Chapter X (8)

University, Jefferson’s recommendation of a national, iii. 346,
347; iv. 365;
Madison’s recommendation of, v. 319;
recommended by Madison in 1815, ix. 105;
again in 1816, 143.

Upham, Timothy, lieutenant-colonel commanding the Eleventh U. S.
Infantry at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 189.

Urquijo, Don Mariano Luis de, i. 355, 365, 368.

_Uti possidetis_, claimed by England at Ghent, ix. 9, 17, 34;
exceeded by British demands, 21;
opposed to _status ante bellum_, 33, 34;
rejected, 37;
abandoned, 41, 42.

Utica in 1800, i. 3.

Van Buren, Martin, his support of De Witt Clinton, vi. 409, 413;
special judge advocate in Hull’s trial, vii. 417;
prevents Crawford’s nomination to the Presidency, ix. 123.

Vanderbilt, Cornelius, i. 28.

Vandeul, M. de, French chargé at Madrid, confers with Godoy
respecting the cession of West Florida, v. 380;
rebuked by Talleyrand at Napoleon’s order, 384.

Van Ness, William P., i. 109;
author of pamphlet by “Aristides,” ii. 73, 171;
carries Burr’s demand to Hamilton, 186.

Van Rensselaer, Solomon, colonel of New York militia, commands
attack on Queenston, vi. 348.

Van Rensselaer, Stephen, major-general of New York militia, ordered
to take command at Niagara, vi. 321;
forwards letter to Hull, 324;
his force, Aug. 19, 1812, 341;
his alarming position, 342, 343;
his force, Sept. 15, 344;
expected to invade Canada with six thousand men, 345;
his attack on Queenston, 346, 347–353;
retires from command, 353;
Monroe’s opinion of, 396;
Jefferson’s comment on, 398.

Varnum, Joseph B., member of Congress from Massachusetts, ii. 123;
candidate for Speaker of the Ninth Congress, iii. 128;
chosen Speaker of the Tenth Congress, iv. 153;
re-elected Speaker in the Eleventh Congress, v. 76;
his rulings on the previous question, 353;
elected senator, vi. 116;
defeated candidate for governor, vii. 50;
his speech on Giles’s bill for drafting eighty thousand militia,
viii. 269–270;
votes against Giles’s bill, 273;
votes against internal improvements, ix. 150.

Vermilion River, Indian boundary, vi. 97, 98.

Vermont, militia recalled from national service, vii. 366;
furnishes supplies to British army, vii. 146; viii. 93;
militia not called out to defend Plattsburg, 222;
refuses to attend the Hartford Convention, 227;
chooses federalist Congressmen, 228;
prosperous, ix. 160.

“Vesuvius,” steamboat on the Mississippi, ix. 172.

Vice-Presidency, change in mode of election for, ii. 132–134.

Victor, Marshal, to command French forces in Louisiana, ii. 5.

Vienna, Napoleon’s draft for a decree of, v. 143, 144, 150, 152;
Congress of, ix. 24, 36.

Villeré plantation, at New Orleans, seized by British advance,
viii. 337, 339.

Vimieiro, battle of, iv. 315, 340.

Vincennes, territorial capital of Indiana, vi. 68, 71, 79;
the Shawnee prophet’s talk at, 80;
Tecumthe’s talks at, 85, 91;
citizens’ meeting at, 92;
Indian deputation at, 108;
panic at, 110.

Vincent, Colonel, his account of Toussaint, i. 382.

Vincent, John, British brigadier-general, evacuates Fort George,
vii. 157;
attacks at Stony Creek, 159, 160;
recaptures Fort George, 202.

Virginia in 1800, i. 32;
farming in, 33, 131 _et seq._;
horse-racing, 51;
Washington’s views on the value of land in, 135;
Church and State in, 136;
adoption of the Constitution by, 139;
Resolutions, 140 _et seq._;
law to prevent extradition, ii. 334, 345, 398;
Madison’s position in, ii. 217; iii. 120; iv. 226;
hostility of, to cities and fortifications, iii. 352;
opposed to Pennsylvania on the slave-trade bill, 356–369;
effect of embargo on, iv. 265, 281;
creates manufactures in New England, v. 19, 20;
apathy of, toward the war, vi. 413, 414;
exports of, affected by the blockade, vii. 264, 265;
operations of war on the shores of, 265–277;
militia, mortality of, viii. 219;
her relative rank and obligations, 233;
money furnished by, 234;
men furnished by, 235;
soldiers and sailors of, 236, 237;
arrears of internal taxes in, 256;
creates a State army, 283;
effect of peace on, ix. 60, 61;
congressional election in 1815, 93;
increase of population, 1800–1816, 155;
increase of wealth, 161–167;
legislative reports on roads and banks, 165, 166;
judicial decision of, in case of Martin against Hunter’s lessee,
190–192;
resolutions of 1798 obsolete in 1817, 194.

Virginians, i. 133 _et seq._;
middle and lower classes of, 137;
agriculture their resource, 138.

“Vixen,” sloop-of-war, captured, vi. 386; vii. 312, 313.

Volney describes the American habits of diet, i. 44.

Voltaire, i. 161.

Wabash, valley of, vi. 67, 68, 75, 77;
Harrison’s land purchase in, 83;
war imminent in, 85.

Wadsworth, Decius, colonel commissary general of ordnance, detailed
to erect fortifications at Bladensburg, viii. 132, 141;
refuses to obey Monroe’s orders, 158, 159.

Wadsworth, William, brigadier-general of New York militia, vi. 351;
surrenders at Queenston, 352.

Wagner, Jacob, chief clerk of the State Department, i. 236; ii.
267;
editor of the “Federal Republican,” vi. 406, 407.

Walbach, John B., adjutant-general to Wilkinson at Chrystler’s
Farm, vii. 189.

Wales, Prince of (see George, Prince of Wales).

Wales, R. W., captain of British sloop-of-war “Epervier,” his
report of action with the “Peacock,” viii. 182, 183.

Walpole, Lord, British ambassador at St. Petersburg, his remarks on
Roumanzoff, vii. 354.

War, Jefferson’s recommendation of a fund for, iii. 3;
cost of, 1812–1815, ix. 90, 91.

War with England, declared by Monroe to be nearly decided in
November, 1811, vi. 130;
recommended by House Committee of Foreign Relations, Nov. 29,
1811, 133–136;
its objects explained by Peter B. Porter, 136;
its probable effects discussed by Felix Grundy, 138, 141;
Grundy’s account of its causes, 139, 140;
Macon’s view of its object, 145;
Monroe’s remarks on, 190;
Madison’s message recommending, 221–226;
expediency of, 223;
Calhoun’s report on causes, 226;
Calhoun’s bill for, adopted by the House, 228;
by the Senate, 228, 229;
and signed by the President, 229;
criticisms on the conduct of, 392–399;
opposition to, 398–403;
apathy toward, 414;
only attainable object of, 418;
reasons of continuance, 430–432.

War Department (see Dearborn, Eustis, Armstrong, Monroe, Dallas).

War Power, ii. 100, 101, 105, 106, 108, 113;
over the militia, vi. 159–161.

“War in Disguise,” pamphlet by James Stephen, iii. 50.

Ward, Artemas, member of Congress from (Boston) Massachusetts, on
defence of the Union, viii. 276.

Ward, Robert Plumer, vi. 279.

Ware, Henry, appointed Professor of Theology at Harvard College, i.
311;
his Unitarianism, ix. 176, 182, 205.

Ware, Henry, the younger, ix. 206.

Ware, William, ix. 206.

Warren, John, iv. 411.

Warren, Admiral Sir John Borlase, his authority to suspend
hostilities, vii. 4; ix. 33;
his blockade of May 26, 1813, vii. 262;
his operations in Chesapeake Bay, 265–277;
his remarks on Broke’s victory, 302.

Warren, Dr. J. C., his description of Boston customs in 1800, i.
91;
professor of anatomy at Harvard College, ix. 206.

Warrington, Lewis, commander in U. S. Navy, commands “Peacock,”
viii. 181;
captures “Epervier,” 182, 184;
sails from New York, ix. 63;
fires into “Nautilus,” 73.

“Warrior,” privateer brig, her escape, vii. 326.

Warton, agent of Burr, iii. 238.

Washington city in 1800, i. 30;
expense of living in, iv. 209;
F. J. Jackson’s impressions of, v. 116–119;
threatened by British fleet in July, 1813, vii. 55, 277;
fears for safety of, 56;
declared to be adequately defended, 57;
neglect of its defences, viii. 120;
military district created to protect, 122;
result of measures of defence, 123;
British reasons for attacking, 121, 127, 130;
measures of defence taken after August 18, 131, 132;
Winder retreats to, 135, 136;
natural defences of, 138;
capture and burning of, 145–148; ix. 21;
conduct of citizens of, viii. 158, 159, 160;
militia system tested at, 218;
report of investigating committee on capture of, 277;
Ross’s treatment of, approved by his government, 314, 315;
defence of, compared with that of New Orleans, 340–342;
news of capture received at Ghent, ix. 31, 42;
Lord Liverpool on capture of, 38;
news from New Orleans and Ghent received at, 57, 58;
banks share in loan of 1815, 102;
public buildings rebuilt, 142, 143.

Washington, (or Warburton) Fort (see Fort Washington).

Washington, President, opinion of American farming-lands, i. 35;
his support of a national bank, 65;
on emancipation in Pennsylvania and its effects, 135;
establishes the precedent of addressing Congress in a speech,
247;
his personal authority, 262, 320;
denounced by Thomas Paine, 328;
expenditures of his administration, v. 200;
Jefferson’s estimate of, viii. 232.

“Wasp,” sloop-of-war, vi. 364, 378;
her action with the “Frolic,” 379, 380; vii. 310, 312.

“Wasp,” new American 22-gun sloop-of-war built in 1813, viii. 184,
237;
in the British Channel in June, 1814, 185;
captures the “Reindeer,” 186, 187;
sinks the “Avon,” 188–192;
lost, 193;
gunnery of, ix. 230.

Water communication in 1800, i. 8.

Waterhouse, Dr., i. 93.

Waterloo, ix. 56.

Watmough, John G., lieutenant of artillery, in Fort Erie, viii. 76.

Watson, W. H., first lieutenant of the “Argus,” vii. 306, 308.

Watt, first lieutenant of the “Shannon,” killed, vii. 296.

Wayne, Fort, vi. 294.

Wea Indians, vi. 71, 75, 87.

Weatherford, William, Creek half-breed, vii. 229, 244, 257.

Webster, Daniel, his Rockingham Resolutions, vi. 403;
member of Congress from Massachusetts, vii. 53;
his resolutions on the repeal of French decrees, 55, 58;
his speech on repealing the restrictive system, 375, 376, 377;
his speech on a defensive war, 382, 383;
his speech on Dallas’s bank scheme, viii. 258;
his bank scheme adopted by Congress, 259, 260;
deprecates disunion, 275;
defeats conscription, 279;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 108, 110;
opposes protective duties, 115;
opposes bank, 117, 118;
favors Compensation Act, 120;
his report on repeal of the Compensation Act, 144;
becomes resident of Boston, 206;
a type, 216.

Webster, Noah, i. 62, 105;
presides at Amherst town-meeting, viii. 5.

Weld, Rev. Abijah, of Attleborough, i. 21.

Weld, Isaac, Jr., an English traveller describes condition of inns
in America, i. 46, 52;
describes Princeton College, 129;
describes William and Mary College, 136;
at Wilmington, 182.

Wellesley, Marquess, his character, v. 264, 265, 269;
appointed ambassador to the Supreme Junta, 267;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 268;
his friendship with Pinkney, 270, 275;
his promises, 271;
his note on Jackson, 272;
his remark on American hatred, 273;
his procrastination, 277–280, 285;
his contempt for his colleagues, 281, 282;
resolves to retire, 285;
his reply to Champagny’s letter of August 5, 286;
hopes for a Whig ministry in November, 1811, vi. 4;
his controversy with Pinkney over the French decrees and the law
of blockade, 5, 6, 9;
abandons hope of a Whig ministry, 14;
rejects Pinkney’s demands, 14, 15, 18;
appoints a minister to Washington, 16;
his instructions of April 10, 1811, to the new minister (see
Foster), 22, 23;
criticises his colleagues for apathy toward America, 24;
his instructions to Foster of Jan. 28, 1812, 191, 192;
settles the “Chesapeake” affair, 121, 122, 270;
urges his colleagues to choose a course, 267, 268;
resigns from the Cabinet, Jan. 16, 1812, 271;
on the American government, vii. 10.

Wellesley, Sir Arthur, Duke of Wellington, wins the battle of
Vimieiro iv. 315;
in India, v. 266;
fights the battle of Talavera, 106;
made a viscount, 264;
general-in-chief, 267;
retreats into Portugal, 268;
fails in siege of Burgos, vii. 4, 9;
invades France, 356;
his remarks on Prevost’s retreat from Plattsburg, viii. 113;
his remarks on his troops sent to America, 113, 354; ix. 41;
brother-in-law of Pakenham, viii. 353;
on the negotiations at Ghent, ix. 40–42.

Wellesley, Henry, v. 264;
envoy in Spain, 268;
on Perceval’s commercial policy, 283, 284.

Wells, Samuel, colonel of Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, vii. 89,
90–92, 95, 110.

Wells town-meeting in January, 1809, vi. 414.

West, Benjamin, i. 127.

West Indian Report, ii. 68.

West Indian trade, English policy toward, ii. 318;
value of, to England, 331, 413, 415.

West Point Military Academy established, i. 301;
school at, v. 319;
value of, in the war, ix. 235, 236.

“Western World,” the, iii. 273.

Westmoreland, Earl of, Lord Privy Seal, i. 282;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, iv.
89.

Wewocau, Little Warrior of (see Little Warrior).

Wheat, value of export of, in 1815, ix. 94, 95.

Whiskey-tax, rejected, ii. 167.

Whitbread, Samuel, member of Parliament, i. 50; ii. 270;
on the American war, vii. 11, 21, 24.

Whitby, Captain, of the “Leander,” iii. 199.

White House, at Washington, burned by Ross, viii. 145, 146, 230,
231;
rebuilt, ix. 143.

White, Samuel, senator from Delaware, iv. 146.

Whitney, Eli, i. 181.

Whittemore, Asa, i. 182.

Whitworth, Lord, British minister at Paris, Napoleon’s announcement
to, ii. 19.

Wickham, John, Burr’s counsel, iii. 444;
his opening speech in the Burr trial, 465.

Widgery, William, member of Congress from Massachusetts, vi. 400.

Wilberforce, William, member of Parliament, vi. 273, 280.

Wilde, Richard Henry, member of Congress from Georgia, on the
decline of the House of Representatives, ix. 146.

Wilkinson, James, brigadier-general and governor of the Louisiana
Territory, ii. 220;
portrayed by Turreau, 406;
his relations with Burr, 408;
holds civil and military powers, iii. 176;
his military force in 1806, 299;
sends Lieutenant Pike to find the sources of the Mississippi, 213;
and to New Mexico, 214;
Burr’s friend, 219 _et seq._;
joins Burr at Fort Massac, 222;
author of Burr’s projects against Mexico, 223, 234;
discouraged, 227;
opposed to attacking Spanish territory, 249;
receives cipher despatch from Burr, 253;
in communication with the Spanish authorities, 262, 263;
Governor Mirò’s agent, 269;
denounced by Daveiss as a Spanish pensioner, 270;
at New Orleans, 297;
Laussat’s opinion of, 298;
ordered to Natchitoches, 310;
receives Burr’s letter at Natchitoches, and communicates its
contents to Colonel Cushing, 312 _et seq._;
writes to Jefferson, 314;
writes again to the President, 315;
takes command in New Orleans, 317;
tells Bollman his intention to oppose Burr’s schemes, 318;
demands of Claiborne the supreme command, 318;
establishes a degree of martial law in New Orleans, 319;
his letter to Clark, 321;
his acts, 323;
despatches including his version of Burr’s cipher received by
Jefferson, 336;
assailed by Randolph and the Federalists, 341;
in the receipt of a pension from the King of Spain, 342;
arrives at the Burr trial, 454;
deserted by Clark, 454;
accused by Major Bruff, 454;
supported by Jefferson, 456;
escapes indictment for treason, 457;
Randolph brings charges against, iv. 208;
his movements, v. 37;
Gallatin’s remarks on his character, 38;
military court of inquiry on, 169;
his influence on the army, 169;
ordered to New Orleans, 170;
his encampment at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
summoned to Washington for investigation, 175;
senior brigadier, vi. 291;
appointed major-general, Feb. 27, 1813, vii. 37;
ordered from New Orleans to Sackett’s Harbor, March 10, 1813,
172, 215;
causes of his transfer, 173, 216;
arrives at Washington, July 31, 174;
takes command of military district No. 9, 175, 176;
his plan of campaign, 177, 178;
goes to Niagara, 179;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, October 2, 179;
his relations with Armstrong, 180–182;
his expedition down the St. Lawrence, 184–191;
goes into winter quarters at French Mills, 199;
throws blame on Armstrong and Hampton, 199;
advises evacuation of Fort George, 201;
his administration at New Orleans, 214;
seizes Mobile, 215; viii. 322;
on Armstrong, vii. 406;
court-martialed, 407;
on Jacob Brown, 408;
at French Mills, viii. 24;
demands a court martial, 25;
attacks Lacolle Mill, 25, 26;
relieved and court-martialed, 26, 27.

William and Mary, college of, i. 136.

Williams, A. J., captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii.
37;
in Fort Erie, 71;
killed, 76.

Williams, David R., member of Congress from South Carolina, iii.
358; iv. 213;
his argument in favor of the embargo, 266, 378;
declares that the embargo is the wish of the South, 421, 426;
on the repeal of the embargo, 436, 439, 448, 450, 451;
not a member of the Eleventh Congress, v. 76;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
chairman of military committee, 124, 435.

Williams, John, colonel of Thirty-Ninth U. S. Infantry, ordered to
join Jackson, vii. 245, 251;
arrives at Fort Strother, 252.

Williams, Samuel, iv. 167;
Pickering gives Rose a letter to, 235.

Williams, Timothy, iv. 117.

Williamson, Colonel, Burr’s agent, iii. 219, 229, 234, 238.

Wilna, in Poland, Barlow’s journey to, vi. 263, 264.

Wilson, Alexander, describes New England in 1808, i. 19;
on North Carolina, 36, 57, 124.

Wilson, Judge, i. 127.

Winchester, James, brigadier-general, vi. 291;
yields command to Harrison, vii. 75;
commands left division at Fort Defiance, 77, 78, 79;
hardships of his men, 80;
by Harrison’s orders moves to the Maumee Rapids, 84, 86;
his force, 87;
sends detachment to Frenchtown, 88;
follows to Frenchtown, 90;
his account of the position, 91, 92;
defeated and captured, 96;
effect of his defeat on the Creek Indians, 223, 226, 227;
commands at Mobile, 383, 385.

Winder, Levin, governor of Maryland in 1814, viii. 122, 168.

Winder, William H., colonel of Fourteenth Infantry, vi. 357, 359;
brigadier-general, vii. 156;
takes part in capture of Fort George, 157;
advances to Stony Creek, 159;
captured, 160;
appointed to command new military district at Washington, viii.
122;
his physical activity, 123, 131, 132;
takes command of forces at the Woodyard, 133;
retreats to the Old Fields, 134;
retreats to the navy-yard, 135, 136;
his letter to the Secretary of War, August 24, 137;
his supposed motives for occupying the navy-yard, 135–138;
starts for Bladensburg, 139;
rides about the field, 140;
retreats to the capitol, 142;
retreats to Georgetown, 153, 156;
retreats to Rockville, 154;
his fear of responsibility, 154, 155;
goes to Baltimore, 156;
yields command to Samuel Smith, 167;
his measures compared with Jackson’s, 340–343.

Windham, County of, in Vermont, sends delegate to the Hartford
Convention, viii. 293.

Wirt, William, counsel for government, iii. 445;
his eloquence in Burr’s trial, 465;
his opinion of Chief-Justice Marshall, 469;
his description of Madison in October, 1814, viii. 230, 231.

Wistar, Dr. Caspar, i. 127.

Wolcott, Alexander, v. 359, 360.

Wolcott, Oliver, iii. 199;
republican candidate for governor of Connecticut, ix. 133.

Wood, Eleazar Derby, major of engineers, constructs Fort Meigs,
vii. 93, 99, 104; ix. 235;
his comments on the affair at the River Raisin, vii. 93;
with Brown on the Niagara, viii. 47;
directs entrenchments at Fort Erie, 67;
takes command of Twenty-first Infantry, 74;
leads sortie from Fort Erie, 87;
killed, 88, 89.

Wood, John, his career, iii. 272;
made editor of the “Western World” by Marshall and Daveiss, 273.

Woodyard, the, Winder’s army camps at, viii. 134.

Wool, John E., captain of Thirteenth Infantry, gains Queenston
Heights, vi. 349, 350.

Woollen manufactures, v. 17;
depressed by the peace, ix. 96;
fabrics in the tariff of 1816, ix. 111, 113, 114.

Worcester, Dr. Samuel, his reply to Channing, ix. 180, 181.

Wordsworth, William, i. 94;
his lines on America, 169, 172.

Workman, Judge, iii. 303, 319.

Wright, Robert, member of Congress from Maryland, his motion on
impressments, v. 351, 352;
opposes Gallatin’s taxes, vi. 167;
his threats against opposition, 213;
on the payment of taxes in suspended bank paper, viii. 256.

Wythe, George, i. 133.

X. Y. Z. affair, i. 355, 358, 359.

Yale College, i. 106;
remains orthodox, ix. 186.

Yarnall, John J., lieutenant in U. S. navy, Perry’s first officer
on the “Lawrence,” vii. 123;
his comment on Elliott, 125.

Yazoo Act, i. 304.

Yazoo bill, passage of, vii. 401, 402;
Marshall’s decision on claims, ix. 189, 190.

Yazoo Compromise, ii. 210;
Madison’s measure, 211;
vote upon, 217;
the test of parties, iii. 119, 350;
bill for settling rejected, 177.

Yeo, Sir James Lucas, British commodore on Lake Ontario, vii. 160;
his attack on Sackett’s Harbor, 164, 169;
reinforces Kingston, 180, 181;
captures “Vixen,” 313;
attacks Oswego, 29, 30;
brings charges against Prevost, 112.

York, or Toronto, capital of Upper Canada, vi. 316;
captured by Dearborn, vii. 152, 154, 155;
public buildings burned, 155.

York, Duke of, v. 57, 58, 105.

“Yorktown,” privateer, captured, vii. 329.

“Young Wasp,” privateer, viii. 196.

Yrujo, Don Carlos Martinez, Spanish minister at Washington, his
intimate relations with Jefferson, i. 425;
writes to Morales with respect to the right of deposit, 427;
announces the restoration of the right of deposit, ii. 3;
protests against the sale of Louisiana, 92, 252 _et seq._;
his anger, 258, 389;
obtains from American lawyers an opinion, 259;
attacks Madison, 260;
his affair with Jackson, 265;
visits Jefferson at Monticello, 266;
publishes counter statement as to his affair with Jackson, 268;
relations of, with White House, 362;
indiscretion, 368;
at the White House, 369;
concerts reprisals with Merry, 373;
to be sent away, iii. 73, 74, 79;
criticises Jefferson’s message, 184;
arrives in Washington, 185;
receives a letter from Madison asking for his withdrawal, 186;
his reply and subsequent conduct, 187 _et seq._;
his remonstrances about Miranda, 194;
named minister to Milan, 196;
attacks Madison in the press, 209;
receives a secret visit from Dayton, 233;
his report to his government respecting Burr’s proposal, 236
_et seq._;
writes to Cevallos of Burr’s communications, 247;
notifies his government of Burr’s intentions, 261;
Burr’s message to him, 264 _et seq._;
letter on Wilkinson, 342.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The Times, Feb. 4 and 10, 1814.

[2] The Times, April 23, 1814.

[3] The Sun, Aug. 4, 1814.

[4] The Times, April 15, 1814.

[5] The Morning Post, Jan. 27 and Feb. 1, 1814.

[6] The Courier, Jan. 27, 1814.

[7] The Courier, May 19 and 24, 1814.

[8] Niles, vi. 322.

[9] Compressed view of the Points to be discussed in treating with America. London, 1814.

[10] Niles, vi. 238.

[11] Adams’s Gallatin, p. 514.

[12] Gallatin to Clay, April 22, 1814; Adams’s Gallatin, p. 506.

[13] Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 67.

[14] Instructions of Jan. 28, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 701.

[15] Monroe’s Instructions of June 23, 1813; MSS. State Department Records.

[16] Instructions of Jan. 1 and Jan. 28, 1814; MSS. State Department Records.

[17] Diary of J. Q. Adams, iii. 51.

[18] Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 86.

[19] Note of British Commissioners, Aug. 19, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 710.

[20] Diary of J. Q. Adams, iii. 17, 18.

[21] Diary of J. Q. Adams, iii. 20, 101.

[22] Despatch of Aug. 19, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 708.

[23] Note of Aug. 24, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 711.

[24] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Aug. 25, 1814, iii. 23.

[25] Adams’s Gallatin, p. 524.

[26] Goulburn to Bathurst, Aug. 23, 1814; Wellington, Supplementary Despatches, ix. 189.

[27] Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 67, 86.

[28] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Aug. 19 and 20, 1814, iii. 19, 21.

[29] Goulburn to Bathurst, Aug. 24, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 190. Goulburn to Castlereagh, Aug. 26, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 193.

[30] Castlereagh to Bathurst, Aug. 28, 1814: Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 100.

[31] Castlereagh to Goulburn, Aug. 28, 1814; Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 102.

[32] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Sept. 2, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 214.

[33] Liverpool to Wellington, Sept. 2, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 212.

[34] Draft of note, etc., Sept. 1, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 245.

[35] Goulburn to Bathurst, Sept. 5 and 16, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 221, 265.

[36] Draft of note, etc., Sept. 16, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 263.

[37] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Sept. 20, 1814, iii. 38.

[38] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Sept. 25, 1814, iii. 41.

[39] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Sept. 25, 1814, iii. 42.

[40] American note of Sept. 26, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 719.

[41] Goulburn to Bathurst, Sept. 26, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 287.

[42] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Sept. 23, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 278.

[43] British note of Oct. 8, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 721.

[44] American note of Oct. 13, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 723.

[45] Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 168–173.

[46] Goulburn to Bathurst; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 366.

[47] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Oct. 21, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 367.

[48] British note of Oct. 21, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 724.

[49] American note of Oct. 24, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Affairs, iii. 725.

[50] Liverpool to Wellington, Oct. 28, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 384.

[51] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Oct. 28, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 382.

[52] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Nov. 2, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 382.

[53] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Jan. 16, 1815; Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 240.

[54] Liverpool to Wellington, Nov. 4, 1814; Liverpool to Castlereagh, Nov. 4, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 404, 405.

[55] Wellington to Castlereagh, Nov. 9, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, i. 426.

[56] Liverpool to Castlereagh, Nov. 18, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 438.

[57] Horner to J. A. Murray, Dec. 10, 1814; Horner’s Memoirs, ii. 213.

[58] The Morning Chronicle, Nov. 19, 1814.

[59] British note of Oct. 31, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Relations, iii. 726.

[60] American note of Nov. 10, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Relations, iii. 733.

[61] Goulburn to Bathurst, Nov. 10, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 427.

[62] Goulburn to Bathurst, Nov. 10, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 452.

[63] British note of Nov. 26, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Relations, iii. 740.

[64] Goulburn to Bathurst, Nov. 25, 1814; Wellington Supplementary Despatches, ix. 452.

[65] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Nov. 27, 1814, iii. 70.

[66] Diary of J. Q. Adams, iii. 72.

[67] Protocol of Dec. 1, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Relations, iii. 742.

[68] Bathurst to the Commissioners, Dec. 6, 1814; Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 214.

[69] American note of Dec. 14, 1814; State Papers, Foreign Relations, iii. 743.

[70] Diary of J. Q. Adams, Dec. 14, 1814, iii. 118.

[71] J. Q. Adams to his wife, Sept. 27, 1814; Adams MSS.

[72] Adams’s Gallatin, p. 599.

[73] Castlereagh Correspondence, x. 221.

[74] The Morning Chronicle, Dec. 30, 1814.

[75] Gore to Strong, Feb. 18, 1815; Lodge’s Cabot, p. 563.

[76] Goodrich’s Recollections, i. 503–505.

[77] Montreal Herald, March 18, 1815; Niles, viii. 132.

[78] Jefferson to W. Short, Nov. 28, 1814; Works, vi. 398.

[79] Report of Captain Hayes, Jan. 17, 1815; James, Appendix, p. clxxx; Niles, viii. 175.

[80] Log of the “Pomone;” Niles, viii. 133. Log of the “Endymion;” James, p. 427.

[81] Report of Captain Hayes; Niles, viii. 175.

[82] Decatur’s Report of Jan. 18, 1815; Niles, viii. 8.

[83] Log of the “Pomone;” Niles, viii. 133.

[84] Niles, vii. 364.

[85] Niles, viii. 133.

[86] Niles, viii. 147.

[87] Log of the “Endymion;” James, p. 428.

[88] Cooper’s Naval History, ii. 466.

[89] Adye’s Bombardier, p. 197. Douglas’s Naval Gunnery (Fourth edition), p. 103.

[90] Report of Injuries received by the “President;” James, Appendix, p. cxciv, no. 107.

[91] James’s Naval Occurrences, p. 429.

[92] James, p. 498.

[93] Admiral Tyler to Captain Dickinson, Jan. 31, 1815; Niles, viii. 345.

[94] Report of Lieutenant McDonald, April 6, 1815; James, Appendix, p. cc, no. 111.

[95] Biddle’s Report of June 10, 1815; Niles, viii. 438.

[96] Warrington’s Letter of Nov. 11, 1815; Niles, x. 58.

[97] Statement of the actual force, etc., Stewart’s Report; Niles, viii. 219.

[98] James, Naval Occurrences, p. 458.

[99] James, Naval Occurrences, p. 458.

[100] Minutes of the Action; Niles, viii. 219.

[101] Niles, viii. 363. Cf. Letter of Lieutenant Shubrick; Niles, viii. 383.

[102] Ingersoll, ii. 311.

[103] Annals of Congress, 1814–1815; iii. 1178.

[104] Annals of Congress, 1814–1815, pp. 1213, 1250.

[105] Madison to Dearborn, March 4, 1815; Madison’s Works, ii. 598.

[106] Niles, x. 154.

[107] Dallas’s Report of Dec. 6, 1815; State Papers, Finance, iii. 8.

[108] State Papers, Commerce and Navigation, ii. 647.

[109] Hammond, i. 401.

[110] State Papers, Commerce and Navigation, ii. 23.

[111] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 1651.

[112] Report on Manufactures, Feb. 13, 1816; Niles ix. 447.

[113] Report on Woollen Manufactures, March 6, 1816; Niles, x. 82.

[114] Niles’s Articles on the New England Convention, Dec. 8, 1814; Niles, vii. 196.

[115] Schedule etc.; Massachusetts Senate Document, No. 38, Jan. 17, 1838.

[116] Dallas’s Report of Dec. 3, 1816; State Papers, Finance, iii. 130.

[117] Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, Dec. 6, 1815; State Papers, Finance, iii. 11.

[118] Report of Dec. 6, 1815; State Papers, Finance, iii. 11.

[119] Gallatin to Jefferson, Nov. 27, 1815; Gallatin’s writings, i. 666. Gallatin to Macon, April 23, 1816; Gallatin’s writings, i. 697.

[120] Speech of Jan. 31, 1816; Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 830.

[121] Speech of Jan. 29, 1816; Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 787.

[122] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 841.

[123] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 844.

[124] Dallas to Calhoun, Dec. 24, 1815; Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 505.

[125] Report of Committee; Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 516.

[126] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 687.

[127] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 842.

[128] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 1245.

[129] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 1272.

[130] Annals of Congress, 1815–1816, p. 1091.

[131] Act of Sept. 22, 1789. Act of March 10, 1796.

[132] Annals of Congress; 1816–1817, p. 492.

[133] Annals of Congress; 1816–1817, p. 559.

[134] Hammond’s New York, 409.

[135] Hammond’s New York, 409.

[136] Crawford to Gallatin, May 10, 1816; Gallatin’s Writings, i. 702.

[137] Life and Writings of A. J. Dallas, p. 139.

[138] State Papers; Commerce and Navigation, i. 929.

[139] Madison to Dallas, July 16, 1816; Life of A. J. Dallas, p. 453

[140] Niles, x. 376.

[141] Gallatin, Banks and Currency; Works, iii. 293.

[142] Niles, x. 423.

[143] Dallas to Madison, Aug. 27, 1816; Life of Dallas, p. 471.

[144] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, pp. 392, 505, 604.

[145] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 501.

[146] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 497.

[147] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 535.

[148] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 517.

[149] Statement, etc.; State Papers, Finances, iii. 487.

[150] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 604.

[151] Dana’s Wheaton, pp. 541–542, _note_.

[152] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, p. 361.

[153] Annals of Congress, 1816–1817, pp. 853, 854.

[154] Pitkin, pp. 55–56.

[155] Pitkin, p. 373.

[156] Niles, 1817.

[157] Niles, ix. 427; xi. 196.

[158] Pitkin, p. 372.

[159] Niles, ix., Supplement, p. 165.

[160] Niles, ix., Supplement, p. 149.

[161] Niles, ix., Supplement, p. 150.

[162] Niles, ix., Supplement, p. 155.

[163] Pitkin, p. 372.

[164] The Wealth of the United States and the Rate of its Increase. By Henry Gannett, International Review, May, 1882.

[165] James, pp. 525, 528.

[166] Guerres Maritimes, ii. 286, 287.

[167] Naval Gunnery (Second edition), p. 3.

Transcriber’s Notes:

1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.

2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.

3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.

4. Italics are shown as _xxx_.