Chapter XCII: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (27)

Turkey:
unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye
Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 18 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
DSP 136, MHP 130, FP 110, DYP 86, ANAP 88; note - as of 7 March 2000
seating was DSP 136, MHP 127, FP 103, DYP 85, ANAP 88 independents
6, vacancies 5

Turkmenistan:
under the 1992 constitution, there are two
parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk
Maslahaty (more than 100 seats, some of which are elected by popular
vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a
unicameral Assembly or Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: People's Council - NA; Assembly - last held 12 December
1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - NA; note - all 50 elected officials preapproved by
President NIYAZOV; most are from the DPT

Turks and Caicos Islands:
unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats,
of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 4 March 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 52.2%, PNP 40.9%,
independent 6.9%; seats by party - PDM 9, PNP 4

Tuvalu:
unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of
Assembly (12 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 12

Uganda:
unicameral National Assembly (276 members - 214 directly
elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established special
interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army 10,
disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held May or June
2001);

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted

Ukraine:
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats;
under Ukraine's new election law, half of the Supreme Council's
seats are allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that
gain 4% or more of the national electoral vote; the other 225
members are elected by popular vote in single-mandate
constituencies; all serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 29 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party (for parties clearing 4%
hurdle on 29 March 1998) - Communist Party 24.7%, Rukh (combined)
9.4%, SPU/SelPU 8.6%, PZU 5.3%, People's Democratic Party 5.0%,
Hromada Party 4.7%, Progressive Socialist Party 4.0%, United Social
Democratic Party 4.0%; seats by party (as of 25 February 2000) -
Communist Party 115, PRVU 36, Fatherland Party 35, United Social
Democratic Party 34, People's Democratic Party 27, Trudova Ukrayina
Party 27, Rukh K 27, left-center 23, PZU 18, Rukh U 17, SelPU 15,
Hromada Party 14, Reforms-Congress 12, independents 14, unaffiliated
31, vacant 5

United Arab Emirates:
unicameral Federal National Council or Majlis
al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; members appointed by the rulers of
the constituent states to serve two-year terms)

elections: none

note: reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto

United Kingdom:
bicameral Parliament comprised of House of Lords
(consists of approximately 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and
26 clergy) and House of Commons (659 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved
earlier)

elections: House of Lords - no elections (some proposals for
further reform include elections); House of Commons - last held 7
June 2001 (next to be held by NA May 2006)

election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - Labor 412, Conservative and Unionist 166,
Liberal Democrat 52, other 29

note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Parliament
(because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer
of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of
1999 and was rescinded in February 2000); in 1999 there were
elections for a new Scottish Parliament and a new Welsh Assembly

United States:
bicameral Congress consists of Senate (100 seats,
one-third are renewed every two years; two members are elected from
each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and House of
Representatives (435 seats; members are directly elected by popular
vote to serve two-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 4
November 2002); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000
(next to be held 4 November 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - Republican Party 50, Democratic Party 50; House of
Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Republican Party 221, Democratic Party 211, independent 2, vacant 1

Uruguay:
bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of
Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to
be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October
1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10,
Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro
Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space
Coalition 4

Uzbekistan:
unicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis (250 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 5 December and 19 December 1999 (next to be
held NA December 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NDP 48, Self-Sacrificers Party 34, Fatherland Progress Party 20,
Adolat Social Democratic Party 11, MTP 10, citizens' groups 16,
local government 110, vacant 1

note: not all seats in the last Supreme Assembly election were
contested; all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President
KARIMOV

Vanuatu:
unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular
vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
VP 18, UMP 12, NUP 11, other and independent 11; note - political
party associations are fluid; there have been four changes of
government since the November 1995 elections

note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of custom
and land

Venezuela:
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional; 165
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms;
three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela

elections: last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results: Pro-government: percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - MVR 92, MAS 6, indigenous 3, other parties 7;
Opposition: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AD 33,
COPEI 6, Justice First 5, other parties 13

Vietnam:
unicameral National Assembly or Quoc-Hoi (450 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 20 July 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - CPV 92%, other 8% (the
8% are not CPV members but are approved by the CPV to stand for
election); seats by party - CPV or CPV-approved 450

Virgin Islands:
unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve two-year terms)

elections: last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Democratic Party 6, ICM 2, independents 7

note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to
the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000
(next to be held NA November 2002); results - Donna M.
CHRISTIAN-CHRISTENSON (Democrat) elected

Wallis and Futuna:
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee
Territoriale (20 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 16 March 1997 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
RPR 14, other 6

note: Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the French Senate and
one deputy to the French National Assembly; French Senate -
elections last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by NA
September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats -
RPR 1; French National Assembly - elections last held 25 May-1 June
1997 (next to be held by NA March 2002); results - percent of vote
by party - NA; seats - RPR 1

Yemen:
a new constitutional amendment ratified on 20 February 2001
created a bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111
seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of
Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
six-year terms)

elections: last held 27 April 1997 (next to be held 27 April 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
GPC 189, Islah 52, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab
Socialist Baath Party 2, independents 54, election pending 1; latest
seats by party: GPC 223, Islah 64, Nasserite Unionist Party 3,
National Arab Socialist Baath Party 2, YSP 2, independents 7

Yugoslavia:
bicameral Federal Assembly or Savezna Skupstina consists
of the Chamber of Republics or Vece Republika (40 seats - 20
Serbian, 20 Montenegrin; members distributed on the basis of party
representation in the republican assemblies to serve four-year
terms; note - the Assembly passed a new constitutional amendment
calling for direct elections for the deputies to the upper chamber)
and the Chamber of Citizens or Vece Gradjana (138 seats - 108
Serbian with half elected by constituency majorities and half by
proportional representation, 30 Montenegrin with six elected by
constituency and 24 proportionally; members serve four-year terms)

elections: Chamber of Republics - last held 24 September 2000 (next
to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Citizens - last held 24 September
2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Chamber of Republics - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - SNP 19, DOS 10, SPS/JUL 7, SRS 2, SPO 1, SNS
1; note - seats are filled on a proportional basis to reflect the
composition of the legislatures of the republics of Montenegro and
Serbia; since 1998 Serbia has effectively barred Montenegro from its
constitutional right to delegate deputies to the Chamber of
Republics; Chamber of Citizens - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - DOS 55, SPS/JUL 46, SNP 28, SRS 4, SNS 2, other 3

Zambia:
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December
2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10

Zimbabwe:
unicameral parliament, called House of Assembly (150 seats
- 120 elected by popular vote for six-year terms, 12 nominated by
the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their
peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors)

elections: last held 24-25 June 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 47.2%, MDC
45.6%, ZANU-Ndonga 0.7%, United Parties 0.7%; seats by party -
ZANU-PF 63, MDC 56, ZANU-Ndonga 1

Taiwan:
unicameral Legislative Yuan (225 seats - 168 elected by
popular vote, 41 elected on the basis of the proportion of
nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight
elected from overseas Chinese constituencies on the basis of the
proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political
parties, eight elected by popular vote among the aboriginal
populations; members serve three-year terms) and unicameral National
Assembly (300 seats, note - total number of seats has been reduced
from 334 to 300 since the last election; members are elected by
proportional representation based on the election of the Legislative
Yuan and serve four-year terms)

elections: Legislative Yuan - last held 5 December 1998 (next to be
held NA December 2001); National Assembly - last held 23 March 1996
(next to be held NA June 2002)

election results: Legislative Yuan - percent of vote by party - KMT
46%, DPP 29%, CNP 7%, independents 10%, other parties 8%; seats by
party - KMT 123, DPP 70, CNP 11, independents 15, other parties 6;
subsequent to the election there have been some changes in the
distribution of seats in the Legislative Yuan due to new party
formation and party defections, the new distribution is as follows -
KMT 114, DPP 66, PFP 17, NP 9, other/independent 19; National
Assembly - percent of vote by party - KMT 55%, DPP 30%, CNP 14%,
other 1%; seats by party - KMT 183, DPP 99, CNP 46, other 6

======================================================================

@Life expectancy at birth

Afghanistan:
total population: 46.24 years

male: 46.97 years

female: 45.47 years (2001 est.)

Albania:
total population: 71.83 years

male: 69.01 years

female: 74.87 years (2001 est.)

Algeria:
total population: 69.95 years

male: 68.6 years

female: 71.34 years (2001 est.)

American Samoa:
total population: 75.32 years

male: 70.89 years

female: 80.02 years (2001 est.)

Andorra:
total population: 83.47 years

male: 80.57 years

female: 86.57 years (2001 est.)

Angola:
total population: 38.59 years

male: 37.36 years

female: 39.87 years (2001 est.)

Anguilla:
total population: 76.31 years

male: 73.41 years

female: 79.29 years (2001 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda:
total population: 70.74 years

male: 68.45 years

female: 73.14 years (2001 est.)

Argentina:
total population: 75.26 years

male: 71.88 years

female: 78.82 years (2001 est.)

Armenia:
total population: 66.49 years

male: 62.12 years

female: 71.08 years (2001 est.)

Aruba:
total population: 78.52 years

male: 75.16 years

female: 82.04 years (2001 est.)

Australia:
total population: 79.87 years

male: 77.02 years

female: 82.87 years (2001 est.)

Austria:
total population: 77.84 years

male: 74.68 years

female: 81.15 years (2001 est.)

Azerbaijan:
total population: 62.96 years

male: 58.65 years

female: 67.49 years (2001 est.)

Bahamas, The:
total population: 70.46 years

male: 67.27 years

female: 73.71 years (2001 est.)

Bahrain:
total population: 73.2 years

male: 70.81 years

female: 75.67 years (2001 est.)

Bangladesh:
total population: 60.54 years

male: 60.74 years

female: 60.33 years (2001 est.)

Barbados:
total population: 73.25 years

male: 70.66 years

female: 75.86 years (2001 est.)

Belarus:
total population: 68.14 years

male: 62.06 years

female: 74.52 years (2001 est.)

Belgium:
total population: 77.96 years

male: 74.63 years

female: 81.46 years (2001 est.)

Belize:
total population: 71.19 years

male: 68.91 years

female: 73.57 years (2001 est.)

Benin:
total population: 49.94 years

male: 49.02 years

female: 50.88 years (2001 est.)

Bermuda:
total population: 77.12 years

male: 75.04 years

female: 79.06 years (2001 est.)

Bhutan:
total population: 52.79 years

male: 53.16 years

female: 52.41 years (2001 est.)

Bolivia:
total population: 64.06 years

male: 61.53 years

female: 66.72 years (2001 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
total population: 71.75 years

male: 69.04 years

female: 74.65 years (2001 est.)

Botswana:
total population: 37.13 years

male: 36.77 years

female: 37.51 years (2001 est.)

Brazil:
total population: 63.24 years

male: 58.96 years

female: 67.73 years (2001 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
total population: 75.64 years

male: 74.74 years

female: 76.59 years (2001 est.)

Brunei:
total population: 73.82 years

male: 71.45 years

female: 76.31 years (2001 est.)

Bulgaria:
total population: 71.2 years

male: 67.72 years

female: 74.89 years (2001 est.)

Burkina Faso:
total population: 46.41 years

male: 45.86 years

female: 46.98 years (2001 est.)

Burma:
total population: 55.16 years

male: 53.73 years

female: 56.68 years (2001 est.)

Burundi:
total population: 46.06 years

male: 45.15 years

female: 46.99 years (2001 est.)

Cambodia:
total population: 56.82 years

male: 54.62 years

female: 59.12 years (2001 est.)

Cameroon:
total population: 54.59 years

male: 53.76 years

female: 55.44 years (2001 est.)

Canada:
total population: 79.56 years

male: 76.16 years

female: 83.13 years (2001 est.)

Cape Verde:
total population: 69.21 years

male: 65.93 years

female: 72.6 years (2001 est.)

Cayman Islands:
total population: 79.03 years

male: 76.24 years

female: 81.43 years (2001 est.)

Central African Republic:
total population: 43.8 years

male: 42.17 years

female: 45.48 years (2001 est.)

Chad:
total population: 50.88 years

male: 48.86 years

female: 52.98 years (2001 est.)

Chile:
total population: 75.94 years

male: 72.63 years

female: 79.42 years (2001 est.)

China:
total population: 71.62 years

male: 69.81 years

female: 73.59 years (2001 est.)

Christmas Island:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Colombia:
total population: 70.57 years

male: 66.71 years

female: 74.55 years (2001 est.)

Comoros:
total population: 60.41 years

male: 58.2 years

female: 62.68 years (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
total population: 48.94 years

male: 46.96 years

female: 50.98 years (2001 est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
total population: 47.57 years

male: 44.38 years

female: 50.85 years (2001 est.)

Costa Rica:
total population: 76.02 years

male: 73.49 years

female: 78.68 years (2001 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire:
total population: 44.93 years

male: 43.58 years

female: 46.33 years (2001 est.)

Croatia:
total population: 73.9 years

male: 70.28 years

female: 77.73 years (2001 est.)

Cuba:
total population: 76.41 years

male: 74.02 years

female: 78.94 years (2001 est.)

Cyprus:
total population: 76.89 years

male: 74.6 years

female: 79.3 years (2001 est.)

Czech Republic:
total population: 74.73 years

male: 71.23 years

female: 78.43 years (2001 est.)

Denmark:
total population: 76.72 years

male: 74.12 years

female: 79.47 years (2001 est.)

Djibouti:
total population: 51.21 years

male: 49.37 years

female: 53.1 years (2001 est.)

Dominica:
total population: 73.6 years

male: 70.74 years

female: 76.61 years (2001 est.)

Dominican Republic:
total population: 73.44 years

male: 71.34 years

female: 75.64 years (2001 est.)

Ecuador:
total population: 71.33 years

male: 68.52 years

female: 74.28 years (2001 est.)

Egypt:
total population: 63.69 years

male: 61.62 years

female: 65.85 years (2001 est.)

El Salvador:
total population: 70.03 years

male: 66.43 years

female: 73.81 years (2001 est.)

Equatorial Guinea:
total population: 53.95 years

male: 51.89 years

female: 56.07 years (2001 est.)

Eritrea:
total population: 56.18 years

male: 53.73 years

female: 58.71 years (2001 est.)

Estonia:
total population: 69.73 years

male: 63.72 years

female: 76.05 years (2001 est.)

Ethiopia:
total population: 44.68 years

male: 43.88 years

female: 45.51 years (2001 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Faroe Islands:
total population: 78.59 years

male: 75.12 years

female: 82.06 years

Fiji:
total population: 68.25 years

male: 65.83 years

female: 70.78 years (2001 est.)

Finland:
total population: 77.58 years

male: 73.92 years

female: 81.36 years (2001 est.)

France:
total population: 78.9 years

male: 75.01 years

female: 83.01 years (2001 est.)

French Guiana:
total population: 76.3 years

male: 72.97 years

female: 79.79 years (2001 est.)

French Polynesia:
total population: 75.01 years

male: 72.67 years

female: 77.46 years (2001 est.)

Gabon:
total population: 49.59 years

male: 48.47 years

female: 50.75 years (2001 est.)

Gambia, The:
total population: 53.59 years

male: 51.65 years

female: 55.58 years (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip:
total population: 71.01 years

male: 69.76 years

female: 72.32 years (2001 est.)

Georgia:
total population: 64.57 years

male: 61.04 years

female: 68.28 years (2001 est.)

Germany:
total population: 77.61 years

male: 74.47 years

female: 80.92 years (2001 est.)

Ghana:
total population: 57.24 years

male: 55.86 years

female: 58.66 years (2001 est.)

Gibraltar:
total population: 79.09 years

male: 76.23 years

female: 82.1 years (2001 est.)

Greece:
total population: 78.59 years

male: 76.03 years

female: 81.32 years (2001 est.)

Greenland:
total population: 68.37 years

male: 64.82 years

female: 72.01 years (2001 est.)

Grenada:
total population: 64.52 years

male: 62.74 years

female: 66.31 years (2001 est.)

Guadeloupe:
total population: 77.16 years

male: 74.01 years

female: 80.48 years (2001 est.)

Guam:
total population: 77.94 years

male: 75.66 years

female: 80.55 years (2001 est.)

Guatemala:
total population: 66.51 years

male: 63.85 years

female: 69.31 years (2001 est.)

Guernsey:
total population: 79.78 years

male: 76.78 years

female: 82.88 years (2001 est.)

Guinea:
total population: 45.91 years

male: 43.49 years

female: 48.42 years (2001 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
total population: 49.42 years

male: 47.12 years

female: 51.78 years (2001 est.)

Guyana:
total population: 63.31 years

male: 60.52 years

female: 66.24 years (2001 est.)

Haiti:
total population: 49.38 years

male: 47.67 years

female: 51.17 years (2001 est.)

Honduras:
total population: 69.35 years

male: 67.51 years

female: 71.28 years (2001 est.)

Hong Kong:
total population: 79.67 years

male: 76.97 years

female: 82.55 years (2001 est.)

Hungary:
total population: 71.63 years

male: 67.28 years

female: 76.3 years (2001 est.)

Iceland:
total population: 79.52 years

male: 77.31 years

female: 81.92 years (2001 est.)

India:
total population: 62.86 years

male: 62.22 years

female: 63.53 years (2001 est.)

Indonesia:
total population: 68.27 years

male: 65.9 years

female: 70.75 years (2001 est.)

Iran:
total population: 69.95 years

male: 68.61 years

female: 71.37 years (2001 est.)

Iraq:
total population: 66.95 years

male: 65.92 years

female: 68.03 years (2001 est.)

Ireland:
total population: 76.99 years

male: 74.23 years

female: 79.93 years (2001 est.)

Israel:
total population: 78.71 years

male: 76.69 years

female: 80.84 years (2001 est.)

Italy:
total population: 79.14 years

male: 75.97 years

female: 82.52 years (2001 est.)

Jamaica:
total population: 75.42 years

male: 73.45 years

female: 77.49 years (2001 est.)

Japan:
total population: 80.8 years

male: 77.62 years

female: 84.15 years (2001 est.)

Jersey:
total population: 78.63 years

male: 76.21 years

female: 81.23 years (2001 est.)

Jordan:
total population: 77.53 years

male: 75.1 years

female: 80.12 years (2001 est.)

Kazakhstan:
total population: 63.29 years

male: 57.87 years

female: 68.97 years (2001 est.)

Kenya:
total population: 47.49 years

male: 46.57 years

female: 48.44 years (2001 est.)

Kiribati:
total population: 60.16 years

male: 57.25 years

female: 63.22 years (2001 est.)

Korea, North:
total population: 71.02 years

male: 68.04 years

female: 74.15 years (2001 est.)

Korea, South:
total population: 74.65 years

male: 70.97 years

female: 78.74 years (2001 est.)

Kuwait:
total population: 76.27 years

male: 75.42 years

female: 77.15 years (2001 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
total population: 63.46 years

male: 59.2 years

female: 67.94 years (2001 est.)

Laos:
total population: 53.48 years

male: 51.58 years

female: 55.44 years (2001 est.)

Latvia:
total population: 68.7 years

male: 62.8 years

female: 74.9 years (2001 est.)

Lebanon:
total population: 71.52 years

male: 69.13 years

female: 74.03 years (2001 est.)

Lesotho:
total population: 48.84 years

male: 47.97 years

female: 49.74 years (2001 est.)

Liberia:
total population: 51.41 years

male: 49.96 years

female: 52.91 years (2001 est.)

Libya:
total population: 75.65 years

male: 73.53 years

female: 77.88 years (2001 est.)

Liechtenstein:
total population: 78.95 years

male: 75.32 years

female: 82.6 years (2001 est.)

Lithuania:
total population: 69.25 years

male: 63.3 years

female: 75.5 years (2001 est.)

Luxembourg:
total population: 77.3 years

male: 74.02 years

female: 80.8 years (2001 est.)

Macau:
total population: 81.69 years

male: 78.88 years

female: 84.64 years (2001 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
total population: 74.02
years

male: 71.79 years

female: 76.43 years (2001 est.)

Madagascar:
total population: 55.35 years

male: 53.08 years

female: 57.68 years (2001 est.)

Malawi:
total population: 37.08 years

male: 36.61 years

female: 37.55 years (2001 est.)

Malaysia:
total population: 71.11 years

male: 68.48 years

female: 73.92 years (2001 est.)

Maldives:
total population: 62.56 years

male: 61.39 years

female: 63.8 years (2001 est.)

Mali:
total population: 47.02 years

male: 45.84 years

female: 48.24 years (2001 est.)

Malta:
total population: 78.1 years

male: 75.64 years

female: 80.79 years (2001 est.)

Man, Isle of:
total population: 77.64 years

male: 74.26 years

female: 81.2 years (2001 est.)

Marshall Islands:
total population: 65.84 years

male: 64.04 years

female: 67.73 years (2001 est.)

Martinique:
total population: 78.41 years

male: 79.11 years

female: 77.69 years (2001 est.)

Mauritania:
total population: 51.14 years

male: 49.06 years

female: 53.29 years (2001 est.)

Mauritius:
total population: 71.25 years

male: 67.26 years

female: 75.31 years (2001 est.)

Mayotte:
total population: 59.83 years

male: 57.77 years

female: 61.96 years (2001 est.)

Mexico:
total population: 71.76 years

male: 68.73 years

female: 74.93 years (2001 est.)

Moldova:
total population: 64.6 years

male: 60.15 years

female: 69.26 years (2001 est.)

Monaco:
total population: 78.98 years

male: 75.04 years

female: 83.12 years (2001 est.)

Mongolia:
total population: 64.26 years

male: 62.14 years

female: 66.5 years (2001 est.)

Montserrat:
total population: 78.03 years

male: 75.95 years

female: 80.22 years (2001 est.)

Morocco:
total population: 69.43 years

male: 67.2 years

female: 71.76 years (2001 est.)

Mozambique:
total population: 36.45 years

male: 37.25 years

female: 35.62 years (2001 est.)

Namibia:
total population: 40.62 years

male: 42.48 years

female: 38.71 years (2001 est.)

Nauru:
total population: 61.2 years

male: 57.7 years

female: 64.88 years (2001 est.)

Nepal:
total population: 58.22 years

male: 58.65 years

female: 57.77 years (2001 est.)

Netherlands:
total population: 78.43 years

male: 75.55 years

female: 81.44 years (2001 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
total population: 74.94 years

male: 72.76 years

female: 77.22 years (2001 est.)

New Caledonia:
total population: 73.02 years

male: 70.08 years

female: 76.11 years (2001 est.)

New Zealand:
total population: 77.99 years

male: 75.01 years

female: 81.1 years (2001 est.)

Nicaragua:
total population: 69.05 years

male: 67.1 years

female: 71.11 years (2001 est.)

Niger:
total population: 41.59 years

male: 41.74 years

female: 41.44 years (2001 est.)

Nigeria:
total population: 51.07 years

male: 51.07 years

female: 51.07 years (2001 est.)

Niue:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Norfolk Island:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Northern Mariana Islands:
total population: 75.74 years

male: 72.65 years

female: 79.02 years (2001 est.)

Norway:
total population: 78.79 years

male: 75.87 years

female: 81.92 years (2001 est.)

Oman:
total population: 72.04 years

male: 69.9 years

female: 74.29 years (2001 est.)

Pakistan:
total population: 61.45 years

male: 60.61 years

female: 62.32 years (2001 est.)

Palau:
total population: 68.89 years

male: 65.77 years

female: 72.19 years (2001 est.)

Panama:
total population: 75.68 years

male: 72.94 years

female: 78.53 years (2001 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
total population: 63.46 years

male: 61.39 years

female: 65.64 years (2001 est.)

Paraguay:
total population: 73.92 years

male: 71.44 years

female: 76.52 years (2001 est.)

Peru:
total population: 70.3 years

male: 67.9 years

female: 72.81 years (2001 est.)

Philippines:
total population: 67.8 years

male: 64.96 years

female: 70.79 years (2001 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Poland:
total population: 73.42 years

male: 69.26 years

female: 77.82 years (2001 est.)

Portugal:
total population: 75.94 years

male: 72.44 years

female: 79.68 years (2001 est.)

Puerto Rico:
total population: 75.76 years

male: 71.28 years

female: 80.48 years (2001 est.)

Qatar:
total population: 72.62 years

male: 70.16 years

female: 75.21 years (2001 est.)

Reunion:
total population: 72.93 years

male: 69.53 years

female: 76.49 years (2001 est.)

Romania:
total population: 70.16 years

male: 66.36 years

female: 74.19 years (2001 est.)

Russia:
total population: 67.34 years

male: 62.12 years

female: 72.83 years (2001 est.)

Rwanda:
total population: 38.99 years

male: 38.35 years

female: 39.65 years (2001 est.)

Saint Helena:
total population: 77.01 years

male: 74.13 years

female: 80.04 years (2001 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
total population: 71.01 years

male: 68.22 years

female: 73.97 years (2001 est.)

Saint Lucia:
total population: 72.57 years

male: 69 years

female: 76.39 years (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
total population: 77.77 years

male: 75.51 years

female: 80.13 years (2001 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
total population: 72.56 years

male: 70.83 years

female: 74.34 years (2001 est.)

Samoa:
total population: 69.5 years

male: 66.77 years

female: 72.37 years (2001 est.)

San Marino:
total population: 81.23 years

male: 77.68 years

female: 85.1 years (2001 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe:
total population: 65.59 years

male: 64.15 years

female: 67.07 years (2001 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
total population: 68.09 years

male: 66.4 years

female: 69.85 years (2001 est.)

Senegal:
total population: 62.56 years

male: 60.94 years

female: 64.22 years (2001 est.)

Seychelles:
total population: 70.69 years

male: 65.17 years

female: 76.37 years (2001 est.)

Sierra Leone:
total population: 45.6 years

male: 42.69 years

female: 48.61 years (2001 est.)

Singapore:
total population: 80.17 years

male: 77.22 years

female: 83.35 years (2001 est.)

Slovakia:
total population: 73.97 years

male: 69.95 years

female: 78.2 years (2001 est.)

Slovenia:
total population: 75.08 years

male: 71.2 years

female: 79.17 years (2001 est.)

Solomon Islands:
total population: 71.55 years

male: 69.12 years

female: 74.1 years (2001 est.)

Somalia:
total population: 46.6 years

male: 44.99 years

female: 48.25 years (2001 est.)

South Africa:
total population: 48.09 years

male: 47.64 years

female: 48.56 years (2001 est.)

Spain:
total population: 78.93 years

male: 75.47 years

female: 82.62 years (2001 est.)

Sri Lanka:
total population: 72.09 years

male: 69.58 years

female: 74.73 years (2001 est.)

Sudan:
total population: 56.94 years

male: 55.85 years

female: 58.08 years (2001 est.)

Suriname:
total population: 71.63 years

male: 68.97 years

female: 74.42 years (2001 est.)

Svalbard:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Swaziland:
total population: 38.62 years

male: 37.86 years

female: 39.4 years (2001 est.)

Sweden:
total population: 79.71 years

male: 77.07 years

female: 82.5 years (2001 est.)

Switzerland:
total population: 79.73 years

male: 76.85 years

female: 82.76 years (2001 est.)

Syria:
total population: 68.77 years

male: 67.63 years

female: 69.98 years (2001 est.)

Tajikistan:
total population: 64.18 years

male: 61.09 years

female: 67.42 years (2001 est.)

Tanzania:
total population: 51.98 years

male: 51.04 years

female: 52.95 years (2001 est.)

Thailand:
total population: 68.86 years

male: 65.64 years

female: 72.24 years (2001 est.)

Togo:
total population: 54.35 years

male: 52.38 years

female: 56.38 years (2001 est.)

Tokelau:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

Tonga:
total population: 68.25 years

male: 65.83 years

female: 70.78 years (2001 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago:
total population: 68.27 years

male: 65.74 years

female: 70.92 years (2001 est.)

Tunisia:
total population: 73.92 years

male: 72.35 years

female: 75.62 years (2001 est.)

Turkey:
total population: 71.24 years

male: 68.89 years

female: 73.71 years (2001 est.)

Turkmenistan:
total population: 61 years

male: 57.43 years

female: 64.76 years (2001 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
total population: 73.52 years

male: 71.37 years

female: 75.77 years (2001 est.)

Tuvalu:
total population: 66.65 years

male: 64.52 years

female: 68.88 years (2001 est.)

Uganda:
total population: 43.37 years

male: 42.59 years

female: 44.17 years (2001 est.)

Ukraine:
total population: 66.15 years

male: 60.62 years

female: 71.96 years (2001 est.)

United Arab Emirates:
total population: 74.29 years

male: 71.84 years

female: 76.86 years (2001 est.)

United Kingdom:
total population: 77.82 years

male: 75.13 years

female: 80.66 years (2001 est.)

United States:
total population: 77.26 years

male: 74.37 years

female: 80.05 years (2001 est.)

Uruguay:
total population: 75.44 years

male: 72.11 years

female: 78.96 years (2001 est.)

Uzbekistan:
total population: 63.81 years

male: 60.24 years

female: 67.56 years (2001 est.)

Vanuatu:
total population: 60.95 years

male: 59.58 years

female: 62.39 years (2001 est.)

Venezuela:
total population: 73.31 years

male: 70.29 years

female: 76.56 years (2001 est.)

Vietnam:
total population: 69.56 years

male: 67.12 years

female: 72.19 years (2001 est.)

Virgin Islands:
total population: 78.27 years

male: 74.38 years

female: 82.39 years (2001 est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
total population: NA years

male: NA years

female: NA years

West Bank:
total population: 72.28 years

male: 70.58 years

female: 74.07 years (2001 est.)

World:
total population: 63.79 years

male: 62.15 years

female: 65.51 years (2001 est.)

Yemen:
total population: 60.21 years

male: 58.45 years

female: 62.05 years (2001 est.)

Yugoslavia:
total population: 73.5 years

male: 70.57 years

female: 76.67 years (2001 est.)

Zambia:
total population: 37.29 years

male: 37.06 years

female: 37.53 years (2001 est.)

Zimbabwe:
total population: 37.13 years

male: 38.51 years

female: 35.7 years (2001 est.)

Taiwan:
total population: 76.54 years

male: 73.81 years

female: 79.51 years (2001 est.)

======================================================================

@Literacy

Afghanistan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 31.5%

male: 47.2%

female: 15% (1999 est.)

Albania:
definition: age 9 and over can read and write

total population: 93% (1997 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Algeria:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 61.6%

male: 73.9%

female: 49% (1995 est.)

American Samoa:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 98%

female: 97% (1980 est.)

Andorra:
definition: NA

total population: 100%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Angola:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 42%

male: 56%

female: 28% (1998 est.)

Anguilla:
definition: age 12 and over can read and write

total population: 95%

male: 95%

female: 95% (1984 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda:
definition: age 15 and over has completed five
or more years of schooling

total population: 89%

male: 90%

female: 88% (1960 est.)

Argentina:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 96.2%

male: 96.2%

female: 96.2% (1995 est.)

Armenia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 98% (1989 est.)

Aruba:
definition: NA

total population: 97%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Australia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (1980 est.)

Austria:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Azerbaijan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 99%

female: 96% (1989 est.)

Bahamas, The:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98.2%

male: 98.5%

female: 98% (1995 est.)

Bahrain:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 85.2%

male: 89.1%

female: 79.4% (1995 est.)

Bangladesh:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 56%

male: 63%

female: 49% (2000 est.)

Barbados:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 97.4%

male: 98%

female: 96.8% (1995 est.)

Belarus:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 99%

female: 97% (1989 est.)

Belgium:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Belize:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 70.3%

male: 70.3%

female: 70.3% (1991 est.)

note: other sources list the literacy rate as high as 75%

Benin:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 37.5%

male: 52.2%

female: 23.6% (2000)

Bermuda:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 98%

female: 99% (1970 est.)

Bhutan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 42.2%

male: 56.2%

female: 28.1% (1995 est.)

Bolivia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83.1%

male: 90.5%

female: 76% (1995 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Botswana:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 69.8%

male: 80.5%

female: 59.9% (1995 est.)

Brazil:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83.3%

male: 83.3%

female: 83.2% (1995 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 97.8% (1991 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Brunei:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 88.2%

male: 92.6%

female: 83.4% (1995 est.)

Bulgaria:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 99%

female: 98% (1999)

Burkina Faso:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 19.2%

male: 29.5%

female: 9.2% (1995 est.)

Burma:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83.1%

male: 88.7%

female: 77.7% (1995 est.)

note: these are official statistics; estimates of functional
literacy are likely closer to 30% (1999 est.)

Burundi:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 35.3%

male: 49.3%

female: 22.5% (1995 est.)

Cambodia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 35%

male: 48%

female: 22% (1990 est.)

Cameroon:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 63.4%

male: 75%

female: 52.1% (1995 est.)

Canada:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97% (1986 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Cape Verde:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 71.6%

male: 81.4%

female: 63.8% (1995 est.)

Cayman Islands:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 98%

male: 98%

female: 98% (1970 est.)

Central African Republic:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 60%

male: 68.5%

female: 52.4% (1995 est.)

Chad:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or
Arabic

total population: 48.1%

male: 62.1%

female: 34.7% (1995 est.)

Chile:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 95.2%

male: 95.4%

female: 95% (1995 est.)

China:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 81.5%

male: 89.9%

female: 72.7% (1995 est.)

Colombia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 91.3%

male: 91.2%

female: 91.4% (1995 est.)

Comoros:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 57.3%

male: 64.2%

female: 50.4% (1995 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
definition: age 15 and over can
read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba

total population: 77.3%

male: 86.6%

female: 67.7% (1995 est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 74.9%

male: 83.1%

female: 67.2% (1995 est.)

Cook Islands:
definition: NA

total population: 95%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Costa Rica:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 94.8%

male: 94.7%

female: 95% (1995 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 48.5%

male: 57%

female: 40%

Croatia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 99%

female: 95% (1991 est.)

Cuba:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 95.7%

male: 96.2%

female: 95.3% (1995 est.)

Cyprus:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 94%

male: 98%

female: 91% (1987 est.)

Czech Republic:
definition: NA

total population: 99.9% (1999 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Denmark:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Djibouti:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 46.2%

male: 60.3%

female: 32.7% (1995 est.)

Dominica:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 94%

male: 94%

female: 94% (1970 est.)

Dominican Republic:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 82.1%

male: 82%

female: 82.2% (1995 est.)

Ecuador:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 90.1%

male: 92%

female: 88.2% (1995 est.)

Egypt:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 51.4%

male: 63.6%

female: 38.8% (1995 est.)

El Salvador:
definition: age 10 and over can read and write

total population: 71.5%

male: 73.5%

female: 69.8% (1995 est.)

Equatorial Guinea:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 78.5%

male: 89.6%

female: 68.1% (1995 est.)

Eritrea:
definition: NA

total population: 25%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Estonia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (1998 est.)

Ethiopia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 35.5%

male: 45.5%

female: 25.3% (1995 est.)

Faroe Islands:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

note: similar to Denmark proper

Fiji:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 91.6%

male: 93.8%

female: 89.3% (1995 est.)

Finland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100% (1980 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

France:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (1980 est.)

French Guiana:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83%

male: 84%

female: 82% (1982 est.)

French Polynesia:
definition: age 14 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 98%

female: 98% (1977 est.)

Gabon:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 63.2%

male: 73.7%

female: 53.3% (1995 est.)

Gambia, The:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 47.5%

male: 58.4%

female: 37.1% (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Georgia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 100%

female: 98% (1989 est.)

Germany:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (1977 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Ghana:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 64.5%

male: 75.9%

female: 53.5% (1995 est.)

Gibraltar:
definition: NA

total population: above 80%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Greece:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 95%

male: 98%

female: 93% (1991 est.)

Greenland:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

note: similar to Denmark proper

Grenada:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 98%

female: 98% (1970 est.)

Guadeloupe:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 90%

male: 90%

female: 90% (1982 est.)

Guam:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (1990 est.)

Guatemala:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 63.6%

male: 68.7%

female: 58.5% (2000 est.)

Guernsey:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Guinea:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 35.9%

male: 49.9%

female: 21.9% (1995 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 53.9%

male: 67.1%

female: 40.7% (1997 est.)

Guyana:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 98.1%

male: 98.6%

female: 97.5% (1995 est.)

Haiti:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 45%

male: 48%

female: 42.2% (1995 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City):
definition: NA

total population: 100%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Honduras:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 72.7%

male: 72.6%

female: 72.7% (1995 est.)

Hong Kong:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 92.2%

male: 96%

female: 88.2% (1996 est.)

Hungary:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 98% (1980 est.)

Iceland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99.9% (1997 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

India:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 52%

male: 65.5%

female: 37.7% (1995 est.)

Indonesia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83.8%

male: 89.6%

female: 78% (1995 est.)

Iran:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 72.1%

male: 78.4%

female: 65.8% (1994 est.)

Iraq:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 58%

male: 70.7%

female: 45% (1995 est.)

Ireland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98% (1981 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Israel:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 95%

male: 97%

female: 93% (1992 est.)

Italy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98% (1998)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Jamaica:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 85%

male: 80.8%

female: 89.1% (1995 est.)

Japan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (1970 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Jersey:
definition: NA

total population: NA

male: NA

female: NA

Jordan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 86.6%

male: 93.4%

female: 79.4% (1995 est.)

Kazakhstan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 99%

female: 96% (1989 est.)

Kenya:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 78.1%

male: 86.3%

female: 70% (1995 est.)

Kiribati:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Korea, North:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write Korean

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (1990 est.)

Korea, South:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 99.3%

female: 96.7% (1995 est.)

Kuwait:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 78.6%

male: 82.2%

female: 74.9% (1995 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 99%

female: 96% (1989 est.)

Laos:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 57%

male: 70%

female: 44% (1999 est.)

Latvia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 99% (1989 est.)

Lebanon:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 86.4%

male: 90.8%

female: 82.2% (1997 est.)

Lesotho:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83%

male: 72%

female: 93% (1999 est.)

Liberia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 38.3%

male: 53.9%

female: 22.4% (1995 est.)

note: these figures are increasing because of the improving school
system

Libya:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 76.2%

male: 87.9%

female: 63% (1995 est.)

Liechtenstein:
definition: age 10 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (1981 est.)

Lithuania:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 99%

female: 98% (1989 est.)

Luxembourg:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: 100%

female: 100% (2000 est.)

Macau:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 90%

male: 93%

female: 86% (1981 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Madagascar:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 80%

male: 88%

female: 73% (1990 est.)

Malawi:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 58%

male: 72.8%

female: 43.4% (1999 est.)

Malaysia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 83.5%

male: 89.1%

female: 78.1% (1995 est.)

Maldives:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93.2%

male: 93.3%

female: 93% (1995 est.)

Mali:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 31%

male: 39.4%

female: 23.1% (1995 est.)

Malta:
definition: age 10 and over can read and write

total population: 88.76%

male: 86.91%

female: 89.55% (1995 census)

Man, Isle of:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Marshall Islands:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93%

male: 100%

female: 88% (1980 est.)

Martinique:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93%

male: 92%

female: 93% (1982 est.)

Mauritania:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 46.7%

male: 53.4%

female: 40% (1998 est.)

Mauritius:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 82.9%

male: 87.1%

female: 78.8% (1995 est.)

Mayotte:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Mexico:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 89.6%

male: 91.8%

female: 87.4% (1995 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
definition: age 15 and over can
read and write

total population: 89%

male: 91%

female: 88% (1980 est.)

Moldova:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 96%

male: 99%

female: 94% (1989 est.)

Monaco:
definition: NA

total population: 99%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Mongolia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 98%

female: 97.5% (2000)

Montserrat:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 97%

male: 97%

female: 97% (1970 est.)

Morocco:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 43.7%

male: 56.6%

female: 31% (1995 est.)

Mozambique:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 42.3%

male: 58.4%

female: 27% (1998 est.)

Namibia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 38%

male: 45%

female: 31% (1960 est.)

Nauru:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Nepal:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 27.5%

male: 40.9%

female: 14% (1995 est.)

Netherlands:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (2000 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Netherlands Antilles:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 98%

female: 99% (1981 est.)

New Caledonia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 91%

male: 92%

female: 90% (1976 est.)

New Zealand:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (1980 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Nicaragua:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 65.7%

male: 64.6%

female: 66.6% (1995 est.)

Niger:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 13.6%

male: 20.9%

female: 6.6% (1995 est.)

Nigeria:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 57.1%

male: 67.3%

female: 47.3% (1995 est.)

Niue:
definition: NA

total population: 95%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 97%

male: 97%

female: 96% (1980 est.)

Norway:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 100%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Oman:
definition: NA

total population: approaching 80%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Pakistan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 42.7%

male: 55.3%

female: 29% (1998)

Palau:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 92%

male: 93%

female: 90% (1980 est.)

Panama:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 90.8%

male: 91.4%

female: 90.2% (1995 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 72.2%

male: 81%

female: 62.7% (1995 est.)

Paraguay:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 92.1%

male: 93.5%

female: 90.6% (1995 est.)

Peru:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 88.7%

male: 94.5%

female: 83% (1995 est.)

Philippines:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 94.6%

male: 95%

female: 94.3% (1995 est.)

Poland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 98% (1978 est.)

Portugal:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 87.4%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Puerto Rico:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 89%

male: 90%

female: 88% (1980 est.)

Qatar:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 79%

male: 79%

female: 80% (1995 est.)

Reunion:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 79%

male: 76%

female: 80% (1982 est.)

Romania:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 98%

female: 95% (1992 est.)

Russia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 100%

female: 97% (1989 est.)

Rwanda:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 48%

male: 52%

female: 45% (1995 est.)

Saint Helena:
definition: age 20 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 97%

female: 98% (1987 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
definition: age 15 and over has ever
attended school

total population: 97%

male: 97%

female: 98% (1980 est.)

Saint Lucia:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 67%

male: 65%

female: 69% (1980 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 99%

male: 99%

female: 99% (1982 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
definition: age 15 and over has
ever attended school

total population: 96%

male: 96%

female: 96% (1970 est.)

Samoa:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 97%

female: 97% (1971 est.)

San Marino:
definition: age 10 and over can read and write

total population: 96%

male: 97%

female: 95% (1976 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe:
definition: age 15 and over can read and
write

total population: 73%

male: 85%

female: 62% (1991 est.)

Saudi Arabia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 62.8%

male: 71.5%

female: 50.2% (1995 est.)

Senegal:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 33.1%

male: 43%

female: 23.2% (1995 est.)

Seychelles:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 58%

male: 56%

female: 60% (1971 est.)

Sierra Leone:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic

total population: 31.4%

male: 45.4%

female: 18.2% (1995 est.)

Singapore:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93.5%

male: 97%

female: 89.8% (1999)

Slovakia:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Slovenia:
definition: NA

total population: 99%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Solomon Islands:
definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Somalia:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 24%

male: 36%

female: 14% (1990 est.)

South Africa:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 81.8%

male: 81.9%

female: 81.7% (1995 est.)

Spain:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Sri Lanka:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 90.2%

male: 93.4%

female: 87.2% (1995 est.)

Sudan:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 46.1%

male: 57.7%

female: 34.6% (1995 est.)

Suriname:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 93%

male: 95%

female: 91% (1995 est.)

Swaziland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 76.7%

male: 78%

female: 75.6% (1995 est.)

Sweden:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (1979 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Switzerland:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (1980 est.)

male: NA%

female: NA%

Syria:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 70.8%

male: 85.7%

female: 55.8% (1997 est.)