Chapter LXXXVII: Front Matter (87)

Vietnam
3.9% (2002 est.)

Virgin Islands
2% (1992)

Wallis and Futuna
NA%

West Bank
2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in several Third World countries

Yemen
12.2% (2002 est.)

Zambia
21% (2002 est.)

Zimbabwe
134.5% (2002 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2093 Waterways (km)

Afghanistan
1,200 km
note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2001)

Albania
43 km
note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and
Lake Prespa (1990)

Algeria
none

American Samoa
none

Andorra
none

Angola
1,295 km

Anguilla
none

Antigua and Barbuda
none

Argentina
10,950 km

Armenia
NA km

Aruba
none

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
none

Australia
8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)

Austria
358 km (1999)

Azerbaijan
none

Bahamas, The
none

Bahrain
none

Baker Island
none

Bangladesh
up to 8,046 km depending on season
note: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes

Barbados
none

Bassas da India
none

Belarus
NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal
and river systems

Belgium
1,570 km (route length in regular commercial use) (2001)

Belize
825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally
navigable)

Benin
streams navigable along small sections, important only locally

Bermuda
none

Bhutan
none

Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris

Botswana
none

Bouvet Island
none

Brazil
50,000 km

British Indian Ocean Territory
none

British Virgin Islands
none

Brunei
209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

Bulgaria
470 km (1987)

Burkina Faso
none

Burma
12,800 km
note: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

Burundi
Lake Tanganyika

Cambodia
3,700 km
note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km
navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m

Cameroon
2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002)

Canada
3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)

Cape Verde
none

Cayman Islands
none

Central African Republic
900 km
note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft
dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to
craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as
much as 1.8 m

Chad
2,000 km

Chile
725 km

China
110,000 km (1999)

Christmas Island
none

Clipperton Island
none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none

Colombia
18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)

Comoros
none

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (including the Congo and
its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)

Congo, Republic of the
1,120 km
note: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km of
commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for
local traffic only

Cook Islands
none

Coral Sea Islands
none

Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable)

Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons)

Croatia
785 km
note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris)

Cuba
240 km

Cyprus
none

Czech Republic
303 km
note: the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river (2000)

Denmark
417 km

Djibouti
none

Dominica
none

Dominican Republic
none

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
1,500 km

Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and
numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water

El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable

Equatorial Guinea
none

Eritrea
none

Estonia
320 km (perennially navigable) (2002)

Ethiopia
none

Europa Island
none

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none

Faroe Islands
none

Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges

Finland
6,675 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships

France
14,932 km (6,969 km heavily traveled)

French Guiana
3,300 km navigable by native craft
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers

French Polynesia
none

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
none

Gabon
1,600 km (perennially navigable)

Gambia, The
400 km

Gaza Strip
none

Georgia
none

Germany
7,500 km
note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an
important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)

Ghana
1,293 km
note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial
navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km
of arterial and feeder waterways

Gibraltar
none

Glorioso Islands
none

Greece
80 km
note: system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth
Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the
Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage
from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also
three unconnected rivers

Greenland
none

Grenada
none

Guadeloupe
none

Guam
none

Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during highwater season

Guernsey
none

Guinea
1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)

Guinea-Bissau
several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping

Guyana
5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)
note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively

Haiti
NEGL; less than 100 km navigable

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
none

Holy See (Vatican City)
none

Honduras
465 km (navigable by small craft)

Hong Kong
none

Howland Island
none

Hungary
1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997)

Iceland
none

India
16,180 km
note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels

Indonesia
21,579 km total
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km

Iran
904 km
note: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use

Iraq
1,015 km
note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft
boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft
before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war

Ireland
700 km (limited facilities for commercial traffic) (1998)

Israel
none

Italy
2,400 km
note: serves various types of commercial traffic, although of
limited overall value (2002)

Jamaica
none

Jan Mayen
none

Japan
1,770 km approximately
note: seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas

Jarvis Island
none

Jersey
none

Johnston Atoll
none

Jordan
none

Juan de Nova Island
none

Kazakhstan
3,900 km
note: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers

Kenya
NA
note: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of
Kenya

Kingman Reef
none

Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)

Korea, North
2,253 km
note: mostly navigable by small craft only

Korea, South
1,609 km
note: restricted to small native craft

Kuwait
none

Kyrgyzstan
600 km (1990)

Laos
4,587 km approximately
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m

Latvia
300 km (perennially navigable)

Lebanon
none

Lesotho
none

Liberia
none

Libya
none

Liechtenstein
none

Lithuania
600 km (perennially navigable)

Luxembourg
37 km (on the Moselle)

Macau
none

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
note: lake transport
only, on the Greek and Albanian borders

Madagascar
of local importance only

Malawi
144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall

Malaysia
7,296 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km

Maldives
none

Mali
1,815 km

Malta
none

Man, Isle of
none

Marshall Islands
none

Martinique
none

Mauritania
note: ferry traffic on the Senegal River

Mauritius
none

Mayotte
none

Mexico
2,900 km
note: navigable rivers and coastal canals

Micronesia, Federated States of
none

Midway Islands
none

Moldova
424 km (1994)

Monaco
none

Mongolia
400 km (1999)

Montserrat
none

Morocco
none

Mozambique
3,750 km (navigable routes)

Namibia
none

Nauru
none

Navassa Island
none

Nepal
none

Netherlands
5,046 km (of which 3,745 km are canals)
note: 47% of total route length is usable by craft of
1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger

Netherlands Antilles
none

New Caledonia
none

New Zealand
1,609 km
note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation
requirements

Nicaragua
2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)

Niger
300 km
note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin
frontier from mid-December through March

Nigeria
8,575 km
note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers
and creeks

Niue
none

Norfolk Island
none

Northern Mariana Islands
none

Norway
1,577 km (along west coast)
note: navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels

Oman
none

Pakistan
none

Palau
none

Palmyra Atoll
none

Panama
882 km
note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal

Papua New Guinea
10,940 km

Paracel Islands
none

Paraguay
3,100 km

Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca

Philippines
3,219 km
note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m

Pitcairn Islands
none

Poland
3,812 km (navigable rivers and canals) (1996)

Portugal
820 km
note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity

Puerto Rico
none

Qatar
none

Reunion
none

Romania
1,724 km (1984)

Russia
95,900 km (total routes in general use)
note: routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet
- 95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids - 60,400 km;
man-made navigable routes - 16,900 km (January 1994)

Rwanda
note: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native
craft

Saint Helena
none

Saint Kitts and Nevis
none

Saint Lucia
none

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
none

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
none

Samoa
none

San Marino
none

Sao Tome and Principe
none

Saudi Arabia
none

Senegal
897 km
note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river

Serbia and Montenegro
587 km
note: the Danube River, central Europe's connection to the Black
Sea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge,
replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river
traffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction is bypassed by a canal system,
but the inadequate lock size limits the size of vessels which may
pass; the pontoon bridge can be opened for large ships but has
slowed river traffic (2001)

Seychelles
none

Sierra Leone
800 km (of which 600 km is navigable year round)

Singapore
none

Slovakia
172 km (all on the Danube)

Slovenia
NA

Solomon Islands
none

Somalia
none

South Africa
NA

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
none

Spain
1,045 km (of minor economic importance)

Spratly Islands
none

Sri Lanka
430 km (navigable by shallow-draft craft)

Sudan
5,310 km

Suriname
1,200 km
note: most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with
drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways

Svalbard
none

Swaziland
none

Sweden
2,052 km
note: navigable to small steamers and barges

Switzerland
65 km
note: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes

Syria
870 km (minimal economic importance)

Taiwan
NA

Tajikistan
none

Tanzania
note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are
principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on
those lakes

Thailand
4,000 km
note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with
drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve
shallow-draft native craft

Togo
50 km (Mono river)

Tokelau
none

Tonga
none

Trinidad and Tobago
none

Tromelin Island
none

Tunisia
none

Turkey
1,200 km (approximately)

Turkmenistan
the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for
Turkmenistan, as is the man-made Kara Kum canal

Turks and Caicos Islands
none

Tuvalu
none

Uganda
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake
Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile

Ukraine
4,499 km
note: 1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dniester (Dnister) (1990)

United Arab Emirates
none

United Kingdom
3,200 km

United States
41,009 km
note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes

Uruguay
1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)

Uzbekistan
1,100 km (1990)

Vanuatu
none

Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels

Vietnam
17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to
1.8 m draft

Virgin Islands
none

Wake Island
none

Wallis and Futuna
none

West Bank
none

Western Sahara
none

Yemen
none

Zambia
2,250 km
note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers

Zimbabwe
chrome ore is transported from Harare - by way of the Mazoe
River - to the Zambezi River in Mozambique

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan
the Bonn Agreement called for the establishment of a
Supreme Court; there is also a Minister of Justice

Albania
Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly
for a four-year term)

Algeria
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola
Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by
the president)

Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)

Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba
Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
monarch)

Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)

Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan
Supreme Court

Bahamas, The
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts

Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)

Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
monarch, although selected by the Government)

Belize
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities;
note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date)
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts

Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)

Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed by the
president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice;
Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life)

British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction

Brunei
Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the
monarch for three-year terms)

Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive

Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)

Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)

Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal

Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts

Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia
four coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of
Justice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law;
judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of
Justice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of
administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the
Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional
Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on
constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and
international treaties); Higher Council of Justice (administers and
disciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinary
chamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between other
courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for
eight-year terms)

Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands
High Court

Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members

Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives

Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)

Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot area

Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and
executive branches with the president presiding)

East Timor
Supreme Court of Justice, one judge appointed by the
National Parliament and the rest appointed by the Superior Council
for the Judiciary

Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by
the full Supreme Court)

Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea
or High Court, regional, subregional, and village courts;
also have military and special courts

Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Supreme Court (chief justice is a
nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over
civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands
none

Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The
Supreme Court

Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's recommendation); Constitutional Court

Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana
Supreme Court

Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada
West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate
judge resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a
president of the Court each year from among their number; the
president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms);
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges
are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving
one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by
Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed
by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San
Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)

Guernsey
Royal Court

Guinea
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and
misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High
Court

Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius
XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and
remain in office until they reach the age of 65)

Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature);
note - the Supreme Court is preparing to assume administrative
responsibility for the lower court system, currently run by the
Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; a separate Constitutional
Court was invested by the president on 16 August 2003

Iran
Supreme Court

Iraq
in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn
regime by US-led coalition

Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Israel
Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)

Italy
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after
designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the
cabinet)

Jersey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);
High Court

Kiribati
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges
at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
with the consent of the National Assembly)

Kuwait
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court
of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia
Supreme Court

Libya
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal
or Obergericht

Lithuania
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judges for all courts appointed by the President

Luxembourg
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2
district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau
The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative
Region

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Supreme Court -
Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament
appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament
appoints the judges

Madagascar
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives
High Court

Mali
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Marshall Islands
Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius
Supreme Court

Mayotte
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of
Supreme Court

Moldova
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval
by the president)

Montserrat
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of
the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a
separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in
its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru
Supreme Court

Nepal
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand
High Court; Court of Appeal

Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on
the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court

Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges

Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve
until 70 years of age)

Pitcairn Islands
Island Court (island magistrate presides over the
court and is elected every three years)

Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar
Court of Appeal

Reunion
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates)

Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda
Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts

Saint Helena
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Land and Titles Court

San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial
system was reformed in 1992

Serbia and Montenegro
Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional
Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly
for nine-year terms
note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal
Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will
have an equal number of judges from each republic

Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal

Somalia
following the breakdown of national government, most regions
have reverted to either Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for
appeal of all sentences, or traditional clan-based arbitration

South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan
Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname
Court of Justice (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)

Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of
Cassation; State Security Courts

Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the National Assembly; note - beginning in 2003, justices
will be appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative
Yuan)

Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief
justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and
the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the
president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service
Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest
court of appeal is the Privy Council in London

Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey
Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Court of Appeals and Council of State (judges are elected by the
Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors)

Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court

Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States
Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
life by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United
States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and
County Courts

Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia
(magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single
12-year term)

Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the
governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen
Supreme Court

Zambia
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe
Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan
10 million (2000 est.)

Albania
1.283 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers and
261,000 domestically unemployed) (2000 est.)

Algeria
9.4 million (2001 est.)

American Samoa
14,000 (1996)

Andorra
33,000 (2001 est.)

Angola
5 million (1997 est.)

Anguilla
6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda
30,000

Argentina
15 million (1999)

Armenia
1.4 million (2001)

Aruba
41,501 (1997 est.)

Australia
9.2 million (37256)

Austria
4.3 million (2001)

Azerbaijan
3.7 million (2001)

Bahamas, The
156,000 (1999)

Bahrain
295,000
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(1998 est.)

Bangladesh
64.1 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion
in 1998-99 (1998)

Barbados
128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus
4.8 million (2000)

Belgium
4.44 million (2001)

Belize
90,000
note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel

Benin
NA

Bermuda
37,472 (2000)

Bhutan
NA
note: massive lack of skilled labor

Bolivia
2.5 million

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.026 million

Botswana
264,000 formal sector employees (2000)

Brazil
79 million (1999 est.)

British Virgin Islands
4,911 (1980)

Brunei
143,400
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary
residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)

Bulgaria
3.83 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso
5 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2002)

Burma
23.7 million (1999 est.)

Burundi
3.7 million (2000)

Cambodia
6 million (1998 est.)

Cameroon
NA

Canada
16.4 million (2001 est.)

Cape Verde
NA

Cayman Islands
19,820 (1995)

Central African Republic
NA

Chad
NA

Chile
5.9 million (2000 est.)

China
744 million (2001 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
18.3 million (1999 est.)

Comoros
144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
14.51 million (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
NA

Cook Islands
8,000 (1996)

Costa Rica
1.9 million (1999)

Cote d'Ivoire
68% agricultural (2000 est.)

Croatia
1.7 million (2001)

Cuba
4.3 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2000 est.)

Cyprus
Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300
(2000)

Czech Republic
5.203 million (1999 est.)

Denmark
2.856 million (2000 est.)

Djibouti
282,000

Dominica
25,000

Dominican Republic
2.3 million - 2.6 million

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
3.7 million (urban)

Egypt
20.6 million (2001 est.)

El Salvador
2.35 million (1999)

Equatorial Guinea
NA

Eritrea
NA

Estonia
608,600 (2001 est.)

Ethiopia
NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,100 (est.)

Faroe Islands
24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji
137,000 (1999)

Finland
2.6 million (2000 est.)

France
26.6 million (2001 est.)

French Guiana
58,800 (1997)

French Polynesia
70,000 (1996)

Gabon
600,000

Gambia, The
400,000

Gaza Strip
NA

Georgia
2.1 million (2001 est.)

Germany
41.9 million (2001)

Ghana
9 million (2000 est.)

Gibraltar
14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

Greece
4.37 million (2002 est.)

Greenland
24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada
42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe
125,900 (1997)

Guam
60,000 (2000 est.)

Guatemala
4.2 million (1999 est.)

Guernsey
31,322 (2000)

Guinea
3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau
480,000

Guyana
418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti
3.6 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City)
NA

Honduras
2.3 million (1997 est.)

Hong Kong
3.52 million (2001 est.)

Hungary
4.2 million (1997)

Iceland
159,000 (2000)

India
406 million (1999)

Indonesia
99 million (1999)

Iran
21 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)

Iraq
6.5 million (2002 est.)

Ireland
1.8 million (2001)

Israel
2.5 million (2002 est.)

Italy
23.6 million (2001 est.)

Jamaica
1.13 million (1998)

Japan
67.7 million (December 2001)

Jersey
57,050 (1996)

Jordan
1.36 million (2002)

Kazakhstan
8.4 million (1999)

Kenya
10 million (2001 est.)

Kiribati
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers

Korea, North
9.6 million

Korea, South
22 million (2001)

Kuwait
1.3 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force. (1998
est.)

Kyrgyzstan
2.7 million (2000)

Laos
2.4 million (1999)

Latvia
1.1 million (2001 est.)

Lebanon
1.5 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(2001 est.)

Lesotho
838,000

Libya
1.5 million (2000 est.)

Liechtenstein
29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute
from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256)

Lithuania
1.5 million (2001 est.)

Luxembourg
262,300 (of whom 87,400 are foreign cross-border workers
primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)

Macau
214,000 (2002)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
1.1 million (2000 est.)

Madagascar
7.3 million (2000)

Malawi
4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia
9.9 million (2001 est.)

Maldives
88,000 (2000)

Mali
3.93 million (2001 est.)

Malta
160,000 (2002 est.)

Man, Isle of
36,610 (1998)

Marshall Islands
28,698

Martinique
165,900 (1998)

Mauritania
786,000 (2001)

Mauritius
514,000 (1995)

Mayotte
48,800 (2000)

Mexico
39.8 million (2000)

Micronesia, Federated States of
NA

Moldova
1.7 million (1998)

Monaco
30,540 (January 1994)

Mongolia
1.4 million (2001)

Montserrat
4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic
activity

Morocco
11 million (1999)

Mozambique
9.2 million (2000 est.)

Namibia
725,000 (2000)

Nepal
10 million
note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)

Netherlands
7.2 million (2000)

Netherlands Antilles
89,000

New Caledonia
79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)

New Zealand
1.92 million (2001 est.)

Nicaragua
1.7 million (1999)

Niger
70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

Nigeria
66 million (1999 est.)

Niue
NA

Norfolk Island
NA

Northern Mariana Islands
6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699
unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers

Norway
2.4 million (2000 est.)

Oman
920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan
40.4 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2000)

Palau
9,845 (2000)

Panama
1.1 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea
2.3 million (1999)

Paraguay
2 million (2000 est.)

Peru
7.5 million (2000 est.)

Philippines
33.7 million (2002)

Pitcairn Islands
12 able-bodied men (1997)

Poland
17.6 million (2000 est.)

Portugal
5.1 million (2000)

Puerto Rico
1.3 million (2000)

Qatar
280,122 (1997 est.)

Reunion
309,900 (2000)

Romania
9.9 million (1999 est.)

Russia
71.8 million (2002 est.)

Rwanda
4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena
3,500
note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
18,172 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia
43,800

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3,261 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
67,000 (1984 est.)

Samoa
90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino
18,500 (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe
NA

Saudi Arabia
7 million
note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national

Senegal
NA

Serbia and Montenegro
3 million (2001 est.)

Seychelles
30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone
1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore
2.19 million (2000)

Slovakia
3 million (1999)

Slovenia
857,400

Solomon Islands
26,842

Somalia
3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)

South Africa
17 million economically active

Spain
17.1 million (2001)

Sri Lanka
6.6 million (1998)

Sudan
11 million (1996 est.)

Suriname
100,000

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
383,200 (2000)

Sweden
4.4 million (2000 est.)

Switzerland
4 million (2001)

Syria
5.2 million (2000 est.)

Taiwan
10 million (2003)

Tajikistan
3.187 million (2000)

Tanzania
13.495 million

Thailand
33.4 million (2001 est.)

Togo
1.74 million (1996)

Tokelau
NA

Tonga
33,908 (1996)

Trinidad and Tobago
564,000 (2000)

Tunisia
2.69 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2001 est.)

Turkey
23.8 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2001 3rd quarter)

Turkmenistan
2.34 million (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu
7,000 (2001 est.)

Uganda
12 million (2001 est.)

Ukraine
22.8 million (yearend 1997)

United Arab Emirates
1.6 million (2000 est.)
note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 2002 est.) (2000 est.)

United Kingdom
29.7 million (2001)

United States
141.8 million (includes unemployed) (2001)

Uruguay
1.2 million (2001)

Uzbekistan
11.9 million (1998 est.)

Vanuatu
NA

Venezuela
9.9 million (1999)

Vietnam
38.2 million (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands
49,000 (2002 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
NA

West Bank
NA

Western Sahara
12,000

World
NA

Yemen
NA

Zambia
4.29 million (2000)

Zimbabwe
5.8 million (2000 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

======================================================================

@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan
total: 5,529 km
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Albania
total: 720 km
border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km

Algeria
total: 6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,
Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa
0 km

Andorra
total: 120.3 km
border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola
total: 5,198 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of
which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),
Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla
0 km

Antarctica
0 km
note: see entry on International disputes

Antigua and Barbuda
0 km

Argentina
total: 9,665 km
border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,
Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia
total: 1,254 km
border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba
0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands
0 km

Australia
0 km

Austria
total: 2,562 km
border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366
km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330
km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan
total: 2,013 km
border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia
(with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran
(with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The
0 km

Bahrain
0 km

Baker Island
0 km

Bangladesh
total: 4,246 km
border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados
0 km

Bassas da India
0 km

Belarus
total: 2,900 km
border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km,
Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium
total: 1,385 km
border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km,
Netherlands 450 km

Belize
total: 516 km
border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin
total: 1,989 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km,
Togo 644 km

Bermuda
0 km

Bhutan
total: 1,075 km
border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia
total: 6,743 km
border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,
Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 1,459 km
border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km

Botswana
total: 4,013 km
border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe
813 km

Bouvet Island
0 km

Brazil
total: 14,691 km
border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia
1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,
Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory
0 km

British Virgin Islands
0 km

Brunei
total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria
total: 1,808 km
border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km,
Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso
total: 3,193 km
border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km,
Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma
total: 5,876 km
border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km,
Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi
total: 974 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda
290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia
total: 2,572 km
border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon
total: 4,591 km
border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km,
Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298
km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada
total: 8,893 km
border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde
0 km

Cayman Islands
0 km

Central African Republic
total: 5,203 km
border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic
Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan
1,165 km

Chad
total: 5,968 km
border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197
km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile
total: 6,171 km
border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

China
total: 22,147.34 km
border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km,
Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea
1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia
4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605
km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km

Christmas Island
0 km

Clipperton Island
0 km