a. See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak. Buss (?), n. [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov. G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.] A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

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Buss (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bussed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bussing.] To kiss; esp. to kiss with a snÏmack, or rudely. ½Nor bussed the milking maid.¸ Tennyson. Kissing and bussing differ both in this, We buss our wantons, but our wives we kiss. Herrick. Buss, n. [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. bse, D. buis.] (Naut.) A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; Ð used in the herring fishery. The Dutch whalers and herring busses. Macaulay. Bust (?), n. [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box, of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E. chest. See Bushel.] 1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast. Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. Pope. 2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body. Bus¶tard (?), n. [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; ½proxim‘ its sunt, quas Hispania aves tardas appellat, Gr‘cia ?.¸] (Zo”l.) A birdÿof the genus Otis. µ The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many otherÿspecies are known in Asia and Africa. Bus¶ter (?), n. Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. Bus¶tle (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bustled (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bustling (?).] [Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysgÐianÿto busy + the verbal termination Ïle; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.] To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd. And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shak. Bus¶tle, n. Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement. A strange bustle and disturbance in the world. South. Bus¶tle, n. A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; Ð called also bishop, and tournure. Bus¶tler (?), n. An active, stirring person. Bus¶tling (?), a. Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd. ½A bustling wharf.¸ Hawthorne. ØBus¶to (?), n.; pl. Bustoes (?). [It.] A bust; a statue. With some antick bustoes in the niches. Ashmole. Bus¶y (?), a. [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr. bh?shÿto be active, busy.] 1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant. Sir, my mistress sends you word THat she is busy, and she can not come. Shak. 2. Constantly at work; diligent; active. Busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Religious motives ... are so busy in the heart. Addison. 3. Crowded with business or activities; Ð said of places and times; as, a busy street. ToÐmorrow is a busy day. Shak. 4. Officious; meddling; foolish active. On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. Shak. 5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. - Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged. Bus¶y (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Busied (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Busying.] [AS. bysgian.] To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to busy one's self with books. Be it thy course to busy giddy minds With foreign quarrels. Shak. Bus¶yÏbod·y (?), n.; pl. Busybodies (?). One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person. And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not. 1 Tim.v.13. But (?), prep., adv. & conj. [OE. bute, buten, AS. b?tan, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. beÏ + ?tan outward, without, fr. ?t out. Primarily, b?tan, as well as ?t, is an adverb. û198. See By, Out; cf. About.] 1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.] So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or ?ampling on his inferiors. Fuller. Touch not the cat but a glove. Motto of the Mackintoshes. 2. Except; besides; save. Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon? E.Smith. µ In this sense, but is often used with other particles, as, but for, without, had it not been for. ½Uncre?ted but for love divine.¸ Young. 3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; Ð elliptical, for but that. And but my noble Moor is true of mind ... it were enough to put him to ill thinking. Shak. 4. Otherwise than that; that not; Ð commonly, after a negative, with that. It cannot be but nature hatj some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways. Hooker. There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses. Addison. 5. Only; solely; merely. Observe but how their own principles combat one another. Milton. If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings vii.4. A formidable man but to his friends. Dryden. 6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; Ð as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind. Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor.xiii.13. When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom. Prov.xi.2. All but. See under All. Ð But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek ?. But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; ... the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him. Luke xii.45, 46. Ð But if, unless. [Obs.] Chaucer. But this I read, that but if remedy Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see. Spenser. Syn. - But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but, and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However. µ ½The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,.¸ Bain. But (?), n. [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.] The outer apartment or kitchen of a twoÐroomed house; Ð opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.] But, n. [See 1st But.] 1. A limit; a boundary. 2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt. But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See Butt, n. But, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] See Butt, v., and Abut, v. Bu¶tane (?), n. [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C?H?, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series. Butch¶er (?), n. [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.] 1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food. 2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. ½Butcher of an innocent child.¸ Shak. Butcher bird (Zo”l.), a species of shrike of the genus Lanius. µ The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher birdÿof Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird. The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it. Ð Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork. Butch¶er, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Butchered (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Butchering.] 1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to butcher hogs. 2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner. Macaulay. [Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered. Ford. Butch¶erÏing, n. 1. The business of a butcher. 2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly. That dreadful butchering of one another. Addison. Butch¶erÏliÏness (?), n. Butchery quality. Butch¶erÏly, a. Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. ½The victim of a butcherly murder.¸ D.Webster. What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, This deadly quarrel daily doth beget! Shak. Butch¶er's broom· (?). (Bot.) A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll. Butch¶erÏy (?), n. [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See Butcher, n.] 1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.] 2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter. Shak. The perpetration of human butchery. Prescott. 3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed. [Obs.] Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery. Fabyan. Syn. - Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre. But¶ler (?), n. [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottleÐbearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow vessel.] An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house. The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt. Gen.xl.5. Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad. Pope. But¶lerÏage (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; Ð so called because paid to the king's butler for the king. Blackstone. But¶lerÏship, n. The office of a butler. But¶ment (?), n. [Abbreviation of Abutment.] 1. (Arch.) A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. (Masonry) The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported. Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear. Knight. Butt, But (?), n. [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F. bouter;ÿof German origin; cf. OHG. bÓzan, akin to E. beat. See Beat, v.t.] 1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end. Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost sail. Shak. µ As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal. 2. The thicker end of anything. See But. 3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W.Scott. The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden. 4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the butt of the company. I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart. Addison. 5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram. 6. A thrust in fencing. To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior. 7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field. The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill. 8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; Ð also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half?coupling fastened to the end of a hose. 9. (Shipbuilding) The joint where two planks in a strake meet. 10. (Carp.) A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; Ð so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge. 11. (Leather Trade) The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks. 12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. Ð Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See Butt end, under 2d But. Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a mother's blessing. Shak. A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the placeÿof shooting to the butt, or mark. Ð Butts and bounds (COnveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. Ð Bead and butt. See under Bead. Ð Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. Ð Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. Ð Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] ½The corporal ... ran full butt at the lieutenant.¸ Marryat. Butt, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Butted; p.pr. & vb.n. Butting.] [OE. butten, OF. boterÿto push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf. Boutade.] 1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.] And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's wellÐwatered ground. Drayton. 2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.] A snowÐwhite steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening brows. Dryden. Butt, v.t. To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the head. Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H.Wotton. Butt, n. [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow vessel.] A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads. µ A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons). Butt, n. (Zo”l.) The common English flounder. ØButte (?), n. [F. See Butt a bound.] A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; Ð applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region. The creek ... passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate. Ruxton.

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