Chapter M: Major infectious diseases (133)

Kosovo
Albanian Christian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PShDK [Tome
MARKU]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ];
Alliance for a New Kosovo or AKR [Behgjet PACOLLI]; Alliance of
Independent Social Democrats of Kosovo and Metohija or SDSKIM
[Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Autonomous Liberal Party of SLS [Slobodan
PETROVIC]; Bosniak Vakat Coalition [Dzezair MURATI]; Citizens'
Initiative of Gora or GIG [Murselj HALJILJI]; Council of Independent
Social Democrats of Kosovo or SNSDKIM [Ljubisa ZIVIC]; Democratic
Action Party or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Democratic Ashkali Party of
Kosovo or PDAK; Democratic League of Dardania or LDD [Nexhat DACI];
Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Fatmir SEJDIU]; Democratic Party
of Ashkali of Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit RAHMANI]; Democratic Party of
Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Democratic Party Vatan [Sadik IDRIZI];
Democratic Union of Ashkalis or BDA [Sabit RRAHMANI]; Justice Party
or PD [Sylejman QERKEZI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP
[Mahir YAGCILAR]; Liberal Party of Kosovo or PLK [Gjergi DEDAJ]; New
Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Xhevdet NEZIRAJ]; New
Democratic Party or ND [Branislav GRBIC]; New Kosovo Alliance or AKR
[Behxhet PACOLLI]; Popular Movement of Kosovo or LPK [Emrush
XHEMAJLI]; Reform Party Ora [Teuta SAHATCIA]; Serb National Party or
SNS [Mihailo SCEPANOVIC]; Serbian Kosovo and Metohija Party or SKMS
[Dragisa MIRIC]; Serbian List for Kosovo and Metohija [Oliver
IVANOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSDK [Agim CEKU];
United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]

Kuwait
none; formation of political parties is in practice illegal
but is not forbidden by law

Kyrgyzstan
Ak Jol (Good Luck) [Avtandil ARABAEV, Elmira IBRAIMOVA,
Vladimir NIFADYEV, co-chairs]; Ak Shumkar (Gerfalcon) [Temir
SARIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIEV]; Asaba (Banner
National Revival Party) [Sovetbek JAMALDINOV]]; Ata-Meken
(Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan
or DDK [Viktor TCHETRNOMORETS]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek
TURGUNALIEV]; For Justice Movement [Alikbek JEKSHENKULOV]; Green
Party [Erkin BULEKBAEV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action)
[Medet SADYRKULOV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Iskhak
MASALIEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Party
of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]; Republican Party of Labor and Unity
[Tabaldy OROZALIEV]; Revolutionary Committee [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV];
Sanjira (Tree of Life) [Ednan KARABAEV]; Social Democratic Party of
Kyrgyzstan [Almaz ATAMBAEV]; Svoboda Vybora (Free Choice) Party
[Vyacheslav LISOVSKIY]; Turan Party [Kanybek IMANALIYEV]; Uluu
Birimdik (Solidarity) Party [Emilbek KAPTAGAEV]; Union of Democratic
Forces [Osmon ARTYKBAEV]; United Kyrgyzstan [Amangeldi MURALIEV]

Laos
Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALI Saignason];
other parties proscribed

Latvia
Civic Union [Sandra KALNIETE, Girts Valdis KRISTOVSKIS];
First Party of Latvia/Latvia's Way or LPP/LC [Ainars SLESERS, Ivars
GODMANIS]; For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Jakovs
PLINERS, Tatjana ZDANOKA]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian
National Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [Roberts ZILE, Maris
GRINBLATS]; Harmony Center or SC [Nils USAKOVS, Janis URBANOVICS];
New Era Party or JL [Solvita ABOLTINA, Dzintars ZAKIS]; People's
Party or TP [Mareks SEGLINS]; Society for Different Politics or SCP
[Aigars STOKENBERGS; Artis PABRIKS]; The Union of Latvian Greens and
Farmers Party or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]

Lebanon
14 March Coalition: Democratic Gathering Bloc [Walid
JUNBLATT, leader of Progressive Socialist Party]; Democratic Left
[Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; Future
Movement Bloc [Sa'ad al-HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Amine GEMAYEL];
Lebanese Forces [Samir JA'JA]; Tripoli Independent Bloc
8 March Coalition: Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI,
leader of Amal Movement]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN];
Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [Mohammad RA'AD] (includes Hizballah
Party [Hassan NASRALLAH]); Nasserite Popular Movement [Ussama SAAD];
Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Syrian Ba'th Party [Sayez SHUKR]; Syrian
Social Nationalist Party [Ali QANSO]
Independent: Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]; Tashnaq

Lesotho
Alliance of Congress Parties or ACP including the Lesotho
People's Congress or LCP [Kelebone MAOPE], the Basotholand African
Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE], and a faction of the Basotho
Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; All Basotho Convention
or ABC [Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP;
Basotho Congress Party or BCP; Basotho Democratic National Party or
BDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen.
Justin Metsing LEKHANYA]; Basotholand African National Congress or
BANC; Christian Democratic Party or CDP [Enerst RAMOKOENA]; Lesotho
Congress for Democracy or LCD (the governing party) [Pakalitha
MOSISILI]; Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; National
Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]

Liberia
Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH];
Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL [H. Varney
SHERMAN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH];
Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party or
NPP [Roland MASSAQUOI]; Unity Party or UP [Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF]

Libya
none

Liechtenstein
Die Freie Liste (The Free List) or FL [Claudia
HEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT]; Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei
(Progressive Citizens' Party) or FBP [Marcus VOGT]; Vaterlaendische
Union (Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]

Lithuania
Civil Democracy Party or PDP [Viktor MUNTIANAS]; Coalition
of Labor Party and Youth or KDP+J [Viktor USPASKICH]; Electoral
Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI]; Homeland
Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD [Andrius KUBILIUS];
Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union or LVLS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE];
Liberal and Center Union or LCS [Arturas ZUOKAS]; Liberal Movement
or LRLS [Eligijus MASIULIS]; National Revival or TPP [Arunas
VALINSKAS]; New Union (Social Liberal) or NS [Arturas PAULAUSKAS];
Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS]; Social Democratic
Party or LSDP [Gediminas KIRKILAS]; Young Lithuania and New
Nationalists [Stanislovas BUSKEVICIUS]

Luxembourg
Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Robert
MEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Francois BILTGEN];
Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois
BAUSCH]; dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left); Luxembourg Socialist
Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; other minor parties

Macau
New Hope [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union
[KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei];
Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic
Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; Union for Promoting
Progress [LEONG Heng-teng]
note: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no
registered political parties; politically active groups register as
societies or companies

Macedonia
Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic League of
Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or
PDSh/DPA [Menduh THACI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan
STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic
Renewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Union of
Albanians or BDSh [Bardyl MAHMUTI]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for
Macedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration or
BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; For a Better Macedonia coalition [Nikola
GRUEVSKI] (includes VMRO-DPMNE, SP, Democratic Union, Democratic
Renewal of Macedonia, Democratic Party of Turks, Democratic Party of
Serbs, SR, and smaller parties); Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or
VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi
MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Jovan MANSIEVSKI];
Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Alternative [Harun ALIU];
National Democratic Union or BDK [Hysni SHAQIR]; New Democracy of
DR/ND [Imer SELMANI]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito
PETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Sefedin
HARUNI]; Party for European Future or PEI [Fijat CANOSKI]; Party of
Free Democrats or PSD [Ljubco JORDANOVSKI]; Social Democratic
Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV]; Socialist Party of
Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; Sun-Coalition for Europe
[Radmila SKERINSKA] (includes SDSM, NSDP, LDP, Liberal Party and
smaller parties); Union of Romas or SR [Shaban SALIU]; United Party
for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]

Madagascar
Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA
[Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar or
PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action
for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO];
Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or
TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or
RPSD [Evariste MARSON]

Malawi
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Dindi NYASULU]; Congress of
Democrats or CODE [Ralph KASAMBARA]; Democratic Progressive Party or
DPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO];
Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for
Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Maravi People's
Party [Uladi MUSSA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New
Rainbow Coalition Party [Beatrice MWALE]; New Republican Party
[Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke
BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO];
Republican Party or RP [Stanley MASAULI]; United Democratic Front or
UDF [Bakili MULUZI]; United Democratic Party [Kenedy KALAMBO]

Malaysia
National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (ruling coalition)
consists of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or
PGRM [KOH Tsu Koon]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal
Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian Chinese
Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Tee Keat];
Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy
VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti
Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka
Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak
or PRS [James MASING]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu
Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays
National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak]; United
Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko
Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's
Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP
[M.Kayveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William
MAWAN])
People's Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) or PR (opposition coalition)
consists of the following parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti
Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of
Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];
People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH
Wan Ismail]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]
independent party: Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Saban)
or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]

Maldives
Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI];
Dhivehi Quamee Party or DQP [Hassan SAEED]; Dhivehi Rayyithunge
Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM];
Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER]; Maldivian Democratic
Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]; People's Alliance or PA [Abdullah
YAMEEN]; Republican (Jumhooree) Party [Gasim IBRAHIM]; Social
Liberal Party or SLP [Ibrahim ISMAIL]

Mali
Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised
mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); African Solidarity
for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary
general]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of
political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to
support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for
Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou
Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a
coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to
oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National
Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party
for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for National
Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or
MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou
Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA];
Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Basir
GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla
COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]

Malta
Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD
[Arnold CASSOLA]; Azzjoni Nazzjonaili or AN [Josi MUSCAT]; Malta
Labor Party or MLP [Joseph MUSCAT]; Nationalist Party or PN
[Lawrence GONZI]

Marshall Islands
traditionally there have been no formally organized
political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions
or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,
formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"
have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein
Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa
TOMEING]

Mauritania
Alternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTAR
HACEN]; Centrist Reformists (independent moderate Islamists)
[Mohamed Jamil MANSOUR]; Coalition for Forces for Democratic Change
or CFCD (coalition of political parties including APP, Centrist
Reformists (independent moderate Islamists), HATEM-PMUC, PUDS, RD,
RFD, UFP); Democratic Renewal or RD [Moustapha Ould
ABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity and Change or
HATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; Mithaq (coalition of independents
and parties associated with the former regime including Alternative
or El-Badil, PRDR, UDP, RDU); National Pact for Democracy and
Development or PNDD-ADIL (independents supporting President
Abdellahi) [Yahya Ould Ahmed Ould WAGHEF]; National Rally for
Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE; National Rally for Reform
and Development or Tawassoul (moderate Islamists) [Mohamed Jemil
Ould MANSOUR]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE];
Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rally
of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy
and Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Republican Party for
Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Boullah Ould MOGUEYA]; Socialist and
Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for Democracy and Progress or
UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [Cheikh
Sid'Ahmed Ould BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP
[Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD];

Mauritius
Alliance Sociale or AS [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governing
coalition - includes MLD, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMXD); Mauritian Labor
Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement
or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement or
MMSM [Madan DULLOO]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind
JUGNAUTH]; Mouvement Republicain or MR [Jayarama VALAYDEN]; Parti
Mauricien Xavier Duval or PMXD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues
Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples
Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Mayotte
Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular
Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or UMP-RPR
[Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance for
Democracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM
[Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar
SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS [Ibrahim ABUBACAR] (local branch of
French Parti Socialiste); Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri
JEAN-BAPTISTE]

Mexico
Convergence for Democracy or CD [Luis MALDONADO Venegas];
Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Beatriz PAREDES]; Labor
Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]; Mexican Green Ecological
Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action
Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [German MARTINEZ Cazares];
New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA [Jorge Antonio
KAHWAGI Macari]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la
Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Leonel COTA Montano]; Social
Democratic and Peasant Alternative Party (Partido Alternativa
Socialdemocrata y Campesina) or Alternativa [Alberto BEGNE Guerra]

Micronesia, Federated States of
no formal parties

Moldova
Centrist Union or UCM [Vasile TARLEV]; Christian Democratic
People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party of the
Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN]; Democratic Party or
PD [Dumitru DIACOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLDM [Vladmir
FILAT]; Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU]; National Liberal Party
or PNL [Vitalia PAVLICENKO]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [Serafim
URECHEAN]; Party for Social Democracy or PDSM [Dumitru BRAGHIS]

Monaco
Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the
Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM;
Monaco Together

Mongolia
Democratic Party or DP [Norov ALTANHUYAG]; Mongolian
People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Sanjaa BAYAR]

Montenegro
Albanian Alternative or AA [Vesel SINISHTAJ]; Coalition
for European Montenegro or DPS-SDP (bloc) [Milo DJUKANOVIC]
(includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]
and Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]); Coalition
SNP-NS-DSS (bloc) (includes Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan
MILIC], People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC], and
Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Ranko KADIC]);
Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity or SPP [Mehmet
BARDHIJ]; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA];
Liberals and the Bosniak Party (bloc) [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] (includes
Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC] and Bosniak
Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]); Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa
MEDOJEVIC]; New Serb Democracy or NSD [Andrija MANDIC]; Serbian List
(bloc) [Andrija MANDIC] (includes Party of Serb Radicals or SSR
[Dusko SEKULIC], People's Socialist Party or NSS [Emilo LABUDOVIC],
and Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]);
Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Srdjan MILIC]

Montserrat
Montserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS];
Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY];
New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]

Morocco
Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (The
Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es
(Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or
An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM
[Mohamed Cheikh BIADILLAH, Secretary General]; Choura et Istiqlal
(Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH];
Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship and
Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional
Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movement
or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL
KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed
BENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI];
Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development
Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI
[Abbas EL FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Abdelilah
BENKIRANE]; Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal
Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND
[Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI
[Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi
AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL
MANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah
IBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress and
Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Party
or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV
[Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR];
Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Democratic
Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or
USFP [Abdelwahed RADI]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU
[Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]

Mozambique
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de
Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA];
Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or
RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Namibia
All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of
Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of
Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie
VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC;
National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO];
Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA];
Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]; South West Africa National
Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's
Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front
or UDF [Justus GAROEB]

Nauru
Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal);
Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party; note - loose multiparty system

Nepal
Chure Bhawar Rastriya Ekata Party [Keshav Prasad MAINALI];
Communist Party of Nepal (ML) [C.P. MAINALI]; Communist Party of
Nepal (Unified) [Raj Singh SHRIS]; Communist Party of Nepal (United)
[Ganesh SHAH]; Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or
CPN/UML [Jhalanath KHANAL]; Dalit Janajati Party [Vishwendraman
PASHWAN]; Madhesi People's Rights Forum [Upendra YADAV]; National
Democratic Party or NDP [Pashupati Shumsher RANA] (also called
Rastriya Prajatantra Party or RPP); Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal
[Upendra GACHCHHADAR]; Nepal Pariwar Dal [Vinod DANGI]; Nepal
Rastriya Party [Khushilal YADAV]; Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandi
Devi) [Shyam Sundar GUPTA]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP
[Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad
KOIRALA]; Nepali Janata Dal [Bharat Prasad MAHATO]; Rastriya
Janamorcha [Chitra BAHADUR K.C.]; Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar
Singh THAPA]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya Bahadur
THAPA]; Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal [Kamal THAPA]; Sadbhavana
Party (Mahato) [Rajendra MAHATO]; Samajbadi Prajatantrik Janata
Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]; Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch
[Kamal CHHARAHANG]; Terai-Madhes Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR];
United Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also
known as PRACHANDA, chairman]

Netherlands
Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Pieter VAN GEEL];
Christian Union Party [Arie SLOB]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Alexander
PECHTOLD]; Green Left Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA
[Mariette HAMER]; Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]; Party
for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME]; People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Mark RUTTE]; Reformed
Political Party of SGP [Bas VAN DER VLIES]; Socialist Party [Agnes
KANT]; plus a few minor parties

Netherlands Antilles
Bonaire: Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB
[Jopi ABRAHAM]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramonsito BOOI]
Curacao: Ban Vota [Norbert GEORGE]; C-93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic
Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; E Mayoria [Aurelio PEDRO];
Forsa Korsou [Nelson NAVARRO]; Liste Ni'un Paso Atras [Nelson
PIERRE]; Movemiento Patriotiko Korsou [Reginald LAK]; New Antilles
Movement or MAN [Charles COOPER]; Partido Akshon Pa Prosperidat I
Seguridat [Sonja BERKEMEYER]; Partido Laboral Krusada Popular or
PLKP [Errol COVA]; Party for the Restructured Antilles or PAR [Emily
de JONGH-ELHAGE]; People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DE
LANNOOY]; Pidjin [Jasmin PINEDO]; Pueblo Soberano [Herman WIELS];
Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT]
Saba: Saba Labor Party [Akilah LEVENSTONE]; Windward Islands
People's Movement or WIPM [Ray HASSELL]
Sint Eustatius: Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E
[Julian WOODLEY]; Progressive Labor Party [Clyde VAN PUTTEN]; St.
Eustatius Alliance [Ingrid HOUTMAN-WHITFIELD]
Sint Maarten: Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah
WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Freedom Slate of National Democratic Party
[Theophilus PRIEST]; National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN];
People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [Gracita ARRINDELL]; St.
Maarten People's Party [Johan LEONARD]; United People's Labor Party
[Bienvenido RICHARDSON]
note: political parties are indigenous to each island

New Caledonia
Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];
Caledonia Together [Philippe GOMES]; Caledonian Union or UC [Charles
PIDJOT]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes
or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN];
Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Labor Party or
PT [Louis Kora UREGEI]; Kanak Socialist Front for National
Liberation or FLNKS (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de
Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Rally for Caledonia or
RPC [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Didier LEROUX];
The Rally or UMP [Pierre FROGIER]; Union Nationale pour
l'Independance or UNI; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM
[Victor TUTUGORO]

New Zealand
ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette
FITZSIMONS]; Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Pita SHARPLES]; National
Party or NP [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston
PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Phil GOFF]; Progressive
Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]

Nicaragua
Conservative Party or PC [Azalia AVILES Salmeron]; Liberal
Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Nicaraguan
Democratic Bloc or BDN [Eduardo MONTEALEGRE]; Nicaraguan Liberal
Alliance or ALN [Eliseo NUNEZ Sr.]; Sandinista National Liberation
Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation
Movement or MRS [Enrique SAENZ Navarrete]

Niger
Alkalama; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or
CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing
Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger Social
Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social
Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE];
Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma [Sanousi JACKOU]; Nigerien
Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Issifou
MAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Party of the Masses for Labor; Nigerien
Progressive Party or PPN-RDA; Rally for Democracy and Progress or
RDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or
RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]

Nigeria
Accord Party [Ikra Aliyu BILBIS]; Action Congress or AC
[Hassan ZUMI]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA];
All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Edwin UME-EZEOKE]; All
Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Democratic
People's Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party
[Chris OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; Movement for the
Restoration and Defense of Democracy or MRDD [Mohammed Gambo
JIMETA]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples
Democratic Party or PDP [Vincent OGBULAFOR]; Peoples Progressive
Alliance [Clement EBRI]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir
Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE];
United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [Mallam Selah JAMBO]

Niue
Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or
NPP [Young VIVIAN]

Norfolk Island
none

Northern Mariana Islands
Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL];
Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S.
REYES]

Norway
Center Party [Liv Signe NAVARSETE]; Christian People's Party
[Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party
[Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party
[Siv JENSEN]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]

Oman
none

Pakistan
Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN];
Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL];
Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR];
Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam
Fazlur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam Sami-ul
HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP [Shah
Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED];
Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National Alliance
or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); National Peoples
Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP [Mahmood Khan
ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan
Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim
League-Nawaz Sharif or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League
or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or
PPP-S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Peoples Party
Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali
ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN];
Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently

Palau
none

Panama
Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic
Revolutionary Party or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS Espino]; Nationalist
Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz];
Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA] (formerly the Arnulfista
Party); Patriotic Union Party or UP (combination of the Liberal
National Party or PLN and the Solidarity Party or PS)[Guillermo
"Billy" FORD and Anibal GALINDO]; Popular Party or PP [Rene ORILLAC]
(formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)

Papua New Guinea
National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE];
Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; Papua
New Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Democratic
Movement or PDM [Michael OGIO]; People's Action Party or PAP
[Gabriel KAPRIS]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA] (2007)

Paraguay
Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for
Change) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana -
Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento Union Nacional
de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Patria
Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL
Niella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS; Partido
Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Emilio CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal
Radical Autentico or PLRA [Gustavo CARDOZO]; Partido Pais Solidario
or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]

Peru
Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA
Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (a
coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva
Mayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (a
coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional
de Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; National
Renovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY];
National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto
LAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional)
or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP
[Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista
Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by its
original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA);
Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP
[Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular
Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union por
el Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]

Philippines
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino or Kampi [Luis
VILLAFUERTE]; Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino
Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim
Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Prospero NOGRALES]; Liberal Party or LP
[Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR];
Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban
[Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor
SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine
Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United Opposition or UNO [Jejomar
BINAY]
note: Lakas-CMD and Kampi merged on 29 May 2009 to form Lakas-Kampi
CMD

Pitcairn Islands
none

Poland
Civic Platform or PO [chairman Donald TUSK; parliamentary
caucus leader Grzegorz SCHETYNA]; Democratic Caucus of the
Democratic Party (SD) or DKP SD [parliamentary caucus leader Bogdan
LIS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [chairman Grzegorz
NAPIERALSKI]; Democratic Party or PD [chairwoman Brygida KUZNIAK];
Democratic Party or SD [chairman Pawel PISKORSKI]; German Minority
of Lower Silesia or MNSO [representative Henryk KROLL]; Law and
Justice or PiS [chairman Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; parliamentary caucus
leader Przemyslaw GOSIEWSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR
[acting chairman Arnold MASIN]; Left (Democratic Left Alliance and
independents) [parliamentary caucus leader Grzegorz NAPIERALSKI];
Polish People's Party or PSL [chairman Waldemar PAWLAK;
parliamentary caucus leader Stanislaw ZELICHOWSKI]; Polska XXI
(political grouping of former PiS members; not officially
registered) [chairman Jaroslaw SELLIN; parliamentary caucus leader
Kazimierz Michal UJAZDOWSKI]; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej
LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman
Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ]; Social Democratic Party of Poland-New Left
(SDPL-New Left) [parliamentary caucus leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union
of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]

Portugal
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo
PORTAS]; Green Ecologist Party (The Greens) or PEV [leadership
commission elected by members]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP
[Jeronimo DE SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES
Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Manuela
FERREIRA LEITE]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA];
Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes
PCP and PEV)

Puerto Rico
National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; National
Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive
Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood); Popular Democratic
Party or PPD [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA] (pro-commonwealth); Puerto Rican
Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)

Qatar
none

Romania
Conservative Party or PC [Daniela POPA] (formerly Humanist
Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Emil BOC];
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO];
National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu-TARICEANU]; Social
Democratic Party or PSD [Mircea Dan GEOANA] (formerly Party of
Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR)

Russia
A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]; Communist Party of the
Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal
Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich
ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Patriots of Russia [Gennadiy SEMIGIN]; People's Union
[Sergey BABURIN]; Right Cause [Leonid Yakovlevich GOZMAN, Boris
Yuriyevich TITOV, and Georgiy Georgiyevich BOVT] (registration
pending; formed from merger of Union of Right Forces, Democratic
Party of Russia, and Civic Force); United Russia [Vladimir
Vladimirovich PUTIN]; Yabloko Party [Sergey Sergeyevich MITROKHIN]

Rwanda
Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA];
Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA];
Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially
banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal
Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal
(officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]

Saint Barthelemy
Action-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES];
Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN]; Saint-Barth
d'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy
[Karine MIOT-RICHARD]

Saint Helena
none

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance
AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's
Action Movement or PAM [Lindsay GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor
Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]

Saint Lucia
National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia
Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or
SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher
HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]

Saint Martin
Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis-Constant FLEMING];
Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON];
Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET]

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with
UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical
Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP);
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM;
Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim
EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the
coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for
National Unity or MNU)

Samoa
Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi
TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA];
Samoa Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati]; Samoa Party
or SP [Su'a Rimoni Ah CHONG]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or
SPPP [Toeolesulusulu SIUEVA]

San Marino
Christian Democrats or PDCS [Pasquale VALENTINI];
Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center
or DdC [Giovanni LONGERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and We
Sammarinesi or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS
[Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride
ANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union of
Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glcuco SANSOVINI] and
San Marino Populars or pop [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI];
United Left of SU [Alessandro ROSSI]

Sao Tome and Principe
Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM
[Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI
[[Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and
Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New
Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim
NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties

Saudi Arabia
none

Senegal
African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for
the Republic-Yakaar [Macky Sall]; And-Jef/African Party for
Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Alliance of
Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic
League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front
for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye
Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS];
Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla
SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; People's
Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim
AGNE]; Rewmi Party [Idrissa Seck]; Senegalese Democratic Party or
PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG];
SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union
for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]

Serbia
Coalition of Albanians of the Presevo Valley or KAPD [Riza
HALIMI]; Coalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN];
Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic
Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party or DS
[Boris TADIC]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL [Skender
DESTANI]; For a European Serbia [Boris TADIC]; Force of Serbia
Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan DINKIC]; League
of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR]; Liberal Democratic
Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement for Democratic Progress
or LPD [Jonuz MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Party of
Democratic Action or PVD [Riza HALIMI]; People's Party or NS [Maja
GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; Serbian Progressive Party
or SNS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav
SESELJ (currently on trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC as
acting leader]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC];
Union of Roma of Serbia or URS [Rajko DJURIC]

Seychelles
Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW];
Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the
United Opposition or UO); People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France
Albert RENE, James MICHEL] (the governing party)

Sierra Leone
All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace
and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement
for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone
People's Party or SLPP [Solomon BEREWA]; numerous others

Singapore
People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Reform
Party [NG Teck Siong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM
See Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];
Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian]
note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore
National Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP

Slovakia
parties in the Parliament:: Christian Democratic Movement
or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY]; Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD
[Robert FICO]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Pal CSAKY];
People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS
[Vladimir MECIAR]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic
Party or SDKU-DS [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS
[Jan SLOTA]
selected parties outside the Parliament:: Agrarian Party of the
Provinces or ASV [Vladimir GOZORA]; Alliance of the New Citizen or
ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Peter ZAJAC];
Free Forum [Zuzana MARTINAKOVA]; Mission 21 - New Christian
Democracy or MISIA 21 [Ivan SIMKO]; Movement for Democracy or HZD
[Jozef GRAPA]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL [Ladislav
KOZMON]; Prosperita Slovenska or PS [Frantisek A. ZVRSKOVEC]; Slovak
Communist Party or KSS [Jozef HRDLICKA]; Slovak People's Party or
SLS [Jozef SASIK]; Union of the Workers of Slovakia or ZRS [Jan
LUPTAK]

Slovenia
Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Katarina KRESAL]; New
Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK (acting)]; Slovenian Democratic
Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Democratic Party of Pensioners of
Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; Slovene National Party or SNS
[Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Bojan SROT];
Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Social Democrats or SD
[Borut PAHOR] (formerly ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor Golobic]

Solomon Islands
Association of Independent Members or AIM [Thomas
CHAN]; Christian Alliance Solomon Islands or CASI [Edward RONIA];
LAFARI Party [John GARO]; National Party [Francis HILLY]; People's
Alliance Party or PAP [Sir Allan KEMAKEZA]; Social Credit Party or
SOCRED [Manasseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon First Party [David
QUAN]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party [Gabriel SURI]; Solomon
Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; Solomon Islands
Liberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands Party for
Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [Sir
Peter KENILOREA]
note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid
coalitions

Somalia
none

South Africa
African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth
MESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress of
the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA
[Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER];
Independent Democrats or ID [Patricia DE LILLE]; Inkatha Freedom
Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC
[Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Lucas
MANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

Spain
Aragonese Party or CHA [Bizen FUSTER]; Basque Nationalist
Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLU]; Basque Solidarity or EA [Begona
ERRAZTI]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Jose Torres STINGA] (a coalition
of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro]
(a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC
[Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC
[Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a
Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV,
EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel QUINTANA
Gonzalez]; Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan SAURA i
Laporta]; Navarra yes or Na Bai [Uxue BARKOS Berruezo] (a coalition
of four Navarran parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey];
Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Joan RIDAO]; Spanish Socialist
Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO]; United Left or
IU [Cayo LARA] (a coalition of parties including the Communist Party
of Spain or PCE and other small parties)

Sri Lanka
All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [G.PONNAMBALAM]; Ceylon
Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP
[D. GUNASEKERA]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas
DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF
[Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Somawansa
AMARASINGHE]; Lanka Sama Samaja Party or LSSP [Tissa VITHARANA];
Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) or MEP [D.
GUNAWARDENE]; National Heritage Party or JHU [Ellawala METHANANDA];
National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF]; People's Liberation
Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [D. SIDHARTHAN]; Sri Lanka
Freedom Party or SLFP [Mahinda RAJAPAKSA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress
or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO
[Selvam ADAIKALANATHAN]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R.
SAMPANTHAN]; Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [V.
ANANDASANGAREE]; United National Party or UNP [Ranil
WICKREMASINGHE]; Up-country People's Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]

Sudan
National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Sudan
People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR]; and elements of
the National Democratic Alliance or NDA including factions of the
Democratic Union Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party;
Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]

Suriname
Alternative-1 or A-1 (a coalition of Amazone Party of
Suriname or APS [Kenneth VAN GENDEREN], Democrats of the 21st
Century or D-21 [Soewarto MOESTADJA], Nieuw Suriname or NS [Radjen
Nanan PANDAY], Political Wing of the FAL or PVF [Jiwan SITAL],
Trefpunt 2000 or T-2000 [Arti JESSURUN]); General Interior
Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK]; National Democratic
Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; New Front for Democracy and
Development or NF (a coalition that includes A-Combination or A-Com,
Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91, an independent,
business-oriented party [Winston JESSURUN], National Party Suriname
or NPS [Ronald VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP [Ramdien
SARDJOE], Pertjaja Luhur or PL [Salam Paul SOMOHARDJO], Surinamese
Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and
Development in Unity or DOE [Marten SCHALKWIJK]; People's Alliance
for Progress or VVV (a coalition of Democratic National Platform
2000 or DNP-2000 [Jules WIJDENBOSCH], Grassroots Party for Renewal
and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN], Party for National Unity and
Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], Party for
Progression, Justice, and Perseverance or PPRS [Renee KAIMAN],
Pendawalima or PL [Raymond SAPOEN]); Progressive Laborers and
Farmers Union or PALU [Jim HOK]; Progressive Political Party or PPP
[Surinder MUNGRA]; Seeka [Paul ABENA]; Union of Progressive
Surinamers or UPS [Sheoradj PANDAY]

Swaziland
the status of political parties, previously banned, is
unclear under the new (2006) Constitution and currently being
debated - the following are considered political associations;
African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA,
president]; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM; Ngwane National
Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's
United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]

Sweden
Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party
[Goran HAGGLUND]; Environment Party the Greens [no formal leader but
party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left
Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party
[Jan BJORKLUND]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT];
Social Democratic Party [Mona SAHLIN]

Switzerland
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti
Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I
Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ueli LEUENBERGER];
Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische
Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or
PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida
Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY];
Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der
Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio
Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Fulvio PELLI]; Social Democratic
Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti
Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida
Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT]; Swiss
People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union
Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC,
Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Toni BRUNNER]; and other minor
parties

Syria
legal parties: National Progressive Front or NPF [President
Bashar al-ASAD, Dr. Suleiman QADDAH] (includes Arab Socialist
Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD]; Socialist
Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Arab
Socialist Union or ASU [Safwan QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party (two
branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Syrian Social
Nationalist Party [Ali QANSU]; Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez
ISMAIL])
opposition parties not legally recognized: Arab Democratic Socialist
Union Party [Hasan Abdul AZIM]; Arab Socialist Movement; Democratic
Ba'th Party [Ibrahim MAHKOS]; National Democratic Front [Hasan Abdul
AZIM, spokesman] (includes five parties - Arab Democratic Socialist
Union Party [Hasan Abdul AZIM], Arab Socialist Movement, Democratic
Ba'th Party [Ibrahim MAHKOS], People's Democratic Party [Riad al
TURK], Revolutionary Workers' Party [Abdul Hafeez al HAFEZ]);
People's Democratic Party; Revolutionary Workers' Party [Abdul
Hafeez al HAFEZ]
Kurdish parties (considered illegal): Azadi Party [Kheirudin MURAD];
Future Party [Masha'l TAMMO]; Kurdish Democratic Alliance (includes
four parties); Kurdish Democratic Front (includes three parties);
Yekiti Party [Hasan SALEH, Fu'ad ALEYKO]
other parties: Nahda Party [Abdul Aziz al MISLET]; Syrian Democratic
Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]

Taiwan
Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [TSAI Ing-wen];
Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [WU Po-hsiung], MA Ying-jeou
elected in July 2009, takes office on 12 September 2009;
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or NPSU [LIN Pin-kuan]; People First
Party or PFP [James SOONG]

Tajikistan
Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV];
Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV (imprisoned October
2005); Rahmatullo VALIYEV, deputy]; Islamic Revival Party [Muhiddin
KABIRI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOEV]; People's
Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]; Social
Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or
SPT [Mirhuseyn NARZIEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi
SHABDOLOV]

Tanzania
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and
Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM
(Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or
CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA]
(unregistered); Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga
MREME]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]

Thailand
Chat Thai Phattana Party or CP (Thai Nation Development
Party) [CHUMPON Silpa-archa]; Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat
Party) [ABHISIT Wetchachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva];
Motherland Party (Phuea Phaendin Party) [CHANCHAI Chairungrueang];
Phuea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [CHAVALIT Yongchaiyudh];
Phumchai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PCT (Thai Pride) [CHAVARAT
Charnvirakul]; Royalist People's Party (Pracharaj) [SANOH
Thienthong]; Ruam Jai Thai Party (Thai Unity Party) [WANNARAT
Channukul]

Timor-Leste
Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; National
Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Xanana GUSMAO];
National Democratic Union of Timorese Resistance or UNDERTIM
[Cornelio DA Conceicao GAMA]; National Unity Party or PUN [Fernanda
BORGES]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER];
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Mari
ALKATIRI]; Social Democratic Association of Timor or ASDT [Francisco
Xavier do AMARAL]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Zacarias Albano
da COSTA]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors or KOTA [Manuel TILMAN]
(also known as Association of Timorese Heroes)

Togo
Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO];
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Democratic Party
for Renewal or PDR; Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the
Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Pan-African Patriotic
Convergence or CPP; Rally for the Support for Development and
Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or
RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for
Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union of Forces
for a Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]

Tokelau
none

Tonga
Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Uliti
UATA]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]

Trinidad and Tobago
Congress of the People [Winston DOOKERAN];
Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in
Tobago); Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Gerald YETMING]
(coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND); Movement for National Development or
MND [Garvin NICHOLAS]; National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR
[Dr. Carson CHARLES]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick
MANNING]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]

Tunisia
Al-Tajdid Movement [Ahmed IBRAHIM]; Constitutional
Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique)
or RCD (official ruling party) [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI];
Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties or FDTL [Mustapha Ben
JAFAAR]; Green Party for Progress or PVP [Mongi KHAMASSI]; Liberal
Social Party or PSL [Mondher THABET]; Movement of Socialist
Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP
[Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Maya JERIBI];
Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Ahmed INOUBLI]; note - the
Islamist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed

Turkey
Anavatan Partisi (Motherland Party) or Anavatan [Erkan
MUMCU]; note - True Path Party or DYP has merged with the Motherland
Party; Democratic Party or DP [Husamettin CINDORUK]; Democratic Left
Party or DSP [Masum TURKER]; Democratic Society Party or DTP [Ahmet
TURK]; Felicity Party or SP [Numan KURTULMUS] (sometimes translated
as Contentment Party); Freedom and Solidarity Party or ODP [Hayri
KOZANOGLU]; Grand Unity Party or BBP; note - Mushin YAZICIOGLU,
former leader of the Grand Unity Party was killed in an March 2009
helicopter crash; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip
ERDOGAN]; Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]
(sometimes translated as Nationalist Action Party); People's Rise
Party (Halkin Yukselisi Partisi) or HYP [Yasar Nuri OZTURK];
Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; Social Democratic
People's Party or SHP [Ugur CILASUN (acting)]; Young Party or GP
[Cem Cengiz UZAN]
note: the parties listed above are some of the more significant of
the 49 parties that Turkey had as of 31 January 2009

Turkmenistan
Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Gurbanguly
BERDIMUHAMEDOW]
note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small
opposition movements exist abroad; the three most prominent
opposition groups-in-exile are the National Democratic Movement of
Turkmenistan (NDMT), the Republican Party of Turkmenistan, and the
Watan (Fatherland) Party; the NDMT was led by former Foreign
Minister Boris SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the
wake of the 25 November 2002 attack on President NYYAZOW's motorcade

Turks and Caicos Islands
People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Floyd
SEYMOUR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]

Tuvalu
there are no political parties but members of parliament
usually align themselves in informal groupings

Uganda
Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or
DP [Kizito SSEBAANA]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Kizza
BESIGYE]; Justice Forum or JEEMA [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA];
National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Peoples
Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]; Ugandan People's Congress
or UPC [Miria OBOTE]
note: a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's
transition to a multi-party political system

Ukraine
Christian Democratic Union [Volodymyr STRETOVYCH]; Communist
Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; European Party of Ukraine
[Mykola KATERYNCHUK]; Fatherland Party (Batkivshchyna) [Yuliya
TYMOSHENKO]; Forward Ukraine! [Viktor MUSIYAKA]; Labor Party of
Ukraine [Mykola SYROTA]; Our Ukraine [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; Party of
Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; Party of the
Defenders of the Fatherland [Yuriy Karmazin]; People's Movement of
Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys TARASYUK]; People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN];
Peoples' Self-Defense [Yuriy LUTSENKO]; PORA! (It's Time!) party
[Vladyslav KASKIV]; Progressive Socialist Party [Natalya VITRENKO];
Reforms and Order Party [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Party of Regions [Viktor
YANUKOVYCH]; Sobor [Anatoliy MATVIYENKO]; Social Democratic Party
[Yevhen KORNICHUK]; Social Democratic Party (United) or SDPU(o)
[Yuriy ZAHORODNIY]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr
MOROZ]; Ukrainian People's Party [Yuriy KOSTENKO]; United Center
[Ihor Krill]; Viche [Inna BOHOSLOVSKA]

United Arab Emirates
none; political parties are not allowed

United Kingdom
Conservative [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist
Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Peter ROBINSON]; Labor Party
[Gordon BROWN]; Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Nick CLEGG]; Party of
Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn JONES]; Scottish National Party or
SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS];
Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Mark
DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg EMPEY]

United States
Democratic Party [Timothy KAINE]; Green Party;
Libertarian Party [William (Bill) REDPATH]; Republican Party
[Michael STEELE]

Uruguay
Broad Front (Frente Amplio) - formerly known as the
Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or EP-FA [Jorge
BROVETTO] (a broad governing coalition that includes Movement of the
Popular Participation or MPP [Jose MUJICA], New Space Party (Nuevo
Espacio) [Rafael MICHELINI], Progressive Alliance (Alianza
Progresista) [Rodolfo NIN NOVOA], Socialist Party [Eduardo
FERNANDEZ], the Communist Party [Marina ARISMENDI], Uruguayan
Assembly (Asamblea Uruguay) [Danilo ASTORI], and Vertiente
Artiguista [Mariano ARANA]); Colorado Party (Foro Batllista) [Julio
Maria SANGUINETTI]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE
and Jorge LARRANAGA]

Uzbekistan
Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Dilorom
TOSHMUHAMEDOVA]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milliy
Tiklanish) or MTP [Hurshid DOSMUHAMMEDOV]; Fidokorlar National
Democratic Party (Self-Sacrificers) [Ahtam TURSUNOV]; Liberal
Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or LDPU [Adham SHADMANOV; People's
Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Asliddin
RUSTAMOV]

Vanuatu
Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES]; Jon Frum
Movement or JF [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP
[Barak SOPE]; Nagriamel movement or NAG [Havo MOLI]; Namangi Aute or
NA [Paul TELUKLUK]; National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI];
People's Action Party or PAP [Peter VUTA]; People's Progressive
Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN]; Shepherds Alliance Party [leader NA];
Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanuatu Family First
Party or VFFP [Eta RORI]; Vanuatu Labor Party or VLP [Joshua
KALSAKAU]; Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU];
Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu
Republican Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Vanuatu Republican
Farmers Party or VPRFP [Jean RAVOU]

Venezuela
A New Time or UNT [Manuel ROSALES]; Christian Democrats or
COPEI [Cesar PEREZ Vivas]; Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV
[Jeronimo CARRERA]; Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS Allup];
Fatherland for All or PPT [Jose ALBORNOZ]; Justice First [Julio
BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; United
Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Venezuela
Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]; We Can or PODEMOS [Ismael
GARCIA]

Vietnam
Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong Duc MANH]; other
parties proscribed

Virgin Islands
Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent
Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary
SPRAUVE]

Wallis and Futuna
Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians); Mouvement des Radicaux
de Gauche or MRG; Rally for the Republic or RPR (UMP) [Clovis
LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Socialist Party or PS; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni
UHILA]; Union Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la
Democratie Francaise or UDF

Yemen
General People's Congress or GPC [Abdul-Kader BAJAMMAL];
Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Mohammed Abdullah AL-YADOUMI
(acting)]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdal Malik al-MAKHLAFI];
National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Dr. Qasim SALAM]; Yemeni
Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]; note - there are at least
seven more active political parties

Zambia
Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI];
Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty
Democracy or MMD [vacant]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA];
Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE];
Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA (a
coalition of RP, ZADECO, PUDD, and ZRP); United Liberal Party or ULP
[Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP
[Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND
[Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton
SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]

Zimbabwe
African National Party or ANP [Egypt DZINEMUNHENZVA];
Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Movement
for Democratic Change - Mutambara or MDC-M [splinter faction under
Arthur MUTAMBARA]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United
Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel
SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga
[Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or
ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or
ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA

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Field Listing :: Population