Chapter XII: Great Explorers

Old-time travellers—Herodotos—Strabo—Pliny—Ptolemy—The Arab
geographers—The Portuguese explorers—Andrew Battel—British on
the Gambia—French on the Senegal—James Bruce and the Blue
Nile—Timbuktu—Mungo Park and the Niger—South African
explorations—Portugal and Dr Lacerda—Captain Owen—Tuckey and the
Congo—Major Laing—René Caillé—British Government expeditions in
Tripoli,—Bornu, Lake Chad, and Sokoto—Lander and the Niger
mouth—Barth and, the Western Sudan—the Jewish explorer
Mordokhai—Krapf, Rebmann, and the Snow
Mountains—Livingstone—Burton and Speke, Speke and Grant—Samuel
Baker—Livingstone and Kirk—French explorers in North-West
Africa—Livingstone and Central
Africa—Cameron—Rohlfs—Nachtigal—Alexandrine Tinne—Paul du
Chaillu—Winwood Reade—Stanley and the Congo—Portuguese
explorers—Schweinfurth and the Wele—Nile explorers—Nyasaland
explorations—Pogge, Reichard, Boehm, and von Bary—Dr
Felkin—Joseph Thomson—George Grenfell—von Wissmann—Emin
Pasha—Cameroons explorers—Nigerian and Chad
explorations—Tanganyika, Somaliland, and East African
discoveries—Kilima-njaro—Morocco—Marchand—Madagascar—Remarkable
20th century exploring work 297

CHAPTER XIII

BELGIAN AFRICA

The work of Cambier and Storms—Comité d’Études du Haut Congo—H. M.
Stanley founds the Congo Independent State—its subsequent
history—Long struggle with the Arabs—Captain Hinde—Baron
Dhanis—Rumoured atrocities—Katanga—Extension to the White
Nile—Murder of Mr Stokes—Railway to Stanley Pool—Denunciation of
King Leopold’s maladministration by E. D. Morel—Congo Reform
movement—Belgian annexation of Congo State 342

CHAPTER XIV

THE BRITISH IN AFRICA, III

(_Egypt and Eastern Africa_)

England wrests Egypt from the French—Rise of Muhammad Ali—Suez
Canal—Arabi’s rebellion—Tel-el-Kebir—Mahdi’s revolt—Gordon’s
death—Lord Cromer—Lord Kitchener and the reconquest of the
Sudan—Fashoda—Egypt in the 20th century—Nationalism—Development
of the Sudan—Sudd-cutting—Aden and Somaliland—The ‘mad’
Mullah—Zanzibar—Sir John Kirk—Kilima-njaro—British East African
Company—Sir Frederick Lugard and Uganda—Sir Gerald Portal—The
Sudanese mutiny in Uganda—The Special Commission—Sleeping
Sickness—Zanzibar Government—Dissolution of British East Africa
Company—Mubarak’s rising—Ogadein Somalis—Big Game—‘White’ East
Africa 359

CHAPTER XV

THE ITALIANS IN AFRICA

Italian commercial intercourse with North Africa during Crusades
and Renaissance—The Popes and geographical research—Italy in
Tunis and Tripoli—Assab Bay—Abyssinia—Eritrea—Italian reverse at
Adua—Italy in Somaliland—The Italian invasion and annexation of
the Tripolitaine 390

CHAPTER XVI

GERMAN AFRICA

The Brandenburg traders and the West Coast—German aspirations after
colonies in the forties and sixties of the 19th century—German
missionaries in South-West Africa—Herr Lüderitz—Angra
Pequena—British indecision—German South-West Africa Protectorate
founded—Germany in the Cameroons—in East Africa—Anglo-German
partition of the Sultan of Zanzibar’s dominions—Rising against
German rule in East Africa—Germany in the Cameroons—Hottentot
and Damara rebellions in South-West Africa—Prospects of German
South-West Africa—Togoland 403