Chapter M: Cocceius Nerva. M. Ulpius Trajanus

Nerva, 214 Adoption of Trajan, 215 Death of Nerva. Trajan’s accession to the throne, 217 Character of Trajan, 217 War in Dacia, 219 War with the Parthians, 219 Conquests in the East, 220 Trajan dies at Selinus, 221

ART AND LITERATURE UNDER TRAJAN.

Apollodorus of Damascus, 221 Architecture under Trajan, 222 _Forum Ulpium._ Trajan’s column, 223 Later buildings, and castings, 224 Literature. Tacitus, 224 Pliny the younger, 226 Florus, 227 Greek literature. Dio Chrysostom, 227 Plutarch, 228

HADRIAN. T. ANTONINUS PIUS. M. AURELIUS ANTONINUS.

Adoption of Hadrian, 229 Remission of taxes, 229 Outbreak of the Jews, under Barkochba, 230 Hadrian’s journey through the provinces. Love for Athens, 280 Hadrian’s melancholy, 230 Adoption of Ælius Verus, and of T. Antoninus (Pius), 231 Foundation of Roman jurisprudence, 281 Literature. _Lingua rustica_, 281 Contempt for the old writers, 232 Hadrian favours Greek literature, 282 Gellius. Fronto, 233 African school. Apuleius, Tertullian, 233 Greek literature, 234 Lucian. Galen. Pausanias, 286 _Moles Hadriani._ Hadrian’s villa, 285 Hadrian as an author, 286 _T. Antoninus Pius_, 236 Wars on the borders, 236 Insurrections. Earthquakes, 237 Gaius. Sextus Empiricus. Appian, 237 Manufactures of Egypt, 237 _M. Aurelius Antoninus_, philosopher, 237 Stoicism. Junius Rusticus. Epictetus. Arrian, 289 War on the borders, 240 L. Verus, 240 War against the Parthians, 240 Plague, 241 War with the German nations, 241 Rebellion of Avidius Cassius, 243 Death of M. Aurelius, 246 Gellius, 247

COMMODUS. PERTINAX. DIDIUS JULIANUS. SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS.

Commodus. M. Perennis, 247 Extravagance and cruelty of Commodus, 248 Murder of Commodus, 249 _Pertinax_, 249 _Didius Julianus_, one of the prætorians, aims at the sovereignty, 249 Clodius Albinus, 250 _Septimus Severus_, 250 War of Pescennius Niger, 252 Victory over Clodius Albinus, 253 War against the Parthians, 253 M. Bassianus Antoninus Caracalla, 254 Julia Domna, 254 Changes in the administration of Italy, 255 _Correctores_, 255