Chapter C

Cailhava, his "Art de la Comédie," I. 154, n.

Calas, Jean, inquiry into the injustice of the condemnation of, II. 80.

Calonne, administration of this financier, II. 304.

Calvin, John, his reproof of Rabelais, I. 31.

Castro, Guillen de, the "Cid" of, I. 45.

Catherine II., her correspondence with M. de Voltaire, II. 107.

Caumartin, M. de, II. 10.

Cavoie, M. de, I. 281. 317.

Chamfort, his éloge of Molière, I. 148.

Champmélé, mademoiselle de, celebrated actress, I. 307.

Charles VI., the emperor, death of, II. 42.

Chapelain, French poet and critic, I. 47. 48. Character of, 262. His poem of "La Pucelle d'Orléans," 262. 263, n. Other allusions to, 301.

Chapelle, poet, education of, I. 99. His good-fellowship, 115. 131. 132. Allusions to, 216.

Chateauneuf, the abbé de, II. 5. 6.

Chateauneuf, marquis de, II. 7.

Châteauroux, duchess of, II. 44. 47.

Châtelet, marquis du, his castle of Cirey affords a refuge to Voltaire, II. 24. 26.

Châtelet, madame du, Voltaire's intimacy with, II. 21. She learns English of Voltaire, 25. 26. Her literary taste, 25. 29. She revisits Paris with Voltaire, 42. Visits Sceaux, 48. Her death, 52.

Châtillon, duchess of, I. 217.

Chaulnes, duke of, governor of Britany, I. 248.

Chaulnes, duchess of, I. 243. 248. 252.

Chavigni, duke of, I. 82.

Chevreuse, duchess de, favourite of Anne, regent of France, I. 64. 65. 66. Is banished, 67.

Chimène, or Ximena, part of, critique, I. 45. 46.

Choiseul, duke of, II. 81. 82. 101.

"Cid," the, of Guillen de Castro, I. 45. 101.

"Cinna," tragedy of, by Corneille, I. 49.

Cirey, château of the marquis du Châtelet in Champagne, II. 24. 27. Voltaire's mode of life there, 28.

Clairon, mademoiselle, actress, II. 44.

Clement VII., pope, I. 25.

Clement XI., I. 367.

Colbert, minister of Louis XIV., I. 163. 166. 222. 287, n. 301.

Colletet, French author, I. 43.

Comedy, French: Corneille's "Mélite," I. 42. His "Illusion," 44. His "Le Menteur," 51. Racine's "Les Plaideurs," 53. _See_ Theatre.

Condé, the great prince of, I. 53. 60. Defeats the Spaniards at Rocroi, 67. Blockades Paris, 70. Is imprisoned, 70. And liberated by de Retz and the Frondeurs, 73. Joined by the Spaniards in the south of France, 77. Quits Guienne to join the forces of the duke of Nemours, 78. Perilous journey, 79. Is opposed by Turenne, 80. Contest between these great commanders near Paris, 81. The Parisians show great regard for him, 82. On occasion of a tumult and partial massacre, he incurs their hatred, 82. His admiration of Molière, 113. 124. Further allusions to, 278. 313. 327. 331.

Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine de Caritat, marquis de, born in Picardy, II. 175. His scientific works, 172. _et seq._ His examination of the "Pensées de Pascal," 177. Intimacy with men of science, 178. Replies to Necker's book, 178. His edition of Voltaire, and a life of that author, 103. 178. Replies to De Lolme on the English Constitution, 179. Character of Condorcet, 179. What share he had in the French revolution, 180. Violent speech of against monarchy, 182. 184. His political writings, 182. 184. 187. Supports in his speeches the cause of liberty, 182. 184. 187. Esteemed for his integrity, 184. His metaphysical deductions, 185. His enlarged views regarding national education, 186. His vote went to save Louis XVI., 188. Denounced by Chabot, as an accomplice of Brissot, 190. His "Historical Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind," 190. His views of human perfection, 191. His epistle in verse to his wife, 192. He retires to Chamont, 192. Is discovered, and imprisoned at Bourg-la-Reine, 193. Dies of cold and hunger in jail, 193. His character as given by madame Roland, 193. His wife escaped the dangers of the revolution, 194. She wrote some philosophical works, 194.; and died in 1822, 194. Mademoiselle de Condorcet married Arthur O'Connor, 194.

Conti, Armand de Bourbon, prince of, I. 60. 68. Engaged in the civil war on the side of the Fronde, I. 60. 68. Holds out in Bordeaux and Guienne for several years, 83, n. Educated in the college of Clermont, 99. He patronizes Molière at Pezenas, 105. 106. Allusions to, 236.

Conti, the princess of, I. 286.

Conti, the prince of, entertains J. J. Rousseau, II. 159. Affords him a refuge, 162.

Corbinelli, M., account of, I. 256. His wit, 237. His letters, 245.

Corneille, Pierre, the father of French tragedy, I. 40. His parents, 40. His brother, Thomas Corneille, also a dramatist of celebrity, 41. His sister Marthe, mother of Fontenelle, 41. Taught at Rouen by Jesuits, 41. His first work, "Mélite," a comedy, 42. Mediocrity of his first dramas, 42. Corrects the plays of Richelieu, 43. His associates in that task, 43. He retires from Paris to Rouen, 43. His poems to madame Du Pont, 43. His "Medée" unsuccessful, 44. "Illusion," a comedy, 44. His genius fires with the study of Spanish dramas, 44. Reads the "Cid" of Guillen de Castro, 45. Corneille's drama of the "Cid," 45. 46. 101. Its plot and action, 101. Its renown, 47. Critique of the "Cid," by the Académie Française, 47. 48. Richelieu's observations thereon, 48. Corneille's tragedy of "Horace," 48. His tragedy of "Cinna," 49. "Polyeucte," 50. His comedy of "Le Menteur," 51. "Rodogune," 52. Ill success of "Don Sancho," "Theodore," and "Pertharite," 52. His "Essays on the Theatre," 54. His translation of the "Imitation of Jesus Christ," 54. Tragedy of "Œdipe," 54. Its success, 54. His genius afterwards unequal to his former fame, 54. Pension granted him by Louis XIV., 55. 60. Character of the great dramatist, 60. His fruitless attempts in later tragedies, 56. His "Agesilas and Attila," 57. His wife and sister described, 56. Is established in Paris, 56. Parallel of Racine and Corneille, 57. "Berenice," a subject treated by both poets, 58. Corneille less successful than his rival, 59. "Pulchérie," and "Suréna," his last plays, 59. Death of Corneille, aged seventy-nine, 59. Unison of his character with his works, 59. Public applause of the poet, 60. Eloge of, by Racine, 61. A great-niece of, adopted by Voltaire, 61, n. II. 78. His sons, I. 61. Allusions to, 262.

Corneille, Thomas, dramatic author, I. 41. Success of his "Timocrates," 56. "Le Comte d'Essex" popular, 56. He and his brother Pierre marry the demoiselles de Lamperière, 56. Harmony of the Corneille family, 56. Some quotations from, 43, n. 55, n. 59, n.

Corneille, Marthe, the mother of Fontenelle, I. 41. 56.

Cotin, l'Abbé, his death hastened by critics and satirists, I. 147. Molière's attack on, 153, 154. Boileau's satire on, 263.

Coulanges, Marie de, baronne de Chantal, mother of madame de Sévigné, I. 215.

Coulanges, Christophe de, abbé de Livry, takes charge of his orphan niece, madame de Sévigné, I. 215. His consolations afforded her on the death of the marquis her husband, 218. His death, 251.

Coulanges, M. de, cousin of madame de Sévigné, I. 232. Lawsuit of, pleaded by himself, 232. Dialogue in verse by, 232, n. Impromptu by, 235. His death, 235.

Coulanges, madame de, I. 232. Celebrated for wit and beauty, 234. 339.

Couvreur, mademoiselle, death and mode of sepulture of this actress, II. 23.

Crébillon, dramatic poet, II. 43. 50. A rival of Voltaire, 51. 57.

Cuspidius, Lucius, will of, I. 37.