Chapter V: Numerals

(See Exercise XIV, page 134)

=55.= =+THE CARDINALS+=

1 =um=, _f._ =uma=
2 =dois=, _f._ =duas=
3 =tres=
4 =quatro=
5 =cinco=
6 =seis=
7 =sete=
8 =oito=
9 =nove=
10 =dez=
11 =onze=
12 =doze=
13 =treze=
14 =quatorze=
15 =quinze=
16 =dezeseis=
17 =dezesete=
18 =dezoito=
19 =dezenove=
20 =vinte=
21 =vinte e um= (_or_ =uma=)
22 =vinte e dois= (_or_ =duas=)
30 =trinta=
40 =quarenta=
50 =cicoenta=
60 =sessenta=
70 =setenta=
80 =oitenta=
90 =noventa=
100 =cem=
101 =cento e um= (_or_ =uma=)
102 =cento e dois= (_or_ =duas=)
200 =duzentos=, _f._ =-as=
300 =trezentos=, _f._ =-as=
400 =quatrocentos=, _f._ =-as=
500 =quinhentos=, _f._ =-as=
600 =seiscentos=, _f._ =-as=
700 =setecentos=, _f._ =-as=
800 =oitocentos=, _f._ =-as=
900 =novecentos=, _f._ =-as=
1000 =mil=[30]
1001 =mil e um= (_or_ =uma=)
2000 =dois= (_or_ =duas=) =mil=
1,000,000 =um milhão=

=56.= The cardinal numbers have the same form for both genders except in the cases of =um=, =uma=, _one_; =dois=, =duas=, _two_; and those ending in =centos= or =centas=.

=57.= The cardinal numbers are often used in place of the ordinals, especially to denote the days of the month except =primeiro=, _the first_, as: =hoje é sete=, _to-day is the seventh_; =pagina vinte=, _page twenty_; =seculo dezoito= for =decimo oitavo seculo=, _the eighteenth century_.

=58.= Except when used in place of the ordinals the cardinals always precede the noun: =ha vinte dias=, _twenty days ago_.

THE ORDINALS

=59.= The ordinal numbers are variously derived:

1. By the use of the suffix =eiro=: =primeiro=, _first_; =terceiro=, _third_.

2. From the Latin forms: =segundo=, _second_; =sexto=, _sixth_.

3. By the use of the suffix =esimo=:[31] =vigesimo=, _twentieth_; =centesimo=, _hundredth_.

_a._ The ordinals have gender and number like other adjectives.

_b._ The ordinals are used either as nouns or as adjectives: =um sexto=, _a sixth_, or =uma sexta parte=, _a sixth part_. =Um segundo=, however, is not used for _a half_, nor =um terceiro=, for _a third_, when fractions are meant. (See “Fractions,” § 61.)

1 =primeiro=, first 2 =segundo=, second 3 =terceiro=, third, etc. 4 =quarto= 5 =quinto= 6 =sexto= 7 =septimo= _or_ =setimo= 8 =oitavo= 9 =nono= 10 =decimo= 11 =undecimo= (=decimo primeiro=) 12 =duodecimo= (=decimo segundo=) 13 =decimo terceiro= 14 =decimo quarto= 15 =decimo quinto= 16 =decimo sexto= 17 =decimo setimo= 18 =decimo oitavo= 19 =decimo nono= 20 =vigesimo= 21 =vigesimo primeiro= 22 =vigesimo segundo= 30 =trigesimo= 40 =quadragesimo= 50 =quinquagesimo= 60 =sexagesimo= 70 =septuagesimo= 80 =octogesimo= 90 =nonagesimo= 100 =centesimo=

=60.= =Inflection.=--Of the cardinals =um=, =dois=, and multiples of =cento= (=duzentos=, _f._ =duzentas=) are treated as adjectives.

The ordinals are all treated as adjectives, except as indicated at § 59_b_.

=61.= +=THE FRACTIONS=+

¹⁄₂ { =metade=: =metade do dinheiro=, half of the money { =meio= _or_ =meia=: =meia hora=, half an hour ¹⁄₃ =terço= _or_ =terça=: =uma terça parte= ²⁄₃ =dois terços= _or_ =duas terças partes= ¹⁄₄ =um quarto= _or_ =uma quarta parte= ³⁄₄ =tres quartos= ¹⁄₅ =um quinto= ¹⁄₆ =um sexto= ¹⁄₇ =um setimo= ¹⁄₈ =um oitavo= ¹⁄₉ =um nono= ¹⁄₁₀ =um decimo=

_a._ In the reading of fractions above tenths the suffix =avo= (derived from the term =oitavo=) is used to express the divisor.

¹⁄₁₁ =um onze avo= _or_ =a undecima parte=
⁹⁄₁₁ =nove onze avos=
¹⁄₁₂ =um doze avo=
¹⁄₂₀ =um vinte avo=
¹³⁄₂₀ =treze vinte avos=
⁴¹⁄₅₄ =quarenta e um cincoenta e quatro avos=
¹⁄₁₀₀ =um centesimo=
¹⁄₁₀₀₀ =um millesimo=

=62.= +=MULTIPLICATION=+

The word =vez=, _time_, is used with the cardinal numerals to express multiplication: =uma vez= or =simples=, _once_; =duas vezes=, _twice_; =tres vezes=, _three times_, etc. Example: =tres vezes tres são nove=, _three times three are nine_.

_a._ These expressions are also used: =dois tantos=, _twice_ _as many_; =tres tantos=, _three times as many_; =outros tantos=, _as many more_.

_b._ _Proportionals_:

=duplice=, } =dobrado=, } double =dobro=, } =duplo=, } =triple=, } =triplice=, } =triplicado=, } =triplo=, } triple =tres dobrado=, } =tres dobro=, }

=quadruplo=, quadruple =decuplo=, tenfold =centuplo=, a hundred fold =uma duzia=, a dozen =vintena=, a score =centenares=, hundreds =milhares=, thousands =multiplo=, many times

=63.= +=NUMERAL SUBSTANTIVES=+

=Cento=, _a hundred_, =mil=, _a thousand_, =milheiro=, _thousand_, the fractions and the proportional numbers are treated as substantives.

=64.= +=IDIOMS=+

The following are illustrations of idioms in common use in connection with the numerals.

=Que horas são=, what time is it?

=São tres e um quarto=, it is quarter past three.

=É uma hora=, it is one o’clock.

=Faltam vinte para tres= (_colloq._), it lacks twenty minutes of
three.

=A quantos estamos hoje do mez?= what day of the month is it?

=Hoje é dia quinze= _or_ =hoje é quinze=, this is the fifteenth.

=Quantas leguas são d’aqui á cidade?= how many leagues is it from
here to the city?

=São duas=, it is two.

=Que idade tem o senhor?= how old are you? (_literally_, what age has
the gentleman?)

=Tenho vinte e tantos annos=, I am twenty odd years old.

=Oito dias=, a week (_literally_, eight days).

=Quinze dias=, a fortnight (_literally_, fifteen days).

=Ha vinte annos=, twenty years ago, _also_ these twenty years.

=Ha cousa de vinte annos=, some (about) twenty years ago.

=Ha duas horas=, two hours ago, _and_ these two hours.

=D’aqui a quinze dias=, a fortnight hence.

The days of the week are numbered from Monday to Friday as follows:

=Domingo= Sunday =Segunda-feira= Monday =Terça-feira= Tuesday =Quarta-feira= Wednesday =Quinta-feira= Thursday =Sexta-feira= Friday =Sabbado= Saturday

FOOTNOTES:

[30] The word =conto= which formerly meant _a million_ in counting is only used with =reis=: =um conto de reis=, _a thousand milreis_.

[31] The =s= in =simo= from =vigesimo= onward is pronounced like =s=, not like =z=.