Chapter LXXXVII: Section 3: , telephone 886 (2) 2709-2000, FAX 886 (2) 2702-7675, (22)

Bangladesh:
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)

Barbados:
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium:
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
monarch)

Belize:
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the
governor general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin:
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan:
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for
10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights)

note: a new state court, established in November 1999, has
jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate
jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities; the entities each
have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts;
there are ten cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of
municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts

Botswana:
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)

Brazil:
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed by the
president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice;
Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life)

British Virgin Islands:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction

Brunei:
Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the
monarch for three-year terms)

Bulgaria:
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso:
Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma:
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive

Burundi:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)

Cambodia:
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and 6 substitute
judges, elected by the National Assembly)

Canada:
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde:
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands:
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal

Central African Republic:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (all judges appointed by the president); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts

Chad:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts

Chile:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

China:
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island:
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia:
four, coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of
Justice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law;
judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of
Justice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of
administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the
Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional
Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on
constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and
international treaties); Higher Council of Justice (administers and
disciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinary
chamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between other
courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for
eight-year terms)

Comoros:
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by
the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one
elected by the Council of each island, and others are former
presidents of the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands:
High Court

Costa Rica:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members

Croatia:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives

Cuba:
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)

Cyprus:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the Supreme Council
of Judicature)

note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot area

Czech Republic:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court
of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and
executive branches with the president presiding)

Ecuador:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by
the full Supreme Court)

Egypt:
Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea:
Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea:
Supreme Court; 10 provincial courts; 29 district courts

Estonia:
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia:
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
Supreme Court (chief justice is a
nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over
civil and criminal divisions)

Faroe Islands:
none

Fiji:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Finland:
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France:
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana:
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the
First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of
Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The:
Supreme Court

Georgia:
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's recommendation); Constitutional Court

Germany:
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana:
Supreme Court

Gibraltar:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece:
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland:
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada:
West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate
judge resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam:
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a
president of the Court each year from among their number; the
president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms);
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges
are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving
one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by
Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed
by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San
Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)

Guernsey:
Royal Court

Guinea:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau:
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica
(consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and
serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil
cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of
appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and
civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are
not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000
and misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana:
Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High
Court

Haiti:
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City):
none; normally handled by Italy

Honduras:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong:
The Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary:
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland:
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the president)

India:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and
remain in office until they reach the age of 65)

Indonesia:
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by
the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature)

Iran:
Supreme Court

Iraq:
Court of Cassation

Ireland:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Israel:
Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)

Italy:
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch
after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed
by the cabinet)

Jersey:
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan:
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan:
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya:
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the
president); High Court

Kiribati:
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts;
judges at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North:
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South:
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
with the consent of the National Assembly)

Kuwait:
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos:
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia:
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon:
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho:
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court
of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia:
Supreme Court

Libya:
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein:
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court
or Obergericht

Lithuania:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
appointed by the Parliament

Luxembourg:
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace,
2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau:
The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative
Region

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
Constitutional Court;
Judicial Court of the Republic; judges for both courts are elected
by the Judicial Council

Madagascar:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi:
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia:
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives:
High Court

Mali:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta:
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of:
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Marshall Islands:
Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius:
Supreme Court

Mayotte:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
Supreme Court

Moldova:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia:
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts, but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval
by the president)

Montserrat:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation
of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the
monarch)

Mozambique:
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts

note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a
separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in
its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru:
Supreme Court

Nepal:
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands:
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles:
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand:
High Court; Court of Appeal

Nicaragua:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
seven-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger:
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the Provisional Ruling
Council); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the
federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue:
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island:
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands:
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior
Court; Federal District Court

Norway:
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman:
Supreme Court

note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges

Pakistan:
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau:
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea:
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines:
Supreme Court (justices are appointed for four-year
terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar
Council)

Pitcairn Islands:
Island Court (island magistrate presides over the
court and is elected every three years)

Poland:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal:
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico:
Supreme Court; Superior Courts; Municipal Courts
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar:
Court of Appeal

Reunion:
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania:
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates)

Russia:
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda:
Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts

Saint Helena:
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends
to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

San Marino:
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia:
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal:
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial
system was reformed in 1992

Seychelles:
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone:
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the
president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are
appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice);
Court of Appeals

Slovakia:
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National
Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from
group of nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia:
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands:
Court of Appeal

Somalia:
following the breakdown of national government, most
regions have reverted to Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for
appeal of all sentences

South Africa:
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan:
Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname:
Court of Justice (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland:
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden:
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland:
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year
terms by the Federal Assembly)

Syria:
Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of
Cassation; State Security Courts

Tajikistan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania:
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman);
Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High
Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand:
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau:
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief
justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago:
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and
the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the
president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service
Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; The Majistracy
(hears minor civil cases and summary criminal cases)

Tunisia:
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey:
Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the
president); Court of Appeals (judges are elected by the Supreme
Council of Judges and Prosecutors)

Turkmenistan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
Supreme Court

Tuvalu:
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda:
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates:
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom:
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States:
Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
life by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United
States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and
County Courts

Uruguay:
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan:
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela:
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de
Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a
single 12-year term)

Vietnam:
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands:
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the
governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna:
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen:
Supreme Court

Yugoslavia:
Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court;
judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for
nine-year terms

Zambia:
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe:
Supreme Court; High Court

Taiwan:
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with the
consent of the National Assembly; note - beginning in 2003, justices
will be appointed by the president with the consent of the
Legislative Yuan)

======================================================================

@Labor force

Afghanistan:
10 million (2000 est.)

Albania:
1.692 million (including 352,000 emigrant workers and
261,000 domestically unemployed) (1994 est.)

Algeria:
9.1 million (2000 est.)

American Samoa:
14,000 (1996)

Andorra:
30,787 salaried employees (1998)

Angola:
5 million (1997 est.)

Anguilla:
4,400 (1992)

Antigua and Barbuda:
30,000

Argentina:
15 million (1999)

Armenia:
1.5 million (1999)

Aruba:
41,501 (1997 est.)

Australia:
9.5 million (December 1999)

Austria:
3.7 million (1999)

Azerbaijan:
2.9 million (1997)

Bahamas, The:
156,000 (1999)

Bahrain:
295,000 (1998 est.)

note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Bangladesh:
64.1 million (1998)

note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion
in 1998-99

Barbados:
136,000 (1998 est.)

Belarus:
4.8 million (2000)

Belgium:
4.34 million (1999)

Belize:
71,000

note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical
personnel (1997 est.)

Benin:
NA

Bermuda:
35,296 (1997)

Bhutan:
NA

note: massive lack of skilled labor

Bolivia:
2.5 million

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
1.026 million

Botswana:
235,000 formal sector employees (1995)

Brazil:
79 million (1999 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
4,911 (1980)

Brunei:
144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and
military personnel

note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)

Bulgaria:
3.83 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso:
5 million (1999)

note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment

Burma:
19.7 million (FY98/99 est.)

Burundi:
1.9 million

Cambodia:
6 million (1998 est.)

Cameroon:
NA

Canada:
16.1 million (2000)

Cape Verde:
NA

Cayman Islands:
19,820 (1995)

Central African Republic:
NA

Chad:
NA

Chile:
5.8 million (1999 est.)

China:
700 million (1998 est.)

Christmas Island:
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA

Colombia:
18.3 million (1999 est.)

Comoros:
144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
14.51 million (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
NA

Cook Islands:
6,601 (1993)

Costa Rica:
1.9 million (1999)

Cote d'Ivoire:
68% agricultural (2000 est.)

Croatia:
1.68 million (October 2000)

Cuba:
4.3 million (2000 est.)

note: state sector 75%, non-state sector 25% (1998)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300
(2000)

Czech Republic:
5.203 million (1999 est.)

Denmark:
2.856 million (2000 est.)

Djibouti:
282,000

Dominica:
25,000

Dominican Republic:
2.3 million - 2.6 million

Ecuador:
4.2 million

Egypt:
19.9 million (2000 est.)

El Salvador:
2.35 million (1999)

Equatorial Guinea:
NA

Eritrea:
NA

Estonia:
785,500 (1999 est.)

Ethiopia:
NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
1,100 (est.)

Faroe Islands:
24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji:
235,000

Finland:
2.6 million (2000 est.)

France:
25 million (2000)

French Guiana:
58,800 (1997)

French Polynesia:
70,000 (1996)

Gabon:
600,000

Gambia, The:
400,000

Gaza Strip:
NA

Georgia:
3.08 million (1997)

Germany:
40.5 million (1999 est.)

Ghana:
9 million (2000 est.)

Gibraltar:
14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

Greece:
4.32 million (1999 est.)

Greenland:
24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada:
42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe:
125,900 (1997)

Guam:
60,000 (2000 est.)

Guatemala:
4.2 million (1999 est.)

Guernsey:
31,322 (2000)

Guinea:
3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau:
480,000

Guyana:
245,492 (1992)

Haiti:
3.6 million (1995)

note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)

Holy See (Vatican City):
NA

Honduras:
2.3 million (1997 est.)

Hong Kong:
3.39 million (2000 est.)

Hungary:
4.2 million (1997)

Iceland:
159,000 (2000)

India:
NA

Indonesia:
99 million (1999)

Iran:
17.3 million

note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)

Iraq:
4.4 million (1989)

Ireland:
1.82 million (2000 est.)

Israel:
2.4 million (2000 est.)

Italy:
23.4 million (2000)

Jamaica:
1.13 million (1998)

Japan:
67.7 million (December 2000)

Jersey:
57,050 (1996)

Jordan:
1.15 million

note: in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad
(1997 est.)

Kazakhstan:
8.8 million (1997)

Kenya:
9.2 million (1998 est.)

Kiribati:
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence
farmers (1985 est.)

Korea, North:
9.6 million

Korea, South:
22 million (2000)

Kuwait:
1.3 million (1998 est.)

note: 68% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
1.7 million

Laos:
1 million - 1.5 million

Latvia:
1.4 million (2000 est.)

Lebanon:
1.3 million (1999 est.)

note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(1997 est.)

Lesotho:
700,000 economically active

Libya:
1.5 million (2000 est.)

Liechtenstein:
22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute
from Austria and Switzerland to work each day

Lithuania:
2 million (2000 est.)

Luxembourg:
248,000 (of whom 70,200 are foreign cross-border workers
primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)

Macau:
283,450 (1999)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
1 million (1999 est.)

Madagascar:
7 million (1999)

Malawi:
3.5 million

Malaysia:
9.6 million (2000 est.)

Maldives:
67,000 (1995)

Mali:
NA

Malta:
145,901 (1999)

Man, Isle of:
36,610 (1998)

Marshall Islands:
NA

Martinique:
170,000 (1997)

Mauritania:
750,000 (1999)

Mauritius:
514,000 (1995)

Mayotte:
NA

Mexico:
39.8 million (2000)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
NA

Moldova:
1.7 million (1998)

Monaco:
30,540 (January 1994)

Mongolia:
1.3 million (1999)

Montserrat:
4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of
people from volcanic activity

Morocco:
11 million (1997 est.)

Mozambique:
7.4 million (1997 est.)

Namibia:
500,000

Nepal:
10 million (1996 est.)

note: severe lack of skilled labor

Netherlands:
7.2 million (2000)

Netherlands Antilles:
89,000

New Caledonia:
79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996)

New Zealand:
1.88 million (2000)

Nicaragua:
1.7 million (1999)

Niger:
70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

Nigeria:
66 million (1999 est.)

Niue:
450 (1992 est.)

Norfolk Island:
1,395 (1991 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands:
6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699
unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995)

Norway:
2.4 million (2000 est.)

Oman:
850,000 (1997 est.)

Pakistan:
40 million

note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2000 est.)

Palau:
8,300 (1999)

Panama:
1.1 million (2000 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor

Papua New Guinea:
1.941 million

Paraguay:
2 million (2000 est.)

Peru:
7.6 million (1996 est.)

Philippines:
48.1 million (2000 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
12 able-bodied men (1997)

Poland:
17.2 million (1999 est.)

Portugal:
5 million (1999)

Puerto Rico:
1.3 million (2000)

Qatar:
233,000 (1993 est.)

Reunion:
261,000 (1995)

Romania:
9.9 million (1999 est.)

Russia:
66 million (1997)

Rwanda:
3.6 million

Saint Helena:
3,500 (1998 est.)

note: 1,200 of whom are working offshore

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
18,172 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia:
43,800

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
3,000 (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
67,000 (1984 est.)

Samoa:
90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino:
18,500 (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe:
NA

Saudi Arabia:
7 million

note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Senegal:
NA

Seychelles:
30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone:
1.369 million (1981 est.)

note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)

Singapore:
2.1 million (2000)

Slovakia:
3 million (1999)

Slovenia:
857,400

Solomon Islands:
26,842

Somalia:
3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) (1993 est.)

South Africa:
17 million economically active (2000)

Spain:
17 million (2000)

Sri Lanka:
6.6 million (1998)

Sudan:
11 million (1996 est.)

Suriname:
100,000

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
NA

Sweden:
4.4 million (2000 est.)

Switzerland:
3.9 million (964,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian)
(1998 est.)

Syria:
4.7 million (1998 est.)

Tajikistan:
1.9 million (1996)

Tanzania:
13.495 million

Thailand:
32.6 million (1997 est.)

Togo:
1.74 million (1996)

Tokelau:
NA

Tonga:
34,000 (FY96/97)

Trinidad and Tobago:
558,700 (1998)

Tunisia:
2.65 million (2000 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor

Turkey:
23 million (2000 est.)

note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (1999)

Turkmenistan:
2.34 million (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu:
NA

Uganda:
8.361 million (1993 est.)

Ukraine:
22.8 million (yearend 1997)

United Arab Emirates:
1.4 million (1998 est.)

note: 75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

United Kingdom:
29.2 million (1999)

United States:
140.9 million (includes unemployed) (2000)

Uruguay:
1.5 million (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan:
11.9 million (1998 est.)

Vanuatu:
NA

Venezuela:
9.9 million (1999)

Vietnam:
38.2 million (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands:
47,443 (1990 est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA

West Bank:
NA

Western Sahara:
12,000

World:
NA

Yemen:
NA

Yugoslavia:
1.6 million (1999 est.)

Zambia:
3.4 million

Zimbabwe:
5.5 million (2000 est.)

Taiwan:
9.8 million (2000 est.)

======================================================================

@Labor force - by occupation

Afghanistan:
agriculture 70%, industry 15%, services 15% (1990 est.)

Albania:
agriculture 50%, industry and services 50%

Algeria:
government 29%, agriculture 25%, construction and public
works 15%, industry 11%, other 20% (1996 est.)

American Samoa:
government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990)

Andorra:
agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (1998)

Angola:
agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.)

Anguilla:
commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%,
transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%,
agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%

Antigua and Barbuda:
commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%,
industry 7% (1983)

Argentina:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Armenia:
agriculture 55%, services 25%, industry 20% (1999 est.)

Aruba:
most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair,
followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining

Australia:
services 73%, industry 22%, agriculture 5% (1997 est.)

Austria:
services 68%, industry and crafts 29%, agriculture and
forestry 3% (1999 est.)

Azerbaijan:
agriculture and forestry 32%, industry 15%, services 53%
(1997)

Bahamas, The:
tourism 40%, other services 50%, industry 5%,
agriculture 5% (1995 est.)

Bahrain:
industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%,
agriculture 1% (1997 est.)

Bangladesh:
agriculture 63%, services 26%, industry 11% (FY95/96)

Barbados:
services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.)

Belarus:
industry and construction NA%, agriculture and forestry
NA%, services NA%

Belgium:
services 73%, industry 25%, agriculture 2% (1999 est.)

Belize:
agriculture 38%, industry 32%, services 30% (1994)

Bermuda:
clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and
technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%,
agriculture and fishing 2% (1996)

Bhutan:
agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2%

Bolivia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Botswana:
100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including
14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most
others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995
est.)

Brazil:
services 53.2%, agriculture 23.1%, industry 23.7%

British Virgin Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Brunei:
government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services,
and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999
est.)

Bulgaria:
agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43% (1998 est.)

Burkina Faso:
agriculture 90% (2000 est.)

Burma:
agriculture 65%, industry 10%, services 25% (1999 est.)

Burundi:
NA

Cambodia:
agriculture 80% (1999 est.)

Cameroon:
agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%

Canada:
services 74%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%,
agriculture 3%, other 3% (2000)

Cayman Islands:
agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995)

Chad:
agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

Chile:
agriculture 14%, industry 27%, services 59% (1997 est.)

China:
agriculture 50%, industry 24%, services 26% (1998)

Christmas Island:
tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd.
employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers;
tourism employs others

Colombia:
services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990)

Comoros:
agriculture 80%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
agriculture 65%, industry 16%,
services 19% (1991 est.)

Cook Islands:
agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56% (1995)
note - shortage of skilled labor

Costa Rica:
agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.)

Croatia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Cuba:
agriculture 25%, industry 24%, services 51% (1998)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: services 73%, industry 22%, agriculture
5% (2000); Turkish Cypriot area: services 56.4%, industry 22.8%,
agriculture 20.8% (1998)

Czech Republic:
agriculture 5%, industry 40%, services 55% (2000
est.)

Denmark:
services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.)

Djibouti:
agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.)

Dominica:
agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%

Dominican Republic:
services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%,
agriculture 17% (1998 est.)

Ecuador:
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)

Egypt:
agriculture 29%, services 49%, industry 22% (FY99)

El Salvador:
agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)

Eritrea:
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%

Estonia:
industry 20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999 est.)

Ethiopia:
agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and
services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
agriculture 95% (mostly
sheepherding and fishing)

Faroe Islands:
fishing, fish processing, and manufacturing 33%,
construction and private services 33%, public services 34%

Fiji:
subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners
15% (1987)

Finland:
public services 32%, industry 22%, commerce 14%, finance,
insurance, and business services 10%, agriculture and forestry 8%,
transport and communications 8%, construction 6%

France:
services 71%, industry 25%, agriculture 4% (1997)

French Guiana:
services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry
21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980)

French Polynesia:
agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997)

Gabon:
agriculture 60%, services and government 25%, industry and
commerce 15%

Gambia, The:
agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%,
government 6%

Gaza Strip:
services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)

Georgia:
industry 20%, agriculture 40%, services 40% (1999 est.)

Germany:
industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%, services 63.8% (1999)

Ghana:
agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)

Gibraltar:
services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%

Greece:
industry 21%, agriculture 20%, services 59% (2000 est.)

Grenada:
services 62%, agriculture 24%, industry 14% (1999 est.)

Guadeloupe:
NA

Guam:
federal and territorial government 26%, private 74% (trade
24%, other services 40%, industry 10%) (2000 est.)

Guatemala:
agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)

Guinea:
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
agriculture 78%

Guyana:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Haiti:
agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%

Holy See (Vatican City):
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services
NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay
workers live outside the Vatican

Honduras:
agriculture 29%, industry 21%, services 50% (1998 est.)

Hong Kong:
wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels
31.5%, community and social services 24%, financing, insurance, and
real estate 14.5%, transport and communications 11.6%, manufacturing
7.7%, construction 2.6% (October 1999)

Hungary:
services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996)

Iceland:
agriculture 5.1%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%,
manufacturing 12.9%, construction 10.7%, other services 59.5% (1999)

India:
agriculture 67%, services 18%, industry 15% (1995 est.)

Indonesia:
agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Iran:
agriculture 33%, industry 25%, services 42% (1999 est.)

Iraq:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Ireland:
services 64%, industry 28%, agriculture 8% (2000 est.)

Israel:
public services 31.2%, manufacturing 20.2%, finance and
business 13.1%, commerce 12.8%, construction 7.5%, personal and
other services 6.4%, transport, storage, and communications 6.2%,
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2.6% (1996)

Italy:
services 61.9%, industry 32.6%, agriculture 5.5% (1999)

Jamaica:
services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998)

Japan:
services 65%, industry 30%, agriculture 5%

Jordan:
industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 10.5%,
construction 10%, transport and communications 8.7%, agriculture
7.4%, other services 52% (1992)

Kazakhstan:
industry 27%, agriculture 23%, services 50% (1996)

Kenya:
agriculture 75%-80%

Korea, North:
agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%

Korea, South:
services 68%, industry 20%, agriculture 12% (1999)

Kuwait:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Kyrgyzstan:
agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (1999 est.)

Laos:
agriculture 80% (1997 est.)

Latvia:
agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (2000 est.)

Lebanon:
services NA%, industry NA%, agriculture NA%

Lesotho:
86% of resident population engaged in subsistence
agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in
South Africa

Liberia:
agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (1999 est.)

Libya:
services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17%
(1997 est.)

Liechtenstein:
industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%,
agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.)

Lithuania:
industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50% (1997 est.)

Luxembourg:
services 83.2%, industry 14.3%, agriculture 2.5% (1998
est.)

Macau:
restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services
52% (2000 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
agriculture NA%,
industry NA%, services NA%

Malawi:
agriculture 86% (1997 est.)

Malaysia:
local trade and tourism 28%, manufacturing 27%,
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries 16%, services 10%, government
10%, construction 9% (2000 est.)

Maldives:
agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995)

Mali:
agriculture and fishing 80% (1998 est.)

Malta:
industry 24%, services 71%, agriculture 5% (1999 est.)

Man, Isle of:
agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing
11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and
retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%,
public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, tourism 2%,
entertainment and catering 3%, miscellaneous services 10%

Marshall Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Martinique:
agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% (1997)

Mauritania:
agriculture 47%, services 39%, industry 14%

Mauritius:
construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture
and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and
communication 7%, finance 3% (1995)

Mexico:
agriculture 20%, industry 24%, services 56% (1998)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
two-thirds are government employees

Moldova:
agriculture 40%, industry 14%, other 46% (1998)

Mongolia:
primarily herding/agricultural

Montserrat:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Morocco:
agriculture 50%, services 35%, industry 15% (1999 est.)

Mozambique:
agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)

Namibia:
agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)

Nauru:
employed in mining phosphates, public administration,
education, and transportation

Nepal:
agriculture 81%, services 16%, industry 3%

Netherlands:
services 73%, industry 23%, agriculture 4% (1998 est.)

Netherlands Antilles:
agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86%
(1994 est.)

New Caledonia:
agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)

New Zealand:
services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995)

Nicaragua:
services 43%, agriculture 42%, industry 15% (1999 est.)

Niger:
agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%

Nigeria:
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)

Niue:
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in
government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

Norfolk Island:
tourism NA%, subsistence agriculture NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
NA

Norway:
services 74%, industry 22%, agriculture, forestry, and
fishing 4% (1995)

Oman:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Pakistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Palau:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Panama:
agriculture 20.8%, industry 18%, services 61.2% (1995 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
agriculture 85%, industry NA%, services NA%

Paraguay:
agriculture 45%

Peru:
agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing,
construction, transport, services

Philippines:
agriculture 39.8%, government and social services
19.4%, services 17.7%, manufacturing 9.8%, construction 5.8%, other
7.5% (1998 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
no business community in the usual sense; some
public works; subsistence farming and fishing

Poland:
industry 22.1%, agriculture 27.5%, services 50.4% (1999)

Portugal:
services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)

Puerto Rico:
agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)

Reunion:
agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990)

Romania:
agriculture 40%, industry 25%, services 35% (1998)

Russia:
agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services 55% (1999 est.)

Rwanda:
agriculture 90%

Saint Helena:
agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly
construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
NA

Saint Lucia:
agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry and
commerce 17.7% (1983 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
fishing 18%, industry (mainly
fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
agriculture 26%, industry 17%,
services 57% (1980 est.)

Samoa:
agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)

San Marino:
services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe:
population mainly engaged in subsistence
agriculture and fishing

note: shortages of skilled workers

Saudi Arabia:
agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.)

Senegal:
agriculture 60%

Seychelles:
industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989)

Sierra Leone:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Singapore:
financial, business, and other services 35%,
manufacturing 21%, construction 13%, transportation and
communication 9%

Slovakia:
industry 29.3%, agriculture 8.9%, construction 8%,
transport and communication 8.2%, services 45.6% (1994)

Slovenia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Solomon Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Somalia:
agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and
services 29%

South Africa:
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)

Spain:
services 64%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 28%,
agriculture 8% (1997 est.)

Sri Lanka:
services 45%, agriculture 38%, industry 17% (1998 est.)

Sudan:
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%,
unemployed 4% (1996 est.)

Suriname:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Swaziland:
private sector 70%, public sector 30%

Sweden:
agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)

Switzerland:
services 69.1%, industry 26.3%, agriculture 4.6% (1998
est.)

Syria:
agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1996 est.)

Tajikistan:
agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.)

Tanzania:
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)

Thailand:
agriculture 54%, industry 15%, services 31% (1996 est.)

Togo:
agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Tonga:
agriculture 65% (1997 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago:
construction and utilities 12.4%,
manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services
64.1% (1997 est.)

Tunisia:
services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)

Turkey:
agriculture 38%, services 38%, industry 24% (2000)

Turkmenistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 19%, services 37% (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
about 33% in government and 20% in
agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial,
and other services (1997 est.)

Tuvalu:
people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea,
reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad
(mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)

Uganda:
agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)

Ukraine:
industry 32%, agriculture 24%, services 44% (1996)

United Arab Emirates:
services 60%, industry 32%, agriculture 8%
(1996 est.)

United Kingdom:
agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80% (1996
est.)

United States:
managerial and professional 30.2%, technical, sales
and administrative support 29.2%, services 13.5%, manufacturing,
mining, transportation, and crafts 24.6%, farming, forestry, and
fishing 2.5% (2000)

note: figures exclude the unemployed

Uruguay:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Uzbekistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995)

Vanuatu:
agriculture 65%, services 32%, industry 3% (1995 est.)

Venezuela:
services 64%, industry 23%, agriculture 13% (1997 est.)

Vietnam:
agriculture 67%, industry and services 33% (1997 est.)

Virgin Islands:
agriculture 1%, industry 20%, services 79% (1990
est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%,
government 4% (est.)

West Bank:
services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)

Western Sahara:
animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%

World:
agricultue NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Yemen:
most people are employed in agriculture and herding;
services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than
one-fourth of the labor force

Yugoslavia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Zambia:
agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%

Zimbabwe:
agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996 est.)

Taiwan:
services 55%, industry 37%, agriculture 8% (1999 est.)

======================================================================

@Land boundaries

Afghanistan:
total: 5,529 km

border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Albania:
total: 720 km

border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 151 km, Yugoslavia 287 km

Algeria:
total: 6,343 km

border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,
Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa:
0 km

Andorra:
total: 120.3 km

border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola:
total: 5,198 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of
which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),
Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla:
0 km

Antarctica:
0 km

note: see entry on International disputes

Antigua and Barbuda:
0 km

Argentina:
total: 9,665 km

border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,
Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia:
total: 1,254 km

border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba:
0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
0 km

Australia:
0 km

Austria:
total: 2,562 km

border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary
366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia
330 km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan:
total: 2,013 km

border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia
(with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran
(with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The:
0 km

Bahrain:
0 km

Baker Island:
0 km

Bangladesh:
total: 4,246 km

border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados:
0 km

Bassas da India:
0 km

Belarus:
total: 3,098 km

border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 605 km,
Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium:
total: 1,385 km

border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km,
Netherlands 450 km

Belize:
total: 516 km

border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin:
total: 1,989 km

border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773
km, Togo 644 km

Bermuda:
0 km

Bhutan:
total: 1,075 km

border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia:
total: 6,743 km

border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,
Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
total: 1,459 km

border countries: Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km

Botswana:
total: 4,013 km

border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe
813 km

Bouvet Island:
0 km

Brazil:
total: 14,691 km

border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia
1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,
Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory:
0 km

British Virgin Islands:
0 km

Brunei:
total: 381 km

border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria:
total: 1,808 km

border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Yugoslavia 318 km, Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso:
total: 3,192 km

border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 548 km,
Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma:
total: 5,876 km

border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463
km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi:
total: 974 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda
290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia:
total: 2,572 km

border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon:
total: 4,591 km

border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km,
Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298
km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada:
total: 8,893 km

border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde:
0 km

Cayman Islands:
0 km

Central African Republic:
total: 5,203 km

border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic
Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan
1,165 km

Chad:
total: 5,968 km

border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197
km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile:
total: 6,171 km

border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

China:
total: 22,147.24 km

border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km,
Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea
1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia
4,676.9 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast)
3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281
km

Christmas Island:
0 km

Clipperton Island:
0 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
0 km

Colombia:
total: 6,004 km

border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km,
Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros:
0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
total: 10,744 km

border countries: Angola 2,511 km, Burundi 233 km, Central African
Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km,
Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 473 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the:
total: 5,504 km

border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African
Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon
1,903 km

Cook Islands:
0 km

Coral Sea Islands:
0 km

Costa Rica:
total: 639 km

border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire:
total: 3,110 km

border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km,
Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Croatia:
total: 2,028 km

border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km,
Yugoslavia 266 km, Slovenia 501 km

Cuba:
total: 29 km

border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km

note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains
part of Cuba

Cyprus:
0 km

Czech Republic:
total: 1,881 km

border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,
Slovakia 215 km

Denmark:
total: 68 km

border countries: Germany 68 km

Djibouti:
total: 508 km

border countries: Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km

Dominica:
0 km

Dominican Republic:
total: 275 km

border countries: Haiti 275 km

Ecuador:
total: 2,010 km

border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Egypt:
total: 2,689 km