Chapter XI: Part 11

Bed¶Ðmold·ing Bed¶Ðmould·ing } (?), n. (Arch.) The molding of a cornice immediately below the corona. Oxf. Gloss. BeÏdote¶ (?), v. t. To cause to dote; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bed¶ouÏin (?), n. [F. b‚douin, OF. b‚duin, fr. Ar. bedawÆ rural, living in the desert, fr. badw desert, fr. bad¾ to live in the desert, to lead a nomadic life.] One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts. Ð Bed¶ouÏinÏism (?), n. Bed¶ouÏin, a. Pertaining to the Bedouins; nomad. Bed¶pan· (?), n. 1. A pan for warming beds. Nares. 2. A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it can be used by a sick person in bed. Bed¶phere· (?), n. See Bedfere. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Bed¶piece· (?), Bed¶plate· (?), } n. (Mach.) The foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are supported and held in place; the bed; Ð called also baseplate and soleplate. Bed¶post· (?), n. 1. One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the canopy over a bedstead. 2. Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed to keep the clothes from falling off. See Bedstaff. Brewer. Bed¶quilt· (?), n. A quilt for a bed; a coverlet. BeÏdrab¶ble (?), v. t. To befoul with rain and mud; to drabble. BeÏdrag¶gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bedraggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedraggling (?). To draggle; to soil, as garments which, in walking, are suffered to drag in dust, mud, etc. Swift. BeÏdrench¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bedrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching.] To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. Shak. BeÏdrib¶ble (?), v. t. To dribble upon. Bed¶rid· (?), Bed¶rid·den (?), } a. [OE. bedrede, AS. bedreda, bedrida; from bed, bedd, a bed or couch + ridda a rider; cf. OHG. pettiriso, G. bettrise. See Bed, n., and Ride, v. i. ] Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity. ½Her decrepit, sick, and bedrid father.¸ Shak. ½The estate of a bedridden old gentleman.¸ Macaulay. Bed¶right· Bed¶rite· } (?), n. [Bed + right, rite.] The duty or privilege of the marriage bed. Shak. BeÏdriz¶zle (?), v. t. To drizzle upon. Bed¶ rock¶ (?). (Mining) The solid rock underlying superficial formations. Also Fig. Bed¶room (?), n. 1. A room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging room. 2. Room in a bed. [In this sense preferably bed room.] Then by your side no bed room me deny. Shak. BeÏdrop¶ (?), v. t. To sprinkle, as with drops. The yellow carp, in scales bedropped with gold. Pope. BeÏdrug¶ (?), v. t. To drug abundantly or excessively. Bed¶ screw· (?). 1. (Naut.) A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and assisting in launching. 2. A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost to one of the adjacent side pieces. Bed¶side· (?), n. The side of a bed. Bed¶site· (?), n. A recess in a room for a bed. Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of fair size, with windows and bedsite well placed. Quart. Rev. Bed¶sore· (?), n. (Med.) A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time in bed. Bed¶spread· (?), n. A bedquilt; a counterpane; a coverlet. [U. S.] Bed¶staff· (?), n.; pl. Bedstaves (?). ½A wooden pin stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to hold the clothes from slipping on either side.¸ Johnson. Hostess, accommodate us with a bedstaff. B. Jonson. Say there is no virtue in cudgels and bedstaves. Brome. Bed¶stead (?), n. [Bed + stead a frame.] A framework for supporting a bed. Bed¶ steps· (?). Steps for mounting a bed of unusual height. Bed¶stock (?), n. The front or the back part of the frame of a bedstead. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.] Bed¶straw· (?), n. 1. Straw put into a bed. Bacon. 2. (Bot.) A genus of slender herbs, usually with square stems, whorled leaves, and small white flowers. Our Lady's bedstraw, which has yellow flowers, is Galium verum. Ð White bedstraw is G. mollugo. Bed¶swerv·er (?), n. One who swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow. [Poetic] Shak. Bed¶tick· (?), n. A tick or bag made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials of a bed. Bed¶time· (?), n. The time to go to bed. Shak. BeÏduck¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beducked (?).] To duck; to put the head under water; to immerse. ½Deep himself beducked.¸ Spenser. Bed¶uin (?), n. See Bedouin. BeÏdung¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bedunged (?).] To cover with dung, as for manuring; to bedaub or defile, literally or figuratively. Bp. Hall. BeÏdust¶ (?), v. t. To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust. Sherwood. Bed¶ward (?), adv. Towards bed. BeÏdwarf¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bedwarfed (?).] To make a dwarf of; to stunt or hinder the growth of; to dwarf. Donne. BeÏdye¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bedyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedyeing.] To dye or stain. Briton fields with Sarazin blood bedyed. Spenser. Bee (?), p. p. of Be; Ð used for been. [Obs.] Spenser. Bee (?), n. [AS. be¢; akin to D. bij and bije, Icel. b?, Sw. & Dan. bi, OHG. pini, G. biene, and perh. Ir. beach, Lith. bitis, Skr. bha. ?97.] 1. (Zo”l.) An insect of the order Hymenoptera, and family Apid‘ (the honeybees), or family Andrenid‘ (the solitary bees.) See Honeybee. µ There are many genera and species. The common honeybee (Apis mellifica) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the A. mellifica there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the A. ligustica of Spain and Italy; the A. Indica of India; the A. fasciata of Egypt. The bumblebee is a species of Bombus. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to Melipoma and Trigona. 2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; as, a quilting bee; a husking bee; a raising bee. [U. S.] The cellar ... was dug by a bee in a single day. S. G. Goodrich. 3. pl. [Prob. fr. AS. be h ring, fr. b?gan to bend. See 1st Bow.] (Naut.) Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the foreÏtopmast stays through; Ð called also bee blocks. Bee beetle (Zo”l.), a beetle (Trichodes apiarius) parasitic in beehives. Ð Bee bird (Zo”l.), a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird. Ð Bee flower (Bot.), an orchidaceous plant of the genus Ophrys (O. apifera), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects. Ð Bee fly (Zo”l.), a two winged fly of the family Bombyliid‘. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees. Ð Bee garden, a garden or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary. Mortimer. Ð Bee glue, a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; Ð called also propolis. Ð Bee hawk (Zo”l.), the honey buzzard. Ð Bee killer (Zo”l.), a large twoÐwinged fly of the family Asilid‘ (esp. Trupanea apivora) which feeds upon the honeybee. See Robber fly. Ð Bee louse (Zo”l.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect (Braula c‘ca) parasitic on hive bees. Ð Bee martin (Zo”l.), the kingbird (Tyrannus Carolinensis) which occasionally feeds on bees. Ð Bee moth (Zo”l.), a moth (Galleria cereana) whose larv‘ feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives. Ð Bee wolf (Zo”l.), the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of Bee beetle. Ð To have a bee in the head or in the bonnet. (a) To be choleric. [Obs.] (b) To be restless or uneasy. B. Jonson. (c) To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy. ½She's whiles crackÐbrained, and has a bee in her head.¸ Sir W. Scott. Bee¶bread· (?), n. A brown, bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by bees as food for their young. Beech (?), n.; pl. Beeches (?). [OE. beche, AS. b?ce; akin to D. beuk, OHG. buocha, G. buche, Icel. beyki, Dan. b”g, Sw. bok, Russ. buk, L. fagus, Gr. ? oak, ? to eat, Skr. bhaksh; the tree being named originally from the esculent fruit. See Book, and cf. 7th Buck, Buckwheat.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Fagus. µ It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and thick foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine are fond. The Fagus sylvatica is the European species, and the F. ferruginea that of America. Beech drops (Bot.), a parasitic plant which grows on the roots of beeches (Epiphegus Americana).Ð Beech marten (Zo”l.), the stone marten of Europe (Mustela foina). Ð Beech mast, the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in autumn. Ð Beech oil, oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the beech tree. Ð Cooper beech, a variety of the European beech with copperÐcolored, shining leaves. Beech¶en (?), a. [AS. b?cen.] Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. ½Plain beechen vessels.¸ Dryden. Beech¶nut· (?), n. The nut of the beech tree. Beech¶ tree· (?). The beech. Beech¶y (?), a. Of or relating to beeches. Bee¶Ðeat·er (?), n. (Zo”l.) (a) A bird of the genus Merops, that feeds on bees. The European species (M. apiaster) is remarkable for its brilliant colors. (b) An African bird of the genus Rhinopomastes. Beef (?), n. [OE. boef, befe, beef, OF. boef, buef, F. b?ef, fr. L. bos, bovis, ox; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. g? cow, and E. cow. See 2d Cow.] 1. An animal of the genus Bos, especially the common species, B. taurus, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food. [In this, which is the original sense, the word has a plural, beeves (?).] A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine. Milton. 2. The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult bovine animal, when slaughtered for food. [In this sense, the word has no plural.] ½Great meals of beef.¸ Shak. 3. Applied colloquially to human flesh. Beef (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, beef. Beef tea, essence of beef, or strong beef broth. Beef¶eat·er (?), n. [Beef + eater; prob. one who eats another's beef, as his servant. Cf. AS. hl¾f?ta servant, properly a loaf eater.] 1. One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy person. 2. One of the yeomen of the guard, in England. 3. (Zo”l.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga, which feeds on the larv‘ of botflies hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two species are known. Beef¶steak· (?), n. A steak of beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for broiling. Beef¶Ðwit·ted (?), n. Stupid; dull. Shak. Beef¶wood· (?), n. An Australian tree (Casuarina), and its red wood, used for cabinetwork; also, the trees Stenocarpus salignus of New South Wales, and Banksia compar of Queensland. Beef¶y, a. Having much beef; of the nature of beef; resembling beef; fleshy. Bee¶hive· (?), n. A hive for a swarm of bees. Also used figuratively. µ A common and typical form of beehive was a domeshaped inverted basket, whence certain ancient Irish and Scotch architectural remains are called beehive houses. Bee¶house· (?), n. A house for bees; an apiary. Bee¶ lark·spur (?). (Bot.) See Larkspur. Beeld (?), n. Same as Beild. Fairfax. Bee¶ line· (?). The shortest line from one place to another, like that of a bee to its hive when loaded with honey; an air line. ½A bee line for the brig.¸ Kane. BeÏel¶zeÏbub (?), n. The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See Baal. Beem (?), n. [AS. b?me, b?me.] A trumpet. [Obs.] Bee¶mas·ter (?), n. One who keeps bees. Been (?). [OE. beon, ben, bin, p. p. of been, beon, to be. See Be.] The past participle of Be. In old authors it is also the pr. tense plural of Be. See 1st Bee. Assembled been a senate grave and stout. Fairfax. Beer (?), n. [OE. beor, ber, AS. be¢r; akin to Fries. biar, Icel. bj?rr, OHG. bior, D. & G. bier, and possibly E. brew. ?93, See Brew.] 1. A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a bitter flavor. µ Beer has different names, as small beer, ale, porter, brown stout, lager beer, according to its strength, or other qualities. See Ale. 2. A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc. Small beer, weak beer; (fig.) insignificant matters. ½To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.¸ Shak. Beer¶eÏgar (?), n. [Beer + eager.] Sour beer. [Obs.] Beer¶house· (?), n. A house where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse. Beer¶iÏness (?), n. Beery condition. Beer¶y (?), a. Of or resembling beer; affected by beer; maudlin. Beest¶ings (?), n. Same as Biestings. Bees¶wax· (?), n. The wax secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed. Bees¶wing· (?), n. The second crust formed in port and some other wines after long keeping. It consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to resemble the wing of a bee. Beet (?), n. [AS. bete, from L. beta.] 1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the genus Beta, which produces an edible root the first year and seed the second year. 2. The root of plants of the genus Beta, different species and varieties of which are used for the table, for feeding stock, or in making sugar. µ There are many varieties of the common beet (Beta vulgaris). The Old ½white beet¸, cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species (Beta Cicla). Beete, Bete (?), v. t. [AS. b?tan to mend. See Better.] 1. To mend; to repair. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To renew or enkindle (a fire). [Obs.] Chaucer. Bee¶tle (?), n. [OE. betel, AS. bÆtl, b?tl, mallet, hammer, fr. be tan to beat. See Beat, v. t.] 1. A heavy mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc. 2. A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills; Ð called also beetling machine. Knight.

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Bee¶tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beetled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beetling.] 1. To beat with a heavy mallet. 2. To finish by subjecting to a hammering process in a beetle or beetling machine; as, to beetle cotton goods. Bee¶tle, n. [OE. bityl, bittle, AS. b?tel, fr. b?tan to bite. See Bite, v. t.] Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded up. See Coleoptera. Beetle mite (Zo”l.), one of many species of mites, of the family Oribatid‘, parasitic on beetles. Ð Black beetle, the common large black cockroach (Blatta orientalis). Bee¶tle, v. i. [See Beetlebrowed.] To extend over and beyond the base or support; to overhang; to jut. To the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea. Shak. Each beetling rampart, and each tower sublime. Wordsworth. Bee¶tle brow· (?). An overhanging brow. Bee¶tleÐbrowed· (?), a. [OE. bitelbrowed; cf. OE. bitel, adj., sharp, projecting, n., a beetle. See Beetle an insect.] Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or sullen. µ The earlier meaning was, ½Having bushy or overhanging eyebrows.¸ Bee¶tleÏhead· (?), n. [Beetle a mallet + head.] 1. A stupid fellow; a blockhead. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Zo”l.) The blackÏbellied plover, or bullhead (Squatarola helvetica). See Plover. Bee¶tleÐhead·ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. Shak. Bee¶tleÏstock· (?), n. The handle of a beetle. Beet¶ rad·ish (?). Same as Beetrave. Beet¶rave· (?), n. [F. betterave; bette beet + rave radish.] The common beet (Beta vulgaris). Beeve (?), n. [Formed from beeves, pl. of beef.] A beef; a beef creature. They would knock down the first beeve they met with. W. Irving. Beeves (?), n.; plural of Beef, the animal. BeÏfall¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Befell (?); p. p. Befallen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Befalling.] [ AS. befeallan; pref. beÏ + feallan to fall.] To happen to. I beseech your grace that I may know The worst that may befall me. Shak. BeÏfall¶, v. i. To come to pass; to happen. I have revealed ... the discord which befell. Milton. BeÏfit¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Befitting.] To be suitable to; to suit; to become. That name best befits thee. Milton. BeÏfit¶ting, a. Suitable; proper; becoming; fitting. BeÏfit¶tingÏly, adv. In a befitting manner; suitably. BeÏflat¶ter (?), v. t. To flatter excessively. BeÏflow¶er (?), v. t. To besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers. Hobbes. BeÏfog¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Befogging (?).] 1. To involve in a fog; Ð mostly as a participle or part. adj. 2. Hence: To confuse; to mystify. BeÏfool¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Befooling.] [OE. befolen; pref. beÏ + fol fool.] 1. To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to deceive. This story ... contrived to befool credulous men. Fuller. 2. To cause to behave like a fool; to make foolish. ½Some befooling drug.¸ G. Eliot. BeÏfore¶ (?), prep. [OE. beforen, biforen, before, AS. beforan; pref. beÏ + foran, fore, before. See BeÏ, and Fore.] 1. In front of; preceding in space; ahead of; as, to stand before the fire; before the house. His angel, who shall go Before them in a cloud and pillar of fire. Milton. 2. Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to; anterior to the time when; Ð sometimes with the additional idea of purpose; in order that. Before Abraham was, I am. John viii. 58. Before this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary. Swift. µ Formerly before, in this sense, was followed by that. ½Before that Philip called thee... I saw thee.¸ John i. 48. 3. An advance of; farther onward, in place or time. The golden age ... is before us. Carlyle. 4. Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank, right, or worth; rather than. He that cometh after me is preferred before me. John i. 15. The eldest son is before the younger in succession. Johnson. 5. In presence or sight of; face to face with; facing. Abraham bowed down himself before the people. Gen. xxiii. 12. Wherewith shall I come before the Lord? Micah vi. 6. 6. Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of. If a suit be begun before an archdeacon. Ayliffe. 7. Open for; free of access to; in the power of. The world was all before them where to choose. Milton. Before the mast (Naut.), as a common sailor, Ð because the sailors live in the forecastle, forward of the foremast. Ð Before the wind (Naut.), in the direction of the wind and by its impulse; having the wind aft. BeÏfore¶, adv. 1. On the fore part; in front, or in the direction of the front; Ð opposed to in the rear. The battle was before and behind. 2 Chron. xiii. 14. 2. In advance. ½I come before to tell you.¸ Shak. 3. In time past; previously; already. You tell me, mother, what I knew before. Dryden. 4. Earlier; sooner than; until then. When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop before. Shak. µ Before is often used in selfÐexplaining compounds; as, beforeÐcited, beforeÐmentioned; beforesaid. BeÏfore¶hand· (?), adv. [Before + hand.] 1. In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in advance; Ð often followed by with. Agricola ... resolves to be beforehand with the danger. Milton. The last cited author has been beforehand with me. Addison. 2. By way of preparation, or preliminary; previously; aforetime. They may be taught beforehand the skill of speaking. Hooker. BeÏfore¶hand·, a. In comfortable circumstances as regards property; forehanded. Rich and much beforehand. Bacon. BeÏfore¶time· (?), adv. Formerly; aforetime. [They] dwelt in their tents, as beforetime. 2 Kings xiii. 5. BeÏfor¶tune (?), v. t. To befall. [Poetic] I wish all good befortune you. Shak. BeÏfoul¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befouled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Befouling.] [Cf. AS. bef?lan; pref. beÏ + f?lan to foul. See Foul, a.] 1. To make foul; to soil. 2. To entangle or run against so as to impede motion. BeÏfriend¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befriended; p. pr. & vb. n. Befriending.] To act as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance. By the darkness befriended. Longfellow. BeÏfriend¶ment (?), n. Act of befriending. [R.] BeÏfrill¶ (?), v. t. To furnish or deck with a frill. BeÏfringe¶ (?), v. t. To furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as with fringe. Fuller. BeÏfud¶dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Befuddled (?)] To becloud and confuse, as with liquor. Beg (?), n. [Turk. beg, pronounced bay. Cf. Bey, Begum.] A title of honor in Turkey and in some other parts of the East; a bey. Beg (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Begging.] [OE. beggen, perh. fr. AS. bedecian (akin to Goth. bedagwa beggar), biddan to ask. (Cf. Bid, v. t.); or cf. beghard, beguin.] 1. To ask earnestly for; to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech. I do beg your good will in this case. Shak. [Joseph] begged the body of Jesus. Matt. xxvii. 58. Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than earnest, asking; as, I beg your pardon; I beg leave to disagree with you. 2. To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for habitually or from house to house. Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. Ps. xxxvii. 25. 3. To make petition to; to entreat; as, to beg a person to grant a favor. 4. To take for granted; to assume without proof. 5. (Old Law) To ask to be appointed guardian for, or to ask to have a guardian appointed for. Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards. Harrington. Hence: To beg (one) for a fool, to take him for a fool. I beg to, is an elliptical expression for I beg leave to; as, I beg to inform you. Ð To bag the question, to assume that which was to be proved in a discussion, instead of adducing the proof or sustaining the point by argument. Ð To go aÏbegging, a figurative phrase to express the absence of demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as, grapes are so plentiful there that they go aÏbegging. Syn. Ð To Beg, Ask, Request. To ask (not in the sense of inquiring) is the generic term which embraces all these words. To request is only a polite mode of asking. To beg, in its original sense, was to ask with earnestness, and implied submission, or at least deference. At present, however, in polite life, beg has dropped its original meaning, and has taken the place of both ask and request, on the ground of its expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we beg a person's acceptance of a present; we beg him to favor us with his company; a tradesman begs to announce the arrival of new goods, etc. Crabb remarks that, according to present usage, ½we can never talk of asking a person's acceptance of a thing, or of asking him to do us a favor.¸ This can be more truly said of usage in England than in America. Beg, v. i. To ask alms or charity, especially to ask habitually by the wayside or from house to house; to live by asking alms. I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed. Luke xvi. 3. ØBe¶ga (?), n. See Bigha. BeÏgem¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Begemming.] To adorn with gems, or as with gems. Begemmed with dewdrops. Sir W. Scott. Those lonely realms bright garden isles begem. Shelley. BeÏget¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Begot (?), (Archaic) Begat (?); p. p. Begot, Begotten (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Begetting.] [OE. bigiten, bigeten, to get, beget, AS. begitan to get; pref. beÏ + gitan. See Get, v. t. ] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; Ð commonly said of the father. Yet they a beauteous offspring shall beget. Milton. 2. To get (with child.) [Obs.] Shak. 3. To produce as an effect; to cause to exist. Love is begot by fancy. Granville. BeÏget¶ter (?), n. One who begets; a father. Beg¶gaÏble (?), a. Capable of being begged. Beg¶gar (?), n. [OE. beggere, fr. beg.] 1. One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with humility; a petitioner. 2. One who makes it his business to ask alms. 3. One who is dependent upon others for support; Ð a contemptuous or sarcastic use. 4. One who assumes in argument what he does not prove. Abp. Tillotson. Beg¶gar, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beggared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beggaring.] 1. To reduce to beggary; to impoverish; as, he had beggared himself. Milton. 2. To cause to seem very poor and inadequate. It beggared all description. Shak. Beg¶garÏhood (?), n. The condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars. Beg¶garÏism (?), n. Beggary. [R.] Beg¶garÏliÏness (?), n. The quality or state of being beggarly; meanness. Beg¶garÏly (?), a. 1. In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a beggar; extremely indigent; povertyÏstricken; mean; poor; contemptible.½A bankrupt, beggarly fellow.¸ South. ½A beggarly fellowship.¸ Swift. ½Beggarly elements.¸ Gal. iv. 9. 2. Produced or occasioned by beggary. [Obs.] Beggarly sins, that is, those sins which idleness and beggary usually betray men to; such as lying, flattery, stealing, and dissimulation. Jer. Taylor. Beg¶garÏly, adv. In an indigent, mean, or despicable manner; in the manner of a beggar. Beg¶gar's lice· (?). (Bot.) The prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of Echinospermum and Cynoglossum) which cling to the clothing of those who brush by them. Beg¶gar's ticks· (?). The bur marigold (Bidens) and its achenes, which are armed with barbed awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant tenacity. Beg¶garÏy (?), n. [OE. beggerie. See Beggar, n.] 1. The act of begging; the state of being a beggar; mendicancy; extreme poverty. 2. Beggarly appearance. [R.] The freedom and the beggary of the old studio. Thackeray. Syn. Ð Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy. Beg¶garÏy, a. Beggarly. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Beg¶geÏstere (?), n. [Beg + Ïster.] A beggar. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏghard¶ BeÏguard¶ } (?), n. [F. b‚gard, b‚guard; cf. G. beghard, LL. Beghardus, Begihardus, Begardus. Prob. from the root of beguine + Ïard or Ïhard. See Beguine.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of an association of religious laymen living in imitation of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth century, were afterward subjected to much persecution, and were suppressed by Innocent X. in 1650. Called also Beguins. BeÏgild¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begilded or Begilt (?).] To gild. B. Jonson. BeÏgin¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Began (?), Begun (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beginning (?).] [AS. beginnan (akin to OS. biginnan, D. & G. beginnen, OHG. biginnan, Goth., duÏginnan, Sw. begynna, Dan. begynde); pref. beÏ + an assumed ginnan. ?31. See Gin to begin.] 1. To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take rise; to commence. Vast chain of being ! which from God began. Pope. 2. To do the first act or the first part of an action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to start. ½Tears began to flow.¸ Dryden. When I begin, I will also make an end. 1 Sam. iii. 12. BeÏgin¶, v. t. 1. To enter on; to commence. Ye nymphs of Solyma ! begin the song. Pope. 2. To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or place a beginning of. The apostle begins our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to the knowledge of God. Locke. Syn. Ð To commence; originate; set about; start. BeÏgin¶, n. Beginning. [Poetic & Obs.] Spenser. BeÏgin¶ner (?), n. One who begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro. A sermon of a new beginner. Swift. BeÏgin¶ning (?), n. 1. The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. i. 1. 2. That which begins or originates something; the first cause; origin; source. I am ... the beginning and the ending. Rev. i. 8. 3. That which is begun; a rudiment or element. Mighty things from small beginnings grow. Dryden. 4. Enterprise. ½To hinder our beginnings.¸ Shak. Syn. Ð Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin; outset; foundation. BeÏgird¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Begirt (?), Begirded; p. p. Begirt; p. pr. & vb. n. Begirding.] [AS. begyrdan (akin to Goth. bigairdan); pref. beÏ + gyrdan to gird.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle; to gird. 2. To surround as with a band; to encompass. BeÏgir¶dle (?), v. t. To surround as with a girdle. BeÏgirt¶ (?), v. t. To encompass; to begird. Milton. ØBeg¶lerÏbeg· (?), n. [Turk. beglerbeg, fr. beg, pl. begler. See Beg, n.] The governor of a province of the Ottoman empire, next in dignity to the grand vizier. BeÏgnaw¶ (?), v. t. [p. p. Begnawed (?), (R.) Begnawn (?).] [AS. begnagan; pref. beÏ + gnagan to gnaw.] To gnaw; to eat away; to corrode. The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul. Shak. BeÏgod¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begodded.] To exalt to the dignity of a god; to deify. [Obs.] ½Begodded saints.¸ South. BeÏgone¶ (?), interj. [Be, v. i. + gone, p. p.] Go away; depart; get you gone. BeÏgone¶, p. p. [OE. begon, AS. big¾n; pref. beÏ + g¾n to go.] Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in woeÏbegone). [Obs.] Gower. Chaucer. BeÏgo¶niÏa (?), n. [From Michel Begon, a promoter of botany.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species of which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously oneÐsided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.

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BeÏgore¶ (?), v. t. To besmear with gore. BeÏgot¶ (?), imp. & p. p. of Beget. BeÏgot¶ten (?), p. p. of Beget. BeÏgrave¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. beÏ + grave; akin to G. begraben, Goth. bigraban to dig a ditch around.] To bury; also, to engrave. [Obs.] Gower. BeÏgrease¶ (?), v. t. To soil or daub with grease or other oily matter. BeÏgrime¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begrimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Begriming.] To soil with grime or dirt deeply impressed or rubbed in. Books falling to pieces and begrimed with dust. Macaulay. BeÏgrim¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, begrimes. BeÏgrudge¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Begrudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Begrudging.] To grudge; to envy the possession of. BeÏguile¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beguiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Beguiling.] 1. To delude by guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on, as by a false statement; to lure. The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. Gen. iii. 13. 2. To elude, or evade by craft; to foil. [Obs.] When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage. Shak. 3. To cause the time of to pass without notice; to relieve the tedium or weariness of; to while away; to divert. Ballads ... to beguile his incessant wayfaring. W. Irving. Syn. Ð To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse; divert; entertain. BeÏguile¶ment (?), n. The act of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled. BeÏguil¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, beguiles. BeÏguil¶ing, a. Alluring by guile; deluding; misleading; diverting. Ð BeÏguil¶ingÏly, adv. ØBe·guin¶ (?), n. [F.] See Beghard. ØBe·gui·nage¶ (?), n. [F.] A collection of small houses surrounded by a wall and occupied by a community of Beguines. ØBe·guine¶ (?), n. [F. b‚guine; LL. beguina, beghina; fr. Lambert le BŠgue (the Stammerer) the founder of the order. (Du Cange.)] A woman belonging to one of the religious and charitable associations or communities in the Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose members live in beguinages and are not bound by perpetual vows. ØBe¶gum (?), n. [Per., fr. Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr. Turk. beg (see Beg, n.) + Ar. umm mother.] In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank. Malcom. BeÏgun¶ (?), p. p. of Begin. BeÏhalf¶ (?), n. [OE. onÏbehalve in the name of, bihalven by the side of, fr. AS. healf half, also side, part: akin to G. halb half, halber on account of. See BeÏ, and Half, n.] Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support; defense; vindication. In behalf of his mistress's beauty. Sir P. Sidney. Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in behalf of his nation. Clarendon. In behalf of, in the interest of. Ð On behalf of, on account of; on the part of. BeÏhap¶pen (?), v. t. To happen to. [Obs.] BeÏhave¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Behaved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Behaving.] [AS. behabban to surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. gehaben (obs.) to have, sich gehaben to behave or carry one's self); pref. beÏ + habban to have. See Have, v. t. ] 1. To manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle; to restrain. [Obs.] He did behave his anger ere 't was spent. Shak. 2. To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to bear; Ð used reflexively. Those that behaved themselves manfully. 2 Macc. ii. 21. BeÏhave¶, v. i. To act; to conduct; to bear or carry one's self; as, to behave well or ill. µ This verb is often used colloquially without an adverb of manner; as, if he does not behave, he will be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as, the ship behaved splendidly. BeÏhav¶ior (?), n. Manner of behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting one's self; conduct; deportment; carriage; Ð used also of inanimate objects; as, the behavior of a ship in a storm; the behavior of the magnetic needle. A gentleman that is very singular in his behavior. Steele. To be upon one's good behavior, To be put upon one's good behavior, to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct. Ð During good behavior, while (or so long as) one conducts one's self with integrity and fidelity or with propriety. Syn. Ð Bearing; demeanor; manner. Ð Behavior, Conduct. Behavior is the mode in which we have or bear ourselves in the presence of others or toward them; conduct is the mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life. Behavior respects our manner of acting in particular cases; conduct refers to the general tenor of our actions. We may say of soldiers, that their conduct had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign, and their behavior admirable in every instance when they met the enemy. BeÏhead¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beheaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Beheading.] [OE. bihefden, AS. behe fdian; pref. beÏ + he fod head. See Head.] To sever the head from; to take off the head of. BeÏhead¶al (?), n. Beheading. [Modern] BeÏheld¶ (?), imp. & p. p. of Behold. Be¶heÏmoth (?), n. [Heb. behem?th, fr. Egyptian PÏeheÏmaut hippopotamus.] An animal, probably the hippopotamus, described in Job xl. 15Ð24. Be¶hen (?), Behn (?), n. [Per. & Ar. bahman, behmen, an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn, saffron.] (Bot.) (a) The Centaurea behen, or sawÐleaved centaury. (b) The Cucubalus behen, or bladder campion, now called Silene inflata. (c) The Statice limonium, or sea lavender. BeÏhest¶ (?), n. [OE. biheste promise, command, AS. beh?s promise; pref. beÏ + h?s command. See Hest, Hight.] 1. That which is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an injunction. To do his master's high behest. Sir W. Scott. 2. A vow; a promise. [Obs.] The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the behest that I have made. Paston. BeÏhest¶, v. t. To vow. [Obs.] Paston. BeÏhete¶ (?), v. t. See Behight. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏhight¶ (?), v. t. [imp. Behight; p. p. Behight, Behoten.] [ OE. bihaten, AS. beh¾tan to vow, promise; pref. beÏ + h¾tan to call, command. See Hight, v.] [Obs. in all its senses.] 1. To promise; to vow. Behight by vow unto the chaste Minerve. Surrey. 2. To give in trust; to commit; to intrust. The keys are to thy hand behight. Spenser. 3. To adjudge; to assign by authority. The second was to Triamond behight. Spenser. 4. To mean, or intend. More than heart behighteth. Mir. for Mag. 5. To consider or esteem to be; to declare to be. All the lookersÏon him dead behight. Spenser. 6. To call; to name; to address. Whom ... he knew and thus behight. Spenser. 7. To command; to order. He behight those gates to be unbarred. Spenser. BeÏhight¶, n. A vow; a promise. [Obs.] Surrey. BeÏhind¶ (?), prep. [AS. behindan; pref. beÏ + hindan. See Hind, a.] 1. On the side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side of; at the back of; on the other side of; as, behind a door; behind a hill. A tall Brabanter, behind whom I stood. Bp. Hall. 2. Left after the departure of, whether this be by removing to a distance or by death. A small part of what he left behind him. Pope. 3. Left a distance by, in progress of improvement Hence: Inferior to in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or in any achievement. I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. 2 Cor. xi. 5. BeÏhind¶, adv. 1. At the back part; in the rear. ½I shall not lag behind.¸ Milton. 2. Toward the back part or rear; backward; as, to look behind. 3. Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited to view; out of sight; remaining. We can not be sure that there is no evidence behind. Locke. 4. Backward in time or order of succession; past. Forgetting those things which are behind. Phil. ii. 13. 5. After the departure of another; as, to stay behind. Leave not a rack behind. Shak. BeÏhind¶, n. The backside; the rump. [Low] BeÏhind¶hand· (?), adv. & a. [Behind + hand.] 1. In arrears financially; in a state where expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds. 2. In a state of backwardness, in respect to what is seasonable or appropriate, or as to what should have been accomplished; not equally forward with some other person or thing; dilatory; backward; late; tardy; as, behindhand in studies or in work. In this also [dress] the country are very much behindhand. Addison. BeÏhith¶er (?), prep. On this side of. [Obs.] Two miles behither Clifden. Evelyn. BeÏhold¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Beheld (?) (p. p. formerly Beholden (?), now used only as a p. a.); p. pr. & vb. n. Beholding.] [OE. bihalden, biholden, AS. behealdan to hold, have in sight; pref. beÏ + healdan to hold, keep; akin to G. behalten to hold, keep. See Hold.] To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with the eyes. When he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. Num. xxi. 9. Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John. i. 29. Syn. Ð To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern. BeÏhold¶, v. i. To direct the eyes to, or fix them upon, an object; to look; to see. And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne, ... a lamb as it had been slain. Rev. v. 6. BeÏhold¶en (?), p. a. [Old p. p. of behold, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb hold.] Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted. But being so beholden to the Prince. Tennyson. BeÏhold¶er (?), n. One who beholds; a spectator. BeÏhold¶ing, a. Obliged; beholden. [Obs.] I was much bound and beholding to the right reverend father. Robynson (More's Utopia). So much hath Oxford been beholding to her nephews, or sister's children. Fuller. BeÏhold¶ing, n. The act of seeing; sight; also, that which is beheld. Shak. BeÏhold¶ingÏness, n., The state of being obliged or beholden. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. BeÏhoof¶ (?), n. [OE. to bihove for the use of, AS. beh?f advantage, a word implied in beh?flÆc necessary; akin to Sw. behof, Dan. behov, G. behuf, and E. heave, the root meaning to seize, hence the meanings ½to hold, make use of.¸ See Heave, v. t.] Advantage; profit; benefit; interest; use. No mean recompense it brings To your behoof. Milton. BeÏhoov¶aÏble (?), a. Supplying need; profitable; advantageous. [Obs.] Udall. BeÏhoove¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Behooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Behooving.] [OE. bihoven, behoven, AS. beh?fian to have need of, fr. beh?f. See Behoof.] To be necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience; Ð mostly used impersonally. And thus it behooved Christ to suffer. Luke xxiv. 46. [Also written behove.] BeÏhoove¶ (?), v. i. To be necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due. Chaucer. BeÏhoove¶, n. Advantage; behoof. [Obs.] It shall not be to his behoove. Gower. BeÏhoove¶ful (?), a. Advantageous; useful; profitable. [Archaic] Ð BeÏhoove¶fulÏly, adv. Ð BeÏhoove¶fulÏness, n. [Archaic] BeÏhove¶ (?), v., and derivatives. See Behoove, & c. BeÏhove¶ly, a. & adv. Useful, or usefully. [Obs.] BeÏhowl¶ (?), v. t. To howl at. [Obs.] The wolf behowls the moon. Shak. ØBeige (?), n. [F.] Debeige. Beild (?), n. [Prob. from the same root as build, v. t.] A place of shelter; protection; refuge. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] [Also written bield and beeld.] The random beild o' clod or stane. Burns. Be¶ing (?), p. pr. from Be. Existing. µ Being was formerly used where we now use having. ½Being to go to a ball in a few days.¸ Miss Edgeworth. µ In modern usage, is, are, was or were being, with a past participle following (as built, made, etc.) indicates the process toward the completed result expressed by the participle. The form is or was building, in this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern is or was being built. The last form of speech is, however, sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression was is, or was, aÐbuilding or in building. A man who is being strangled. Lamb. While the article on Burns was being written. Froude. Fresh experience is always being gained. Jowett (Thucyd.) Be¶ing, n. 1. Existence, as opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence. In Him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts xvii. 28. 2. That which exists in any form, whether it be material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as distinguished from a thing without life; as, a human being; spiritual beings. What a sweet being is an honest mind ! Beau. & Fl. A Being of infinite benevolence and power. Wordsworth. 3. Lifetime; mortal existence. [Obs.] Claudius, thou Wast follower of his fortunes in his being. Webster (1654). 4. An abode; a cottage. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into little beings within my manor. Steele. Be¶ing, adv. Since; inasmuch as. [Obs. or Colloq.] And being you have Declined his means, you have increased his malice. Beau. & Fl. BeÏjade¶ (?), v. t. To jade or tire. [Obs.] Milton. BeÏjape¶ (?), v. t. To jape; to laugh at; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏjaun¶dice (?), v. t. To infect with jaundice. BeÏjew¶el (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Bejeweled or Bejewelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Bejeweling or Bejewelling.] To ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle. ½Bejeweled hands.¸ Thackeray. BeÏjum¶ble (?), v. t. To jumble together. ØBe¶kah (?), n. [Heb.] Half a shekel. BeÏknave¶ (?), v. t. To call knave. [Obs.] Pope. BeÏknow¶ (?), v. t. To confess; to acknowledge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bel (?), n. The Babylonian name of the god known among the Hebrews as Baal. See Baal. Baruch vi. 41. BeÏla¶bor (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Belabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Belaboring.] 1. To ply diligently; to work carefully upon. ½If the earth is belabored with culture, it yieldeth corn.¸ Barrow. 2. To beat soundly; to cudgel. Ajax belabors there a harmless ox. Dryden. Bel·ÐacÏcoyle¶ (?), n. [F. bel beautiful + accueil reception.] A kind or favorable reception or salutation. [Obs.] BeÏlace¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Belaced (?).] 1. To fasten, as with a lace or cord. [Obs.] 2. To cover or adorn with lace. [Obs.] Beaumont. 3. To beat with a strap. See Lace. [Obs.] Wright. BeÏlam¶ (?), v. t. [See Lam.] To beat or bang. [Prov. & Low, Eng.] Todd. Bel¶aÏmour (?), n. [F. bel amour fair love.] 1. A lover. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. A flower, but of what kind is unknown. [Obs.] Her snowy brows, like budded belamours. Spenser. Bel¶aÏmy (?), n. [F. bel ami fair friend.] Good friend; dear friend. [Obs.] Chaucer. BeÏlate¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Belated; p. pr. & vb. n. Belating.] To retard or make too late. Davenant. BeÏlat¶ed, a. Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted. ½Some belated peasant.¸ Milton. Ð BeÏlat¶edÏness, n. Milton. BeÏlaud¶ (?), v. t. To laud or praise greatly. BeÏlay¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Belaid, Belayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Belaying.] [For senses 1 & 2, D. beleggen to cover, belay; akin to E. pref. beÏ, and lay to place: for sense 3, OE. beleggen, AS. belecgan. See pref. BeÏ, and Lay to place.] 1. To lay on or cover; to adorn. [Obs.] Jacket ... belayed with silver lace. Spenser. 2. (Naut.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel. Totten. 3. To lie in wait for with a view to assault. Hence: to block up or obstruct. [Obs.] Dryden. Belay thee! Stop.

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