Chapter XXX: Appendix: II

VOCABULARIES OF KI-ČAGA, KI-GWENO, AND KI-TAVEITA.

For explanation of Orthography, see the preceding remarks on pp. 476, 477.

The number affixed to a substantive indicates the prefix class to which it belongs, and shows how its plural may be formed. Unusual or irregular plurals are given.

NOUNS. ────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────┬───────────────── English. │ Ki-čaga. │ Ki-gweno, &c. │ Ki-taveita. ────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────────── Air │Mbého, 9; Otanu, │(Ki-kambambewo, 9)│ │11 │ │ Animal │Nyama │Nyama, 9 │Nyama, 9. Ant │Mbome, 9; Safu, 9│ │Safu, 9; Maciči, │ │ │6. Anus │Dako, 9; Kisi, 7 │ │Itako, 5. Ape (baboon) │Ifubi, 5 │ │Iregēń, 5. Arm │Mkoṅo, 3; Kuoko, │Kuwoko, 15 │Mukono, 3. │15 │ │ Arrow │Mfi, 3 │ │Mwasa, 3. Aunt │Msaǰa, 1 │ │Mudnēdu, 1. Axe │Soka, 5 │ │Isoka, 5. Back │Muhoṅgo, 3 │ │Mwoṅgo, 3. Banana (fruit) │Ikundu, 5 │Niru’u, 5 │Idiō, 5. „ (tree) │ │(Ki-teke, River │Nginda, 9. │ │Congo; nku, 9) │ Baobab │ │ │Mku, 3. Basket │Mwera, 3 │ │Kitaṅgo, 7. Bat │Ikoro, 5 │ │Ngoṅgolo, 9. Beads │ │ │Mukazi, 3. Beard │Ṅgerero, 9 │(Ki-kamba; │Kōlo, 9? │ │Kiṅgelwa, 7) │ Bed │Nčoiṅ, 9 │(Masai, Ol-ǰoni) │Niwai, 9. Bee │Nǰuki, 9 │Nzuki, 9 │Nyoki, 9. Bell │Kimaṅga, 7 │ │Manga? Kisumanze, │ │ │7. Bellows │Mfo, 3 │ │Nkumfura, 9. Belly │Ndeu, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Ivu, 5)│Kinena, 7. Bird │Ndehe, 9 │Ndege, 9 │Ndege, 9. Blood │Msamu, 3 │ │Sakame, 9. Body │Nyimbi, mbi, 9 │Mbi, 9 │Mwuri, 3. Bone │Nifuo, 5 │(Ki-kamba, Iwindi,│Niwindi, 5. │ │5) │ Book │Nčole, 9 │ │ Bottom │Wanda, 16 │ │Nisi, 9. Bow │Wuda, 14 │Wura, 14 │Wuta, 14. Boy │Mana, 1 │ │Mwana, Kume, 1. Brains │Orongo, Nyorongo,│(Ki-kamba, Yongo, │Wongo, 14. │11 │11) │ Brass │Moro, 3 │ │ Breast (female) │Ma-wehe, 6, pl. │ │ „ (male) │Mbafu, 9 │ │Mbafui, 9. Brother │Mana-wama, 1 (son│ │Mdu. │of mother) │ │ │Ndeho 9 │ │ │(obsolete) │ │ Buffalo │Mbogo, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Mboo, │Mboγo, 9. │ │9) │ Butter │Mafuda, 6 │ │Mafuta, 6. Butterfly │Mfugo, 3 │ │Mbambarito, 9. Buttocks │Madako, 6 │Mbweča, 9 │ Cat │Nkite, 7 │ │Munyawi, 1. Chair │Kitembo, 7 │(Ki-kamba, │Kičumbi, 7. │ │Kitumbi, 7) │ Cheek │Ṅgundu, 9; pl. 6 │ │Itumbo, 5. Chief │Maṅge, 1 │(Ki-taita, Mgosi, │Mfumu, 1. │ │1) │ │ │(Zulu, Iṅkosi, 1) │Mgosi, 1. Child │Mtutu, 1 │Mwana, 1 │Mwana mdongo, 1. Chin │Ngeru, 9; pl. 6 │ │Kireǰu, 7. Circumcision │Nyifuto, 5 │ │Kutawanwa, 15. Civet-cat │Nyaha, 5 │(Ki-swahili, │ │ │Ṅgawa, 9) │ Cloth │Ṅguwo, 9 │Nsori, 9 │Ṅguo, 6. Cloud │Mtuna, 3 │ │Izua, 5. Cock │Oluṅôni, 11 │ │Ṅguruwi, 9. Cold │Mbeho, 9 │ │Mbeho, 9. Copper │Kera, 9 │ │ Corpse │Afa (he dies), 1 │ │Afwa (he is │ │ │dead). Country │Wanda, 16 │ │Ntere, 9. │ │(Ki-taita, Ṅgoma, │ Cow │Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 │9; Zulu, Inkomo, │Ṅombe, 9. │ │9) │ Crab │Inje, 5 │ │Kidaṅgoe, 7. Crocodile │Kinyaṅ, 7 │(_Masai_, │Kinyaṅ, 7. │ │Ôl-ginyaṅ) │ Crow │Iguru, 5 │(Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, │Ikuru, 5. │ │9) │ Day │Nyimo, 5; pl. │Mfiri, 3 │Zwale-muka? │Mumo. 6 │ │ Dawn │Ṅgameni, 9 │ │Heabu, 16. │ │ │Čičafoiči Death │Akomeka, 1 │ │(relative, the │ │ │thing which is │ │ │dead?) Devil │Asuko, 1 │ │Luhuṅgu, 11; pl. │ │ │10. │ │Kite, 7; │Kibaru (also Dog │Mbara, 9 │(Ki-kamba, Ṅgite, │Jackal). │ │7) │ Donkey │Ndsoi, 9 │(Lu-ganda, Ndogoi)│Nǰoe, 9. Door │Mwoṅgo, 3 │ │Nimbenge, 5. Dream │Nyalodia, 5 │ │Waota (? They │ │ │dream). Drum │ │Mtiṅgo, 3 │Ṅgoma, 9. Dwarf │Agu’ana, 1 │ │Mfuhi, 1. Eagle │Imaruea, 5 │ │ Ear │Kudu, 15 │ │Isikio, 5. Egg │Liboro, 5 │ │Igi, 5. Elbow │Okokuo, 11 │(Lu-ganda, │Ikokora, 5. │ │Lukokola, 11) │ Elephant │Ndofu, 9; pl. 6 │ │Nzobu, 9. Eunuch │Mavumi, 1 │ │Acigo-makedi. Evil │Kibicu, 7 │ │Kiwiwi, 7. Excrement │Marifi, 6 │ │Mavi, 6. Eye │Riso, 5 │Riso, 5 │Jiso, 5. „ lid │Mbawa, 9 │ │ „ brow │Nyinyili, 5 │ │ Face │Kiamu, 7 │ │Nibušo, 5. Fat │Mafuda, 6 │ │Mafuta, 5. Father │Baba, 1 │ │Mpapa, 1. Fear │Owu, 11 │ │Nifoli, 5. Feather │Mberi, 9 │ │ │ │Munyu, 3 │ Finger │Kimunu, 7 │(Ki-kamba, Čaa, │Ibiča, 5. │ │Ki-nyika, Čala) │ Fire │Môdo, 3 │ │Môto, 3. Fish │Ikuṅga, 5 │(Ki-kamba, Kuyu, │Ṅguluma, 9. │ │7) │ Flower │Kivaro, 7 │ │Kiwaro, 7. Food │Nyirafuna, 5 │ │Nikijo, 5. Fool │Kitondo, 7; │ │Ewukwa, 1; 3rd. │Mtondo, 1 │ │pers. verb. Foot │Nyawayo, 9; │ │Niwatu, 9. │Nutufü, 11 │ │ Foreskin │Ibutu, 5 │ │Ṅgigwala, 9. Forest │Msudu, 3 │ │Ṅkititu, 7. Fowl │Ṅguku, 9 │Ṅguku, 9 │Ṅguku, 9. │Nzudu, 9. (This │ │ │is the name given│ │ │to a wild dog │ │ Fox │which barks │ │ │loudly; probably │ │ │_Canis │ │ │simensis_.) │ │ Friend │Mbuia, 9 and 1 │ │Mbuia, 9 and 1. Frog │Ṅgeli, 9 │ │Ndunda, 9. Fruit │Mfuranˇe, 3 │ │ │Sarulía. (This is│ │ │the name often │ │ Gazelle │given to │ │ │_Neotragus │ │ │Kirkii_.) │ │ Ghost │Ṅgilio, 9; pl. 6 │ │ Giraffe │Nyôli, 9 │ │Ndea, 9. Girl │Mgogo, 1 │ │Munumuče, 1. Glass │Kimele, 7 │ │ Goat │Mburi, 9 │Mburi, 9 │Mbuǰi, 9. God │Eruwa, 5 (_vide_ │Ruwa, 5 │Nizuwa, 5. │Sun) │ │ Grass │Mara, 6 │ │Mani, 6. Grave │Karika, 13 │ │ Ground │Wanda, 16 │ │Ntere, 9. Guinea-fowl │Iraṅa, 5 │ │Ṅgelélé, 9. Gum (of teeth) │Išino, 5 │ │ Gun │Walebolo, 14; │ │ │Ṅgebolebolo, 9 │ │Ṅkipolopolo, 7. „ powder │Baruti │(_Swahili-Arabic_,│Baruti. │ │Baruti) │ Hair │Ndzui, Nǰi, 9 │Nzui, 9 │Nyui, 9. Half │Ukeṅga, 14 │ │Kihindi, 7. Hand │Mkono, 3; pl. │Kuwoko, 15 │Niganza, 5. │Mawoko, 6, irreg.│ │ Hawk │Nyokoro, 11 │(Ki-kamba, Kilui, │Kilwi, 7. │ │7) │ Head │Mudo, 3 │Murue, 3 │Mutwe, 3. Heart │Ṅgōō, 9 │(Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, │Ṅgoro, 9. │ │9) │ Heaven │Mabuži, 6 │ │Ndēē, 9. Heel │Utufo, 14; │ │Ntutunyi, 9. │Nyutufo, 11 │ │ Hill │Ibiči, 5 │ │Ṅduwi, 9. Hippopotamus │Ṅgerre, 9 │Ṅgerere, 9 │Ṅgerere, 9. Hoe │Ikumbi, 5 │(Lu-gauda, Ṅkumbi,│Ṅkwima, 9. │ │9) │ Honey │Wuki, 14 │ │Nzoki, 9. Horn │Membe, 9? │ │Luhembe, 11; pl. │ │ │Mbembe. House │Numba, 9 │Nyumba, 9 │Nyumba, 9. Hunger │Nǰāā, 9 │ │Nzāā, 9. Hyena │Ifulu, 5 │(Kongo, Mbulu, 9) │Nibao, 5. Hyrax │Kimburu, 7 │ │ Ichneumon │Muha, 1 │ │ Insect │Idudu, 5 │ │Mukarakara, 1. Iron │Maringa, 6 │ │Menya, 9? Island │Nrua, 9 │(Ki-taita, Kinwa, │Ndiwa, 9. │ │7) │ Ivory │Mahēho, 6 │ │Idyegu la Nzobu, │ │ │5. Knee │Nyindru, nyindi, │(Ki-nyika, Vuindi,│Ikunguru, 5. │9 │9) │ Knife │Kiošo, 7 │ │Kahandi, 13. Language │Matetu, 6 │ │Nakuwara? (I am │ │ │speaking). Leg │Mbuṅga, 9 │Kurende, 15 │Nikūū, 5. Leopard │Iruṅ, Irumu, 5 │Mlula, 1 │Lukeri, 11. Lion │Simba, 9 │Simba, 9 │Simba, 9. Lip │Momo, 3? │ │Momō, 9. Lizard │ │ │Sigabo, 9 or 5. (Chameleon) │ │ │ „ │ │ │Lugwe, 11. │Aluo, 1 │ │ Magic │(wizard?); Usawi,│Usawi, 14 │Wuγaṅga, 14. │14 │ │ Maize │Mahemba, 6 │ │Mahemba, 6. Man (homo) │Mundu, 1 │Mdu, 1; pl. Wandu.│Mundu. (vir) │Msoro, 1 │ │ Market │Mboma, 9 │ │Kičinda, 7. Meat │Nyama, 9 │ │Nyama, 9. Milk │Mačuručuru, 6; │Mariwa, 6 │Mawee, mawere, 6. │malela, 6 │ │ Monkey │Kinaṅgoyo, 7 │Ṅgima, 9 │Ṅgima, 9. (_Colobus │Ndoh’o, 9; pi. │ │Ṅgo, 9. guereza_) │mandoh’o, 6 │ │ Moon │Mwere, 3 │ │Mwzi, 3. Morning and │Ṅgameni, 9 │ │Heabu, 16. morrow │ │ │ Mother │Wama, 1; pl. same│ │Iya, 9; pl. │ │ │Niwaya, 10. Mountain │Msari, 3 │ │Ndui, 9. Mouth │Lumbu, 5; pl. │ │Momo, 9. │malumbu, 6 │ │ Nail (finger and│Nučaa, 11; pl. │ │Lukombwe, 11; pl. toe) │nǰaa, 10 │ │ṅgombwe, 10. Name │Rina, 5 │ │Nizina, 5. Navel │Ṅkimbumbuču, 7 │ │Mkudu, 9. Neck │Nzingo, 9 │ │Nisingo, 9; │ │ │nigoši, 9. Needle │Sindano, 9 │ │Luγumba, 11. Night │Kwaela, 15; mema,│(Ki-taita, Kiru, │Hekiu, 16; Wiu, │9; kiu, 9 │9) │14. Nose │Mbua, 9 │Mbua, 9 │Nifuo, 9. Old person │Mēgu, 9 │ │Muγosi, 1. Ostrich │Nyah’a, 9 │ │Nyaγa, 9. Ox │Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 │Ṅumbi, 9 │Ṅombe, 9. Peace │Mbuïa-tzimo, 1 │ │ │(one friend) │ │ Penis │Mbolu, 9; Mkia, 3│Mčunu │Nǰabo, 9 (_vide_ │ │ │Masai). Pig │Ṅguwe, 9 │ │Ṅgūwe, 9. Pigeon │Mbeta, 9 │ │Nibeta, 5. Pipe │Išaṅgo, 5 │ │Lumoti, 11. Place │Wanda, wandra, │Handu, 16 │Handu, 16. │wandu, 16 │ │ Porcupine │Nyisasa, 5 │(Ki-taita, Isasa, │Nzege, 9. │ │5) │ Potatoes │Ṅgumba, 9 │ │Ṅgumba, 9. (sweet) │ │ │ Prostitute │Msura, 1 │(Ki-swahili, Sura │ │ │= concubine) │ Quietness │Mbuho, 9 │ │ Rain │Mvuo, 9 │ │Mvua, 9. Rat │Ṅgyah’a, 9 │ │Ṅgoswe, 9. Rhinoceros │Mbura, 9 │(Lu-ganda, Ṅkula, │Mburia, 9. │ │9) │ River │Mfoṅgo, 3 │(Zulu, Mfula 3) │Mfuro, 3. Road │Nǰila, 9 │ │Nzia, 9. Roof │Mčalo, 3; Ndiṅgo,│ │ │9 │ │ Saliva │Mada, 6 │ │Mate, 6. Sand │Nteri, 9 │ │ Semen │Uro, 14 │ │ Shadow │Nteru, 9 │(Ki-nyika, Kivuli)│Kiwuri, 7. Sheep │Coōndi, 7; pl. │Mondo, 9 │Ṅonǰe, 9. │Šiondi. │ │ Shield │Ṅgawo │ │Ṅgao, 9. Sickness │Awabiu, 1 │ │ Sister │Mšigiogo, 1 │ │ Skin │Ncoiń, 9 (_vide_ │ │Kikonde, 7. │Masai) │ │ Sky │Erua, 5 │ │Waṅga-izeri, 14. Slave │Nyišinga, 5 │ │ │(_vide_ Masai) │ │ Sleep │Alā, 1 │ │Kušinzia, 15. Small-pox │Mašigi, 6 │ │Nišiko, 5. Smith │Ṅgaṅga, 9 │ │Mšana, 1. Smoke │Muzu, 3 │Mtzi, 3 │Moši, 3. Snake │Nǰoka, 9 │ │Nyoka, 9. Snuff │Mbatu │ │Tumbatu-ninwe. Son │Kimana, 7 (13?); │ │Mwana, 1. │Mpaka, 9 │ │ Song │Aimba, 1 (he │ │ │sings) │ │ Soul │ │ │Ṅgôro, 9. Spear │Mbere, 9 (_vide_ │Nifumo, 5 │Ničumo, 5. │Masai) │ │ Speech │Kafo, 13 │ │ Spider │Mbuhu, 9 │ │Mburazizi, 9. Spirit │Usawi, ? 14 │ │Ṅgoma, 9. │ │(Ki-nyika, │ Star │Nyenyeri, 9 │Nyenyesi, 9); │Ndondo, 9. │ │Ki-taita, Ndonde, │ │ │9 │ Stick │Kiri, 7 │ │Nisibo, 5. Stomach │Maula, 6 │ │Matumbo, 6. Stone │Nyiho, 5 │ │Nibabwe, 5. Sugar-cane │Nyihuwa, 5 │(Ki-taita, Mugera,│Nimugua, 5. │ │3) │ Sun │Erūa, 5 │Ruwa, 5 │Nizua, 5. Sweat │Nǰuki, 9 │ │Masuṅgu, 6. Sweet potato │Kiašanda, 7 │ │ Sword │Ošu, 11 │ │Muhandi, 3. Syphilis │Mbuwa, 9 │ │ Tail │Mwasi, pl. Ṅgasi,│ │Kitizi, 7. │9 and 10 │ │ Tale │Irigia, 5 │ │Luγano, 11. Tear │Afuha (verb); │ │Masoǰi, 6. │Mčeṅgeri, 3 │ │ Testicles │Mbolu-tašimba, 9 │ │Mbumba, 9; │ │ │makedi, 6. Thief │Aiwa, 1; Ilaṅgo, │ │Mdu wa hiwa, 1. │5 │ │ Thigh │Nikisowu, 5 │ │Nikiγa, 9. Thing │Kindu, 7 │Kindu, 7 │Kindu, 7. Thorn │Muša, 3 │ │Nimuowa, 9. Thread │Nyuruso, 11 │ │Luzigi, 11. Throat │Nyoro, 9 │(Ki-taita, Iraṅgi,│Muraṅgi, 3. │ │5) │ Thumb │Munu-mnene, 3; │ │Kiča, 7. │Nohi, 11 │ │ Thunder │Ṅgururuma, 9 │ │Mvua-ruruma, 9. Tobacco │Mbatu, 9 │ │Tumbatu, 9. To-day │Lalu, 9 │ │Nio, 9. Toe │Ṅkimnyo, 7 │ │Kiča, 7. To-morrow │Ṅgama, 9 │ │Niawo, 9. Tongue │Noilimi, 11 │Nuilimi, 11; pl. │Nilumi, 5. │ │Malutimi, 6 │ Tooth │Nihēho, 5 │Niyē’o, 5 │Niǰēgo, 5. Town │Kānie, 13?; Muri,│ │Mwaṅga, 3. │3 │ │ Tree │Muri, 3 │Muri, 3 │Muti, 3. Trench │Mfo, 3 │ │Nitego, 5. Tribe │ │(Ki-taita, Mbari, │Mbare. │ │9) │ Trumpet │Nyombe, 9 │ │Ndurere, 9. │Sorindi, 9; │ │ Truth │Ṅga-leh’a (verb, │ │Kakudidi, 13. │1st pers.) │ │ Twin │Mbasa, 9 │(Ki-nyika, Patsa, │Maza. │ │9) │ Ulcer │Nyodi, 5 │ │Kionda, 7. │ │ │Mdu-aweya, 1 │ │ │(Mother’s Uncle │Migi, 1 │ │brother). │ │ │Mdu-awapa, 1 │ │ │(Father’s │ │ │brother). Urine │Maǰi, 6 │ │Makozo, 6 Vagina │Mbula, 9; Kinu, 9│Nirako, 5 │Kiši, 7 Valley │Mbǰini, 9 │ │Kongo, 9 │Muka, 1. (This is│ │ │the translation │ │ │given by the │ │ │natives, although│ │ Virgin │in both cases it │ │Mbora, 1 │merely means │ │ │woman. They have │ │ │no precise term │ │ │for virginity.) │ │ Voice │Afua (verb) │ │Nigonda, 5. Vulture │Mtoń, 1 │(Ki-kamba, Ndei, │Ndei, 9. │ │9) │ War │Ṅgondu, 9 │(Ki-nyiki, Ṅgondu,│Ṅgondo, 9. │ │9) │ Water │Mariṅga, 6 │(Kongo, Nlaṅgu, 9,│Mlaṅai, 3; │ │4) │Mbombe, 9. Week │Ṅgikumi, 7 (ten │ │Misi Mfuṅgate, 4 │days) │ │(seven days). Widow │ │ │Ṅgaviani. Wife │Mwanawaka, 1 │ │Mče, 1. │Mbora, 1 │ │ Wind │Ndimu, 9; Mbeko, │ │Ṅguṅgu, 9. │9 │ │ Wing │Nikuṅgu, 5 │ │Ṅizaγu, 5. Witch │Aloa, 1 │ │Msawi, 1. Witchcraft │Usawi, 14 │Usawi, 14 │Usawi, 14. Wizard │Aloa, 1 │ │Msawi, 1. Woman │Mbora, 1 │Mka, 1 │Mče, 1. Id.: remaining│ │ │ unmarried—old │Muhumba, 1 │ │Ndasa, 9. maid │ │ │ Wood │ │ │Lukuni, 11. Word │Iteta, 5 │ │Nakuwara (I │ │ │speak). Year │Mwaka, 3 │ │Nisika, 5. Yesterday │Alā-kiu (he │ │Niwu, 9. │sleeps at night) │ │ Zebra │Nitiko, 5 (_vide_│Nitiko, 5 │Lutiko, 11 │Masai) │ │(_vide_ Masai).

NUMERALS.

1 │Kimo, -mo[87] │Umuē, -ume │Moši, -muezo.
2 │Šivi. -bi, -vi, │Wawi, -wi │Mere, -ere.
│-wi │ │
3 │-raro │Raro, -raro │Ndatu, -tatu.
4 │-nna │Ne, -ne │-inne.
5 │-tano │Tano, -tano │-sano.
6 │-ndaru │Randaro │-tandatu.
7 │Fuṅgare │Fuṅgate │Mfuṅgate.
8 │Nyanya │-nana │-nane.
9 │Nikenda │Kenda │Kenda.
10 │Kumi │Nikumi │Kumi.
11 │Kumi na kimo │Nikumi na umuē │Kumi na kimuezo.
12, &c. │„ na šivi, &c. │„ „ wawi │Kumi na viwi, &c.
20 │Makumi gawi │Ṅakumi awi │Makumi mere.
21, &c. │„ na kimo, &c.│„ na umuē, &c. │„ na kimuezo,
│ │ │&c.
30 │Makumi gararo │Makumi araro │Makumi matutu.
40 │„ ganna │„ ana │Maku’manne.
50 │„ gatano │„ atano │Makumi asano.
60 │„ garandaru │„ arandaro │„ atandatu.
70 │„ mfuṅgare │„ mfuṅgare │„ fuṅgate.
80 │„ nyanya │„ anana │„ anane.
90 │„ kenda │„ kenda │„ kenda.
100 │Ṅgama │Niγana │Niγana.
1000 │Lule │Kangi kumi │Iraγana kumi.
½ │Ukeṅga, 14 │ │Kihindi, 7.
¼ │Nututo, 11; │ │Vihindi, 8.
│Kenga, 10 │ │

ADJECTIVES.

│-ose (wose, yose,│ │-ose (wose, yose, All │tzose, gose, &c.,│-oše │ǰose &c., │according to │ │according to │concord) │ │concord). Bad │-bi, -biču │ │-wiwi. Beautiful │-ča (_vide_ Good)│ │-wedi (_vide_ │ │ │Good). Bitter │Ṅgawawa │ │-wawa. Black │-rusa │(Ki-nyika, nyiru) │-ǰiru. Blind │Meso gafa (_lit._│ │Emaǰi-kimeso. │eyes dead) │ │ Blue │-rusa, -rusu │ │-ṅgoniṅgoni. Bold │Auko-marima │ │Tena-foli (he has │ │ │no fear). Broad │Ṅgirinǰi │ │-arame. Castrated │Ifutu? │ │Tena-makede. Cheap │Nga-m-lemba (I │ │ │cheat him) │ │ Clean │Yačia │ │-azera. Clever, cunning │Nyaṅana │ │-čēē. Dead │-fa │ │-fwa. Deaf │Maru-afa (ears │ │ │dead) │ │ Dear │Yabičuo │ │ Drunken │Anaṅgo │ │Eṅge; Aeṅgeya. Dry │Nyosa │(Ki-taita, Oma) │Haoma (refers to │ │ │class 16). Dumb │Nyaši │ │-guguma. Every │Ilibana (verbal │ │Killa. │form) │ │ Fat │Nyaṅana muno │ │-ebandi. Female │-ka │ │-če. Few │-tutu │ │-doṅgu. Fierce │-senge │ │-ekahe. Filthy │-hōyo │ │-enaikwe. Fine (narrow, │-suse │ │-zeri. delicate) │ │ │ Foreign │-wanǰa │ │-geni. Free │ │ │-huǰi. Fresh (raw) │-hiēvo │ │-bise. Gentle │-ṅgula │ │ Good │-ča │ │-wedi. Great │-ṅaneǰi; aṅana │ │-baha. Green │Maranǰa │ │-bisi. Handsome │-ačia │ │-wedi. Happy │-huri │ │Aṅara. Hard │-mumu-mumu │ │-šini; -dindie. Having, │-enye │ │-enye. possessing │ │ │ Healthy │Megu? │ │-dindie. Heavy │-gunǰa │ │-eme. High │-sali │ │-eza. Hot │Mfoiha │ │-nwe; Moto. Idle │-kiwa │ │-doko. Jealous │Nya-eṅa │ │ Left (hand) │Kumoso │ │Kumoso. Little │-boma │ │-doṅgo. Long │-leše │ │-weza. Mad │-suko; nya-suko │ │-ewukwa. Male │-soro; Mbuṅga │ │-ume. Many │-iṅgi │ │-iṅgi. Mean │-ehē │ │-edindie. Naked │Ntondo │ │-ehotuho. │(simplicity) │ │ Narrow │-sari │ │-sisiri. New │Nzaru │ │-ša. Old │-kū │ │-asakāā. Open │-ruwo │ │ Other │Nyumu │ │-ṅgi. Plenty │Ntamu │ │ Poor │-roko │ │-kiwa. Quick │-ṅgula │ │ Quiet │-rarere; │ │-hoye. │Tzirarere │ │ Raw │-bisi │ │-bisi. │Ṅare-ṅare; │ │ Red │nya-rera │ │ │(copper-coloured)│ │ Rich │Nǰamu │ │-fumwa (to be │ │ │chief). Right (hand) │Kulyo │ │Kume (_lit._, │ │ │“male”). Ripe │Nyenyele; -lali │ │-wibwa. Rotten │-biču │ │ Same │-hiana │ │-fwanane. Short │-šimba │ │-fuhi. Sick │-goro │ │-ewaǰua. Sour │-wawa │ │-čikie. Strong │-laṅa │ │-ečēē. Sweet │-čora │ │-enona. Thick │-šimba │ │-ebandie; Wuruti. Thin │-suse │ │-sisiri. Weak │-ṅgula │ │ Weary │-čoka │ │-remwa. White │-bô[88]; Pia │ │-dyewa. Young │-gogo. │ │-doṅgo.

PRONOUNS.

I │Nyinyi; nǰi-, ṅg-│(Ki-gweno, Nyi-, │Mi, n-. │ │Ninyi) │ Thou │Šiowo; wu-, u- │Wu- │Uwe, u-, wu-. He, she, &c. │Yiowu; a- │ │Iye, e-. We │Lukeria; lu- │ │Uswi, tu-. You │? Mu- │ │Unwi, mu-. They │Awa; wa- │ │Wawo, wa-. Me │-n-, -ni- │ │-ni-. Thee │-ku- │ │-ku-, -kw-. Him │-m-, -mu- │ │-m-, -mu-. Us │-lu- │ │-tu-. You │-mu- │ │-m-, -mu-. Them │-wa- │ │-wa-. Mine │-ako │ │-aṅgu. Thine │-fu │ │-ako. His │-akwe; -nola? │ │-akwe. Our │-aru, -ru │ │-etu. Your │-nyi │ │-enyu. Their │-wo │ │-awo.

(For DEMONSTRATIVES, &c., _see_ Tables of Concords.)

Who? │Ṅkiča │ │Niani? Whom │-iki-? │ │-ani-? What? │Kiki? │ │Kini? Whose? │-ile? │ │-kweni?

(For which, &c., _vide_ Tables of Concords.)

VERBS.[89]

Able (be) │-weza │ │-idima (_vide_ │ │ │Masai). Adorn │-čia │ │-areha. Adultery │-rumka │ │-šinda. (commit) │ │ │ Agree │-gundana │ │-kundana. Angry (be) │-waloana │ │-regidya. Answer │-gambia ṅgile. │ │ Arrive │-wara │ │-fika. Ask │-gunda │ │-budyanye. Awake │-gura, -ra │(Ki-kamba, -amuka)│-wuka. Bake (pottery) │-gora │ │-wumba. Bark │ │ │-aboha. Bathe │-samba │ │-oγa. Be │-ba │ │-wa. Beat │-kapa │ │-biga. Begin │-čiu │ │-hira. Believe │ │ │-enǰa. Bewitch │-loga, -loa │(Ki-taita, │-oga. │ │Ku-loga) │ Bite │-nyaši, -mari │ │-nyuma. Blow │-nyaϑa │ │-nifuta. Boil │-ndua │ │-nǰmoa. Born (be) │-aša │ │ Break │-funǰa │ │-bā. Breathe │-elo │ │-hema. Breed │-ganumba │ │-moγa. Bring │-wikia │(Ki-swahili, │-ete. │ │-lete) │ Build │-šiṅga │ │-ǰenga. Burn │-numbaha │ │-aša. Burst │-anduka │ │ Bury │-ruo │ │ Buy │-ndeūla, -ka │ │-zora. Call │-alaγa │ │-itaṅge. Can │-weza │ │-idima (_vide_ │ │ │Masai). Carry │-rika │ │-tikie. Carve │-pačaneča │ │-soṅgoa. (sculpture) │ │ │ Castrate │-arino │ │-čua. │ │(Ki-swahili, │ Catch │-kamara │-kamata; Ki-nyika,│-gura. │ │-kuira) │ Change │-busuo │ │ Chase │-lasa │ │-matuka, -asa. Cheat │-lemba │ │-kenga. Choose │-rua │(Ki-kamba, -nuva; │-sawura. │ │Ki-taita, -sagula)│ Circumcise │-arino? │ │-tawanwa (pass.). Clean │-pačaneča │ │-oǰa. Climb │-aro │ │-kwea. Come │-ǰa │ │-za (nzo, imp.). Cook │-kora │ │-ruγa. │-lamba; -paro │ │ Copulate │(for the first │ │-tomba. │time) │ │ Cough │-karuo │ │-mbaǰa. Cover │-fiṅgia; -funuo │ │-ǰiwa. Crack │-abarika │ │-baǰika. Cross │-fumaho │ │-kela. Cry │-alaha; afūa │ │-iyia. Curse │-ruma │ │ Cut │-wehaho │ │-tema. Dance │-šina │(Kongo, -kina) │-toroka. Destroy │-tiča │ │-kašina. Die │-fa; -komeka │ │-fwa. │(vanish) │ │ Dig │-selūo; -rema │(Swahili, -lima) │-fora. │(hoe) │ │ Do │-wuta │ │-areha. Dream │-loria │ │-ota. Drink │-nyuwa │ │-nwa. Dye │-sanǰa │ │ Eat │-la, -lya │ │-la. Enter │-henda (to go?) │ │-iṅgia. Erect │-lyika, -kura │ │-somia, -dondoša │(obscene) │ │(obscene). Fall │-aho │ │-gwa. Fatten │-ṅana │ │-banda. Fear │-awo │ │-sikia foli. Feel │-wareware (touch)│ │-guragura. Fight │-wahana │ │-bigana. Finish │-iča │ │-hira. Fly │-runduka │ │-buruka. Follow │ │ │-ratera. Forbid │-suo, -aleha │ │-asua. Forget │-aharima │ │-iwa. Get │-wara │ │-wona. Give │-neka, -pa │(Zulu, -nika; │-iṅga. │ │Ki-kamba, -nenga);│ Go │-henda, -tonga │(Ki-gweno, γenda) │-tonga. Grow │-aro (climb?) │ │-mbaha. Hang (a thing) │-anonoka │ │ „ a man │-seṅgelela │ │ Hate │-suo? │ │ Have │-kere na (“sit │ │ │with” = possess) │ │ Heal │-ačia │ │-hoa. Hear │-ranya │ │-sikia. Help │ │ │-loša. Hide │-rika │ │-visa. Hit │-kapa │ │-biga. Hoe │-rema │ │-ima. Hold │-anduho │ │-nagura. Hunt │-alasa; -henda │ │-rā́tere. │alasa │ │ Ill (be) │-luo │ │-waǰua. Jump │-runduka (fly) │ │-toroka. Keep │-suruma │ │-gure. Kill │-waha │ │-koma Know │-manya │(Lu-ganda, -manyi;│-tisiwa. │ │Ki-swahili, -jua) │ Laugh │-seka │ │-seka. Leave │ │ │-šiγa. Lick │-gombaho │ │-sona. Lift │-raho │ │-meγwa. Like │-kunda, -wesa │ │-kundie. Look │-mbuya │ │-iyuwa. Lose │-reta │ │-teka. Love │-kunda │ │-kundineso. Make │-oka │ │-areh’a. Marry │-riča │ │-owa. Meet │-gumhanana │ │-torana. Menstruate │-čora │ │-mčarua. Milk │-kama │ │-kama. Mix │-sanǰa │ │-ruṅganya. Obey │-bahe │ │ Open │-fuṅguo │ │-nd’ugüa. Pass │-raïa │ │-wetia. Plant │-awaïa │ │-handa. Pregnant (be) │-wurô │ │-me. Prick │-roǰa │ │-tuṅga. Pull │-ruarua │ │-uta, -nd’yuta. Push │-tindiga │ │-šindik’a. Put │-wekaho │ │-wikia. Putrefy │-wira; -nyara │ │-woa. Quarrel │-loëa │ │-regid’a. Rain │-kaba │ │-biγa. Return │-ča │ │-nduki. Run │-riǰa │ │-matuka. Say │-hamba, gamba │ │-tete. See │-wona │ │-wona. Seek │-nyinyina │ │-enda. Seize │-ruo │ │-gura. Sell │-leria │ │-ntaγa. Send │-kuneka; -neka │ │-tuma. Sew │-fuma │ │-čuma. Shake │-sikasika │ │-hira. Shave │-ora │ │-enǰa. Shoot │-ruita │ │-asa. Show │-ambuïa │ │-onia. Shut │-fuṅga │ │-fiṅga. Sing │-uimba │ │-wina. Sit │-ramia │ │-ikaa. Skin │-tana │ │-sinza. Sleep │-lala │ │-nšinžia. Smell (active) │-rumšia │ │-nuša. „ (neuter) │-nuka │ │-nyuka. Smile │-šinika │ │-kišiniko. Smoke │-ifia │ │ Sow seeds │-wirawira │ │-handa. Steal │-iwa │ │-iwa. Swallow │-mera │ │-meia. Swear │-alanyamu │ │-sua? Take │-ruo │ │-anha. Talk │-wesa │ │-teta. Taste │-nunsa │ │ Tear │-randu │ │-badika Tell │-wesa │ │-ura. Think │-larere │ │-regid’i? Thirst │-ṅga │ │ Throw │-kumba │ │-taga. Tie │-fuṅga │ │-nčuṅga. Tire │-lemo │ │-remwa. Touch │-angasaho; │ │-činda. │-wareware │ │ Tremble │-arerema │ │-dedema. Understand │-rikia │ │-sikia. Urinate │-hama │ │-kosoa. Vanish │-komeka │(Ki-nyika, komeka,│ │ │to vanish, die.) │ Vomit │-arēga │ │-detaëka. Walk │-henda mbuho │ │-tonga kusela. Want │-kunda │ │-kunda. Wash │-sanǰa │ │-odia. Wear │-raë │ │-doka. Weave │-oga │ │ Weep │-afua │ │-eïa. Whisper │-weweria │ │-weweda. Whistle │-murori │ │-biga mrosi. Wish │-kunda │ │-kunda. Write │-reh’a │ │-tama. Yawn │-lya mwaë │ │-biga miaïo.

SOME TENSES OF THE VERB IN KI-ČAGA AND KI-TAVEITA.

(_The pronominal particle attached to the verb is in italics._)

Ku-neka, _To give_. │ Ku-tonga, _To go_.
│
PRESENT. │ PRESENT.
Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅga._ } neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Ni_-hu-_ni_-toṅga,
give_. │ _I am going_.
_Nǰi_ } neka, _I give_. │
„ 2 „ _Wu_-neka, _Thou │„ 2 „ _U_-k’-_u_-toṅga, _Thou
givest_. │ art going_.
„ 3 „ _A_-neka, _He gives_. │„ 3 „ _E_-kw-_e_-toṅga, _He
│ is going_.
Plur. 1 „ _Lu_-neka, _We give_.│Plur. 1 „ _Tu_-ku-_tu_-toṅga,
│ _We are going_.
„ 2 „ _Mu_-neka, _You give_. │„ 2 „ _Mu_-ku-_mu_-toṅga,
│ _You are going_.
„ 3 „ _Wa_-neka, _They give_.│„ 3 „ _Wa_-ku-_wa_-toṅga,
│ _They are going_.
│
PAST (IMPERFECT). │(This a curious affirmative form of
│ the _present_ in common use; the
│ true simple present has become
│ the _past_.)
Sing. 1 pers. Li-ka-_nǰi_-neka, _I │ „
was giving_. │
„ 2 „ Li-ka-_wu_-neka, _Thou │ „
wast giving_. │
&c. &c. │ „
│
PAST (PERFECT). │ PAST (PERFECT).
Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅǰi_-li-neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Na_-toṅga, _I went_.
gave_. │
│„ 2 „ _Wu_-toṅga, _Thou
│ went_.
│„ 3 „ _E_-toṅga, _He went_.
&c. &c. │&c. &c.
│
FUTURE. │ FUTURE.
Sing. 1 pers. _Ṅga_-ku-neka, _I │Sing. 1 pers. _Na_-ku-toṅga, _I
shall give_. │ shall go_.
&c. &c. │&c. &c.
│
IMPERATIVE. │ IMPERATIVE.
Sing. 2 pers. Neka, _Give thou_. │Sing. 2 pers. Toṅga, _Go thou_.
Plur. 2 „ Nekani, _Give ye_. │Plur. 2 „ Tongani, _Go ye_.

I cannot ascertain the subjunctive (if there is any), nor am I able to make out some of the more complicated tenses of the verb. It seems to me that both in Ki-čaga and Ki-taveita—as in Ki-swahili and some other North-eastern Bantu tongues—the verbal forms have undergone considerable degradation and obliteration, just as happens in our own English tongue. There is no trace of that mode of forming the preterite tense by a true inflection, which may be observed in the majority of existing Bantu languages, and which was certainly present in the mother-speech.

The negative is formed (in connection with the verb) by incorporating certain particles with the pronominal prefixes. These together form the following mode of expressing negation:—

KI-ČAGA. │KI-TAVEITA.
Sing. 1 pers. _Si_-neka, _I give │Sing. 1 pers. _Si_-toṅga-mi, _I go
not_. │ not_.
„ 2 „ [90] _Hu_-neka, _Thou │„ 2 „ _Tu_-toṅga-we, _Thou
givest not_. │ goest not_.
„ 3 „ _Ha_-neka, _He gives │„ 3 „ _Te_-toṅga-e, _He goes
not_. │ not_.
Plur. 1 pers. _Halu_-neka, _We give│Plur. 1 „ _Tetu_-toṅga-´swi,
not_. │ _We go not_.
„ 2 „ _Ham’_-neka, _You give │„ 2 „ _Tem´_-toṅga-´nwi, _You
not_. │ go not_.
„ 3 „ _Hawa_-neka, _They give│„ 3 „ _Tewa_-toṅga-´wo, _They
not_. │ go not_.

(In Ki-taveita the negation is always emphasized by repeating _after_ the verb the full forms of the personal pronoun, such as: mi, ´we, ´nwi, ´swi, &c. Si-tonga-mi would literally be “I am not going, I!” in the sense of the French, “Je ne vais pas, moi!”)

A very emphatic negative adverb in Ki-čaga is Ôte, “no, certainly no,” “not at all.”

Among the adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are:—

KI-ČAGA. │ KI-TAVEITA. Na, _and_, _with_. │Na, _and_, _with_. Ku, _to_. │Ku, _to_. Wa, _on_. │Ha, _on_. Kwa, _for_, _in order_. │Kwa, _for_, _in order_. -a (wa, ya, za, la, &c., according │-a (wa, ya, kia, ǰa, la, &c., to concord), _of_. │ according to concord), _of_. Wala, _but_. │Ela, _but_. Gana, _or_. │ Kiki? _why?_ │Kini? _why?_ Neku? Ako? _where?_ │Kahe? _where?_