Chapter XC: Section 3: , Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: 886 (2) 2162-2000, FAX (25)

Niue
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (2001)

Norfolk Island
total: 80 km
paved: 53 km
unpaved: 27 km (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands
total: 362 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1991)

Norway
total: 91,852 km
paved: 71,185 km (including 178 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20,667 km (2002)

Oman
total: 34,965 km
paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)

Pakistan
total: 257,683 km
paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)

Palau
total: 61 km
paved: 36 km
unpaved: 25 km

Palmyra Atoll
most of the roads and many causeways built during
World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)

Panama
total: 11,643 km
paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea
total: 19,600 km
paved: 686 km
unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)

Paraguay
total: 29,500 km
paved: 14,986 km
unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)

Peru
total: 78,230 km
paved: 10,452 km
unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)

Philippines
total: 202,124 km
paved: 19,202 km
unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)

Pitcairn Islands
total: 6.4 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 6.4 km

Poland
total: 364,697 km
paved: 249,088 km (including 399 km of expressways)
unpaved: 115,609 km (2001)

Portugal
total: 17,135 km
paved: 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,399 km (2002)

Puerto Rico
total: 25,328 km
paved: 23,665 km (including 426 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,363 km (2004)

Qatar
total: 1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)

Reunion
total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)

Romania
total: 198,755 km
paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways)
unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)

Russia
total: 537,289 km
paved: 362,133 km
unpaved: 175,156 km (2001)

Rwanda
total: 12,000 km
paved: 996 km
unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)

Saint Helena
total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km,
Tristan da Cunha 20 km)
paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km)
unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km) (2000)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 320 km
paved: 136 km
unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)

Saint Lucia
total: 1,210 km
paved: 63 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 114 km
paved: 69 km
unpaved: 45 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 829 km
paved: 580 km
unpaved: 249 km (2002)

Samoa
total: 790 km
paved: 332 km
unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)

San Marino
total: 220 km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe
total: 320 km
paved: 218 km
unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)

Saudi Arabia
total: 152,044 km
paved: 45,461 km
unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)

Senegal
total: 14,576 km
paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways
unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)

Serbia and Montenegro
total: 45,290 km
paved: 28,261 km (including 374 km of expressways)
unpaved: 17,029 km (2002)

Seychelles
total: 373 km
paved: 315 km
unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)

Sierra Leone
total: 11,300 km
paved: 904 km
unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)

Singapore
total: 3,130 km
paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Slovakia
total: 42,970 km
paved: 37,698 km (including 302 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,272 km (2002)

Slovenia
total: 20,250 km
paved: 20,250 km (including 456 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Solomon Islands
total: 1,360 km
paved: 34 km
unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)

Somalia
total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km
unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)

South Africa
total: 275,971 km
paved: 57,568 km (including 2,032 km of expressways)
unpaved: 218,403 km (2002)

Spain
total: 664,852 km
paved: 658,203 km (including 11,152 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,649 km (2001)

Sri Lanka
total: 11,650 km
paved: 11,068 km
unpaved: 582 km (2002)

Sudan
total: 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)

Suriname
total: 4,492 km
paved: 1,168 km
unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)

Svalbard
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km

Swaziland
total: 3,107 km
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (2000)

Sweden
total: 213,237 km
paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways)
unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)

Switzerland
total: 71,212 km
paved: 71,212 km (including 1,706 of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Syria
total: 45,697 km
paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways)
unpaved: 39,208 km (2002)

Taiwan
total: 37,299 km
paved: 35,621 km (including 608 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)

Tajikistan
total: 27,767 km
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (2000)

Tanzania
total: 88,200 km
paved: 3,704 km
unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)

Thailand
total: 57,403 km
paved: 56,542 km
unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)

Togo
total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)

Tokelau
total: NA
paved: NA
unpaved: NA

Tonga
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)

Tunisia
total: 18,997 km
paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)

Turkey
total: 354,421 km
paved: 147,404 km (including 1,851 km of expressways)
unpaved: 207,017 km (2002)

Turkmenistan
total: 24,000 km
paved: 19,488 km
unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2000)

Tuvalu
total: 8 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)

Uganda
total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,809 km
unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)

Ukraine
total: 169,679 km
paved: 164,249 km
unpaved: 5,430 km (2002)

United Arab Emirates
total: 1,088 km
paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

United Kingdom
total: 392,931 km
paved: 392,931 km (including 3,431 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2003)

United States
total: 6,393,603 km
paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003)

Uruguay
total: 8,983 km
paved: 8,081 km
unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan
total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km
unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)

Vanuatu
total: 1,070 km
paved: 256 km
unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)

Venezuela
total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)

Vietnam
total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km
unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)

Virgin Islands
total: 1,257 km
paved: 1,192 km
unpaved: 65 km
note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the
road is practiced (2003)

Wallis and Futuna
total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea)
unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)

West Bank
total: 4,500 km
paved: 2,700 km
unpaved: 1,800 km
note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish
settlements (1997 est.)

Western Sahara
total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km
unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)

World
total: 32,345,165 km
paved: 19,403,061 km
unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)

Yemen
total: 67,000 km
paved: 7,705 km
unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)

Zambia
total: 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)

Zimbabwe
total: 18,338 km
paved: 8,692 km
unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2086 Illicit drugs

Afghanistan
world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium
poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004;
counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production
of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons
if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many
narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source
of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade;
80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium;
vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial
networks

Albania
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for
Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production;
ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding
in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional
trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens

Angola
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for
Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an
offshore financial center

Argentina
used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for
Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the
Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is
increasing

Armenia
illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic
consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly
opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe

Aruba
transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some
accompanying money-laundering activity

Australia
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;
transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe

Bahamas, The
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
US and Europe; offshore financial center

Bangladesh
transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring
countries

Barbados
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center

Belarus
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and
lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering
legislation does not meet international standards; few
investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

Belgium
growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for
US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American
cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,
hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a
strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to
money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and
tobacco

Belize
major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit
producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and
offshore sector

Benin
transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian
trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western
Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly
regulated financial infrastructure

Bolivia
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and
Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June
2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and
cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop
programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace
with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering
activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders
with Brazil and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate
trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to
money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and
unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption

Brazil
illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the
Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a
large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important
transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine
headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way
station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia;
upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important
market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit
narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the
financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the
Tri-Border Area

British Virgin Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial
center makes it vulnerable to money laundering

Brunei
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty

Bulgaria
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money
laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions

Burma
remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium
(estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003
due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900
hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and
ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious
commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall
antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for
regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force
countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate
money-laundering controls (2005)

Cambodia
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in
the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium,
heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for
the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its
cash-based economy and porous borders

Canada
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and
export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant
large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point
for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to
narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services
sector

Cape Verde
used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving
from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of
a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

Cayman Islands
offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug
transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile
important transshipment country for cocaine destined for
Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have
made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug
profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new
anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for
chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia
illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was
144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of
opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons;
potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the
world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier
of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority
of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier
of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a
significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either
laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso
exchange

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
illicit producer of cannabis,
mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and
inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money
laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the
country's utility as a money-laundering center

Costa Rica
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;
domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising

Cote d'Ivoire
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American
cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant
corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial
system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering
center

Croatia
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for
maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
primarily for marijuana bound for North America; established the
death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and
container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of
anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to
money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting
of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in
offshore sector remains weak

Czech Republic
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe;
producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets;
susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,
organized crime

Dominica
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement
is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money
laundering

Dominican Republic
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada;
substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics
traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial
transactions

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
significant transit country for cocaine originating in
Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in
production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for
cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of
dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially
vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the
northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents

Egypt
transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin
and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for
Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax
financial regulations and enforcement

El Salvador
transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of
marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on
the rise

Estonia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest
Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to
Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western
Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem;
possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a
concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

Ethiopia
Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as
cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat
(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti
and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

France
transshipment point for and consumer of South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana
small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption;
minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic
drugs; major financial center

Ghana
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a
lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the
US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a
well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility
as a money-laundering center

Greece
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug
trafficking and organized crime

Grenada
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point
for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala
major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor
producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic
consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging
area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a
serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial
Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for
continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering
control regime

Guyana
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis

Haiti
major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to
the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian
narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial
transactions; pervasive corruption

Honduras
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some
money-laundering activity

Hong Kong
makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces
difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and
methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system
provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of
synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Hungary
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis
and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited
producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and
methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

India
world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical
trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit
international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics
produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone;
vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

Indonesia
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle
heroin

Iran
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to
official Iranian statistics there are at least two million drug
users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations

Ireland
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money
laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies
involving the offshore financial community remains a concern

Israel
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan;
money-laundering center

Italy
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money
laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

Jamaica
major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to
North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering
activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit
financial transactions

Kazakhstan
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS
markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra
(for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit
crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia
and the rest of Europe

Kenya
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa;
significant potential for money-laundering activity given the
country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption,
and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

Korea, North
for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of
the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of
them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad
while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December
2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan
have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and
methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant
ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003;
all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important
regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan,
the Russian Far East, and China

Kyrgyzstan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy
for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops;
transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the
rest of Europe

Laos
estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease
from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons,
a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)

Latvia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American
cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable
to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent
enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of
offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime
(including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and
prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds

Lebanon
cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares
in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin
American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way
to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption

Liberia
transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin
and South American cocaine for the European and US markets;
corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade
provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
major money-laundering center

Liechtenstein
has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money
laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated
offshore financial services sector

Lithuania
transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs
from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western
Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and
ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking
legislation

Macedonia
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic
and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a
mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or
prosecutions for money laundering to date)

Madagascar
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin

Malaysia
transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking
prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe

Martinique
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe

Mauritius
minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from
South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally;
significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money
laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the
government appears generally to be committed to regulating its
banking industry

Mexico
illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 -
4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of
cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts
have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of
heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine
to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for
US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent
of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug
syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the
country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant
money-laundering center

Moldova
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe

Morocco
illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly
directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South
America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique
Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish
and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the
European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local
consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa);
corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed
financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

Nauru
offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action
Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for
continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering
control regime

Nepal
illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West

Netherlands
major European producer of ecstasy, illicit
amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for
cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of
US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money
laundering

Netherlands Antilles
transshipment point for South American drugs
bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Nicaragua
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for
European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for
Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major
money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity;
remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and
Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in
money-laundering control regime

Pakistan
opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas,
North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded
since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan
drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for
Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes
related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling
remain problems

Panama
major cocaine transshipment point and primary
money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering
activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore
financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring
of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains
a major problem

Paraguay
major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for
Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets,
Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity,
especially in the Tri-Border Area

Peru
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging
opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to
31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the
cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into
cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to
the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and
finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa

Philippines
exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine
production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task
Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued
failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Poland
major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the
international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin
American illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal
gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest
Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil);
transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe;
consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant
financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable
to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange
houses, and casinos

Russia
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American
cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent
Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source
of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are
key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market

Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation

Saudi Arabia
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption
of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering
center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation

Senegal
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin
and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;
illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia and Montenegro
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to
money laundering

Singapore
as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money
laundering

Slovakia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

Slovenia
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana,
and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market
for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India
through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of
marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the
increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the
region

Spain
key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American
cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market;
destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin; money-laundering site for European earnings of Colombian
narcotics trafficking organizations

Suriname
growing transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for
arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland
a major international financial center vulnerable to the
layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite
significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules
persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through
offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria
a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and
Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank
privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering

Taiwan
regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major
problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;
renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem

Tajikistan
major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for
Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited
illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;
Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in
Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates
(heroin and raw opium)

Tanzania
growing role in transshipment of southwest and southeast
Asian heroin and south American cocaine destined for south African,
European, and US markets and of south Asian methaqualone bound for
southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit
transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing
indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Togo
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money
laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey
as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over
areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate

Turkmenistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor
chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the
West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment
point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin
America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and
Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering
regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates
the UAE is a drug transshipment point for
traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing
countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it
vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving

United Kingdom
producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and
synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;
money-laundering center

United States
consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through
Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and
increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality
Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana,
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine;
money-laundering center

Uzbekistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for
domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by
government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin
precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the
processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country
from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related
money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia
and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily
targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by
Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam
minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point
for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine
addiction problems

World
cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450
hectares - almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia;
potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric
tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca
eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376
metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been
seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or
destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to
have been 800 metric tons
opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944
hectares in 2003 - mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia - with 44%
in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium,
which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric
tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken
in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and
Vietnam

Zambia
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and
possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled
with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it
an unattractive venue for money launderers

Zimbabwe
transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin,
mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and
European markets

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2087 Imports

Afghanistan
$3.759 billion (FY03-04)

Albania
$2.076 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Algeria
$15.25 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

American Samoa
$123 million (2002)

Andorra
$1.077 billion (1998)

Angola
$4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Anguilla
$80.9 million (1999)

Antigua and Barbuda
$692 million (2002 est.)

Argentina
$22.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Armenia
$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Aruba
$841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Australia
$98.1 billion (2004 est.)

Austria
$101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan
$3.622 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The
$1.63 billion (2003)

Bahrain
$5.87 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh
$10.03 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados
$1.039 billion (2002)

Belarus
$13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Belgium
$235 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belize
$579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Benin
$934.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bermuda
$5.523 billion (2002)

Bhutan
$196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)

Bolivia
$1.595 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$5.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Botswana
$2.255 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Brazil
$61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands
$187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei
$5.2 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Bulgaria
$12.23 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso
$866.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burma
$1.754 billion f.o.b.
note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of
consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from
Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004 est.)

Burundi
$138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cambodia
$3.129 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cameroon
$1.979 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Canada
$256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cape Verde
$387.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cayman Islands
$457.4 million (1999)

Central African Republic
$136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Chad
$500.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Chile
$22.53 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

China
$552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
$15.34 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Comoros
$88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
$749.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cook Islands
$50.7 million (2000)

Costa Rica
$7.842 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
$3.36 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Croatia
$16.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cuba
$5.296 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: $5.258 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus:
$415.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Czech Republic
$68.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Denmark
$63.45 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Djibouti
$665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Dominica
$98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic
$8.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

East Timor
$167 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador
$7.65 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt
$19.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

El Salvador
$5.968 billion (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
$1.167 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Eritrea
$622 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Estonia
$7.318 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ethiopia
$2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

European Union
$1.123 trillion
note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade (2003)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$53 million (2002)

Faroe Islands
$466 million c.i.f. (2002)

Fiji
$835 million c.i.f. (2002)

Finland
$45.17 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

France
$419.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

French Guiana
$625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia
$1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Gabon
$1.225 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gambia, The
$180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gaza Strip
$1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)

Georgia
$1.806 billion (2004 est.)

Germany
$716.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ghana
$3.699 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gibraltar
$1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Greece
$54.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Greenland
$445 million c.i.f. (2002)

Grenada
$208 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe
$1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Guam
$462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala
$7.77 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guernsey
$NA

Guinea
$641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
$104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana
$650.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Haiti
$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Honduras
$3.332 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Hong Kong
$275.9 billion (2004 est.)

Hungary
$58.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iceland
$3.307 billion (2004 est.)

India
$89.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Indonesia
$45.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iran
$31.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iraq
$9.9 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ireland
$60.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Israel
$36.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Italy
$329.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jamaica
$3.624 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan
$401.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jersey
$NA

Jordan
$7.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan
$13.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kenya
$4.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kiribati
$83 million c.i.f. (2002)

Korea, North
$2.1 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Korea, South
$214.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kuwait
$11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
$775.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Laos
$579.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Latvia
$5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lebanon
$8.162 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lesotho
$730.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liberia
$5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya
$7.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein
$917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania
$11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Luxembourg
$16.3 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macau
$2.76 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macedonia
$2.677 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Madagascar
$1.147 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malawi
$521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malaysia
$99.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Maldives
$392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali
$927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta
$3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of
$NA

Marshall Islands
$54 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique
$2 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Mauritania
$860 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius
$2.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mayotte
$141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico
$190.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
$149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova
$1.83 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Monaco
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France

Mongolia
$1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Montserrat
$17 million (2001)

Morocco
$15.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mozambique
$972.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Namibia
$1.473 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nauru
$19.8 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Nepal
$1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Netherlands
$252.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
$2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia
$1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand
$19.77 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua
$2.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niger
$400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria
$17.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niue
$2.38 million (1999)

Norfolk Island
$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands
NA

Norway
$45.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Oman
$6.373 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pakistan
$14.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Palau
$99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama
$7.164 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004
est.)

Papua New Guinea
$1.353 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Paraguay
$3.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Peru
$9.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Philippines
$37.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
$81.61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Portugal
$52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico
$29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar
$6.15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Reunion
$2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Romania
$28.43 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Russia
$92.91 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda
$260 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Helena
$42 million c.i.f. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
$195 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia
$267 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$106 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$174 million (2002 est.)

Samoa
$113 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe
$41 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia
$36.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Senegal
$2.128 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro
$9.538 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Seychelles
$393.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone
$264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore
$155.2 billion (2004 est.)

Slovakia
$29.67 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovenia
$16.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands
$67 million f.o.b. (2003)

Somalia
$344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa
$39.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Spain
$222 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka
$7.265 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sudan
$3.496 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Suriname
$604 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard
$NA

Swaziland
$1.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sweden
$97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Switzerland
$121.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Syria
$5.042 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Taiwan
$165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tajikistan
$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tanzania
$1.972 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Thailand
$80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Togo
$824.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tokelau
$323,000 c.i.f. (1983)

Tonga
$86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
$4.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tunisia
$11.52 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkey
$94.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan
$2.85 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
$175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu
$79 million c.i.f. (2002)

Uganda
$1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ukraine
$31.45 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates
$45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United Kingdom
$439.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United States
$1.476 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Uruguay
$2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003)

Uzbekistan
$2.82 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vanuatu
$138 million c.i.f. (2002)

Venezuela
$14.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vietnam
$26.31 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands
NA

Wallis and Futuna
$300,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank
$1.5 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip (2002)

Western Sahara
NA

World
$8.754 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Yemen
$3.734 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zambia
$1.519 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe
$1.599 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2088 Independence

Afghanistan
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)

Albania
28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Algeria
5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa
none (territory of the US)

Andorra
1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French
count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)

Angola
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina
9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria
1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic
proclaimed)

Azerbaijan
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain
15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados
30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium
4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares
independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I
ascends to the throne)

Belize
21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin
1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan
8 August 1949 (from India)

Bolivia
6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for
independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3
March 1992)

Botswana
30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei
1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the
Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the
Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso
5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma
4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)

Cambodia
9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada
1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11
December 1931 (independence recognized)

Cape Verde
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic
13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad
11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile
18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January
1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949
(People's Republic established)

Christmas Island
none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none (territory of Australia)

Colombia
20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros
6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the
15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire
7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba
20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the
US from 1898 to 1902)

Cyprus
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these
proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica
3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

East Timor
28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence
from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of
international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia

Ecuador
24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt
28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea
12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia
20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union
7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed
establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered
into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji
10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland
6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France
486 (unified by Clovis)

French Guiana
none (overseas department of France)

French Polynesia
none (overseas lands of France)

Gabon
17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The
18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991

Ghana
6 March 1957 (from UK)

Gibraltar
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Greece
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Greenland
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is
the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates
in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Grenada
7 February 1974 (from UK)

Guadeloupe
none (overseas department of France)

Guam
none (territory of the US)

Guatemala
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Guernsey
none (British crown dependency)

Guinea
2 October 1958 (from France)

Guinea-Bissau
24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by
Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)

Guyana
26 May 1966 (from UK)

Haiti
1 January 1804 (from France)

Holy See (Vatican City)
11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the
three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged,
among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and
established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal
States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may
be traced back to the 8th century

Honduras
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Hong Kong
none (special administrative region of China)