Chapter D

D'Alembert, M., proverbial saying of, I. 163. Remarks of, 334. 336. His éloge of Fénélon, 345, n. 369. 371. The Encyclopédie, II. 77. His friendship with Condorcet, 176.

D'Angeau, marquis do, I. 58. His fortune at play, 244, n.

Dauphin, the, son of Louis XIV., I. 334. 336, n.

Davenport, Mr., permits Rousseau to occupy his house at Wotton in Derbyshire, II. 160.

Denis, madame, niece of Voltaire, II. 53. 55. 58. 69. 89. 98. 99. 105.

Descartes, his celebrity for science, I. 185.

Desfontaines, the abbé, II. 31, 32.

Deshoulières, madame, her sonnet on Racine's "Phèdre," I. 312.

Des Marais, bishop of Chartres, I. 342.

Des Marets, French academician, I. 47.

Devaux, M., II. 33.

Diderot, M., writes a large portion of the Encyclopédie, II. 77. That work was condemned by the parliament and clergy, and suppressed, 77. Is confined at Vincennes for publishing a pamphlet, 133. Visited by J. J. Rousseau, 133. High reputation of, 171.

Drama, the: France indebted to Spanish tragic authors, I. 41. 45. In comedy to Lope di Vega, 51. The Greek drama not suitable to modern times, 305. Voltaire's critique on the tragedies of Sophocles, II. 15. _See_ Theatre.

Dubois, cardinal, II. 10.

Du Deffand, la marquise, letter from Voltaire to, II. 89. 103.

Dumouriez, general, minister for foreign affairs, II. 277. 278. 314.

Dupin, madame, II. 128. 129.

Duprat, chancellor, invades the privileges of the faculty at Montpellier, I. 27. The gift of tongues an introduction of Rabelais to, 27.

Dupuis, M. and madame, II. 89.

Duverdier, the Bibliothèque Française of, I. 39. His Prosographie, 39.

E.

Encyclopédie, by MM. Diderot, d'Alembert, Voltaire, and others, II. 77. 148.

Enville, duchess d', II. 81.

Epinay, madame d', II. 138. 143. 145. 164.

Etallonde, the chevalier d', II. 86. 107.

Euripides, I. 40.

F.

Fables of La Fontaine, I. 164. 178. 180. Gay's, 179. Anonymous English fables imitated from La Fontaine, 179.

Fayette, countess de la, her novel of "La Princesse de Clèves," I. 84. Her taste and erudition, 85. Friendship of the duke of Rochefoucauld for, 85. 87. Her mansion the resort of French literati, &c., 231. Her portrait or character of de Sévigné, 255.

Fénélon, François de Salignac de la Mothe, born in 1651, I. 329. His ancestry, 329. His education, 331. Takes his degree at Cahors, 331. The abbé Fénélon's sermons at nineteen applauded, 331. His strict attention to the sacerdotal duties, 332. His purpose of becoming missionary, 332. Louis XIV. desires him to convert the Huguenots, 333. Is the pupil and friend of Bossuet, 335. Writes on female education, 335. His "Telemachus," 337. 356. 371. Appointed archbishop of Cambrai, 339. Is deceived by the zeal and pretended visions of madame Guyon, 340. Declines approval of Bossuet's condemnation of her, 343. Louis XIV. did not like Fénélon, 345, n. Exiled to his diocese, 346. 360. His "Exposition des Maximes des Saints sur la vie intérieure," 344. The pope condemns the book, 352. Controversy on this subject among the great prelates, 344. 350. Fénélon's letters, 360. His religious principles, 362. _et passim._ Is visited by the duke of Burgundy at Cambrai, 364. His active charity, 365. Louis XIV. becomes sensible of his unjust treatment of this great prelate, 366. The archbishop's sickness and death, 367. His character, 368. 370. His conversation, 368. Ramsay, a Scottish baronet, describes his habits and disposition, 369. 370. His dialogues on eloquence, 372. Political views in his "Telemachus," 373.

Fénélon, marquis de, I. 331. 367.

Ferney, château of, Voltaire's seclusion at the, II. 76. Visitors to, 90. Marmontel, 91. Countess de Genlis, 96.

Ferney, village of, II. 101.

Fleuri, cardinal de, II. 32. 42. 44. His death.

Fleury, abbé de, sous-précepteur of the princes, I. 336.

Fontaine, _see_ La Fontaine, I. 150. &c.

Fontenelle, nephew of Corneille, I. 41. Observations by, on La Fontaine, 178.

Fouquet, minister of finance, incites Pierre Corneille to write "Œdipe," a tragedy, I. 54. His mistake in entertaining his monarch too sumptuously, 111. Offends mademoiselle de la Vallière. 112. Louis XIV. restrains his anger during the fête given by the financier, 113. His disgrace, 162. Is brought to trial, 222. Imprisoned in Pignerol until his death in 1680, 224. His correspondence seized, 224.

France, the civil war between Catholics and Huguenots, I. 11. Consequences of civil war, the rise of statesmen and warriors, and next of poets and authors, 41. Events on the death of Louis XIII., 64. Corruption of manners, 67. Condé and Turenne defeat the Spaniards, 67. Broils and adventures in the contest of the Fronde against Mazarin and the court, 70. 75. The kingdom suffers in commerce, learning, arts and sciences; and demoralization a further consequence of civil war, 77. Licentiousness resulting from the war, 104. French manners liable to ridiculous interpretation, 109. Molière lashes these foibles, 109. Anecdotes descriptive of the state of society, 171. 217. 230. II. 45. Literature not good at the commencement of Louis XIV.'s reign, I. 262. War of the Spanish succession, 362. Invasion of Flanders, 364. The nation vain, and fond of glory, II. 21. Intolerance of the clergy of, 99. 108.

Franceuil, M., his friendship for J. J. Rousseau, II. 128. 129. 135.

Francis I., court of, I. 27. 30. He protects Rabelais against the Sorbonne, 32.

Franciscan order, the, I. 24.

Frederic the Great, king of Prussia, his correspondence with Voltaire, II. 35. He visits Strasbourg, 39. Voltaire's interview with Frederic at the castle of Clèves, 39. Description of the monarch, 39. 41. He attacks the principles of Machiavelli, 40. He seizes on Silesia, 42. Concludes peace with the empress Maria Theresa, 46. Negotiations with France, 47. The king welcomes Voltaire to Potsdam, and grants him a place and a pension, 57-65. Appoints Maupertuis, president of the Royal Academy, 54. Refuses permission to Voltaire to quit his service, 67. Their interview, 67. Reconciliation effected, 68. Frederic sends to Voltaire at Frankfort for a volume of the king's poems, 69. Voltaire's arrest until he can receive the volume left at Leipsic, 69. Frederic defeated in battle, addresses an epistle in verse to Voltaire, 73. He gains two victories, 74. His opinion of Voltaire's powers of conversation, 90. Invites J. J. Rousseau to Berlin, 157.

French language: affected and extravagant style of Mlle. de Scudéri and others of the Hôtel Rambouillet, I. 107. 108.

Fronde, civil war of the, described, I. 68. &c. Great men of this party enumerated, 69. The new and old Fronde, 74. Character of the times of the Fronde, 95. 96. _See_ Life of Rochefoucauld.

Furetière, abbé, his Dictionary, I. 168. Anger of against the French Academy, 168.

G.

Galen, edition of, by Rabelais, I. 26. 28. "Ars Medicinalis" of, 37.

Galileo, his investigation of atmospheric laws, I. 191.

Gallanous, Peter, controversy of respecting Aristotle, I. 31.

Gamache, viscountess de (Eléanore de Montaigne), I. 21.

"Gargantua, the Giant, and Pantagruel," of Rabelais, I. 31. Supposed personages pourtrayed in, 32. Editions thereof, 38.

Gascony and Guienne, character of the people of, I. 1.

Gassendi, astronomer and mathematician, instructs Chapelle and Molière, I. 99.

Gaussin, Mademoiselle, celebrated and beautiful actress, II. 22.

Gauthier Garguille, excellent comedian, I. 101.

Gay's Fables, comparison of La Fontaine's with, I. 179.

Geneva, residence of "Les Délices" acquired by Voltaire near to, II. 71. 74. 75. Quits it for the château de Ferney, on the adjacent French territory, 76. Rousseau's early years passed at Geneva, 112. Kind reception of him at a later period by his countrymen, 137. Voltaire and d'Alembert desirous of softening the tone of society in, by establishing dramatic, representations, 149. Rousseau replies to their article for that object in the Encyclopédie, 149. Ferment at, in which the writings of Rousseau were concerned, 157.

Genlis, countess de, narrates her visit to Voltaire at Ferney, II. 94. Rousseau offended by, 167.

Gex, town of, II. 100.

Gibbon, Edward, esq. the historian, an admirer of mademoiselle Churchod, the mother of madame de Staël, II. 296. 305.

Gilbert, tragedy of "Rodogune" by, I. 53.

Ginguené, M., criticisms of, I. 34.

Goldsmith, Oliver, opinions relative to his conversation, I. 182.

Gournay le Jars, Marie de, I. 20. Publishes the Essays of Montaigne, who had treated her as a daughter by adoption, 21.

Gourville, secretary to de la Rochefoucauld, I. 67. 70. 78. 79. His Memoirs referred to, 84. 120.

Graffigny, madame de, II. 26. 30. 33.

Grammont, count de, espouses miss Hamilton, I. 119.

Greek, Rabelais familiar with, I. 38.

Greek tragedy, unities of the, I. 45. 49. 52.

Grignan, count de, his marriage, I. 227. Praise of him by madame de Sévigné, 227. He repairs to Provence as lieutenant-governor, 228.

Grignan, countess de, daughter of madame, de Sévigné, educated by her mother, II. 218. Is presented at court, 225. Appeared at the fêtes of Versailles, 226. Her beauty celebrated by Benserade, 226. Accepts the hand of the count de Grignan, a widower, 227. Accompanies her husband to Provence, 228. Portraiture of the countess, 229. Visits of madame de Sévigné to her in Provence, 228. 241. Madame de Grignan attends her mother in Paris when ill, 245. But returns to Provence herself in ill health, 246. Renewed journeys to see her mother, and to Provence, 246. 247. 249. Her children, 248. Is on terms of affection with her mother, 250. Attended in sickness by her mother, 254.

Grignan, marquis de, their son, I. 230, n. 250. 251. 254. 258.

Grignan, chevalier de, an uncle, I. 246. His family, 246. 247.

Grignan, Pauline de, daughter of the countess, I. 248, n. 251. She marries the marquis de Simiane, 254. 258.

Grimm, baron de. Correspondence of, I. 63. II. 103. J. J. Rousseau's friendship for, 144. Account of the baron, 145. His report as to Rousseau, 164. 171.

Gros Guillaume, comedian, I. 101.

Gros René, comedian, I. 102.

Gros René, madame, actress, I. 102.

Guibert, count de, II. 98.

Guise, duke of, assassinated at Blois, I. 11.

Guyon, madame, enthusiasm or mysticism of, I. 340. _et seq._ Her fervour occasions the disgrace of Fénélon, 342. He speaks in her cause to Bossuet, 342. Her party punished, 343.

H.

Hamilton, la belle, countess of Grammont, I. 119.

Hardy, early French dramatic author, I. 41.

Harlay de, archbishop of Paris, I. 140. 333.

Harpe, La, M., critical remarks of I. 178. 258. II. 102.

Helvetius, M., II. 171. Madame Roland's opinion as to, 263.

Henrietta of England, duchess of Orléans, I. 58. 308. Her death, 164.

Henry, king of Navarre, I. 11.

Henry IV. king of France, I. 11. Character of his court warlike and unlettered, 41. The "Henriade" a history of this great monarch and his times, II. 12.

Herbault, Puits d', monk of Fontevrault, I. 31.

Hippocrates, edited or translated by Rabelais, I. 26. 28. 37. His system, 26.

Holland, lord, on the Spanish Drama, &c., I. 45, n.

Houdetot, countess d', II. 128. Her visit to J. J. Rousseau at the Hermitage, 141.

Huguenots, blame attached by Montaigne to their party, I. 12. Oppression of the, 257. Bourdaloue sent into the south to convert protestants, 257, n. Fénélon commissioned to convert the Huguenots, 333. Out of the pale of the Romish church, 339. II. 79. The _dragonnades_, 79. 87.

Hume, David, persuades Rousseau to visit England, II. 159. Is indignant at the folly and jealousies of Jean Jacques, 162.