Chapter XXIX: Appendix: I

MASAI—COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY.

NOUNS.

(The particle following the noun is the article, masculine, feminine, or
neuter.)

─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┬───────────────── English. │ Masai. │Latuka, Bari,[85] │ │ &c. ─────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┼───────────────── Air │Giǰabe, eṅ │ Animal │ǰaṅito, ol │Lat., Ečoṅ │ │ (Game). Ant │Oisusu, ol; pl. Oisusun │ Antelope │Guruk, ol │ │Galau, eṅ; pl. Galaun │ Anus │Kurum, ol │ │Duli, ol │ Ape (baboon) │Goroi, ol; pl. Goroin │ Arm (upper) │Beraṅgas, em │ (lower) │Daṅgule, en │ Arrow │Bai, em; pl. Ba │ Ass │Sigiria, os; pl. -n │Lat., Segira, os. Axe │Dolu, en; pl. -an │Lat., Edzolu. Back │Gorioṅ, en │Lat., Orioṅ. Banana │ │ (fruit) │Marigo, ôl; pl. -n │ (tree) │Musalala, ôl; pl. -n │ Basket │Dam, en; pl. -i │ Bat │ │Lat., Neina. Beads │Sirírim, os; pl. -i │ Beard │Munyei, ôl; pl. -n │Bari, Nyeke Bed │Ruat, er; pl. -an │ │ǰoni, ôl; pl. -n. │ Bee │Ótoro, ôl │Lat., Avatoro. Bell │Piriri, ôl; pl. -n │ Bellows │Gunei, eṅ; pl. -n │ Belly │Gošóke, eṅ; pl. Oišua │ Bird │Kweni, eṅ │Bari, Kwenti. Blood │Sérige, os │ Body │Sesin, os │ Bone │Oito, ôl; pl. Oik │Bari, -yutyo. │Lat., Ogoti. │ Bottom │Gumodo, en; pl. -n │ Bow │Borowai, em │ Boy │Aion, ôl; pl. Aiok │ Brains │Isisi, eṅg │ Brass │Suyai, os │ Breast (male) │Gô, ôl; pl. Gon │ (female) │Gina, ôl; pl. Gi │ Brother │Alaše, ôl; pl. -n │Bari, -načer. (friend!) │Oito, ôl; pl. Oie │ Buffalo │Ôsowan, ôl; pl. -i │Lat., As-suwani. Butter │Orṅo, eṅ │ Buttocks │Kurumi, el │ Cattle │Kišu, eṅ │Bari, Kiču, │ │ Kičuk. Chair │Origa, ôl; pl. -n │ Cheek │Dakula, en │ Chief │Eibon, ôl,; pl. -ok │ │Kiboroni, ôl; pl. Kiborok │ Child │Gerai, eṅ; pl. Gera │ Claw │Oibôso, ôl; pl. -k │ Cloth │Naṅga, e; pl. -n │ Cloud │Būrwo, em; pl. -n │Lat., Avuru = │ │ smoke. Cock │Motonyi, ôl, ôlôle (the male fowl) │ Cold │Giǰabe, en (wind) │ Copper │Suyāi, os │Lat., Aǰel. Corpse │Meneṅgani, ôl (male); em (female) │ Country (tribal │Manyara, ôl; pl. -n │ district) │ │ (land) │Kob, eṅ; pl. -an │ Cow │Kiteṅ, eṅ; pl. Kišu │Lat., Ne-iteṅ. │ │Bari, Kiteṅ; pl. │ │ Kiču. (heifer) │Dawo, en; pl. -n. (Kiteṅ with the │Šiluk } Diaṅ. │ masc. article ôl means a bullock,│ │ a gelded ox.) │ │ „ │Šuli } Diaṅ. │ „ │Lur } Diaṅ. │ „ │Kavirondo } Diaṅ. │ │Diṅka, Wen. │ │γwen. Crocodile │Kinyaṅ, ôl │Lat., Enya. │ │Bari, Kinyoṅ. │ │Šuli, Nyaṅ. │ │Lur, Niaṅ. Day (-light) │Barkiǰi, em │Lat., Na-loṅ. │ │Bari, Koloṅ. (from sunrise │Gôloṅ, eṅ; pl. -i │Diṅka, Akol. to sunset) │ │ Death │Ôtoa, ôl │Bari, Atoan. Dog │Dia, ôl; pl. Diain │Lat., Eṅ-gōk. │ │Bari, Dioṅ. │ │Diṅka, ǰio. │ │Šuli, Gwôk. Donkey │Sigiria, os; pl. -n │Lat., Os-segira. Door │Kutuk-aǰi, eṅ; pl. -n (lit. mouth │ │of house) │ Dream (_vide │ │ verb_) │ │ Drum │Dam, ôl; pl. -i │ │Siṅgôdio, os; pl. -n │ Dwarf │Didikimo, en (fem. diminutive) │ Eagle │Kilit, ôl; pl. Kilili │ Ear │Giok, eṅ; pl. Gia │Lat., Nē-iok. │ │Diṅka, Yig. │ │Bari, Čwet. │ │Šuli, Yit. Egg │Mosor, ôl │Lat., Et-telio. │Orušia, eṅ │ │Otorui, em (ostrich egg?) │ Elbow │Dakule, en; pl. -n │Lat., Oggole. Elephant │Dome, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Tome. │ │Bari, Tome. Excrement │Gik, eṅ │ Eye │Goṅ, eṅ; pl. Goniek │Lat., Onyet. │ │Bari, Konie. │ │Šiluk, Waṅ. │ │Diṅka, Nyen. Face │Gomon, eṅ; pl. -i │Bari, Komon. Fat │Sūnia, os │ │Elata (grease, oil) │Bari, Welet. Father (genitor) │Oiu, ôl │Lat., Mon. (head of │Mēnye, ôl │Bari, Monye. household) │ │ (term of │Papa, ôl; pl. -n │Baba. address) │ │ Feather │Gobiro, ôl (large) │Bari, Kofiret. │„ eṅ (small) │ Finger │Kimoǰino, ôl; pl. Kimoǰik │ Fire │Gima, eṅ; pl. Giman │Lat., Ne-ima. │ │Bari, Kiman. │ │Diṅka, Maǰ. │ │Šuli, Maǰ. Fish │Síṅgeri, os; pl. -n │ Food │Dā, en │ Fool │Dūrwei, ôl; pl. Durwan │ Foot │Geǰu, eṅ; pl. Geǰek │ (lower part) │Oilēle, ol; pl. -k │ (sole) │Dap, en │Lat., At-tiva. Foreigner │Omoni, ôl (lit. beggar) │ Forest │Dim, en │Bari, Mudim. Fowl │Guku, eṅ │from Ṅguku, a │ │ universal │ │Bantu word. │Motonyi, ôl │(Bari, Čukoro; │ │ Lat., │ │Nogoro, logoro.) Friend │Žore, ôl; pl. -n │ │Dōruet, ôl; pl. -a │ Frog │Dua, en │Bari, Doke. Fruit │Gululwi, eṅ │Bari, Konie. Genitor │Oiu, ôl (masc.) │ │Naiu, e (fem.) (from the root -iu-)│ Giraffe │Maūti, ôl │ Girl │Dito, en; pl. Doiak │Lat., Odueti. │Siaṅgiki, es; pl. -n │ Goat │Dare, en (common plur.) │ │Kine, ôl (he-goat); pl. Kineǰi. │Lat., Ne-ini. │Kine, eṅ (female); pl. Kineǰin │ God │Gai, eṅ (fem., also rain, sky, &c.)│ Grass │Kuǰita, ôl │ Grave │Gurare, eṅ │ │Gumoto, eṅ │Lat., Ume, el. Gum of teeth │Irt, eṅ. │ Gun │Diol, en; pl. -n │ Hair (of the │Babit, ôl │ head) │ │ (body) │Bon, em │ Hand │Gaina, eṅ; pl. Gaik. │Lat., Na-gas. │ │Bari, Kanin. │ │Diṅka, Čien. │ │Šiluk, Čiṅga. Hare │Kitoǰo, ôl │Lat., Itoǰo. Head │Lugunia, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Na-gu. │ │Bari, Kwe. Heart │Dau, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Et-taǰi. │ │Bari, Tewili. Heel │Dudunio, en; pl. -n │ Hill │Eibaṅgi, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ebak. Hippopotamus │Makau, ôl; pl. -n │ Hoe │ǰerembe, en │A Bantu word. Honey │Neišo, e │Lat., Essio. Horn │Segegwa, os; pl. -n │ House │Gaji, eṅ; pl. Gaǰiǰik │Lat., N-aǰi. │ │Bari, Kadi. │ │Šuli, Āt. Hunger │Ameo, ôl │Lat., Idua. │ │Bari, Magor. Husband │Môruo, ôl; pl. Môruak │ Hyena (striped) │Otonu, ôl; pl. Otonak │ (spotted) │Nyoǰine, ôl; pl. Nyoǰinak │ Insect │Kimamani, ôl; pl. -n │ Iron │Seṅeṅge, os │ Island │Abori, ôl │Lat. N-abful. Knee │Guguṅ, eṅ; pl. Guṅ │Lat., Og-guṅi. │ │Bari, Kuṅo. Knife │Alem, ôl; pl. -an │Lat., Ademi. │ │Bari, Wale. │ │Šuli, Pala. Language (_vide_ │ │ mouth) │ │ Leg │Geǰu, eṅ; pl. Geǰek │Lat., N-eiǰu. Leopard │Uwaru, ôl; pl. Uwarak │Lat., Auvuru. │ │Bari, Gwaron │ │ (hyena). Lion │Nyatun, ôl │ Locust │Mati, ôl │ Magic │Setan, es │ Maize │Bayek, ôl │ Man │Duṅani, ol; pl. Duṅana │Lat., E-duṅgoni, │ │ a │ │craftsman. Market │Siṅgira, os; pl. -n │ Meat │Giriṅgo, eṅ. │Lat., Eriṅgo │ │Lur and Šuli, │ │ Riṅgo. │ │Bari, Kore. Milk │Kule │Lat., Nā-li. │ │Bari, Le. Monkey │Boroši, ol; pl. -n │ Moon and │Laba, ol; pl. -n │Lat., Aǰafa. month │ │Bari, Yapa. │ │Diṅka, Pei. Morning │Tadekenia (East) │ Mother (personal)│Yeyo │Lat., Eaṅ. „ │ │Bari, Yaṅo. (general) │Noto, en; pl. Noton │Bari, Nwote. (as mistress) │Nain, en │ Mountain │Doinyo, ôl; pl. Doinyak or Doinyon │Lat., Adoṅge, │ │ Donye. Mouth │Gutuk, eṅ; pl. Gutuāk │Lat., Edok. (language, │ │Bari, Kotok. door, &c.) │ │ „ │ │Diṅka, Vtok. │ │Šiluk } Dŏga. │ │Suli } Dŏga. │ │Lur } Dŏga. Nail (finger and │Oibôso, ôl; pl. Oibôsok │Lat., Aviela. toe) │ │ Name │Garna, eṅ; pl. -n │Lat., Avure. │ │Bari, Karin. │ │Diṅka, Rin. Navel │Surôrwa, os; pl. -n │ Neck │Murd, em; pl. -on │Lat., Am-morit. │ │Bari, Murut. Needle │Ditu, ôl; pl. -n │ Night │Kewarie (darkness) │Bari, Kwaje. „ fall │Dara, en │Lat., At-tari. Nose │Gume, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ne-imo. │„ eṅ (diminutive) │Bari, Kume. │ │Diṅka, Ūm. │ │Šuli } Ūme. │ │Lur } Ūme. Ox │Moṅgi, ôl; pl. Kiteṅi │ Peace │Serre, es │ │Sôtwa, os │ Penis │ǰabo, en; pl. ǰabok (the │ │“wrapped-up,” “concealed,” is the │ │meaning of this word, although, as │ │a matter of fact, the Masai men │ │are the most shamelessly indecent │ │in the world) │ Pig │Bitir, ôl; pl. -on │Lat., Abūtir. │ │Bari, Uri. Pipe │Modi, ôl; pl. -o │ Place │Weiǰi, e; pl. -tin │ Plantation │Guruma, eṅ; pl. -ni │ Pot │Modi, em; pl. -o │ Prostitute │Siǰ or Sid’, es │ Rain │Gai, eṅ (Eṅgai, in one word) │Lat., Ag-gede. Rat (burrowing) │Uda, eṅg; pl. -n │ (house) │Deroni, en; pl. Dero │ Rhinoceros │Mūnyi, ôl │Lat., Emoy’. │ │Bari, Mui. River │Gare, eṅ (water) │Lat., Ari. │ │Bari, Kare. │Gwasu, ôl │ │Mwipo, ol; pl. -n │ │Geǰu, ôl (small stream) │ │„ eṅ (brook) │ Road │Goitoi, eṅ; pl. -n. │ Roof │Geberi, eṅ │ Saliva │Gāmulak, eṅ │Lat., Amēla. │ │Bari, Kamolak. Salt │Munian, em │A Bantu word. Sand │Gǘlukok, eṅ; pl. Gǘlukwa │ Shadow │Oip, ôl; pl. -i │ Sheep │Ger, ôl, eṅ; pl. Gera │Lat., Na-ker │ │ (fem.). Shield │Oṅo, ôl; pl. -n │ Shoe (leathern │Namka, en; pl. -n │ sandal) │ │ Sickness │Ea, eṅg (from ē, to die) │ Sister ắ │Ganä́ši, eṅ; pl. Ganä́šan │Bari, Kiačer. │Daṅgile, eṅ (a term of salutation) │ Skin (hide) │ǰôni, ôl; pl. ǰonito │Lat., Na-gon │ │ (fem.). Sky │Gadamba, eṅ │ Slave │Siṅga, os; pl. -n │ Sleep │ǰô, en (Dyo) │Lat., Aǰôto. │ │Bari, Doto. │ │Šuli, Nenǰo. Small-pox │Eṅg-ēa naibor (the white sickness) │Lat., Eibora. Smoke │Būrwo, em │Lat., Av-vuru. │ │Bari, Kofuret, │ │ Kopuröt. Snake │Asurai, ôl; pl. Asuran │(Lat. Am-monu. │ │ Bari, Munu.) Snow │Seret, es │ Snuff │Kombau, ôl │ │Gišuki, eṅ │ Son │Aioni, Aiu, ôl or eṅg; pl. Aiok │ Song │Siṅgolio, os; pl. -n │ Soul │Dau, ôl │ Spear │Bere, em; pl. -n │Lat., Aveira. │ │Bari, Gor. Speech │Rorei, or │ │Omon, el (words) │ Spine │Giǰi, eṅ │ Spinster │Gapiak, eṅ │ Star │Okirāi, ôl; pl. Ôkir │ Stick │Sebua, os │ Stomach │Ošoke, eṅ; pl. Ošoa │Lat., Noke. Stone │Soit, os; pl. -on │(Lat., Amoru. │ │ Bari, Murufit.) String │Ene, eṅg │ Sun │Oloṅ, eṅg, or Goloṅ, eṅ │Lat., Na-loṅ │ │ (fem.). │ │Bari, Koloṅ. │ │Diṅka, Akol. │ │Šuli, Ceṅ. Tail │Kidôṅoi, ôl; pl. Kidoṅo │ Tale │Bai, ôl │ Tear │Giǰo, ôl; pl. -n │ │Širi, eš │ Testicles │Derege, ôl; pl. -n │ Thief │Aburon, ôl; pl. Aburok │ Thing │Doki, en; pl. Dokitin │ Thorn │Gikwa, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ikoa. │ │Bari, Kikwoti. Throat │Murut, em │Bari, Murut. │Gos, ôl │Yoṅin. Thunder │Gurugur, eṅ │ │Dara, en │Lat., Ed-diri. Tobacco │Kumbau, ol │(from the word │ │ Tumbako, │ │ through the │ │ corrupt form │ │ Kumbatu.) Toe (_vide_ │Kimoǰino, ôl │Lat., Abuge. finger) │ │ Tongue │Geǰep, ôl; pl. -a │Lat., Aṅgaǰi. │ │Bari, Nedeb. │ │Diṅka, Lyeb. │ │Šuli, Lieva. │ │Lur, Levve. Tooth │Ala, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Ala. │ │Bari, Kele. │ │Šuli, Lāk. │ │Diṅka, Lēk. Town │Gaṅ, eṅ; pl. Gaṅite │ │Maniara, ôl; pl -n │ Tree │ǰáni, ôl, en; pl. ǰanito │Lat., At-tana. │ǰata, en; pl. Gek │Šuli, ǰat. │Dimi, en (a number of trees, │Bari, Kadini. │forest) │Diṅka, Tim. Tribe (_vide_ │Kob, eṅ; Gaṅ, en │ town and │ │ country) │ │ Truth │Edede │ Twins │Mao, el │ Udder │Nyawo, en; pl. -n │Lat., Anyava. │ │Bari, Panyak. Ulcer │Dodudai, ôl │ Uncle │Abulai, ôl │ Urine │Gūlak, eṅ │Bari, Kūla. │ │Lat., Agola. Vagina │Gwali, eṅg │ │Boliš, em; pl. -an (the female │ │pudenda) │ Village │Ganāsa, eṅ; pl. -n (a small group │ │of houses) │ Vulture │Modôni, e │ War │ǰore, en; pl. ǰoriak │Lat., Avere. │ │Bari, Ko. Water │Gare, eṅ │Lat., Nare. │ │Bari, Kari │ │ (river). Wax │Došo, en │ Way │Goidoi, eṅ │ Well │Duroto, ôl (also pond, lake) │ Wife │Siaṅgiki, es; pl. -n │ Wilderness │Sero, ôs │ Wind │Giǰabe, eṅ │Lat., Iǰami. Window (hole) │Udoto, eṅ; pl. -n │ Witchcraft │Dāsim, en │ Wizard │Oisakutoni, ôl; pl. Eisakutok │ │Eiboni, ôl; pl. Eibonok │ Woman │Norion, en; pl. Noriok │(Bari, Nuru = │ │ child.) │Daṅadana, en (a mother) │ │Damonon, en (pregnant) │ │Siaṅgiki, es (wife) │ │Daṅgile, en, na (mode of address) │ │Gogo, eṅ (old woman) │ Word │Omon, ôl │ World │Kob, eṅ │ Year │Ari, ôl; pl. -n │ Zebra │Oitiko, ôl; pl. -n │Lat., Edigo.

NUMERALS.

1 │-bo (o-bo, masc.; na-bo, fem.) │Lat., -bodi.
│ │Somali, Kob.
2 │-arre (w-arre, masc.; n-arre, fem.)│Lat., -arrega.
│ │Bari, Öri, murek.
│ │Diṅka, Rōu.
│ │Šiluk } Arrio.
│ │Šuli } Arrio.
│ │Lur } Arrio.
3 │Uni │Lat., Gonigo.
│ │Bari, Ok (in
│ │ compounds).
4 │Uṅgwan; Otoni (Southern Masai) │Lat., Aṅgon.
│ │Bari, Uṅgwan.
│ │Diṅka, Ṅgwan.
│ │Šiluk } Aṅgwēn.
│ │Suli } Aṅgwēn.
│ │Lur } Aṅgwēn.
5 │Imiet │Lat., Miyet.
│ │Bari, Kanat.
│ │Diṅka, Vdieč.
│ │Šiluk ) Abīč.
│ │Šuli } Abīč.
│ │Lur } Abīč.
6 │Ille │Lat., Elle.
│ │Somali, Li.
│ │Boni, Lī.
│ │Galla, Dia.
7 │Nabušana │Lat., Attarit.
8 │Isiet │Lat., Otogoṅi (5
│ │ + 3).
│ │Galla, Zadeta.
│ │Boni, Siete.
9 │Sāl, or Sahal │Lat., Otoṅgoṅ (5
│ │ + 4).
│ │Galla } Sagalla.
│ │Somali } Sagalla.
│ │Boni } Sagalla.
10 │Tomon │Lat., Tomon.
│ │Somali, Tomon.
│ │Galla, -tama (in
│ │ the decades).
│ │Woratta, Tama.
│ │Boni, Tobenna.
│ │Bari, Mere (in
│ │ the decades).
│ │Diṅka, Vtiar.
11 │Tomon obo │Lat., Tomon
│ │ abodi.
20 │Dikitam │Lat., At-tomon
│ │ abodi.
│Kitikitam, Dígtam │Galla, Diketama.
│(This is evidently a very ancient │
│ form. It is remarkable that it is│
│ almost identical with the Galla. │
│ It is probably composed of an old│
│ word for 2, viz. Dik or Tiki and │
│ Tama = 10.) │
30 │Osom │Somali, Sodon.
│ │Galla, Sad-tam or
│ │ Sodom.
40 │Artam. │Somali, Afarton.
│(Query: Is there here an evidence │Galla, Afurtam.
│ of an older form of 4 in Masai, │
│ related to the Galla, viz. Ar, │
│ Afur?) │
50 │Onom (also Neiduruǰa) │Somali, χantom.
│ │Galla, Šantam.
60 │Ipi (“many”); beyond this the │Galla, D’iba =
│ numerals do not seem to be │ 100.
│ further expressed in Masai. Ipi │
│ is used for 70, 80, 90, 100 │
│ indifferently. │

ADJECTIVES.

All │Boki (perhaps -bo, one, pluralized)│ Alone │-beṅ, ô, na, or ei[86] │Lat., Abodi (from │ │ Bodi, one). Bad │Torono; pl. Torok. (In Masai the │Bari. -doro = │ pl. of adjectives is often used │ fallen, spoilt, │ in the singular as an │ damaged. │ intensitive; thus Torok means in │ │ the singular, “very bad.”) │ Beautiful (_vide_│Sidai │ good) │ │ Bitter │-dua │Lat., -dua (ô, │ │ na, e). Black │-rok │Lat., -riok. │Eloitwe │Bari, Elurwe. Bold │Ol-ēṅoni; pl. Eṅok, el (the manly) │Lat., Ol-le. Broad │Dabaš │ │Ala │Bari, Anagalan. Broken (spoilt) │-derie │ Clean (_vide_ │-ibor │Lat., -ibor. white) │ │ Clever (cunning) │Nyen, or Ṅeṅ │Bari, Kaṅa. Cruel │-maṅ │ Dead │-toa │Bari, Atoan. │ │Lat., Adua (dumb, │ │ silent). Deep │Akwa │ Dirty │-sorto │ Dry │-doyo │ Each │Kil │ Every │Boki │Lat., -ǰogo. Fat │-bir │Lat., -vir. │ │Bari, -ofir. Feeble │-nana │Lat., -nana. Few │Kuti │ Fresh │-ǰon │ Full │-puta │Lat., -vot. Good │Sidai. (This word comes from the │Lat., Isidda │ root Sid’, “to be of easy │ (wanton). │ manners,” “to be unchaste,” │ │ whence -sid’ or -siǰ, │ │ “incontinent.” It shows the │ │ notion of morality among the │ │ Masai, that such a term should │ │ come to mean “pleasant,” │ │ “handsome,” “good,” and even │ │ “useful”); pl. Sidan. │ │Subad, or Subai (used as a │Lat., Mgada │ greeting) │ (good). │-gai (from which root Rain and God)│ Great │Kito; pl. Kitok │ Green │-nyori │ │-ǰon (fresh, raw) │ │-šal (in contradistinction to dry, │ │ burnt) │ Hard │-gol │Bari, Al-ogo. Having │-ata │ Healthy │-lulunga │ │-gol │ Heavy │-iroši │Lat., -irosi. High │-ado │Lat. ôdo. │ │Bari, -aǰo. Hot │-ruwa │ Left (hand) │Kirian │ Little │-ti, Kiti; pl. Kutiti │Bari, -dit. Long │-ado (_vide_ high) │Bari, -aǰo. │ │Lat., -odo. Low │Abori │ Male │Ole; pl. Lewa │Lat., Olle. │ │Bari, Logulao; │ │ Lo- (masc. │ │ article and │ │ prefix). Many │Kumo, Kumok │ Near │Etana │ New │Neǰuk │Lat., Aṅgeǰuk. │ │Bari, Ludukotyo. Old │Msana │Lat., Meruan. │Gogo (old in years) │Bari, Madoṅ. │Eos │ Open │Eigenu │Lat., Aṅa. │ │Bari, Aṅa. Other │-kai, ôl, eṅ; pl. Kulikai │ Pregnant │Emena │ Red │-nyokie │ Right (hand) │Olewa (_vide_ male) │ Ripe │Eo, Eoto │Lat., -dori. │ │Bari, Toran. Short │Torop or Dorob │Lat., Os-suk. Sick │-mui, Emui │Lat., Uṅgwe. Spotted │-geri │Bari, Mimyen. Strong │-gol │ Sweet │-melok │ Thick │-pir │Lat., -vir. │ │Bari, ofir. Thin │Roṅgai │ Weak │-nana (evidently connected with Na,│Lat., Na-, fem. │ the feminine particle) │ article. │ „ │Bari, Na, No, Nu, │ │ fem. article. │ │Šiluk, Nyano = │ │ she. White │-ibor │Lat., -ivor; │ │ Aboṅ.

For PRONOUNS see preceding sketch of grammar.

VERBS.

Able, be │-idim │ Abound │-bore │Bari, ǰore = │ │ overflow. Agree │-šiate │ Angry, to be │-goro │Bari, Awaran = │ │ angry. Anoint │-el │Bari, Wel-et = │ │ ointment. │-pik │ Arrive │-beki │ Ask │-bar │ Avoid │-pal │ Awake │-tobiwo │ │-inyo │ Be │-ra; -ta; -ti. │ Bear (to give │-išo │ birth) │ │ Beat │-ar │ Begin │-aṅgas │ Bend │-lok │ Benighted, to be │-muta │ Bind │-en, -gen, -igen (all sorts of │ │ variants from the primitive root │ │ -en) │ Bite │-on │ Blow │-yuk; -kut │Bari, Kudie. Boil (act.) │-yir │ (neut.) │-tokitok │ Break (act.) │-rek │ (neut.) │-er (from this root a number of │ │ terms are derived, such as │ │ -derie, broken, from the past │ │ tense of -er = -derie, &c.) │ Break open │-bol │Bari, Bel, Belen; │ │ Futukö. „ off │-pukus │ Breathe │-yaṅ │Bari, Yukakin. Bring │-iau │Bari, ǰwe. Build │-itobir (from -ito, make, and -bir,│ │ big, wide, &c.) │ Bury │-nuk │ │-tur (to excavate) │ Buy │-inyaṅu │ Call │-ibot │ Carry │-nap (-nab in conjugation) │ Catch │-iwōn; -wab │ Choose │-ikebu; -šilu │ Circumcise │-murāt │ Clean │-ǰud │Bari, Čea. Climb │-ilebaki │ Clothe (act.) │-yop │ (pass.) │-išop │ Come │an irregular verb conjugated by the│Bari, Po, Fo. │ imperfect and independent forms │ │ -lotu, -yuo, -ponu │ Count │-iken │Bari, Ken. (reckon) │ │Šuli, Ken. Copulate │-urbono │ Cover │-pukur │Bari, Rap. (conceal) │-jab (from this root = Enjabo, │ │ penis, viz. “the covered, │ │ concealed”) │ Cut │-duṅ │ „ open │-pūl │ „ up │-saǰ │ Dance │-raṅ │ Deceive │-led’ or leǰ │ Despise │-men │ Die │-ē (irregular verb, past tense, │ │-tua) │Bari, Toan. Dig │-tur │ Do │-itobir (old form, -ito) │ Dream │-idetidet │ Drink │-mat │Bari, Moǰu. │ │Šuli, Mate. Eat │-nya (irregular verb, past tense, │Bari, Nye. │ -tama) │ │ │Šuli, Tyam. Empty │-bugu │ „ to be │-mota │ Enter │-ǰiṅ │ Erect │-ṅgada │ Escape │-luaǰa │ Fall │-doye │Bari, Doro. Fatten │-bir │Bari, Ofir = fat. Fear │-ure │ Feel │-niṅ │Bari, Yin = to │ │ hear. Fight │-ara │Latuka, Ivot. Fill │-ibut │ Find │-šia? │ Finish │-idip; -mit │ Fly │-ipiri │ Follow │-tubake │ Forbid │-anya │ Forget │-torgine │ Frighten │-iture; -urešo │ Generate │-iu (old form only existing in │ │ compounds and derivatives, such │ │ as -išo, the modern verb, past │ │ tense, -toiūo) │ Get │-šia; -tum │ Give │-išo (imperative irreg., Enǰo, │ │ Enǰoki) │ Go │Irregular verb composed of the │Lat., -lo. │ independent forms, -lo; -po; -no;│ │ šom; and -beti │ Greet │-irorok (from -roro, to speak) │Bari, Ro-man. Grind │-idoṅ │ Grow │-bulu │ Hang │-ik │Bari, Likie. Have │-ata (to be with) │ │-ra ( „ ) │ Heal │-išiu │ Hear │-niṅ (the same as “feel”) │Bari, Yin. │ │Šuli, Win. Help │-retoki │ Hide │-isudo │ Hit │-ar │ Hunt │-iṅoru │ Ill, be │-mui │Bari, Mimyen. Itch │-oǰ │ Judge │-iriš. │ Jump │-isioṅ │ Kick │-ramo │ Kill │-ar; -rem │Bari, Rembu. Know │-yôlo │ Laugh │-kwen │Bari, Kweni. Lick │-meǰ │ Lie │-teleǰase │ Lie down │-ber │ Like │-nyon; -šam │Bari, Nyar. Live, to (be │-piu │ alive) │ │ Look │-iṅon; -imariri │ Lose │-imim │ Love │-šam; -nyor; -iyan │Bari, Nyar; Yap. Make │-itobir │ Marry │-yam (for a man) │ │-yamišo (for a woman) │Bari, Yenbaǰi. Milk │-leb │Bari, Le = milk, │ │ n. Mix │-gurd │ Move │-ipoṅ │Bari, Bondu. Overcome │-mir │ Pass │-im │ Perish │-min │ Perspire │-ilaṅ │ Plant │-tur │ Pregnant, be │-mena │ Pull │-ibuṅ; -yet │Bari, ǰik. Pursue │-suǰ │ Push │-rumo │ Put │-Šum; -rid │ Quarrel │-arare; arate │ Rain │-ša │ Remove │-tau; -tumu │ Rend │-giǰ │ Reply │-iruk │ Resemble │-wana │ Return │-riṅyo │ Roar │-šir │ Roast │-beǰ │ Rob │-buro │ Run │-bor │ Say │-ǰo │ See │-dol (irregular; past tense, │ │ -tadūa) │ Seek │-iṅoru │ Seize │-ibuṅ │ Sell │-mir │ Send │-ipaya │ Sew │-rip │ Shake │-igusugusu │ Shave │-barn │Bari, Barandu. Shine │-imer; iwaṅ │ Sing │-raṅ; -isilil │ Sit │-ton; -totona │ Skin │-ǰeṅ │ Sleep │-irura │ Smell (stink) │-ṅgu │ (fragrant) │-robil │ Speak │-iro; iroro │ Stand │-idaso │ Steal │-buro │ Stoop │-ulud │ Suck │-nak │ Swallow │-iǰo │ Take │-ya (past tense, -yawa) │ Talk │-iroro │ Tear │-giǰ │ Tell │-liki │ Think │-ǰo │ Throw │-ibugo; -idad │ Tie │-lid; -en │ Tire │-naura │ Tremble │-girigira │ Twist │-gur; -biaǰ │ Urinate │-lut │Bari, Kula. Vanquish │-dim │ Vomit │-lobišo │ Want │-yau │ Wash │-ug; -sul │ Watch │-muda │ Weep │-išir │ Wipe │-yud │ Write │-sir │ Yawn │-aṅa │

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, &c.

Above │Keber │Bari, Ki. Afterwards │Pei │ Again │Si │ Ago │Oba, muidi │ Although │Pe │ Always │Osake │ And │O (masculine); na (feminine) │ As, like │Kam │Galla, Kam. At │Ti; T- │ Because │Amu │ Before │Teṅgomom (“in the face”) │ Behind │Tolkurum │ Beyond │Endalo │ But (only) │-ke (generally enclitic) │ Down │Abori │ Either (or) │au—ao │ Entirely │Boki; naleṅ │ Far │Ba │Bari, Faǰo. First │-bo │ For │Ko; K- │Bari, Ko. From │ │ Here │Ene; tene │Bari, Ni. How? │Aˇi? │ How much? │-muaǰa (prefix according to gender │Bari, Moda? „ many? │ of noun) │ If │Den _or_ Ten; Pe, P- │ In │-ti; T-, Te; Atwa │ Like │Kam │Galla, Kam. Much │Kumo, Kumok │ No │Emé │Galla, Me, eme. Not │Me, M- │ Now │Tata │ Of │-a (la, na, ra, according to │ │ gender) │ Often │Enake │ On │Keber │Bari, Ki. Only │Ke │Bari, Gelen. Outside │Aulo │ Quickly │Sarasara │ Really │Edede │ Slowly │Akidi │ So │Neǰa │Bari, Čona. There │Ende, Tende │Bari, Ni. To │Ko, K-; Te, T- │ To-day │Tata; Duo │Lat., Agana. To-morrow │Teisere │Lat., Taleloṅ. Under │Abori │ Upon │Keber │ Very │Kumo │ Well │Subai │ What sort? │Ka, K-? (prefixed to word) │ What kind of? │ │ When? │Kaǰi? │ Where? │Aǰi? Akodēē? │ Why? │Painyo? (For what?) │ With │La, na, e; ko; pe │ Yes │Neǰata (It is so); Oi; iba; eo; │ │ iko, &c. │ Yesterday │Ṅole │Lat., Golo-ṅgole ─────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────