Chapter LXXXI: Section 3: , Taipei, Taiwan, telephone: 886 (2) 2162-2000, FAX (16)

Svalbard
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool
summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and
north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most
of the year

Swaziland
varies from tropical to near temperate

Sweden
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly
cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Switzerland
temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy,
rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with
occasional showers

Syria
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and
mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather
with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus

Taiwan
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June
to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year

Tajikistan
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters;
semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Tanzania
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Thailand
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to
September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March);
southern isthmus always hot and humid

Togo
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Tokelau
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)

Tonga
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to
May), cool season (May to December)

Trinidad and Tobago
tropical; rainy season (June to December)

Tromelin Island
tropical

Tunisia
temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry
summers; desert in south

Turkey
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher
in interior

Turkmenistan
subtropical desert

Turks and Caicos Islands
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds;
sunny and relatively dry

Tuvalu
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to
November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

Uganda
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Ukraine
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern
Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest
in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from
cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm
across the greater part of the country, hot in the south

United Arab Emirates
desert; cooler in eastern mountains

United Kingdom
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds
over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are
overcast

United States
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida,
arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the
Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low
winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in
January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes
of the Rocky Mountains

Uruguay
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Uzbekistan
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild
winters; semiarid grassland in east

Vanuatu
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to
October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected
by cyclones from December to April

Venezuela
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Vietnam
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season
(mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to
mid-March)

Virgin Islands
subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds,
relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation;
rainy season September to November

Wake Island
tropical

Wallis and Futuna
tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April);
cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year
(80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C

West Bank
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with
altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters

Western Sahara
hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air
currents produce fog and heavy dew

World
two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather
narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to
subtropical climates

Yemen
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in
western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot,
dry, harsh desert in east

Zambia
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to
April)

Zimbabwe
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to
March)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2060 Coastline (km)

Afghanistan
0 km (landlocked)

Akrotiri
56.3 km

Albania
362 km

Algeria
998 km

American Samoa
116 km

Andorra
0 km (landlocked)

Angola
1,600 km

Anguilla
61 km

Antarctica
17,968 km

Antigua and Barbuda
153 km

Arctic Ocean
45,389 km

Argentina
4,989 km

Armenia
0 km (landlocked)

Aruba
68.5 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
74.1 km

Atlantic Ocean
111,866 km

Australia
25,760 km

Austria
0 km (landlocked)

Azerbaijan
0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian
Sea (800 km, est.)

Bahamas, The
3,542 km

Bahrain
161 km

Baker Island
4.8 km

Bangladesh
580 km

Barbados
97 km

Bassas da India
35.2 km

Belarus
0 km (landlocked)

Belgium
66.5 km

Belize
386 km

Benin
121 km

Bermuda
103 km

Bhutan
0 km (landlocked)

Bolivia
0 km (landlocked)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
20 km

Botswana
0 km (landlocked)

Bouvet Island
29.6 km

Brazil
7,491 km

British Indian Ocean Territory
698 km

British Virgin Islands
80 km

Brunei
161 km

Bulgaria
354 km

Burkina Faso
0 km (landlocked)

Burma
1,930 km

Burundi
0 km (landlocked)

Cambodia
443 km

Cameroon
402 km

Canada
202,080 km

Cape Verde
965 km

Cayman Islands
160 km

Central African Republic
0 km (landlocked)

Chad
0 km (landlocked)

Chile
6,435 km

China
14,500 km

Christmas Island
138.9 km

Clipperton Island
11.1 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
26 km

Colombia
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448
km)

Comoros
340 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
37 km

Congo, Republic of the
169 km

Cook Islands
120 km

Coral Sea Islands
3,095 km

Costa Rica
1,290 km

Cote d'Ivoire
515 km

Croatia
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Cuba
3,735 km

Cyprus
648 km

Czech Republic
0 km (landlocked)

Denmark
7,314 km

Dhekelia
27.5 km

Djibouti
314 km

Dominica
148 km

Dominican Republic
1,288 km

East Timor
706 km

Ecuador
2,237 km

Egypt
2,450 km

El Salvador
307 km

Equatorial Guinea
296 km

Eritrea
2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red
Sea 1,083 km

Estonia
3,794 km

Ethiopia
0 km (landlocked)

Europa Island
22.2 km

European Union
65,413.9 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,288 km

Faroe Islands
1,117 km

Fiji
1,129 km

Finland
1,250 km

France
3,427 km

French Guiana
378 km

French Polynesia
2,525 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1,232 km

Gabon
885 km

Gambia, The
80 km

Gaza Strip
40 km

Georgia
310 km

Germany
2,389 km

Ghana
539 km

Gibraltar
12 km

Glorioso Islands
35.2 km

Greece
13,676 km

Greenland
44,087 km

Grenada
121 km

Guadeloupe
306 km

Guam
125.5 km

Guatemala
400 km

Guernsey
50 km

Guinea
320 km

Guinea-Bissau
350 km

Guyana
459 km

Haiti
1,771 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
101.9 km

Holy See (Vatican City)
0 km (landlocked)

Honduras
820 km

Hong Kong
733 km

Howland Island
6.4 km

Hungary
0 km (landlocked)

Iceland
4,988 km

India
7,000 km

Indian Ocean
66,526 km

Indonesia
54,716 km

Iran
2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)

Iraq
58 km

Ireland
1,448 km

Israel
273 km

Italy
7,600 km

Jamaica
1,022 km

Jan Mayen
124.1 km

Japan
29,751 km

Jarvis Island
8 km

Jersey
70 km

Johnston Atoll
34 km

Jordan
26 km

Juan de Nova Island
24.1 km

Kazakhstan
0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral
Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian
Sea (1,894 km)

Kenya
536 km

Kingman Reef
3 km

Kiribati
1,143 km

Korea, North
2,495 km

Korea, South
2,413 km

Kuwait
499 km

Kyrgyzstan
0 km (landlocked)

Laos
0 km (landlocked)

Latvia
531 km

Lebanon
225 km

Lesotho
0 km (landlocked)

Liberia
579 km

Libya
1,770 km

Liechtenstein
0 km (doubly landlocked)

Lithuania
99 km

Luxembourg
0 km (landlocked)

Macau
41 km

Macedonia
0 km (landlocked)

Madagascar
4,828 km

Malawi
0 km (landlocked)

Malaysia
4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607
km)

Maldives
644 km

Mali
0 km (landlocked)

Malta
196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Man, Isle of
160 km

Marshall Islands
370.4 km

Martinique
350 km

Mauritania
754 km

Mauritius
177 km

Mayotte
185.2 km

Mexico
9,330 km

Micronesia, Federated States of
6,112 km

Midway Islands
15 km

Moldova
0 km (landlocked)

Monaco
4.1 km

Mongolia
0 km (landlocked)

Montserrat
40 km

Morocco
1,835 km

Mozambique
2,470 km

Namibia
1,572 km

Nauru
30 km

Navassa Island
8 km

Nepal
0 km (landlocked)

Netherlands
451 km

Netherlands Antilles
364 km

New Caledonia
2,254 km

New Zealand
15,134 km

Nicaragua
910 km

Niger
0 km (landlocked)

Nigeria
853 km

Niue
64 km

Norfolk Island
32 km

Northern Mariana Islands
1,482 km

Norway
25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long
fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km;
length of island coastlines 58,133 km)

Oman
2,092 km

Pacific Ocean
135,663 km

Pakistan
1,046 km

Palau
1,519 km

Palmyra Atoll
14.5 km

Panama
2,490 km

Papua New Guinea
5,152 km

Paracel Islands
518 km

Paraguay
0 km (landlocked)

Peru
2,414 km

Philippines
36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands
51 km

Poland
491 km

Portugal
1,793 km

Puerto Rico
501 km

Qatar
563 km

Reunion
207 km

Romania
225 km

Russia
37,653 km

Rwanda
0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena
60 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis
135 km

Saint Lucia
158 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
84 km

Samoa
403 km

San Marino
0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe
209 km

Saudi Arabia
2,640 km

Senegal
531 km

Serbia and Montenegro
199 km

Seychelles
491 km

Sierra Leone
402 km

Singapore
193 km

Slovakia
0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia
46.6 km

Solomon Islands
5,313 km

Somalia
3,025 km

South Africa
2,798 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
NA km

Southern Ocean
17,968 km

Spain
4,964 km

Spratly Islands
926 km

Sri Lanka
1,340 km

Sudan
853 km

Suriname
386 km

Svalbard
3,587 km

Swaziland
0 km (landlocked)

Sweden
3,218 km

Switzerland
0 km (landlocked)

Syria
193 km

Taiwan
1,566.3 km

Tajikistan
0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania
1,424 km

Thailand
3,219 km

Togo
56 km

Tokelau
101 km

Tonga
419 km

Trinidad and Tobago
362 km

Tromelin Island
3.7 km

Tunisia
1,148 km

Turkey
7,200 km

Turkmenistan
0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea
(1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands
389 km

Tuvalu
24 km

Uganda
0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine
2,782 km

United Arab Emirates
1,318 km

United Kingdom
12,429 km

United States
19,924 km

Uruguay
660 km

Uzbekistan
0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the
southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu
2,528 km

Venezuela
2,800 km

Vietnam
3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands
188 km

Wake Island
19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna
129 km

West Bank
0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara
1,110 km

World
356,000 km
note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other
countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island,
British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde,
Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus,
Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe
Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic
Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard
Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Jamaica, Jan
Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova
Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Isle of
Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated
States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa
Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines,
Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,
Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen
1,906 km

Zambia
0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe
0 km (landlocked)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2061 Imports - partners (%)

Afghanistan
Pakistan 25.5%, US 8.7%, India 8.5%, Germany 6.5%,
Turkmenistan 5.3%, Kenya 4.7%, South Korea 4.2%, Russia 4.2% (2004)

Albania
Italy 34.8%, Greece 19.8%, Turkey 7.7%, Germany 5.3% (2004)

Algeria
France 30.3%, Italy 8.2%, Germany 6.5%, Spain 5.5%, US 5.2%,
China 5.1%, Turkey 4.3% (2004)

American Samoa
Japan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%,
Australia 8.9% (2004)

Andorra
Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)

Angola
South Korea 28.3%, Portugal 13.1%, US 9.3%, South Africa
7.4%, Brazil 5.6%, Japan 4.8%, France 4.4% (2004)

Anguilla
US, Puerto Rico, UK (2000)

Antigua and Barbuda
China 19.5%, US 18.7%, Singapore 14.8%, Poland
8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2004)

Argentina
Brazil 36.2%, US 16.6%, Germany 5.7%, China 4.3% (2004)

Armenia
Russia 11.3%, Belgium 10.1%, Israel 8.4%, US 7.6%, Iran
7.1%, UAE 6.1%, Ukraine 5.9%, Italy 5.5%, Germany 5.2%, Georgia
4.6%, France 4.5% (2004)

Aruba
US 55.5%, Netherlands 14.1%, Venezuela 3.3% (2004)

Australia
US 14.8%, China 12.7%, Japan 11.8%, Germany 5.8%,
Singapore 4.4%, UK 4.1% (2004)

Austria
Germany 46.3%, Italy 6.8%, Switzerland 4.3% (2004)

Azerbaijan
Russia 16.1%, UK 12.5%, Turkey 10.5%, Germany 7.8%,
Ukraine 5.6%, Netherlands 4.9%, US 4.1%, Italy 4% (2004)

Bahamas, The
US 22.4%, South Korea 18.9%, Brazil 9.2%, Japan 7.9%,
Italy 7.8%, Venezuela 6.6% (2004)

Bahrain
Saudi Arabia 32.4%, Japan 7.3%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.6%, UK
5.4%, France 4.8% (2004)

Bangladesh
India 15.1%, China 12.5%, Singapore 7.5%, Kuwait 5.5%,
Japan 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2004)

Barbados
US 35.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 20%, UK 5.6%, Japan 4.3%
(2004)

Belarus
Russia 68.2%, Germany 6.6%, Ukraine 3.3% (2004)

Belgium
Germany 18.4%, Netherlands 17%, France 12.5%, UK 6.8%,
Ireland 6.3%, US 5.5% (2004)

Belize
US 30.1%, Mexico 12%, Guatemala 7.4%, Cuba 7.2%, China 4.2%,
Japan 4.1% (2004)

Benin
China 32.2%, France 13%, Thailand 6.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.3%
(2004)

Bermuda
Kazakhstan 39.2%, France 16.2%, Japan 13.1%, Italy 9.2%,
South Korea 8.8%, US 6.4% (2004)

Bhutan
Germany 65.4%, Japan 14.3%, Austria 6.8%, UK 4.5% (2004)

Bolivia
Brazil 29.7%, Argentina 17.6%, US 10.8%, Chile 7.7%, Peru
7.3% (2004)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia 23.8%, Slovenia 15.8%, Germany 14.8%,
Italy 11.4%, Austria 6.6%, Hungary 6.1% (2004)

Botswana
Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%,
Zimbabwe 4% (2000)

Brazil
US 18.3%, Argentina 8.9%, Germany 8.1%, China 5.9%, Nigeria
5.6%, Japan 4.6% (2004)

British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US

Brunei
Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)

Bulgaria
Germany 15.1%, Italy 10.2%, Russia 7.9%, Greece 7.5%,
Turkey 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)

Burkina Faso
France 29.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 16%, Togo 9.8% (2004)

Burma
China 29.8%, Singapore 20.8%, Thailand 19.3%, South Korea
5.2%, Malaysia 4.8% (2004)

Burundi
Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France
8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)

Cambodia
Thailand 22.5%, Hong Kong 14.1%, China 13.6%, Vietnam
10.9%, Singapore 10.8%, Taiwan 8.4% (2004)

Cameroon
France 28.2%, Nigeria 9.9%, Belgium 7.6%, US 4.9%, China
4.8%, Germany 4.6%, Italy 4.1% (2004)

Canada
US 58.9%, China 6.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2004)

Cape Verde
Portugal 41.8%, US 12.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Spain 5.2%,
Italy 4.2%, Brazil 4% (2004)

Cayman Islands
US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles,
Japan

Central African Republic
France 17.6%, US 16.3%, Cameroon 9.3%,
Belgium 5% (2004)

Chad
France 21.9%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.4%, Germany
6.4%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)

Chile
Argentina 17%, US 14%, Brazil 11.2%, China 7.4% (2004)

China
Japan 16.8%, Taiwan 11.4%, South Korea 11.1%, US 8%, Germany
5.4% (2004)

Christmas Island
principally Australia

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australia

Colombia
US 29.1%, Venezuela 6.5%, China 6.4%, Mexico 6.2%, Brazil
5.8% (2004)

Comoros
France 23.5%, South Africa 11.1%, Kenya 7.5%, UAE 7.2%,
Italy 4.9%, Pakistan 4.7%, Mauritius 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2004)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
South Africa 18.5%, Belgium 15.5%,
France 10.8%, Kenya 6.3%, US 6%, Germany 5.8% (2004)

Congo, Republic of the
France 32.7%, US 10.1%, Germany 6.2%, Italy
6%, China 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2004)

Cook Islands
New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan
2% (2000)

Costa Rica
US 46.1%, Japan 5.9%, Mexico 5.1%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)

Cote d'Ivoire
France 24.3%, Nigeria 19.2%, UK 4% (2004)

Croatia
Italy 17.1%, Germany 15.5%, Russia 7.3%, Slovenia 7.1%,
Austria 6.9%, France 4.4% (2004)

Cuba
Spain 14.7%, Venezuela 13.5%, US 11%, China 8.9%, Canada 6.4%,
Italy 6.2%, Mexico 4.9% (2004)

Cyprus
Greece 15.2%, Italy 10.5%, Germany 8.9%, UK 8.6%, France
6.3%, Japan 4.7%, Israel 4.4%, China 4% (2004)

Czech Republic
Germany 31.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, China 5.2%,
Poland 4.8%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.1% (2004)

Denmark
Germany 22.3%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, UK 6.1%,
France 4.5%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1%, China 4% (2004)

Djibouti
Saudi Arabia 19.7%, India 12.4%, Ethiopia 11.8%, China
8.1%, France 5.6%, US 4.8% (2004)

Dominica
China 20.4%, US 16.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.3%, UK 6.9%,
South Korea 4.6%, Japan 4.3% (2004)

Dominican Republic
US 48.1%, Venezuela 13.5%, Colombia 4.8%, Mexico
4.8% (2004)

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
US 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil
6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)

Egypt
US 12.2%, Germany 7%, Italy 6.6%, France 5.7%, China 5.4%, UK
4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)

El Salvador
US 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004)

Equatorial Guinea
US 26.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 21.4%, Spain 13.6%, France
8.8%, UK 7.8%, Italy 4.4% (2004)

Eritrea
Ireland 26.6%, US 18.6%, Italy 16.6%, Turkey 6.4% (2004)

Estonia
Finland 22.1%, Germany 12.9%, Sweden 9.7%, Russia 9.2%,
Lithuania 5.3%, Latvia 4.7% (2004)

Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia 25.3%, US 15.8%, China 6.6% (2004)

European Union
US 15.1%, China 9.7%, Japan 6.7%, Switzerland 5.6%

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6%
(2004)

Faroe Islands
Denmark 52.8%, Norway 18.3%, Iceland 4.4%, Sweden 4.2%
(2004)

Fiji
Australia 25.9%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 21.1% (2004)

Finland
Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.3%, Russia 12.8%, Netherlands 6.3%,
Denmark 5.2%, UK 4.6%, France 4.3% (2004)

France
Germany 19.2%, Belgium 9.9%, Italy 8.8%, Spain 7.4%, UK 7%,
Netherlands 6.7%, US 5.1% (2004)

French Guiana
France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)

French Polynesia
France 47.6%, New Zealand 8.8%, Singapore 8.4%,
Australia 8.3%, US 7.1% (2004)

Gabon
France 43.8%, US 6.3%, UK 5.9%, Netherlands 4% (2004)

Gambia, The
China 23.7%, Senegal 11.6%, Brazil 5.9%, UK 5.5%,
Netherlands 4.5%, US 4.4% (2004)

Gaza Strip
Israel, Egypt, West Bank

Georgia
Russia 14%, Turkey 11%, UK 9.3%, Azerbaijan 8.5%, Germany
8.2%, Ukraine 7.7%, US 6% (2004)

Germany
France 9%, Netherlands 8.3%, US 7%, Italy 6.1%, UK 5.9%,
China 5.6%, Belgium 4.9%, Austria 4.2% (2004)

Ghana
Nigeria 12.6%, China 11.4%, UK 6.6%, US 6.4%, France 4.9%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2004)

Gibraltar
Spain 19.9%, Russia 18.4%, UK 10.8%, Italy 8.8%, Germany
7.5%, US 5.1%, Sweden 4.7%, France 4.2% (2004)

Greece
Germany 13.3%, Italy 12.8%, France 6.4%, Netherlands 5.5%,
Russia 5.5%, US 4.4%, UK 4.2%, South Korea 4.1% (2004)

Greenland
Denmark 78.7%, Sweden 11.9%, Norway 2.7% (2004)

Grenada
Trinidad and Tobago 29.6%, US 27.8%, UK 4.8% (2004)

Guadeloupe
France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands
Antilles 2% (1999)

Guam
Singapore 39.5%, South Korea 20.8%, Japan 19%, Hong Kong 9%,
Philippines 4.3% (2004)

Guatemala
US 34%, Mexico 8.1%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.6%, Japan
4.4% (2004)

Guernsey
UK (regarded as internal trade)

Guinea
Cote d'Ivoire 15.5%, France 9%, Belgium 6.1%, China 6%, South
Africa 4.8% (2004)

Guinea-Bissau
Senegal 44.6%, Portugal 13.8%, China 4.2% (2004)

Guyana
Trinidad and Tobago 24.8%, US 24.5%, Cuba 6.8%, UK 5.4% (2004)

Haiti
US 34.8%, Netherlands Antilles 18%, Malaysia 5.1%, Colombia
4.7% (2004)

Honduras
US 37.5%, Guatemala 6.9%, Mexico 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.3%, El
Salvador 4% (2004)

Hong Kong
China 43.5%, Japan 12.1%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 5.3%, Singapore
5.3%, South Korea 4.8% (2004)

Hungary
Germany 29.2%, Austria 8.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5.5%,
Netherlands 4.9%, China 4.8%, France 4.7% (2004)

Iceland
Germany 12.3%, US 9.9%, Norway 9.7%, Denmark 7.9%, UK 7.2%,
Sweden 6.7%, Netherlands 6% (2004)

India
China 6.1%, US 6%, Switzerland 5.2%, Belgium 4.4% (2004)

Indonesia
Singapore 13.1%, Japan 13.1%, China 8.8%, US 7%, Thailand
6%, Australia 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.2%, South Korea 4.2% (2004)

Iran
Germany 12.8%, France 8.3%, Italy 7.7%, China 7.2%, UAE 7.2%,
South Korea 6.1%, Russia 5.4% (2004)

Iraq
Syria 22.9%, Turkey 19.5%, US 9.2%, Jordan 6.7%, Germany 4.9%
(2004)

Ireland
UK 35.6%, US 13.8%, Germany 8.9%, Netherlands 4.3%, France
4.2% (2004)

Israel
US 15%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 7.5%, Switzerland 6.5%, UK
6.1% (2004)

Italy
Germany 18%, France 10.9%, Netherlands 5.9%, Spain 4.6%,
Belgium 4.4%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2004)

Jamaica
US 38.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.2%, France 5.6%, Japan 4.7%
(2004)

Japan
China 20.7%, US 14%, South Korea 4.9%, Australia 4.3%,
Indonesia 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, UAE 4% (2004)

Jersey
UK

Jordan
Saudi Arabia 19.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 6.8%, US 6.8% (2004)

Kazakhstan
Russia 34.6%, China 15.4%, Germany 8.2%, France 5.7%,
Ukraine 4.6% (2004)

Kenya
UAE 12.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.1%, South Africa 8.8%, US 7.7%,
India 7.2%, UK 6.7%, China 6.4%, Japan 5% (2004)

Kiribati
Australia 33.6%, Fiji 29.8%, Japan 10.3%, New Zealand 6.9%,
France 4.1% (2004)

Korea, North
China 32.9%, Thailand 10.7%, Japan 4.8% (2004)

Korea, South
Japan 20.6%, China 13.2%, US 12.9%, Saudi Arabia 5.3%
(2004)

Kuwait
US 12.9%, Germany 11.9%, Japan 7.9%, UK 5.5%, Saudi Arabia
5.5%, Italy 5%, France 4.5%, China 4.1% (2004)

Kyrgyzstan
China 26.3%, Russia 22.3%, Kazakhstan 17.1%, Turkey 5.4%
(2004)

Laos
Thailand 60.5%, China 10.3%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4% (2004)

Latvia
Germany 13.9%, Lithuania 12.2%, Russia 8.7%, Estonia 7%,
Finland 6.3%, Sweden 6.1%, Poland 5.4%, Belarus 4.8% (2004)

Lebanon
Italy 11.2%, France 10.3%, Syria 9.8%, Germany 8.6%, China
5.8%, US 5.5%, UK 4.6% (2004)

Lesotho
Hong Kong 46.8%, China 25.5%, South Korea 5.6%, Germany 4.8%
(2004)

Liberia
South Korea 38.8%, Japan 21.2%, Singapore 12.2%, Croatia
5.3%, Germany 4.2% (2004)

Libya
Italy 25.5%, Germany 11%, South Korea 6.1%, UK 5.4%, Tunisia
4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2004)

Liechtenstein
EU, Switzerland

Lithuania
Russia 23.1%, Germany 16.7%, Poland 7.7%, Netherlands 4%
(2004)

Luxembourg
Belgium 29.8%, Germany 22.6%, China 12.6%, France 12%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2004)

Macau
China 44.4%, Hong Kong 10.6%, Japan 9.6%, Taiwan 4.9%,
Singapore 4.1%, US 4.1% (2004)

Macedonia
Greece 15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%,
Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7% (2004)

Madagascar
France 17.2%, China 9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%, Iran 6.4%,
Mauritius 6.2%, South Africa 5.6% (2004)

Malawi
South Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe
7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)

Malaysia
Japan 16.1%, US 14.6%, Singapore 11.2%, China 9.9%,
Thailand 5.6%, Taiwan 5.5%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5%, Indonesia
4% (2004)

Maldives
Singapore 24.9%, Sri Lanka 10.6%, UAE 10.3%, India 10.2%,
Malaysia 7.6%, Bahrain 5.4% (2004)

Mali
France 14.5%, Senegal 9.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.6% (2004)

Malta
Italy 25.4%, France 13.1%, UK 12%, Germany 8.9%, US 5.2%,
Singapore 4.1% (2004)

Man, Isle of
UK (2000)

Marshall Islands
US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China,
Philippines (2000)

Martinique
France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3%
(2000)

Mauritania
France 14.1%, US 7.6%, China 6.4%, Spain 5.8%, UK 4.6%,
Germany 4.3%, Belgium 4.2% (2004)

Mauritius
South Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%,
Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004)

Mayotte
France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)

Mexico
US 53.7%, China 7%, Japan 5.1% (2004)

Micronesia, Federated States of
US, Australia, Japan (2000)

Moldova
Ukraine 24.6%, Russia 12.2%, Romania 9.3%, Germany 8.5%,
Italy 7.4% (2004)

Mongolia
Russia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US
4.6% (2004)

Montserrat
US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada

Morocco
France 18.2%, Spain 12.1%, Italy 6.6%, Germany 6%, Russia
5.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, China 4.2%, US 4.1% (2004)

Mozambique
South Africa 41.4%, Netherlands 11%, Portugal 3.3% (2004)

Namibia
US 50%, EU 31% (2001)

Nauru
Australia 65.6%, Indonesia 5.4%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.4% (2004)

Nepal
India 46.3%, China 10.8%, UAE 9.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2004)

Netherlands
Germany 17.9%, Belgium 9.9%, US 7.9%, China 7.4%, UK
6.4%, France 4.8% (2004)

Netherlands Antilles
Venezuela 51.1%, US 21.9%, Netherlands 5% (2004)

New Caledonia
France 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, New
Zealand 4.9% (2004)

New Zealand
Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%,
Germany 5.2% (2004)

Nicaragua
US 22.6%, Costa Rica 8.5%, Venezuela 8.4%, Guatemala 6.8%,
Mexico 5.8%, El Salvador 4.9%, South Korea 4.5% (2004)

Niger
France 14.4%, US 10.3%, French Polynesia 9.4%, Nigeria 7.8%,
Cote d'Ivoire 7.5%, Japan 5.2%, China 5.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)

Nigeria
China 9.4%, US 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.4%,
Germany 4.9%, Italy 4% (2004)

Niue
New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)

Norfolk Island
Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,
Europe

Northern Mariana Islands
US, Japan (2000)

Norway
Sweden 15.7%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.5%, China 5%,
US 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.3%, Finland 4.1% (2004)

Oman
UAE 21.2%, Japan 16.6%, UK 8.4%, Italy 6%, Germany 5.1%, US
4.7% (2004)

Pakistan
Saudi Arabia 11.6%, UAE 10%, US 9.7%, China 8.4%, Japan
6.5%, Kuwait 5.6% (2004)

Palau
US, Guam, Japan, Singapore, South Korea (2000)

Panama
US 33.3%, Netherlands Antilles 8.1%, Japan 6%, Costa Rica
5.7%, Mexico 4.6%, Colombia 4.2% (2004)

Papua New Guinea
Australia 46.4%, Singapore 21.6%, Japan 4.3%, New
Zealand 4.2% (2004)

Paraguay
Brazil 30.9%, Argentina 23.3%, China 16.6%, US 4% (2004)

Peru
US 30.3%, Spain 11.5%, Chile 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, Colombia 5.2%
(2004)

Philippines
US 18.8%, Japan 17.4%, Singapore 7.8%, Taiwan 7.3%,
South Korea 6.2%, China 6%, Malaysia 4.5% (2004)

Pitcairn Islands
NA

Poland
Germany 24.4%, Italy 7.9%, Russia 7.3%, France 6.7%, China
4.6% (2004)

Portugal
Spain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK
4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004)

Puerto Rico
US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2002 est.)

Qatar
France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany
5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004)

Reunion
France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)

Romania
Italy 17.2%, Germany 14.9%, France 7.1%, Russia 6.8%, Turkey
4.2% (2004)

Russia
Germany 15.3%, Ukraine 8.8%, China 6.9%, Japan 5.7%,
Kazakhstan 5%, US 4.6%, Italy 4.6%, France 4.4% (2004)

Rwanda
Kenya 24.4%, Germany 7.4%, Belgium 6.6%, Uganda 6.3%, France
5.1% (2004)

Saint Helena
UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%,
Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Ukraine 44.7%, US 22.1%, Trinidad and Tobago
8.8%, UK 6.2% (2004)

Saint Lucia
US 27.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 20.4%, UK 8%, Venezuela
7.6%, Finland 7% (2004)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
France 37.6%, Canada 25.3%, Ireland 25.2%,
Italy 5.1% (2004)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
US 37.5%, Trinidad and Tobago
21.3%, UK 10.5% (2004)

Samoa
New Zealand 25.1%, Fiji 21.5%, Taiwan 9.1%, Australia 8.9%,
Singapore 8.5%, Japan 7.5%, US 4.7% (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe
Portugal 52.3%, Germany 9.5%, US 6%,
Netherlands 4.8%, South Africa 4.3%, Belgium 4.1% (2004)

Saudi Arabia
US 15.3%, Japan 9.8%, Germany 8.1%, China 6.6%, UK 5.7%
(2004)

Senegal
France 24.8%, Nigeria 11.9%, Thailand 6.1% (2004)

Serbia and Montenegro
Germany 18.5%, Italy 16.5%, Austria 8.3%,
Slovenia 6.7%, Bulgaria 4.7%, France 4.5% (2004)

Seychelles
Saudi Arabia 15.5%, Spain 13.3%, France 10.3%, Singapore
7%, South Africa 6.8%, Italy 6.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)

Sierra Leone
Germany 14%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.7%, UK 9.1%, US 8.4%,
China 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, South Africa 4.1% (2004)

Singapore
Malaysia 15.3%, US 12.7%, Japan 11.7%, China 9.9%, Taiwan
5.7%, South Korea 4.3%, Thailand 4.1% (2004)

Slovakia
Germany 26.1%, Czech Republic 21.3%, Russia 9.1%, Austria
6.6%, Poland 4.9%, Italy 4.9% (2004)

Slovenia
Germany 19.9%, Italy 17%, Austria 14.9%, France 10.2% (2004)

Solomon Islands
Australia 24.6%, Singapore 23.1%, New Zealand 7.7%,
Fiji 4.8%, Papua New Guinea 4.7% (2004)

Somalia
Djibouti 30.1%, Kenya 13.7%, India 8.6%, Brazil 8.5%, Oman
4.4%, UAE 4.2% (2004)

South Africa
Germany 14.2%, US 8.5%, China 7.5%, Japan 6.9%, UK
6.9%, France 6%, Saudi Arabia 5.6%, Iran 5% (2004)

Spain
Germany 16.6%, France 15.8%, Italy 8.9%, UK 6.3%, Netherlands
4.8% (2004)

Sri Lanka
India 18%, Singapore 8.7%, Hong Kong 7.7%, China 5.7%,
Iran 5.2%, Japan 5.1%, Malaysia 4.1% (2004)

Sudan
China 13%, Saudi Arabia 11.5%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.1%, India
4.8%, Germany 4.5%, Australia 4.1%, Japan 4% (2004)

Suriname
US 26.2%, Netherlands 19.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.5%,
Japan 6.6%, China 4.6%, Brazil 4.2% (2004)

Swaziland
South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3%
(2004)

Sweden
Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 7.6%, UK 7.5%,
Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 6.4%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2004)

Switzerland
Germany 32.8%, Italy 11.3%, France 9.9%, US 5.2%,
Netherlands 5%, Austria 4.3% (2004)

Syria
Turkey 9.4%, Ukraine 8.7%, China 7.8%, Russia 5.4%, Saudi
Arabia 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Italy 4.3% (2004)

Taiwan
Japan 26%, US 13%, China, including Hong Kong 11%, South
Korea 6.9% (2004)

Tajikistan
Russia 20.2%, Uzbekistan 14.2%, Kazakhstan 12.8%,
Azerbaijan 7.2%, US 6.7%, China 4.8%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)

Tanzania
South Africa 13.1%, China 8.1%, India 6.6%, Kenya 5.6%, UAE
5.5%, US 4.9%, UK 4.8%, Bahrain 4.1% (2004)

Thailand
Japan 23.6%, China 8.6%, US 7.6%, Malaysia 5.8%, Singapore
4.4%, Taiwan 4.1% (2004)

Togo
China 25.5%, India 13.3%, France 11.5% (2004)

Tokelau
New Zealand (2000)

Tonga
New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US
6.3% (2004)

Trinidad and Tobago
US 23.9%, Venezuela 11.5%, Germany 11.2%, Brazil
10.7%, Spain 6.4%, Italy 5.1% (2004)

Tunisia
France 25.1%, Italy 19%, Germany 8.5%, Spain 5.3% (2004)

Turkey
Germany 12.9%, Russia 9.3%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.4%, US 4.8%,
China 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2004)

Turkmenistan
US 11.8%, Russia 9.7%, UAE 9.2%, Ukraine 9%, Turkey
8.6%, Germany 8%, France 5%, Georgia 4.6%, Iran 4.5% (2004)

Turks and Caicos Islands
US, UK

Tuvalu
Fiji 50.2%, Japan 18.1%, Australia 9.6%, China 8%, New
Zealand 5.5% (2004)

Uganda
Kenya 32.3%, UAE 7.3%, South Africa 6.5%, India 5.8%, China
5.6%, UK 5.1%, US 4.8%, Japan 4.8% (2004)

Ukraine
Russia 41.8%, Germany 9.6%, Turkmenistan 6.7% (2004)

United Arab Emirates
China 10%, India 9.8%, Japan 6.8%, Germany
6.5%, UK 6.2%, France 6.1%, US 6% (2004)

United Kingdom
Germany 13%, US 9.3%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.6%,
Belgium 4.9%, China 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2004)

United States
Canada 17%, China 13.8%, Mexico 10.3%, Japan 8.7%,
Germany 5.2% (2004)

Uruguay
Argentina 19.5%, Brazil 19%, Paraguay 12.9%, US 9.2%, China
6% (2004)

Uzbekistan
Russia 26.8%, South Korea 12.6%, US 8%, Germany 7.7%,
Kazakhstan 6.3%, China 5.8%, Turkey 5.1%, Ukraine 4.5% (2004)

Vanuatu
Taiwan 24%, Australia 16.5%, Japan 11.4%, Singapore 8.5%,
New Zealand 7.2%, Fiji 6.3%, US 4.4% (2004)

Venezuela
US 28.8%, Colombia 9.9%, Brazil 7%, Mexico 4.1% (2004)

Vietnam
China 13.7%, Taiwan 11.3%, South Korea 10.8%, Japan 10.5%,
Singapore 10.5%, Thailand 6.2%, Hong Kong 4% (2004)

Virgin Islands
US, Puerto Rico

Wallis and Futuna
France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%

West Bank
Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)

Western Sahara
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so
trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts

World
Germany 9.4%, US 9.3%, China 8.5%, Japan 6.5%, France 4.5%
(2004)

Yemen
UAE 12.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, China 8.8%, France 7.3%, India
4.4%, US 4.4%, Kuwait 4.2% (2004)

Zambia
South Africa 46.2%, UK 14.2%, UAE 7.1%, Zimbabwe 6% (2004)

Zimbabwe
South Africa 46.9%, Botswana 3.6%, UK 3.4% (2004)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2062 Economic aid - donor

Australia
ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)

Austria
ODA, $520 million (2002)

Belgium
ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)

Canada
ODA, $2 billion (2004)

Denmark
ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)

Finland
ODA, $379 million (2001)

France
ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)

Germany
ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Iceland
$NA

Ireland
ODA, $283 million (2001)

Italy
ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

Japan
ODA, $7.9 billion (FY03/04)

Korea, South
ODA $334 million (2003)

Lesotho
ODA $4.4 million

Luxembourg
ODA, $147 million (2002)

Netherlands
ODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)

New Zealand
ODA, $99.7 million

Norway
ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)

Portugal
ODA, $271 million (1995)

Saudi Arabia
pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of
Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for
assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development
in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft
loans to Iraq

Spain
ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)

Sweden
ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

Switzerland
ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)

United Arab Emirates
since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund
for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries
(2004)

United Kingdom
ODA, $4.2 billion (2004)

United States
ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2063 Constitution

Afghanistan
new constitution drafted 14 December 2003 - 4 January
2004; signed 16 January 2004

Albania
adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998

Algeria
19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3
November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

American Samoa
ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967

Andorra
Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991,
approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993

Angola
11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6
March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - new constitution has not yet
been approved

Anguilla
Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981

Argentina
1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Armenia
adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995

Aruba
1 January 1986

Australia
9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

Austria
1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

Azerbaijan
adopted 12 November 1995

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973

Bahrain
new constitution 14 February 2002

Bangladesh
4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended
following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended
many times

Barbados
30 November 1966

Belarus
15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November
1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became
effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing
presidential term limits

Belgium
7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to
create a federal state

Belize
21 September 1981

Benin
December 1990

Bermuda
8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan
no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001 the
King commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in November
2004 presented a draft to the Council of Ministers; now awaiting
referendum

Bolivia
2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovina
the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December
1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the
entities also has its own constitution

Botswana
March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil
5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands
1 June 1977

Brunei
29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of
Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1
January 1984)

Bulgaria
adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso
2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991
formally adopted; amended April 2000

Burma
3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national
convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but
collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include
participation of democratic opposition

Burundi
13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural
political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional
constitution approved by the parliament which extended the
transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new
constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and
tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005

Cambodia
promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon
20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally
adopted; revised January 1996

Canada
made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial
decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution
consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a
federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April
1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from
Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde
new constitution came into force 25 September 1992;
underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially
increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in
1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de
Justica)

Cayman Islands
1959; revised 1972 and 1992

Central African Republic
passed by referendum 5 December 2004

Chad
passed by referendum 31 March 1996

Chile
11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July
1989, 1993, and 1997

China
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas Island
Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23
November 1953)

Colombia
5 July 1991

Comoros
23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
new constitution adopted 17 July
2003

Congo, Republic of the
approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands
4 August 1965

Costa Rica
7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire
new constitution adopted 4 August 2000

Croatia
adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba
24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus
16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no
longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the
basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for
better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held
intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974
Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own
constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated
State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in
1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5
May 1985

Czech Republic
ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Denmark
5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major
overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a
female chief of state

Djibouti
multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September
1992

Dominica
3 November 1978

Dominican Republic
28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002

East Timor
22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Ecuador
10 August 1998

Egypt
11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980

El Salvador
23 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995

Eritrea
a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was
replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet
implemented

Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia
ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union
based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris,
which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951;
the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community
(EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957;
the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2001; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 caused a suspension of
the ratification process

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3 October 1985; amended 1997 and
1998

Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji
promulgated on 25 July 1990; amended on 25 July 1997 to allow
nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty
government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998

Finland
1 March 2000

France
adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October
1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to
comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam
Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in
1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to
a five-year term

French Guiana
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

French Polynesia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon
adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The
24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and
approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January
1997

Georgia
adopted 24 August 1995

Germany
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the
united German people 3 October 1990

Ghana
approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar
30 May 1969

Greece
11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada
19 December 1973

Guadeloupe
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Guam
Organic Act of 1 August 1950

Guatemala
31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended
25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993
following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernsey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea
23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau
16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26
February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996

Guyana
6 October 1980

Haiti
approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles
reinstated March 1989; in October 1991 government claimed to be
observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in
October 1994

Holy See (Vatican City)
new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN
PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces
the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras
11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Hong Kong
Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National
People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary
18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April
1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals
and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and
also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997
amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland
16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times

India
26 January 1950; amended many times

Indonesia
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and
Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959

Iran
2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the
presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraq
interim constitution signed 8 March 2004; note - the
Transitional Administrative Law (TAL) was enacted 8 March 2004 to
govern the country until an elected Iraqi Government can draft and
ratify a new constitution in 2005

Ireland
adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937

Israel
no formal constitution; some of the functions of a
constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),
the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli
citizenship law

Italy
passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended
many times

Jamaica
6 August 1962

Japan
3 May 1947

Jersey
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan
1 January 1952; amended 1974, 1976, 1984

Kazakhstan
first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January
1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995

Kenya
12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with
amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001

Kiribati
12 July 1979

Korea, North
adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972,
revised again in April 1992, and September 1998

Korea, South
17 July 1948

Kuwait
approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan
adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by
President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February
2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the
expense of the legislature

Laos
promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia
15 February 1922; an October 1998 amendment on Fundamental
Human Rights replaced the 1991 Constitutional Law, which had
supplemented the constitution

Lebanon
23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently
Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of
October 1989

Lesotho
2 April 1993

Liberia
6 January 1986

Libya
11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977

Liechtenstein
5 October 1921

Lithuania
adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg
17 October 1868; occasional revisions

Macau
Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's
Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia
adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;
amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments
strengthening minority rights

Madagascar
19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi
18 May 1994

Malaysia
31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963

Maldives
adopted 1 January 1998

Mali
adopted 12 January 1992

Malta
1964 constitution; amended many times

Man, Isle of
unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of
1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Marshall Islands
1 May 1979

Martinique
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mauritania
12 July 1991

Mauritius
12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico
5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of
10 May 1979

Moldova
new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August
1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979

Monaco
17 December 1962

Mongolia
12 February 1992

Montserrat
effective 19 December 1989

Morocco
10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create
bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique
30 November 1990

Namibia
ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Nauru
29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)

Nepal
9 November 1990

Netherlands
adopted 1815; amended many times, last time 2002

Netherlands Antilles
29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the
Netherlands, as amended

New Caledonia
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand
consists of a series of legal documents, including
certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The
Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;
adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987

Nicaragua
9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000

Niger
new constitution adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria
new constitution adopted May 1999

Niue
19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island Act of 1979

Northern Mariana Islands
Constitution of the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant
Agreement effective 4 November 1986

Norway
17 May 1814; amended many times

Oman
none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal
decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a
constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal
succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from
holding interests in companies doing business with the government,
establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil
liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan
12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored 31
December 2002; amended 31 December 2003

Palau
1 January 1981

Panama
11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and
2004

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975

Paraguay
promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru
31 December 1993

Philippines
2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands
30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional
reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance
of 1964

Poland
adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed by
national referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997

Portugal
25 April 1976; revised many times

Puerto Rico
ratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July
1952, effective 25 July 1952

Qatar
ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by
the Emir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005

Reunion
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Romania
8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003

Russia
adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda
new constitution adopted 4 June 2003

Saint Helena
1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979

Samoa
1 January 1962

San Marino
8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the
functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe
approved March 1990, effective 10 September
1990

Saudi Arabia
governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic
Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities
was introduced in 1993

Senegal
new constitution adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia and Montenegro
4 February 2003

Seychelles
18 June 1993

Sierra Leone
1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times

Singapore
3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State
of Singapore Constitution)

Slovakia
ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;
changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president;
amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU
membership

Slovenia
adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978

Somalia
25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as
the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing

South Africa
10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified
by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then
President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3
February 1997; it is being implemented in phases

Spain
6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka
adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; new
constitution proposed in 2002

Sudan
12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985;
interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of
30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially
suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR

Suriname
ratified 30 September 1987

Swaziland
a constitution was due to be adopted in November 2003 but
was delayed and scheduled for early 2005

Sweden
1 January 1975

Switzerland
revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal
Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999,
officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria
13 March 1973

Taiwan
25 December 1946; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, and 2000

Tajikistan
6 November 1994

Tanzania
25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand
new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997

Togo
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the
Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau
administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended
in 1970

Tonga
4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago
1 August 1976

Tunisia
1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey
7 November 1982

Turkmenistan
adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands
introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in
1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988

Tuvalu
1 October 1978

Uganda
8 October 1995

Ukraine
adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)

United Kingdom
unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice

United States
17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay
27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June
1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two
constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7
January 1997

Uzbekistan
new constitution adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu
30 July 1980

Venezuela
30 December 1999

Vietnam
15 April 1992

Virgin Islands
Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna
4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen
16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia
24 August 1991

Zimbabwe
21 December 1979

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2064 Economic aid - recipient

Afghanistan
international pledges made by more than 60 countries and
international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference
for Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for
2004-09

Albania
ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000
est.)

Algeria
$122.8 million (2002 est.)

American Samoa
important financial support from the US, more than
$40 million in 1994

Andorra
none

Angola
$383.5 million (1999)

Anguilla
$9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
$2.3 million (1995)

Argentina
$10 billion (2001 est.)

Armenia
ODA $170 million (2000)

Aruba
$26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127
million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996

Azerbaijan
ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)

Bahamas, The
$9.8 million (1995)

Bahrain
$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from
each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)

Bangladesh
$1.575 billion (2000 est.)

Barbados
$9.1 million (1995)

Belarus
$194.3 million (1995)

Belize
NA

Benin
$342.6 million (2000)

Bermuda
NA

Bhutan
substantial aid from India and other nations

Bolivia
$681 million (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$650 million (2001 est.)

Botswana
$73 million (1995)

Brazil
$30 billion (2002)

British Virgin Islands
NA

Brunei
NA

Bulgaria
$300 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso
$484.1 million (1995)

Burma
$127 million (2001 est.)

Burundi
$92.7 million (2000)

Cambodia
$504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for
2005 by international donors

Cameroon
on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce
Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now
totals $1.26 billion

Cape Verde
$136 million (1999)

Cayman Islands
NA

Central African Republic
ODA $73 million; note - traditional budget
subsidies from France (2000 est.)

Chad
$238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by
Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development
Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)

Chile
ODA, $0 (2002)

China
NA

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
NA

Comoros
$10 million (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$195.3 million (1995)

Congo, Republic of the
$159.1 million (1995)

Cook Islands
$13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish
the greater part (1995)

Cote d'Ivoire
ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)

Croatia
ODA $166.5 million (2002)

Cuba
$68.2 million (1997 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus - $17 million (1998); north Cyprus - $700
million from Turkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven
(2003)

Czech Republic
$2.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment
and cohesion funds (2004-06)

Djibouti
$36 million (2001)

Dominica
$22.8 million (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic
$239.6 million (1995)

East Timor
$2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)

Ecuador
$216 million (2002)

Egypt
ODA, $1.12 billion (2002)

El Salvador
$125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)

Equatorial Guinea
$33.8 million (1995)

Eritrea
$77 million (1999)

Estonia
$108 million (2000)

Ethiopia
$308 million (FY00/01)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$0 (1997 est.)

Faroe Islands
$135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)

Fiji
$40.3 million (1995)

French Guiana
NA

French Polynesia
$367 million (1997)

Gabon
$331 million (1995)

Gambia, The
$45.4 million (1995)

Gaza Strip
$2 billion (includes West Bank) (2004 est.)

Georgia
ODA $150 million (2000 est.)

Ghana
$6.9 billion (1999)

Gibraltar
$NA

Greece
$8 billion from EU (2000-06)

Greenland
$380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)

Grenada
$8.3 million (1995)

Guadeloupe
NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies (2004)