Chapter XVI: Part 16

BiÏlo¶bate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + lobate.] Divided into two lobes or segments. Bi¶lobed (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + lobe.] Bilobate. Bi·loÏca¶tion (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + location.] Double location; the state or power of being in two places at the same instant; Ð a miraculous power attributed to some of the saints. Tylor. BiÏloc¶uÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + locular: cf. F. biloculaire.] Divided into two cells or compartments; as, a bilocular pericarp. Gray. Bil¶sted (?), n. (Bot.) See Sweet gum. ØBil¶tong (?), n. [S. African.] Lean meat cut into strips and sunÏdried. H. R. Haggard. BiÏmac¶uÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + maculate, a.] Having, or marked with, two spots. ØBim¶aÏna (?), n. pl. [NL. See Bimanous.] (Zo”l.) Animals having two hands; Ð a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special order of Mammalia. Bim¶aÏnous (?), a. [L. bis twice + manus hand.] (Zo”l.) Having two hands; twoÏhanded. BiÏmar¶ginÏate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + marginate.] Having a double margin, as certain shells. BiÏmas¶tism (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + Gr. ? breast.] (Anat.) The condition of having two mamm‘ or teats. BiÏme¶diÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + medial.] (Geom.) Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a square). BiÏmem¶bral (?), a. [L. bis twice + membrum member.] (Gram.) Having two members; as, a bimembral sentence. J. W. Gibbs. BiÏmen¶sal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + mensal.] See Bimonthly, a. [Obs. or R.] BiÏmes¶triÏal (?), a. [L. bimestris; bis twice + mensis month.] Continuing two months. [R.] Bi·meÏtal¶lic (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + metallic: cf. F. bim‚tallique.] Of or relating to, or using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a system of coins or currency. BiÏmet¶alÏlism (?), n. [F. bim‚talisme.] The legalized use of two metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a fixed relative value; Ð in opposition to monometallism. µ The words bim‚tallisme and monom‚tallisme are due to M. Cernuschi [1869]. Littr‚. BiÏmet¶alÏlist (?), n. An advocate of bimetallism. BiÏmonth¶ly (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + monthly.] Occurring, done, or coming, once in two months; as, bimonthly visits; bimonthly publications. Ð n. A bimonthly publication. BiÏmonth¶ly, adv. Once in two months. BiÏmus¶cuÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + muscular.] (Zo”l.) Having two adductor muscles, as a bivalve mollusk. Bin (?), n. [OE. binne, AS. binn manager, crib; perh. akin to D. ben, benne, basket, and to L. benna a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W. benn, men, wain, cart.] A box, frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any commodity; as, a corn bin; a wine bin; a coal bin. Bin, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Binned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Binning.] To put into a bin; as, to bin wine. Bin. An old form of Be and Been. [Obs.] BinÏ. A euphonic form of the prefix BiÏ. Bi¶nal (?), a. [See Binary.] Twofold; double. [R.] ½Binal revenge, all this.¸ Ford. Bin·arÏse¶niÏate (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + arseniate.] (Chem.) A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the base. Graham. Bi¶naÏry (?), a. [L. binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at a time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E. two: cf. F. binaire.] Compounded or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two (things). Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. Davies & Peck. Ð Binary compound (Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of an element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of two compounds performing the function of elements. Ð Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448. Ð Binary measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or four; common time. Ð Binary nomenclature (Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the names designate both genus and species. Ð Binary scale (Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose ratio is two. Ð Binary star (Astron.), a double star whose members have a revolution round their common center of gravity. Ð Binary theory (Chem.), the theory that all chemical compounds consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike qualities. Bi¶naÏry, n. That which is constituted of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality. Fotherby. Bi¶nate (?), a. [L. bini two and two.] (Bot.) Double; growing in pairs or couples. Gray. BinÏau¶ral (?), a. [Pref. binÏ + aural.] Of or pertaining to, or used by, both ears. Bind (?), v. t. [imp. Bound (?); p. p. Bound, formerly Bounden (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Binding.] [AS. bindan, perfect tense band, bundon, p. p. bunden; akin to D. & G. binden, Dan. binde, Sw. & Icel. binda, Goth. bindan, Skr. bandh (for bhandh) to bind, cf. Gr. ? (for ?) cable, and L. offendix. ?90.] 1. To tie, or confine with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; as, to bind grain in bundles; to bind a prisoner. 2. To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind; as, attraction binds the planets to the sun; frost binds the earth, or the streams. He bindeth the floods from overflowing. Job xxviii. 11. Whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years. Luke xiii. 16. 3. To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or dress; Ð sometimes with up; as, to bind up a wound. 4. To make fast ( a thing) about or upon something, as by tying; to encircle with something; as, to bind a belt about one; to bind a compress upon a part. 5. To prevent or restrain from customary or natural action; as, certain drugs bind the bowels. 6. To protect or strengthen by a band or binding, as the edge of a carpet or garment. 7. To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a cover; as, to bind a book. 8. Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral tie; as, to bind the conscience; to bind by kindness; bound by affection; commerce binds nations to each other. Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. Milton. 9. (Law) (a) To bring (any one) under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a bond or covenant. Abbott. (b) To place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; as, to bind an apprentice; Ð sometimes with out; as, bound out to service. To bind over, to put under bonds to do something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc. Ð To bind to, to contract; as, to bind one's self to a wife. Ð To bind up in, to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb in. Syn. Ð To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict; oblige. Bind (?), v. i. 1. To tie; to confine by any ligature. They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak. 2. To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or stick together in a mass; as, clay binds by heat. Mortimer. 3. To be restrained from motion, or from customary or natural action, as by friction. 4. To exert a binding or restraining influence. Locke. Bind, n. 1. That which binds or ties. 2. Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a hop vine; a bine. 3. (Metal.) Indurated clay, when much mixed with the oxide of iron. Kirwan. 4. (Mus.) A ligature or tie for grouping notes. Bind¶er (?), n. 1. One who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade is to bind; as, a binder of books. 2. Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or band; a bandage; Ð esp. the principal piece of timber intended to bind together any building. Bind¶erÏy (?), n. A place where books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's establishment. Bind¶heimÏite (?), n. [From Bindheim, a German who analyzed it.] (Min.) An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite. Bind¶ing (?), a. That binds; obligatory. Binding beam (Arch.), the main timber in double flooring. Ð Binding joist (Arch.), the secondary timber in doubleÏframed flooring. Syn. Ð Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent; astringent; costive; styptic. Bind¶ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, binds. 2. Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures the edge of cloth from raveling. 3. pl. (Naut.) The transoms, knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel. Bind¶ingÏly, adv. So as to bind. Bind¶ingÏness, n. The condition or property of being binding; obligatory quality. Coleridge. Bind¶weed· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Convolvulus; as, greater bindweed (C. Sepium); lesser bindweed (C. arvensis); the white, the blue, the Syrian, bindweed. The black bryony, or Tamus, is called black bindweed, and the Smilax aspera, rough bindweed. The fragile bindweed bells and bryony rings. Tennyson. Bine (?), n. [Bind, cf. Woodbine.] The winding or twining stem of a hop vine or other climbing plant. BiÏnerv¶ate (?), a. [L. bis twice + nervus sinew, nerve.] 1. (Bot.) TwoÏnerved; Ð applied to leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves. 2. (Zo”l.) Having only two nerves, as the wings of some insects. Bing (?), n. [Cf. Icel. bingr, Sw. binge, G. beige, beuge. Cf. Prov. E. bink bench, and bench coal the uppermost stratum of coal.] A heap or pile; as, a bing of wood. ½Potato bings.¸ Burns. ½A bing of corn.¸ Surrey. [Obs. or Dial. Eng. & Scot.] BinÏi¶oÏdide (?), n. Same as Diiodide. Bink (?), n. A bench. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Bin¶naÏcle (?), n. [For bittacle, corrupted (perh. by influence of bin) fr. Pg. bitacola binnacle, fr. L. habitaculum dwelling place, fr. habitare to dwell. See Habit, and cf. Bittacle.] (Naut.) A case or box placed near the helmsman, containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at night. Totten. Bin¶ny (?), n. (Zo”l.) A large species of barbel (Barbus bynni), found in the Nile, and much esteemed for food. Bin¶oÏcle (?), n. [F. binocle; L. bini two at a time + oculus eye.] (Opt.) A dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once; a doubleÏbarreled field glass or an opera glass. BinÏoc¶uÏlar (?), a. [Cf. F. binoculaire. See Binocle.] 1. Having two eyes. ½Most animals are binocular.¸ Derham. 2. Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at once; as, binocular vision. 3. Adapted to the use of both eyes; as, a binocular microscope or telescope. Brewster. BinÏoc¶uÏlar (?), n. A binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or microscope. BinÏoc¶uÏlarÏly, adv. In a binocular manner. BinÏoc¶uÏlate (?), a. Having two eyes. BiÏno¶miÏal (?), n. [L. bis twice + nomen name: cf. F. binome, LL. binomius (or fr. biÏ + Gr. ? distribution ?). Cf. Monomial.] (Alg.) An expression consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus (Ð); as, a+b, or 7Ð3. BiÏno¶miÏal, a. 1. Consisting of two terms; pertaining to binomials; as, a binomial root. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Having two names; Ð used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to which it belongs. Binomial theorem (Alg.), the theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a binomial. BiÏnom¶iÏnal (?), a. [See Binomial.] Of or pertaining to two names; binomial. BiÏnom¶iÏnous (?), a. Binominal. [Obs.] BiÏnot¶oÏnous (?), a. [L. bini two at a time + tonus, fr. Gr. ?, tone.] Consisting of two notes; as, a binotonous cry. Bi¶nous (?), a. Same as Binate. BinÏox¶aÏlate (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + oxalate.] (Chem.) A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the base; an acid oxalate. BinÏox¶ide (?), n. [Pref. binÏ + oxide.] (Chem.) Same as Dioxide. ØBin¶tuÏrong (?), n. (Zo”l.) A small Asiatic civet of the genus Arctilis. BiÏnu¶cleÏar (?), BiÏnu¶cleÏate (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + nuclear, nucleate.] (Biol.) Having two nuclei; as, binucleate cells. BiÏnu¶cleÏoÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + nucleolus.] (Biol.) Having two nucleoli. Bi¶oÏblast (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïblast.] (Biol.) Same as Bioplast. BiÏoc¶elÏlate (?), a. [L. bis twice + ocellatus. See Ocellated.] (Zo”l.) Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); Ð said of a wing, etc. Bi·oÏchem¶isÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. chemistry.] (Biol.) The chemistry of living organisms; the chemistry of the processes incidental to ? characteristic of, life. Bi·oÏdyÏnam¶ics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. dynamics.] (Biol.) The doctrine of vital forces or energy. Bi¶oÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïgen.] (Biol.) Bioplasm. Bi·oÏgen¶eÏsis (?), BiÏog¶eÏny (?), } n. [Gr. ? life + ?, ?, birth.] (Biol.) (a) A doctrine that the genesis or production of living organisms can take place only through the agency of living germs or parents; Ð opposed to abiogenesis. (b) Life development generally. Bi·oÏgeÏnet¶ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to biogenesis. BiÏog¶eÏnist (?), n. A believer in the theory of biogenesis. ØBi·ogÏno¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? investigation.] (Biol.) The investigation of life. BiÏog¶raÏpher (?), n. One who writes an account or history of the life of a particular person; a writer of lives, as Plutarch. Bi¶oÏgraph¶ic (?), Bi·oÏgraph¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography. Ð Bi·oÏgraph¶icÏalÏly, adv. BiÏog¶raÏphize (?), v. t. To write a history of the life of. Southey. BiÏog¶raÏphy (?), n.; pl. Biographies (?). [Gr. ?; ? life + ? to write: cf. F. biographie. See Graphic.] 1. The written history of a person's life. 2. Biographical writings in general. Bi·oÏlog¶ic (?), Bi·oÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or relating to biology. Ð Bi·oÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. BiÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology. BiÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïlogy: cf. F. biologie.] The science of life; that branch of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to do with the origin, structure, development, function, and distribution of animals and plants. ØBiÏol¶yÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? a dissolving.] (Biol.) The destruction of life. Bi·oÏlyt¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? life + ? to destroy.] Relating to the destruction of life. Bi·oÏmagÏnet¶ic (?), a. Relating to biomagnetism. Bi·oÏmag¶netÏism (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. magnetism.] Animal magnetism. BiÏom¶eÏtry (?), n. [Gr. ? life + Ïmetry.] Measurement of life; calculation of the probable duration of human life. Bi¶on (?), n. [Gr. ? living, p. pr. of ? to live.] (Biol.) The physiological individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of function, in distinction from the morphological individual or morphon. BiÏon¶oÏmy (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? law.] Physiology. [R.] Dunglison. Bi¶oÏphor· Bi¶oÏphore· } (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? bearing, fr. ? to bear.] (Biol.) One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement. Bi¶oÏplasm (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? form, mold, fr. ? to mold.] (Biol.) A name suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be essential to the functions of all living beings; the material through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered protoplasm.

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Bi·oÏplas¶mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm. Bi¶oÏplast (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? to form.] (Biol.) A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood corpuscle; bioblast. Bi·oÏplas¶tic (?), a. (Biol.) Bioplasmic. BiÏor¶gan (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. organ.] (Biol.) A physiological organ; a living organ; an organ endowed with function; Ð distinguished from idorgan. Bi·oÏstat¶ics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ?. See Statics.] (Biol.) The physical phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or vital phenomena. Bi·oÏstaÏtis¶tics (?), n. [Gr. ? life + E. statistics.] (Biol.) Vital statistics. Bi¶oÏtax·y (?), n. [Gr. ? life + ? arrangement.] (Biol.) The classification of living organisms according to their structural character; taxonomy. BiÏot¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? pert. to life.] (Biol.) Relating to life; as, the biotic principle. Bi¶oÏtite (?), n. [From Biot, a French naturalist.] (Min.) Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or dark green color; Ð a common constituent of crystalline rocks. See Mica. BiÏpal¶mate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + palmate.] (Bot.) Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated. Bi·paÏri¶eÏtal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + parietal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one parietal fossa to the other. Bip¶aÏrous (?), a. [L. bis twice + parere to bring forth.] Bringing forth two at a birth. BiÏpart¶iÏble (?), a. [Cf. F. bipartible. See Bipartite.] Capable of being divided into two parts. BiÏpar¶tient (?), a. [L. bis twice + partiens, p. pr. of partire to divide.] Dividing into two parts. Ð n. A number that divides another into two equal parts without a remainder. BiÏpar¶tile (?), a. Divisible into two parts. Bip¶arÏtite (?), a. [L. bipartitus, p. p. of bipartire; bis twice + partire. See Partite.] 1. Being in two parts; having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing, one for each party; shared by two; as, a bipartite treaty. 2. Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions. Gray. Bi·parÏti¶tion (?), n. The act of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts, or the state of being so divided. BiÏpec¶tiÏnate (?), BiÏpec¶tiÏna·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pectinate.] (Biol.) Having two margins toothed like a comb. Bi¶ped (?), n. [L. bipes; bis twice + pes, pedis, ?oot: cf. F. bipŠde.] A twoÏfooted animal, as man. Bi¶ped, a. Having two feet; twoÏfooted. By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased, Became a helpless, naked, biped beast. Byrom. Bip¶eÏdal (?), a. [L. bipedalis: cf. F. bip‚dal. See Biped, n.] 1. Having two feet; biped. 2. Pertaining to a biped. BiÏpel¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + peltate.] Having a shell or covering like a double shield. BiÏpen¶nate (?), BiÏpen¶naÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pennate: cf. L. bipennis. Cf. Bipinnate.] Having two wings. ½Bipennated insects.¸ Derham. ØBiÏpen¶nis (?), n. [L.] An ax with an edge or blade on each side of the handle. BiÏpet¶alÏous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + petalous.] (Bot.) Having two petals. ØBi·pinÏna¶riÏa (?), n. [NL., fr. L. bis twice + pinna feather.] (Zo”l.) The larva of certain starfishes as developed in the freeÏswimming stage. BiÏpin¶nate (?), BiÏpin¶naÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + pinnate; cf. F. bipinn‚. Cf. Bipennate.] Twice pinnate. Bi·pinÏnat¶iÏfid (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pinnatifid.] (Bot.) Doubly pinnatifid. A bipinnatifid leaf is a pinnatifid leaf having its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions are pinn‘ and the secondary pinnules. Bip¶liÏcate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + plicate.] Twice folded together. Henslow. BiÏplic¶iÏty (?), n. The state of being twice folded; reduplication. [R.] Bailey. BiÏpo¶lar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + polar. Cf. Dipolar.] Doubly polar; having two poles; as, a bipolar cell or corpuscle. Bi·poÏlar¶iÏty (?), n. Bipolar quality. Bi¶pont (?), BiÏpont¶ine (?), a. (Bibliog.) Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium (Zweibrcken), in Bavaria. BiÏpunc¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + punctate.] Having two punctures, or spots. BiÏpunc¶tuÏal (?), a. Having two points. BiÏpu¶pilÏlate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pupil (of the eye).] (Zo”l.) Having an eyelike spot on the wing, with two dots within it of a different color, as in some butterflies. Bi·pyÏram¶iÏdal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + pyramidal.] Consisting of two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals. BiÏquad¶rate (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + quadrate.] (Math.) The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16, the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the biquadrate of 4. Bi·quadÏrat¶ic (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + quadratic: cf. F. biquadratique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power. Biquadratic equation (Alg.), an equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power. Ð Biquadratic root of a number, the square root of the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic root of 81. Hutton. Bi·quadÏrat¶ic, n. (Math.) (a) A biquadrate. (b) A biquadratic equation. BiÏquin¶tile (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + quintile: cf. F. biquintile.] (Astron.) An aspect of the planets when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a great circle Ð that is, twice 72 degrees. BiÏra¶diÏate (?), BiÏra¶diÏa·ted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + radiate.] Having two rays; as, a biradiate fin. BiÏra¶mous (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + ramous.] (Biol.) Having, or consisting of, two branches. Birch (?), n.; pl. Birches (?). [OE. birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj”rk, Sw. bj”rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche, birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr. bh?rja. ?254. Cf. 1st Birk.] 1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch (B. lenta). 2. The wood or timber of the birch. 3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging. µ The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in schools. They were also made into brooms. The threatening twigs of birch. Shak. 4. A birchÏbark canoe. Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera gummifera) of turpentine tree. Ð Birch partridge. (Zo”l.) See Ruffed grouse. Ð Birch wine, wine made of the spring sap of the birch. Ð Oil of birch. (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European birch (Betula alba), and used in the preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. (b) An oil prepared from the black birch (B. lenta), said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely sold. Birch, a. Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen. Birch, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Birched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Birching.] To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog. Birch¶en (?), a. Of or relating to birch. He passed where Newark's stately tower Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower. Sir W. Scott. Bird (?), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. ?92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zo”l.) A warmÏblooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See Aves. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. Campbell. Arabian bird, the phenix. Ð Bird of Jove, the eagle. Ð Bird of Juno, the peacock. Ð Bird louse (Zo”l.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. Ð Bird mite (Zo”l.), a small mite (genera Dermanyssus, Dermaleichus and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. Ð Bird of passage, a migratory bird. Ð Bird spider (Zo”l.), a very large South American spider (Mygale avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. Ð Bird tick (Zo”l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus Ornithomyia, and allies), usually winged. Bird (?), v. i. 1. To catch or shoot birds. 2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to thieve. [R.] B. Jonson. Bird¶bolt· (?), n. A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating. Shak. Bird¶ cage¶, or Bird¶cage· (?), n. A cage for confining birds. Bird¶call· (?), n. 1. A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate. 2. An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in making the sound of a birdcall. Bird¶catch·er (?), n. One whose employment it is to catch birds; a fowler. Bird¶catch·ing, n. The art, act, or occupation or catching birds or wild fowls. Bird¶ cher·ry (?). (Bot.) A shrub (Prunus Padus ) found in Northern and Central Europe. It bears small black cherries. Bird¶er (?), n. A birdcatcher. Bird¶Ðeyed· (?), a. QuickÏsighted; catching a glance as one goes. Bird¶ fan·ciÏer (?). 1. One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds. 2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages. Bird¶ie (?), n. A pretty or dear little bird; Ð a pet name. Tennyson. Bird¶iÏkin (?), n. A young bird. Thackeray. Bird¶ing, n. Birdcatching or fowling. Shak. Birding piece, a fowling piece. Shak. Bird¶let, n. A little bird; a nestling. Bird¶like· (?), a. Resembling a bird. Bird¶lime· (?), n. [Bird + lime viscous substance.] An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which insnares. Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce A more tenacious mass of clammy juice. Dryden. µ Birdlime is also made from mistletoe, elder, etc. Bird¶lime·, v. t. To smear with birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare. When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves to everything it meets with. Coodwin. Bird¶ling, n. A little bird; a nestling. Bird¶man (?), n. A fowler or birdcatcher. Bird¶ of par¶aÏdise (?). (Zo”l.) The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus Paradisea and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers. µ The Great emerald (Paradisea apoda) and the Lesser emerald (P. minor) furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the Red is P. rubra or sanguinea; the Golden is Parotia aurea or sexsetacea; the King is Cincinnurus regius. The name is also applied to the lingerÏbilled birds of another related group (Epimachin‘) from the same region. The Twelvewired (Seleucides alba) is one of these. See Paradise bird, and Note under Apod. Bird¶ pep·per (?). A species of capsicum (Capsicum baccatum), whose small, conical, coralÏred fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers. Bird's¶Ðbeak· (?), n. (Arch.) A molding whose section is thought to resemble a beak. Bird¶seed· (?), n. Canary seed, hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged birds. Bird's¶Ðeye· (?), a. 1. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a glance; hence, general? not minute, or entering into details; as, a bird'sÐeye view. 2. Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes; as, bird'sÐeye diaper; bird'sÐeye maple. Bird's¶Ðeye·, n. (Bot.) A plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's eye, the mealy primrose (Primula farinosa), and species of Veronica, Geranium, etc. Bird's¶Ðeye· ma¶ple (?). See under Maple. Bird's¶Ðfoot· (?), n. (Bot.) A papilionaceous plant, the Ornithopus, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped with a short, clawlike point. Bird'sÐfoot trefoil. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants (Lotus) with clawlike pods. L. corniculatas, with yellow flowers, is very common in Great Britain. (b) the related plant, Trigonella ornithopodioides, is also European. Bird'sÐmouth· (?), n. (Arch.) An interior a?gle or notch cut across a piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; Ð commonly called crow'sÐfoot in the United States. Bird's¶ nest·, or Bird'sÐnest (?), n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs and hatches her young. 2. (Cookery) The nest of a small swallow (Collocalia nidifica and several allied species), of China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with soups. µ The nests are found in caverns and fissures of

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cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of alg‘. They are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble isinglass. See Illust. under Edible. 3. (Bot.) An orchideous plant with matted roots, of the genus Neottia (N. nidusÏavis.) Bird'sÐnest pudding, a pudding containing apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar. Ð Yellow bird's nest, a plant, the Monotropa hypopitys. Bird'sÐnest·ing (?), n. Hunting for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents. Bird's¶Ðtongue· (?), n. (Bot.) The knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). Bird¶Ðwit·ted (?), a. Flighty; passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the faculty of attention. Bacon. Bi·recÏtan¶guÏlar (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + rectangular.] Containing or having two right angles; as, a birectangular spherical triangle. Bi¶reme (?), n. [L. biremis; bis twice + remus oar: cf. F. birŠme.] An ancient galley or vessel with two banks or tiers of oars. BiÏret¶ta (?), n. Same as Berretta. Bir¶ganÏder (?), n. See Bergander. Birk (?), n. [See Birch, n.] A birch tree. [Prov. Eng.] ½The silver birk.¸ Tennyson. Birk, n. (Zo”l.) A small European minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus). Birk¶en (?), v. t. [From 1st Birk.] To whip with a birch or rod. [Obs.] Birk¶en, a. Birchen; as, birken groves. Burns. Bir¶kie (?), n. A lively or mettlesome fellow. [Jocular, Scot.] Burns. Birl (?), v. t. & i. To revolve or cause to revolve; to spin. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Birl (?), v. t. & i. [AS. byrlian. ?92.] To pour (beer or wine); to ply with drink; to drink; to carouse. [Obs. or Dial.] Skelton. Bir¶law (?), n. [See ByÏlaw.] (Law) A law made by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or byÏlaw. [Written also byrlaw, birlie, birley.] BiÏros·trate (?), BiÏros¶traÏted (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + rostrate.] Having a double beak, or two processes resembling beaks. The capsule is bilocular and birostrated. Ed. Encyc. Birr (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Birred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Birring.] [Cf. OE. bur, bir, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. byrr wind. Perh. imitative.] To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in motion. Birr, n. 1. A whirring sound, as of a spinning wheel. 2. A rush or impetus; force. Bir¶rus (?), n. [LL., fr. L. birrus a kind of cloak. See Berretta.] A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders or over the head. Birse (?), n. A bristle or bristles. [Scot.] Birt (?), n. [OE. byrte; cf. F. bertonneau. Cf. Bret, Burt.] (Zo”l.) A fish of the turbot kind; the brill. [Written also burt, bret, or brut.] [Prov. Eng.] Birth (?), n. [OE. burth, birth, AS. beor?, gebyrd, fr. beran to bear, bring forth; akin to D. geboorate, OHG. burt, giburt, G. geburt, Icel. bur?r, Skr. bhrti bearing, supporting; cf. Ir. & Gael. beirthe born, brought forth. ?92. See 1st Bear, and cf. Berth.] 1. The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; Ð generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of a son. 2. Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction. Elected without reference to birth, but solely for qualifications. Prescott. 3. The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency. A foe by birth to Troy's unhappy name. Dryden. 4. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth. ½At her next birth.¸ Milton. 5. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable. Poets are far rarer births that kings. B. Jonson. Others hatch their eggs and tend the birth till it is able to shift for itself. Addison. 6. Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an empire. New birth (Theol.), regeneration, or the commencement of a religious life. Syn. Ð Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family. Birth, n. See Berth. [Obs.] De Foe. Birth¶day· (?), n. 1. The day in which any person is born; day of origin or commencement. Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next The birthday of invention. Cowper. 2. The day of the month in which a person was born, in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of one's birth. This is my birthday; as this very day Was Cassius born. Shak. Birth¶day·, a. Of or pertaining to the day of birth, or its anniversary; as, birthday gifts or festivities. Birth¶dom (?), n. [Birth + Ïdom.] The land of one's birth; one's inheritance. [R.] Shak. Birth¶ing, n. (Naut.) Anything added to raise the sides of a ship. Bailey. Birth¶less, a. Of mean extraction. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Birth¶mark· (?), n. Some peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth. Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a natural birthmark, ... a snake. Sir T. North. Birth¶night· (?), n. The night in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in succeeding years. The angelic song in Bethlehem field, On thy birthnight, that sung thee Savior born. Milton. Birth¶place· (?), n. The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or birth, in its more general sense. ½The birthplace of valor.¸ Burns. Birth¶right· (?), n. Any right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the first born. Lest there be any ... profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright. Heb. xii. 16. Birth¶root· (?), n. (Bot.) An herbaceous plant (Trillium erectum), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to have medicinal properties. Birth¶wort· (?), n. A genus of herbs and shrubs (Aristolochia), reputed to have medicinal properties. Bis (?), adv. [L. bis twice, for duis, fr. root of duo two. See Two, and cf. BiÏ.] Twice; Ð a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts. BisÏ, pref. A form of BiÏ, sometimes used before s, c, or a vowel. Bi¶sa an¶teÏlope (?). (Zo”l.) See Oryx. BiÏsac¶cate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + saccate.] (Bot.) Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches. BisÏcay¶an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Biscay in Spain. Ðn. A native or inhabitant of Biscay. Bis¶coÏtin (?), n. [F. biscotin. See Biscuit.] A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet biscuit. Bis¶cuit (?), n. [F. biscuit (cf. It. biscotto, Sp. bizcocho, Pg. biscouto), fr. L. bis twice + coctus, p. p. of coquere to cook, bake. See Cook, and cf. Bisque a kind of porcelain.] 1. A kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship biscuit. According to military practice, the bread or biscuit of the Romans was twice prepared in the oven. Gibbon. 2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card. 3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing. 4. (Sculp.) A species of white, unglazed porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in miniature. Meat biscuit, an alimentary preparation consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form biscuits. BiÏscu¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + scutate.] (Bot.) Resembling two bucklers placed side by side. ØBise (?), n. [F.] A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; Ð nearly the same as the mistral. Bise (?), n. (Paint.) See Bice. BiÏsect¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Bisecting.] [L. bis twice + secare, sectum, to cut.] 1. To cut or divide into two parts. 2. (Geom.) To divide into two equal parts. BiÏsec¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. bissection.] Division into two parts, esp. two equal parts. BiÏsec¶tor (?), n. One who, or that which, bisects; esp. (Geom.) a straight line which bisects an angle. BiÏsec¶trix (?), n. The line bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. BiÏseg¶ment (?), n. [Pref. biÏ + segment.] One of tow equal parts of a line, or other magnitude. BiÏsep¶tate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + septate.] With two partitions or septa. Gray. BiÏse¶riÏal (?), BiÏse¶riÏate (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + serial, seriate.] In two rows or series. BiÏser¶rate (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + serrate.] 1. (Bot.) Doubly serrate, or having the serratures serrate, as in some leaves. 2. (Zo”l.) Serrate on both sides, as some antenn‘. BiÏse¶tose (?), BiÏse¶tous (?), } a. [Pref. biÏ + setose, setous.] Having two bristles. BiÏsex¶ous (?), a. [L. bis twice + sexus sex: cf. F. bissexe.] Bisexual. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. BiÏsex¶uÏal (?), a. [Pref. biÏ + sexual.] (Biol.) Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes. BiÏsex¶uÏous (?), a. Bisexual. BiÏseye¶ (?), p. p. of Besee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Evil biseye, ill looking. [Obs.] Bish (?), n. Same as Bikh. Bish¶op (?), n. [OE. bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS. bisceop, biscop, L. episcopus overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. ?, ? over + ? inspector, fr. root of ?, ?, to look to, perh. akin to L. specere to look at. See Spy, and cf. Episcopal.] 1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or director. Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. 1 Pet. ii. 25. It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the same officer in the church is called indifferently ½bishop¸ ( ? ) and ½elder¸ or ½presbyter.¸ J. B. Lightfoot. 2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or see. Bishop in partibus [infidelium] (R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without especial jurisdiction. Shipley. Ð Titular bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. Ð Bench of Bishops. See under Bench. 3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other churches, one of the highest church officers or superintendents. 4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a representation of a bishop's miter; Ð formerly called archer. 5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or lemons, and sugar. Swift. 6. An old name for a woman's bustle. [U. S.] If, by her bishop, or her ½grace¸ alone, A genuine lady, or a church, is known. Saxe. Bish¶op, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bishoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.] To admit into the church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to favor. Bish¶op (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bishoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bishoping.] [From the name of the scoundrel who first practiced it. Youatt.] (Far.) To make seem younger, by operating on the teeth; as, to bishop an old horse or his teeth. The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black. J. H. Walsh. Bish¶opÏdom (?), n. Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate. ½Divine right of bishopdom.¸ Milton. Bish¶opÏlike· (?), a. Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop. Fulke. Bish¶opÏly, a. Bishoplike; episcopal. [Obs.] Bish¶opÏly, adv. In the manner of a bishop. [Obs.] Bish¶opÏric (?), n. [AS. bisceoprÆce; bisceop bishop + rÆce dominion. See Ïric.] 1. A diocese; the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an apostle, bishop, or presbyter. Acts i. 20. Bish¶op's cap· (?). (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort. Longfellow. Bish¶op sleeve· (?). A wide sleeve, once worn by women. Bish¶op's length· (?). A canvas for a portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45 of 56. Bish¶opÐstool· (?), n. A bishop's seat or see. Bish¶op'sÐweed· (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Ammi. (b) Goutweed (?gopodium podagraria). Bish¶op'sÐwort· (?), n. (Bot.) Wood betony (Stachys betonica); also, the plant called fennel flower (Nigella Damascena), or devilÏinÏaÏbush. Bis¶ie (?), v. t. To busy; to employ. [Obs.] BiÏsil¶iÏcate (?), n. (Min. Chem.) A salt of metasilicic acid; Ð so called because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the most common and important minerals. Bisk (?), n. [F. bisque.] Soup or broth made by boiling several sorts of flesh together. King. Bisk, n. [F. bisque.] (Tennis) See Bisque. BiÏsmare¶ (?), BiÏsmer¶ (?), n. [AS. bismer.] Shame; abuse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bis¶mer (?), n. 1. A rule steelyard. [Scot.] 2. (Zo”l.) The fifteenÏspined (Gasterosteus spinachia). ØBisÏmil¶lah (?), interj. [Arabic, in the name of God!] An adjuration or exclamation common among the Mohammedans. [Written also Bizmillah.] Bis¶mite (?), n. (Min.) Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher. Bis¶muth (?), n. [Ger. bismuth, wismuth: cf. F. bismuth.] (Chem.) One of the elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across. It metals at 507? Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol Bi. µ Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in thermoÏelectric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance known. Bismuth glance, bismuth sulphide; bismuthinite. Ð Bismuth ocher, a native bismuth oxide; bismite. Bis¶muthÏal (?), a. Containing bismuth. Bis¶muthÏic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; as, bismuthic oxide. Bis·muthÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [Bismuth + Ïferous.] Containing bismuth. Bis¶muthÏine (?), Bis¶muthÏinÏite (?), } n. Native bismuth sulphide; Ð sometimes called bismuthite. Bis¶muthÏous (?), a. Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower valence. Bis¶muthÏyl· (?), n. (Min.) Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white or yellowish color. [Written also bismuthite.] Bi¶son (?), n. [L. bison, Gr. ?, a wild ox; akin to OHG. wisunt, wisant, G. wisent, AS. wesend, Icel. vÆsundr: cf. F. bison.] (Zo”l.) (a) The aurochs or European bison. (b) The American bison buffalo (Bison Americanus), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers.

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