Chapter XXX: Part 30

Buc¶kle (?), v.i. 1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink. Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys. 2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall. 3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.] The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys. 4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend. The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer. In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak. To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal. To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow. Before buckling to my winter's work. J.D.Forbes. Buc¶kler (?), n. [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See Buckle, n.] 1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body. µ In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites. 3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a halfÐport, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches. Blind bucklerÿ(Naut.), a solid buckler. Ð Buckler mustardÿ(Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. Ð Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. Ð Riding bucklerÿ(Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable. Buc¶kler, v.t. To shield; to defend. [Obs.] Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree? Shak. Buc¶klerÐhead·ed (?), a. Having a head like a buckler. Buc¶kling (?), a. Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham. Buck¶ra (?), n. [In the languageÿof the Calabar coast, buckra means ½demon, a powerful and superior being.¸ J.L.Wilson.] A white man; Ð a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies, etc. Buck¶ra, a. White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam. Buck¶ram (?), n. [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter r. See Buck, Barracan.] 1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise. µ Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearingÿapparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict.). 2. (Bot.) A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior. Buck¶ram, a. 1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit. 2. Stiff; precise. ½Buckram dames.¸ Brooke. Buck¶ram, v.t. To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper. Buck's¶Ðhorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia. Buck¶shot· (?), n. A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game. Buck¶skin· (?), n. 1. The skin of a buck. 2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin. 3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war. Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought, An' did the buckskins claw, man. Burns. 4. pl. Breeches made of buckskin. I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray. Buck¶stall· (?), n. A toil or net to take deer. Buck¶thorn· (?), n. (Bot.) A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See Rhamnus. Sea buckthorn, a plant of the genus Hippopha‰. Buck¶tooth· (?), n. Any tooth that juts out. When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray. Buck¶wheat· (?), n. [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D. boekweit, G. buchweizen.] 1. (Bot.) A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food. 2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc. BuÏcol¶ic (?), a. [L. bucolicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? cowherd, herdsman; ? ox + (perh.) ? race horse; cf. Skr. kalÿto drive: cf. F. bucolique. See Cow the animal.] Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic. BuÏcol¶ic, n. [L. Bucolic“n po‰ma.] A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden. BuÏcol¶icÏal (?), a. Bucolic. ØBuÏcra¶niÏum (?), n.; pl. L. Bucrania (?). [L., fr. Gr. ? ox head.] A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc. Bud (?), n. [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dogÐrose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E. beat. See Button.] 1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branchÿor flower. 2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zo”l.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellanaÿand Eccopsis malana on the apple tree. Bud, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Budded; p.pr. & vb.n. Budding.] 1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot. 2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn. 3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness,ÿor growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak. Syn. - To sprout; germinate; blossom. Bud, v.t. To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear. The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict. Bud¶dha (?), n. [Skr. buddha wise, sage, fr. budhÿto know.] The title of an incarnation of selfÐabnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism. Bud¶dhism (?), n. The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, ½the awakened or enlightened,¸ in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvƒna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000. Bud¶dhist (?), n. One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism. Bud¶dhist, a. Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists. BudÏdhis¶tic (?), a. Same as Buddhist, a. Bud¶ding (?), n. 1. The act or process of producing buds. 2. (Biol.) A processÿof asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea. 3. The act or processÿof ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark. Bud¶dle (?), n. [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. buttelnÿto shake.] (Mining) An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions. Bud¶dle, v.i. (Mining) To wash ore in a buddle. Bude¶ burn·er (?). [See Bude light.] A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burnes (the inner rising aboveÿthe outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied. Bude¶ light· (?). [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.] A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil. Budge (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Budged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Budging.] [F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move, It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See Boil, v.i.] To move off; to stir; to walk away. I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak. The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge From rascals worse than they. Shak. Budge, a. [See Budge, v.] Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South. Budge, n. [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg. Cf. Budge, n.] A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; Ð used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits. Budge, a. 1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. ½Budge gowns.¸ Milton. 2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics. Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton. Budge bachelor, one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. Ð Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copperÐhooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn togetherÿwith strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service. Budge¶ness (?), n. Sternness; severity. [Obs.] A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst. Budg¶er (?), n. One who budges. Shak. Øbudg¶eÏrow (?), n. [Hindi bajr¾.] A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges. Budg¶et (?), n. [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See Budge, n., and cf. Bouget.] 1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a budget of inventions. 2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries. To open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government. Budg¶y, a. [From Budge, n.] Consisting of fur. [Obs.] Bud¶let (?), n. [Bud + Ïlet.] A little bud springing from a parent bud. We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another,ÿor the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E.Darwin. Buff (?), n. [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffleÿbuffalo. See Buffalo.] 1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. ½A suit of buff.¸ Shak. 2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown. A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden. 3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak. 4. (Med.)ÿThe grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under Buffy, a. 5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc. 6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.] To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright. Buff, a. 1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith. 2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. Ð Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. Ð Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing. Buff, v.t. To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5. Buff, v.t. [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.] To strike. [Obs.] B.Jonson. Buff, n. [See Buffet.] A buffet; a blow; Ð obsolete except in the phrase ½Blindman's buff.¸ Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser. Buff, a. [Of uncertain etymol.] Firm; sturdy. And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras. ØBuf¶fa (?), n.fem. (Mus.) [It. See Buffoon.] The comic actress in an opera. Ð a. Comic, farcical. Aria buffa, a droll or comic air. Ð Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera bouffe. Buf¶faÏlo (?), n.; pl. Buffaloes (?). [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F. buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. ? buffalo, prob. fr. ? ox. See Cow the animal, and cf. Buff the color, and Bubale.] 1. (Zo”l.) A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originallyÿfrom India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers. 2. (Zo”l.) A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South Africa; Ð called also Cape buffalo. 3. (Zo”l.) Any speciesÿof wild ox. 4. (Zo”l.) The bison of North America. 5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below. 6. (Zo”l.) The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below. Buffalo berryÿ(Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. Ð Buffalo bird (Zo”l.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. Ð Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet. Ð Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] Ð Buffalo cloverÿ(Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. Ð Buffalo cod (Zo”l.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; Ð called also blue cod, and cultus cod. Ð Buffalo fish (Zo”l.), one of several large freshÐwater fishes of the family Catostomid‘, of the Mississippi valley. The redÐmouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the bigÐmouthed or black (Bubalichthys urus), and the smallÐmouthed (B. altus), are among the more important species used as food. Ð Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zo”l.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. Ð Buffalo grassÿ(Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchlo‰ dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] Ð Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. Ð Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; Ð much used as a lap robe in sleighs.

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Buf¶fel duck (?). [See Buffalo.] (Zo”l.) A small duck (Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also bufflehead. Buff¶er (?), n. [Prop a striker. See Buffet a blow.] 1. (Mech.) (a) An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a railroad car. (b) A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; Ð sometimes called buffing apparatus. 2. One who polishes with a buff. 3. A wheel for buffing; a buff. 4. A goodÐhumored, slowÐwitted fellow; Ð usually said of an elderly man. [Colloq.] Dickens. Buff¶erÏhead· (?), n. The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad carriages. BufÏfet¶ (?), n. [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaningÿto puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentation or display.] 1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard. Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound philosophy aside. Pope. 2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering. Buf¶fet (?), n. [OE. buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow, cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff; prob. akin to E. puff. For the meaning slap, blow, cf. F. soufflet a slap, souffler to blow. See Puff, v.i., and cf. Buffet sidebroad, Buffoon] 1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff. When on his cheek a buffet fell. Sir W.Scott. 2. A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity. Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay. Burke. Fortune's buffets and rewards. Shak. 3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter. Go fetch us a light buffet. Townely Myst. Buf¶fet, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Buffeted; p.pr. & vb.n. Buffeting.] [OE. buffeten, OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.] 1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to slap. They spit in his face and buffeted him. Matt.xxvi.67. 2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against; as, to buffet the billows. The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores. Broome. You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being buffeted about the world. W.Black. 3. [Cf. Buffer.] To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper. Buf¶fet, v.i. 1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend. If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher. Shak. 2. To make one's way by blows or struggling. Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson. Buf¶fetÏer (?), n. One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson. Buf¶fetÏing, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity. He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but ... fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt. Buf¶fin (?), n. [So called from resembling buff ?eather.] A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.] Buff¶ing ap·paÏra¶tus (?). See Buffer, 1. Buf¶fle (?), n. [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.] The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T.Herbert. Buf¶fle, v.i. To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift. Buf¶fleÏhead· (?), n. [Buffle + head.] 1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.] What makes you stare so, bufflehead? Plautus (trans. 1694). 2. (Zo”l.) The buffel duck. See Buffel duck. Buf¶fleÐhead·ed, a. Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering. [Obs.] So fell this buffleÐheaded giant. Gayton. ØBuf¶fo (?), n.masc. [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.) The comic actor in an opera. BufÏfoon¶ (?), n. [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.] A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merryÐandrew. BufÏfoon¶ (?), a. Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. ½Buffoon stories.¸ Macaulay. To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances. Melmoth. BufÏfoon¶, v.i. To act the part of a buffoon. [R.] BufÏfoon¶, v.t. To treat with buffoonery. Glanwill. BufÏfoon¶erÏy (?), n.; pl. Buffooneries (?). [F. bouffonnerie.] The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures. Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a ½What makes you blush?¸ Spectator. BufÏfoon¶ish, a. Like a buffoon; consisting in low?jests or gestures. Blair. BufÏfoon¶ism (?), n. The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery. BufÏfoon¶ly, a. Low; vulgar. [R.] Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman. Buff¶y (?), a. (Med.)ÿResembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearky colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley. ØBu¶fo (?), n. [L. bufo a toad.] (Zo”l.) A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads. Bu¶fonÏite (?), n. [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.) An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the o”lite and chalk formations; toadstone; Ð so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad. Bug (?), n. [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.] 1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak. 2. (Zo”l.) A general name applied to various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc. 3. (Zo”l.) An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug. 4. (Zo”l.) One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle. 5. (Zo”l.) One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc. µ According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. ½God's rare workmanshipÿin the ant, the poorest bug that creeps.¸ Rogers (Naaman). ½This bug with gilded wings.¸ Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. Ð Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Bug·aÏboo¶ (?), Bug¶bear· (?), n. [See Bug.] Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. ½Bugaboos to fright ye.¸ Lloyd. But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a small estate. Pope. The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S.B.Griffin. The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J.Burroughs. Syn. - Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow. Bug¶bane· (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial whiteÐflowered herb of the order Ranunculace‘ and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species. Bug¶bear· (?), n. Same as Bugaboo. Ð a. Causing needless fright. Locke. Bug¶bear·, v.t. To alarm with idle phantoms. Bug¶fish· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The menhaden. [U.S.] Bug¶ger (?), n. [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.] 1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite. 2. A wretch; Ð sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low] Bug¶gerÏy (?), n. [OF. bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See Bugger.] Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy. Bug¶giÏness (?), n. [From Buggy, a.] The state of being infested with bugs. Bug¶gy (?), a. [From Bug.] Infested or abounding with bugs. Bug¶gy, n.; pl. Buggies. 1. A light one horse twoÐwheeled vehicle. [Eng.] Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a buggy. Beaconsfield. 2. A light, fourÐwheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or without a calash top. [U.S.] Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a seat for the driver. Ð Buggy plow, a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the driver; Ð called also sulky plow. Bu¶gle (?), n. [OE. bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle, fr. L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of bos ox. See Cow the animal.] A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E.Phillips. Bu¶gle, n. [See Bugle a wild ox.] 1. A horn used by hunters. 2. (Mus.) A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; Ð called also the Kent bugle. Bu¶gle, n. [LL. bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. bgel a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegenÿto bend, E. bow to bend.] An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black. Bu¶gle, a. [From Bugle a bead.] Jet black. ½Bugle eyeballs.¸ Shak. Bu¶gle, n. [F. bugle; cf. It. bugola, L. bugillo.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga cham‘pitys. Bu¶gled (?), a. Ornamented with bugles. Bu¶gle horn· (?). 1. A bugle. One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W.Scott. 2. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Obs.] And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine. Chaucer. Bu¶gler (?), n. One who plays on a bugle. Bu¶gleÏweed· (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the Mint family and genus Lycopus; esp. L. Virginicus, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage. Bu¶gloss (?), n.; pl. Buglosses (?). [F. buglosse, L. buglossa, buglossus, fr. Gr. ? oxtongue ? ox + ? tongue.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Anchusa, and especially the A. officinalis, sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue. Small wild bugloss, the Asperugo procumbensÿand the Lycopsis arvensis. Ð Viper's bugloss, a species of Echium. Bug¶wort· (?), n. (Bot.) Bugbane. Buhl (?), Buhl¶work (?), n. [From A.Ch.Boule, a French carver in wood.] Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also boule, boulework.] Buhl¶buhl (?), n. (Zo”l.) See Bulbul. Buhr¶stone· (?), n. [OE. bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.) A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones. [Written also burrstone.] Build (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Built (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Building. The regular imp. & p.p. Builded is antiquated.] [OE. bulden, bilden, AS. byldanÿto build, fr. bold house; cf. Icel. bÓl farm, abode, Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol, b”le, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel. b?a to dwell; akin to E. be, bower, boor. û97.] 1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise. Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers. Milton. 2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means. Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak. 3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; Ð frequently with up; as, to build up one's constitution. I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up. Acts xx.32. Syn. - To erect; construct; raise; found; frame. Build (?), v.i. 1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building. 2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or advice of others. Build, n. Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the build of a ship. Build¶er (?), n. One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc. Build¶ing, n. 1. The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing. Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster. Bp. Hall. 2. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture. The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes building; but building is frequently employed when the result is not architectural. Hosking. 3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, etc. Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of public treasury. Shak. Built (?), n. Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship. [Obs.] Dryden. Built, a. Formed; shaped; constructed; made; Ð often used in composition and preceded by the word denotingÿthe form; as, frigateÐbuilt, clipperÐbuilt, etc. Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor. Buke¶ mus¶lin (?). See Book muslin. ØBuk¶shish (?), n. See Backsheesh. ØBu¶lau (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo”l.) An East Indian insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii), somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.

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Bulb (?), n. [L. bulbus, Gr. ?: cf. F. bulbe.] 1. (Bot.) A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid. 2. (Anat.) A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. Ð Bulb of a hair, the ½root,¸ or part whence the hair originates. Ð Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called simply bulb. Ð Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the tooth. 3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson. Bulb, v.i. To take the shape of a bulb; to swell. BulÏba¶ceous (?), a. [L. bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.] Bulbous. Jonson. Bulb¶ar (?), a. Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as, bulbar paralysis. Bulbed (?), a. Having a bulb; roundÐheaded. Bulb¶el (?), n. [Dim., fr. bulb, n.] (Bot.) A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants. BulÏbif¶erÏous (?), a. [Bulb, n. + Ïferous: cf. F. bulbifŠre.] (Bot.) Producing bulbs. Bulb¶let (?), n. [Bulb, n. + Ïlet.] (Bot.) A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some a‰rial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion. BulÏbose¶ (?), a. Bulbous. Bul¶boÐtu·ber (?), n. [Bulb, n. + tuber.] (Bot.) A corm. Bulb¶ous (?), a. [L. bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See Bulb, n.] Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure. ØBul¶bul (?), n. [Per.] (Zo”l.) The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family Timaliid‘. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied genera. [Written also buhlbuhl.] Bul¶bule (?), n. [L. bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See Bulb, n.] A small bulb; a bulblet. Bul¶chin (?), n. [Dim. of bull.] A little bull. Bulge (?), n. [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belganÿto swell, OSw. bulgja, Icel. bÓlginn swollen, OHG. belganÿto swell, G. bulge leathern sack, Skr. b?hÿto be large, strong;ÿthe root meaning to swell. Cf. Bilge, Belly, Billow, Bouge, n.] 1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. 2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall. 3. (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge ways. Bulge, v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bulged (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulging.] 1. Toÿswell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges. 2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome. Bul¶gy (?), a. Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward. [Colloq.] ØBuÏlim¶iÏa (?), Bu¶liÏmy (?), } n. [NL. bulimia, fr. Gr. ?, lit., oxÐhunger; ? ox + ? hunger: cf. F. boulimie.] (Med.) A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a diseased and voracious appetite. ØBuÏli¶mus (?), n. [L. bulimusÿhunger. See Bulimy.] (Zo”l.) A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical America. Bulk (?), n. [OE. bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan. bulk lump, clod, OSw. bolk crowd, mass, Icel. b?lkast to be bulky. Cf. Boll, n., Bile a boil, Bulge, n.] 1. Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great bulk. Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not so great of bulk indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more serviceable. Bacon. 2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a debt. The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them, ½to obtain what by labor can be obtained.¸ J.Morley. 3. (Naut.) The cargo of a vessel when stowed. 4. The body. [Obs.] Shak. My liver leaped within my bulk. Turbervile. Barrel bulk. See under Barrel. Ð To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to unload or more the cargo. Ð In bulk, in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be taken or sold. Ð Laden in bulk, Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. Ð Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure. Syn. - Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness; massiveness. Bulk (?), v.i. [imp. & p.p. Bulked (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulking.] To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell. The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for the moment. Leslie Stephen. Bulk, n. [Icel. b¾lkr a beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. & v.] A projecting part of a building. [Obs.] Here, stand behind this bulk. Shak. Bulk¶er (?), n. (Naut.) A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them. Bulk¶head· (?), n. [See Bulk part of a building.] 1. (Naut.) A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck. 2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must not project; Ð usually, the harbor line. Bulk¶iÏness (?), n. Greatness in bulk; size. Bulk¶y (?), a. Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as, bulky volumes. A bulky digest of the revenue laws. Hawthorne. Bull (?), n. [OE. bule, bul, bole; akin to D. bul, G. bulle, Icel. boli, Lith. bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ. vol'; prob. fr. the root of AS. bellan, E. bellow.] 1. (Zo”l.) The male of any species of cattle (Bovid‘); hence,ÿthe male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale. µ The wild bullÿof the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a large speciesÿof antelope. 2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action. Ps.xxii.12. 3. (Astron.) (a) Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It contains the Pleiades. At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, And the bright Bull receives him. Thomson. 4. (Stock Exchange) One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n., 5. Bull baiting, the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack them. Ð John Bull, a humorous name for the English, collectively; also, an Englishman. ½GoodÐlooking young John Bull.¸ W.D.Howells. Ð To take the bullÿby the horns, to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding it. Bull, a. Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce. Bull batÿ(Zo”l.), the night hawk; Ð so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening. Ð Bull calf. (a) A stupid fellow. Ð Bull mackerel (Zo”l.), the chub mackerel. Ð Bull pump (Mining), a direct singleÐacting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is placedÿaboveÿthe pump. Ð Bull snakeÿ(Zo”l.), the pine snake of the United States. Ð Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag. Ð Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is woundÿfor lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc. Bull, v.i. To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.] Bull, v.t. (Stock Exchange) To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4. Bull, n. [OE. bulle, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F. bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a ball, Boil, v.i.] 1. A seal. See Bulla. 2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated ½a die Incarnationis,¸ i.e., ½from the day of the Incarnation.¸ See Apostolical brief, under Brief. A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome was in the point of abuses. Atterbury. 3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature of the pope's bulls and his professions of humility. And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls, as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic schimatic. Milton. The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental law of the German empire; Ð so called from its golden seal. Syn. - See Blunder. ØBul¶la (?), n.; pl. Bull‘ (?). [L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.] 1. (Med.) A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid. 2. (Anat.) The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla. 3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses it. 4. (Zo”l.) A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell. Bul¶lace (?), n. [OE. bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael. bulaistear.] (Bot.) (a) A small European plum (Prunus communis, var. insitita). See Plum. (b) The bully tree. BulÏlan¶tic (?), a. [See Bull an edict.] Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. Fry. Bullantic letters, Gothic letters used in papal bulls. Bul¶laÏry (?), n. [LL. bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See Bull an edict.] A collection of papal bulls. Bul¶laÏry, n.; pl. Bullaries (?). [Cf. Boilary.] A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery. Crabb. And certain salt fats or bullaries. Bills in Chancery. Bul¶late (?), a. [L. bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.] (Biol.) Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered. Bullate leafÿ(Bot.), a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other. Bull¶beg·gar (?), n. Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of weak mind; a bugbear. And being an illÐlooked fellow, he has a pension from the church wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward children in the parish. Mountfort (1691). Bull¶ bri·er (?). (Bot.) A speciesÿof Smilax (S. PseudoÐChina) growing from New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; Ð called also bamboo brier and China brier. Bull¶combÏer (?), n. (Zo”l.) A scaraboid beetle; esp. the Typh‘us vulgarisÿof Europe. Bull¶dog· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; Ð so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls. 2. (Metal.) A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill. Bull¶dog·, a. Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog batÿ(Zo”l.), a bat of the genus Nyctinomus; Ð so called from the shape of its face. Bull¶doze· (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Bulldozed (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Bulldozing.] To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or violence; Ð used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana. [Slang, U.S.] Bull¶do·zer (?), n. One who bulldozes. [Slang] Bulled (?), a. [Cf. Boln.] Swollen. [Obs.] ØBul¶lenÐbul¶len (?), n. [Native Australian name, from its cry.] (Zo”l.) The lyre bird. Bul¶lenÐnail· (?), n. [Bull large, having a large head + nail.] A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered. Bul¶let (?), n. [F. boulet, dim. of boule ball. See Bull an edict, and cf. Boulet.] 1. A small ball. 2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm. 3. A cannon ball. [Obs.] A ship before Greenwich ... shot off her ordnance, one piece being charged with a bullet of stone. Stow. 4. The fetlock of a horse. [See Illust. under Horse.] Bul¶letÐproof· (?), a. Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bullet tree. See Bully tree. Ð Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet tree. Bul¶leÏtin (?), n. [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.] 1. A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public. 2. Any public notice or announcement, especiallyÿof news recently received. 3. A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding of a society. Bulletin board, a board on which announcements are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc. Bull¶faced· (?), a. Having a large face. Bull¶feast· (?), n. See Bullfight. [Obs.] Bull¶fight· (?), Bull¶fight·ing, n. A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, Ð still popular in Spain. Ð Bull¶fight·er (?), n. Bull¶finch· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A bird of the genus Pyrrhula and other related genera, especially the P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red. µ As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical airs. CrimsonÐfronted bullfinch. (Zo”l.) See Burion. Ð Pine bullfinch, the pine finch. Bull¶fist (?), Bull¶fice (?), n. [Cf. G. bofist, AS. wulfes fist puffball, E. fizz, foist.] (Bot.) A kind of fungus. See Puffball. Bull¶ fly·or Bull¶fly· (?), n. (Zo”l.) Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze flies. Bull¶frog· (?), n. (Zo”l.) A very large species of frog (Rana Catesbiana), found in North America; Ð so named from its loud bellowing in spring. Bull¶head· (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) (a) A freshÐwater fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U. gobioÿof Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; Ð called also miller's thumb. (b) In America, several species of Amiurus; Ð called also catfish, horned pout, and bullpout. (c) A marine fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin. 2. (Zo”l.) (a) The blackÐbellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); Ð called also beetlehead. (b) The golden plover. 3. A stupid fellow; a lubber. [Colloq.] Jonson. 4. (Zo”l.) A small black water insect. E.Phillips. Bullhead whiting (Zo”l.), the kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).

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