Chapter X (2)

Armstrong, John, senator from New York, i. 108, 113, 230, 234, 281;
ii. 157;
succeeds Livingston as minister at Paris, 291, 308;
notifies Monroe of Napoleon’s decision on Spanish claims and
boundaries, iii. 31, 32;
recommends a course toward Texas and Florida, 39;
to be employed in the Florida negotiation, 78;
receives Talleyrand’s conditions for an arrangement with Spain,
104;
attacked in the Senate, 153;
opposition to his appointment with Bowdoin to conduct the Florida
negotiation, 153, 172;
watching Talleyrand in Paris, 370;
offers to execute Talleyrand’s plan, 376;
approaches Napoleon through Duroc, 386;
asks Decrès for an explanation of the Berlin Decree, 390;
refused passports for Napoleon’s headquarters, iv. 105;
protests against the “Horizon” judgment, 110;
reports Napoleon’s order relating to the Berlin Decree, 112;
well informed with regard to Napoleon’s projects, 113;
remonstrates against the Milan Decree, 292;
receives from Champagny an offer of the Floridas as the price of
an alliance with France, 294;
replies to Champagny, 294;
refuses to present the case of the burned vessels to the French
government, 313;
his discontent, v. 28;
his relations with Roumanzoff, 29;
his complaints in 1809, 39;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, 135, 235;
his comments on the right of search, 145;
his interview with King Louis of Holland, 147, 148;
his despatch on Fouché and Montalivet, 224;
on Napoleon’s motives, 225;
his minute for a treaty, 228;
his recall asked by Napoleon, 228, 229, 252;
his remonstrance against the doctrine of retaliation, 233, 234;
his report of Jan. 10, 1810, 238;
inquires condition of revoking decrees, 251;
communicates Non-intercourse Act of May 1, 1810, 252;
his reception of Cadore’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 259, 260;
returns to America, 260, 261, 381;
declares Napoleon’s conditions to be not precedent, 261;
silent about indemnity, 260, 296;
Virginian jealousy of, 370;
on Napoleon’s designs on the Baltic, 417;
becomes brigadier-general, vi. 427;
his attitude toward Monroe and Madison, 426, 427;
nominated Secretary of War, 428;
his character, 428;
a source of discord, vii. 34;
Dallas’s opinion of, 35;
nominates Monroe as major-general, 36;
intends to command in chief, 37, 38;
alienates Gallatin, 39–41;
comments on military diplomacy, 100;
changes the plan of campaign in the northwest, 102, 103, 115;
comments on Harrison and Proctor, 114;
comments on strategy, 144;
his plan for attacking Kingston, in April, 1813, 148–150;
his plan changed by Dearborn and Chauncey, 153;
issues order dividing the Union into military districts, 156;
removes Dearborn from command, 171;
orders Wilkinson to Sackett’s Harbor, 172, 173, 215;
orders Hampton to Plattsburg, 174;
orders Wilkinson to attack Kingston, 175, 176;
goes to Sackett’s Harbor, 179;
his difficulties with Wilkinson, 180–182;
orders Hampton to prepare winter quarters, 183;
returns to Washington, 185, 186, 198;
his treatment of Hampton, 199, 200;
his orders for the defence of Fort George, 201, 202;
his responsibility for the loss of Fort Niagara, 203;
dismisses Andrew Jackson’s corps, 209, 210;
orders withdrawal from Amelia Island, 210;
orders Wilkinson to seize Mobile, 213, 214;
his instructions on capitulation of the Creeks, 259;
orders the confinement of hostages for naturalized soldiers, 361;
disliked by Virginians, 403, 404;
disliked by Madison, 405, 406;
feared, 406;
introduces new energy into the army, 407–409;
his irregular conduct in the appointment of Andrew Jackson, 410,
411;
his removal urged by Monroe, 411–414;
his share in the court-martial of William Hull, 414, 415;
his treatment of Hampton, 416;
Wilkinson’s remarks on, viii. 25;
orders Brown to attack Kingston, 27;
his letter to Brown on mistakes, 28;
his plan of a campaign at Niagara, 30–33;
orders Brown to cross the Niagara River, 33;
orders Izard to fortify Rouse’s Point, 97;
orders Izard to move his army to Sackett’s Harbor, 98–101;
his severity toward Izard, 114;
his neglect of the defences of Washington, 120;
his excuses, 121;
his attitude toward the defence of Washington, 122;
after August 20 alive to the situation, 132;
joins Winder on the morning of August 24, 137;
on Bladensburg battle-field, 149;
his conduct during the British advance, 155;
retires to Frederick, 156, 157;
militia refuse to serve under, 159;
returns to Washington, 160;
goes to Baltimore and resigns, 161;
cause of his retirement, 162;
his provision for the defence of New Orleans, 316, 317;
his criticism on Jackson’s Pensacola campaign, 330;
his criticism on Jackson’s first measures at New Orleans, 334;
his criticism on Jackson’s loss of Fort Bowyer, 384.

Army, Jefferson’s chaste reformation of, i. 238;
peace establishment in 1801 three thousand men, organized in one
regiment of artillery and two of infantry, 242, 261, 272, 301;
Jefferson’s principle regarding the, iii. 14, 15;
its condition in 1806, 334;
popular antipathy to, 349, 350–354;
increase of, to ten thousand men, in 1808, iv. 195, 198;
debate on increase of, 212–218;
establishment of 1808, one regiment of artillery, one regiment of
light artillery, one regiment of dragoons, one regiment of
riflemen, and seven regiments of infantry, 222–224;
enlistments stopped in June, 1809, v. 85;
its condition in 1809, 164, 169–171, 289;
encampment of, at Terre aux Bœufs, 171–175;
debate on reduction of, in 1810, 199–207;
raised to thirty-five thousand men by Act of Jan. 11, 1812, vi.
147, 148, 151, 153;
useless, 165;
condition of, 289, 292;
recruiting for, in May, 1812, 294;
war establishment in 1812, corps of engineers, two regiments of
light dragoons, one regiment of light artillery, three
regiments of artillerists, one regiment of riflemen, and
twenty-five regiments of infantry,--by law thirty-five
thousand men, 295;
enlistments in, 337, 390, 391, 401;
difficulty of filling ranks of, 394;
acts of Congress for filling ranks of, 435, 436;
war establishment of 1813, corps of engineers, two regiments of
light dragoons, one regiment of light artillery, three
regiments of artillery, one regiment of riflemen, and
forty-four regiments of infantry, rangers, and
sea-fencibles,--by law fifty-eight thousand men, 449; vii.
148, 381;
Monroe’s estimate of number of troops required in 1813, vii. 148;
actual force, in February, 1813, nineteen thousand men, 148, 149,
380;
mode of stating force of, in rank-and-file, 150;
aggregate strength of, in February, June, and December, 1813, and
January, 1814, 380, 381;
Troup’s bill for filling ranks of, 381, 382;
bounty and pay of, 382;
appropriations for, in 1814, 384;
organization of, in 1814, 384;
condition of, in 1814, viii. 17;
aggregate strength of, June and December, 1813, January, July,
and September, 1814, 216;
weakness of, in the field, 217;
bounties for, paid in Massachusetts and Virginia, 235;
Monroe recommends raising to one hundred thousand men by draft,
264, 265;
failure in recruiting service for, 266;
Congress unwilling to adopt efficacious measures for, 266, 267;
Giles’s bill for filling, 268, 273, 280;
“a mere handful of men,” 279;
aggregate strength of, December, 1814, and Feb. 16, 1815, 281;
allotment of, to military districts, 316, 317;
peace establishment discussed, ix. 83–86;
peace establishment fixed at ten thousand men, 86;
reduction of, 87–88.
(See Artillery, Infantry, Engineers.)

Artillery, one regiment of, on the army establishment of 1801, i.
301;
one regiment of light, added in 1808, iv. 223;
two regiments of, added in 1812, vi. 295, 345, 347;
corps of, vii. 384;
Hindman’s battalion of, viii. 37;
Towson’s company at Chippawa, 43, 44;
Hindman’s battalion at Lundy’s Lane, 50–53, 56–59;
and at Fort Erie, 71, 72, 75, 76, 83;
in military district No. 7, viii. 316;
in the night battle at New Orleans, 344, 345, 348;
in Jackson’s lines, 355, 358, 359, 361;
in the battle of Jan. 1, 1815, 361–366;
in the battle of Jan. 8, 374, 375.
(See Gunnery.)

Ash Island in the Richelieu River, a fortified British post, viii.
97.

Ashe, an English traveller, i. 43, 52, 53, 54.

Ashmun, Eli Porter, senator from Massachusetts, votes against
internal improvements, ix. 151.

“Asia,” American ship, burned by French squadron, vi. 193, 198.

Aspinwall, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth Infantry, viii.
35;
commands Scott’s brigade, 71;
wounded in the sortie from Fort Erie, 88.

Astor, John Jacob, i. 28; vi. 301;
shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45;
director of United States Bank, ix. 131.

“Atlas,” privateer, captured, vii. 277.

Attorney General. (See Levi Lincoln, Robert Smith, John
Breckinridge, Cæsar A. Rodney, William Pinkney, Richard Rush.)

Auckland, Lord, iii. 407.

“Aurora” newspaper, i. 118, 121; iii. 119.

Austerlitz, battle of, iii. 163, 370.

Austria, v. 27, 134;
fights battles of Essling and Wagram, 106;
interferes in Russian war, vii. 340;
declares war on Napoleon, 350.

“Avon,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, sunk by the “Wasp,” viii.
188–192.

“Avon,” privateer, viii. 194.

Bacon, Ezekiel, member of Congress from Massachusetts, determined
to overthrow the embargo, iv. 432, 436, 441, 450, 455, 463;
chairman of ways and means committee, vi. 156;
votes against frigates, 164;
moves war taxes, 165, 166.

Baen, William C., captain of Fourth U. S. Infantry, killed at
Tippecanoe, vi. 104.

Bailen, capitulation at, iv. 315, 341.

Bailey, Dixon, Creek half-breed, attacks Peter McQueen at Burnt
Corn, vii. 228, 229;
surprised and killed at Fort Mims, 229–231.

Bailey, Theodorus, i. 231, 266, 296.

Bainbridge, William, captain in U. S. navy, ii. 137, 426; vi. 384;
takes command of the “Constitution,” 384;
captures “Java,” 385, 386;
blockades the “Bonne Citoyenne,” vii. 288.

Baldwin, Abraham, senator from Georgia, i. 305; iii. 126.

Ball, James V., lieutenant-colonel of Second U. S. Light Dragoons,
vii. 128.

Ballou, Hosea, his Universalism, ix. 183, 184.

Ballston Spa, i. 92.

Baltimore in 1800, i. 29, 131;
population in 1810, v. 289;
threatened by Cockburn, vii. 269;
chief object of British attack, viii. 121, 127;
defences of, 166, 167;
British attack on, 168–172;
banks suspend payment, 213;
saved by engineers and sailors, 219;
inhabitants to feel Ross’s visit, 315;
effect of repulse at Ghent, 35, 36;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62;
shares loan of 1815, 102;
growth of, 156;
steamboat at, 172.

Baltimore riot, July 27, 1812, vi. 406–409.

Bancroft, George, ix. 206.

Bangor, in Maine, plundered by British expedition, viii. 96.

Bank of England, drain of specie from, 1817–1819, ix. 127.

Bank of the United States, Jefferson’s hostility to, ii. 130, 131;
Gallatin’s dependence on, v. 167;
bill introduced for rechartering, 207, 208;
hostile influence of State Banks, 327, 330, 332, 335, 336;
pretexts for opposition to charter of, 328, 329;
necessity for, 329;
Crawford’s bill for rechartering, 332;
debate on, 332–336;
defeat of, 337;
a fatal loss to the Treasury, vii. 386; viii. 214;
plan for, with fifty millions’ capital, recommended by Dallas in
October, 1814, 249, 250;
Dallas’s plan of, approved by House, October 24, 250;
Calhoun’s plan of, approved by House, 251;
Senate bill, 257;
defeated in the House, 257–258;
Webster’s plan adopted by Congress, 259, 260;
vetoed, 260;
new bill introduced, passes the Senate Feb. 11, 1815, ix. 56, 57,
82;
postponed by the House, 82;
recommended by Dallas in his annual report of 1815, 106;
Dallas’s scheme of 1816, 111;
bill for incorporating, 116, 117;
bill passes and becomes law, 118;
capital subscribed, 131;
begins operations, January, 1817, 131.

Banks, State, in Boston in 1800, i. 22;
in New York, 25;
in the South, 31;
hostility to, in 1800, 65;
popularity of, in 1812, vi. 208, 209;
their capital in 1813, vii. 386;
their circulation, 386, 388;
of New England financial agents of the enemy, 387;
capital of New England, 387;
specie in New England, 388;
pressure of New England on other, 389;
suspend specie payments in September, 1814, except in New
England, viii. 213, 214;
worthlessness of the suspended notes of, 215, 244–246;
suspended notes taken in payment of taxes, 256, 257;
of Massachusetts refuse loans to State government, 302, 303;
currency of, affected by the peace, ix. 61, 62, 98–103;
of Massachusetts drained of specie after the peace, 97;
discount on notes of, in the autumn of 1815, 98;
special treasury accounts in notes of, 98, 99;
resist return to specie payments, 128–130;
resume specie payments, Feb. 20, 1817, 131, 132;
increase of, in Massachusetts, 157, 158;
increase of, in Virginia, 162;
in New York and Pennsylvania, 166.

Bankhead, Dr., vi. 414.

Bankruptcy, of the national government, in 1814, viii. 213–215;
formally announced, Nov. 9, 1814, 244, 245, 252, 254, 260–262.

Baptists in New England, i. 89.

Baptists, ix. 133.

Barataria, smuggling station at, viii. 321;
“hellish banditti” of, 325;
work guns at New Orleans, 359.

Barbary Powers, war with the, i. 244 _et seq._; ii. 425 _et seq._

Barbour, James, senator from Virginia, ix. 107, 108.

Barbour, Philip P., member of the Fourteenth Congress, from
Virginia, ix. 107;
on the effect of the Compensation Act, 137;
opposes internal improvements, 150.

Barclay, Captain Robert Heriot, of the Royal Navy, sent to command
the British squadron on Lake Erie, vii. 119;
his fleet, 120;
his report of the battle, 124;
his losses, 127.

Barclay, John, iii. 231.

Baring, Alexander, ii. 358;
on neutral frauds, iii. 52; iv. 69;
his reply to “War in Disguise,” 317;
on British policy, vi. 276;
on impressment, vii. 24;
correspondence with Gallatin in July, 1813, 343, 349;
assists Gallatin to negotiate, 355.

Baring, Sir Francis, at the dinner to the Spanish patriots, iv.
331.

Barker, Jacob, takes five millions of the loan in 1814, viii. 17,
18;
fails to make his payments, 213, 241.

Barlow, Joel, i. 69, 99;
his “Columbiad,” 103 _et seq._, 106, 182;
on Robert Smith’s appointment, v. 10;
on Smith’s opposition to Macon’s bill, 187;
his defence of the President, 299, 301, 378;
appointed minister to France, 359;
his instructions on revocation of French Decrees, 427;
his departure delayed by Monroe, vi. 50;
ready to start, 55;
order for his departure countermanded, 56;
order finally given, 61;
his instructions, 66;
his want of success, 217;
arrives in Paris, Sept. 19, 1811, 245;
his negotiation with Bassano, 248–263;
his journey to Wilna, 263, 264;
his death, 265.

Barney, Joshua, commands privateer “Rossie,” vii. 316;
his cruise, 335;
commands gunboats in Chesapeake Bay, viii. 127;
burns his gunboats, 129, 130;
joins Winder’s army, 134;
ordered to defend the navy-yard bridge, 137;
remonstrates and marches to Bladensburg, 139;
his battle and capture, 142, 143.

Barron, Captain James, appointed Commodore of the Mediterranean
squadron in 1807, iv. 5;
replies to Captain Humphrey’s note, 13;
orders his flag to be struck, 19;
blamed by his brother officers, 20;
trial of, 21;
result of the trial, 22.

Barron, Commodore Samuel, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
yields the command to Rodgers, 429.

“Barrosa,” 42-gun British frigate, vii. 270.

Bartram, William, i. 124.

Bassano, Duc de. (See Maret.)

Bassett, Burwell, member of Congress from Virginia, v. 206.

Bastrop grant, the, Burr’s proposal to Blennerhassett to buy, iii.
256;
bought by Burr, 260, 274.

Bath, town-meeting in December, 1808, iv. 409.

Bathurst, Lord, President of the Board of Trade, disapproves of
Perceval’s general order, iv. 93 _et seq._, 100, 325;
on the Orders in Council, vi. 275;
on the right of impressment, vii. 17;
sends ten thousand men to Canada, viii. 31;
his instructions to Cochrane and Ross regarding an expedition to
the Chesapeake, 124, 125;
his instructions to Ross regarding an expedition to the Gulf of
Mexico, 311–314;
approves Ross’s Washington campaign, 314;
advises severity to Baltimore, 315;
sends Pakenham to succeed Ross, 315;
his under-secretary commissioner at Ghent, ix. 13;
keeps the Ghent negotiation alive, 23;
takes charge of the negotiation, 25;
his instructions of Sept. 1, 1814, 26, 27;
yields the Indian _sine qua non_, 31, 32;
claims the basis of _uti possidetis_, 34, 37;
hastens the peace, 44;
concedes the fisheries, 47, 52.

Baton Rouge, seizure of, v. 305–307;
Jackson orders troops to, viii. 332, 333, 336.

Bayard, James A., member of Congress from Delaware, i. 269, 271;
his reply to Giles, 291 _et seq._;
beaten by Cæsar A. Rodney, retires to the Senate, ii. 76;
re-elected to the House, 201;
moves the form of question in the Chase impeachment, 237, 241;
senator from Delaware, iii. 339, 461; iv. 146; vi. 229;
appointed peace commissioner to Russia, vii. 42;
sails for St. Petersburg, 46;
nominated and confirmed, 59, 61;
arrives at St. Petersburg, 339, 340;
obliged to wait at St. Petersburg, 349;
goes to London with Gallatin, 355, 363; ix. 1;
nominated and confirmed as joint commissioner to Ghent, vii. 371;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 15;
his remarks to Goulburn, 22;
on the Florida policy, 29;
Adams’s opinion of, 51;
secures the success of the negotiation, 52;
appointed minister to Russia, 89;
his death, 89.

Bayonne Decree. (See Decrees.)

Baynes, Edward, colonel of Glengarry Light Infantry, British
adjutant-general, negotiates armistice with Dearborn, vi. 323;
commands expedition against Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 164, 165;
his report, 167.

Bayou Bienvenu, selected as line of British advance to New Orleans,
viii. 337–339.

Beall, William D., colonel of Maryland militia at Bladensburg,
viii. 143, 153.

Beasley, Daniel, commands at Fort Mims, vii. 229;
surprised and killed, 230.

Beaujour, Felix de, quoted, i. 46, 165.

Beckwith, Sir Sydney, British major-general, repulsed at Craney
Island, vii. 272, 274;
captures Hampton, 276.

Beecher, Lyman, ix. 206.

Belden, Lieutenant, iv. 32.

Belknap, Jeremy, i. 93.

Bellechasse, M., of New Orleans, iii. 300, 305 _et seq._

“Belvidera,” British frigate, blockading New York, vi. 364, 365;
escapes from Rodgers’ squadron, 366;
chases “Constitution,” 368, 370.

Benedict on the Patuxent, Ross’s army lands at, viii. 123, 128;
Monroe scouts to, 131.

Bentham, George, commander of British sloop-of-war “Carnation,” his
part in destroying the “General Armstrong,” viii. 202–207.

Benton, Thomas Hart, his opinion of the Louisiana legislation, ii.
119;
his brawl with Andrew Jackson, vii. 235.

Berkeley, Admiral George Cranfield, issues orders to search the
“Chesapeake” for deserters, iv. 3;
approves the attack on the “Chesapeake,” 25;
recalled and his attack on the “Chesapeake” disavowed, 51.

Berlin Decree of Nov. 21, 1806, iii. 389, 412, 416, 427;
enforced in August, 1807, iv. 82, 109;
Napoleon’s defence of, 221, 295;
his persistence in, 295.
(See Decrees.)

Bermuda, governor of, licenses importation from eastern States,
vii. 31.

Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, appointed minister at Washington, ii.
10;
Talleyrand’s instructions to, 11.
(See Sweden.)

Berthier, Louis Alexandre, Napoleon’s agent for the retrocession of
Louisiana, i. 366.

Beurnonville, Pierre de Ruel, French ambassador at Madrid, ii. 59,
277.

Beverly, town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 413.

Bibb, William A., member of Congress from Georgia, on the
annexation of West Florida to Louisiana, v. 324.

Biddle, James, commander in U. S. navy, commands the “Hornet,” vii.
293; ix. 63;
captures “Penguin,” 71, 72;
escapes “Cornwallis,” 72, 73.

Biddle, Thomas, captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii.
37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53, 56;
at Fort Erie, 71.

Bidwell, Barnabas, member of Congress from Massachusetts, iii. 127;
supports Jefferson’s Spanish message in committee, 132, 137;
urged by Jefferson to take the leadership of the Democrats in
Congress, 207;
in the slave-trade debate, iii. 360, 363;
a defaulter, v. 359.

Bigelow, Jacob, professor of medicine at Harvard College, ix. 206.

Bigelow, Timothy, speaker of Massachusetts legislature, iv. 456.

Bingham, A. B., captain of the British corvette “Little Belt,” his
account of his action with the “President,” vi. 30, 31, 33–36.

Birmingham, remonstrates against Orders in Council, vi. 271;
treaty of Ghent received at, ix. 54, 55.

Bishop, Abraham, collector of New Haven, i. 226.

Bissell, Daniel, captain of the First Infantry, iii. 284, 290;
welcomes Burr at Fort Massac, 291;
receives a letter from Andrew Jackson warning him to stop
expedition, 291;
colonel of Fifth U. S. Infantry, promoted to brigadier, vii. 409;
his skirmish with Drummond’s forces in October, 1814, viii. 116.

Bladensburg, designated as the point of concentration for the
defence of Washington, viii. 123, 135, 139, 140;
citizens erect works at, 132;
the necessary point of British attack, 134, 136, 138;
battle-field of, 139, 140;
battle of, 141–144;
Ross retreats through, 148;
relative losses at, ix. 234.

Blakeley, Johnston, commander in U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp” in
1814, viii. 184, 237;
cruises in the British Channel, 185;
captures British sloop-of-war “Reindeer,” 186, 187, 196;
sinks the “Avon,” 188–192;
lost at sea, 193.

“Blakeley,” privateer, viii. 194.

Bleecker, Harmanus, member of Congress from New York, vi. 211.

Blennerhassett, Harman, iii. 220, 233;
duped by Burr, 247, 256 _et seq._;
his indiscreet talk, 259, 275, 281;
returns to his home, 276;
driven from his island, 286;
rejoins Burr, 291;
indicted, 457;
keeps a record of Burr’s trial, 462 _et seq._;
Allston tries to conciliate, 464;
Duane visits, 464.

Blennerhassett, Mrs., iii. 220;
sends a warning letter to Burr, 275.

Blockade, law of, ii. 382, 385;
preferred by Bathurst to municipal regulations, iv. 95;
Napoleon’s definition of, v. 149, 227, 250;
Pinkney’s definition of, 287; vi. 10;
Napoleon abandons for municipal regulations, v. 402;
alleged by Madison as the third _casus belli_, vi. 222;
offered by American Ghent commissioners for discussion, ix. 12,
18;
omitted from treaty, 33, 52.

Blockades, British, of Martinique and Guadeloupe, in 1803, ii. 381.

---- (Fox’s) of the French and German coasts, May 16, 1806, iii.
398;
Pinkney inquires whether still in force, v. 277–279;
Wellesley’s conduct regarding, 279;
express withdrawal of, required by Madison, 318, 383;
withdrawal of, demanded by Pinkney, vi. 4, 5, 17;
British reply to demand of withdrawal of, 6, 9, 15, 23;
becomes the only apparent _casus belli_, 221.

---- of Venice, July 27, 1806, v. 279.

---- of all ports and places under the government of France, April
26, 1809, v. 63, 64, 103, 277;
repeal of, demanded by Pinkney, vi. 3, 8;
offered by Wellesley on condition that the French decrees should
be effectually withdrawn, 9;
repeal refused by Wellesley, 14;
repeal again asked by Pinkney and refused by Wellesley, 17, 18.
(See Order in Council of April 26, 1809.)

---- of the ports and harbors of Chesapeake Bay and Delaware River,
Dec 26, 1812, vii. 30, 33; viii. 234;
raised, ix. 62.

---- of New York, Charleston, Port Royal, Savannah, and the River
Mississippi, May 26, 1813, vii. 262;
effects of, 263–265, 334; viii. 214;
raised, ix. 62.

---- of New London and Long Island Sound, vii. 262, 278;
raised, ix. 62.

---- of the coast of New England, April 25, 1814, viii. 3; ix. 36;
raised, 62.

Blockades, French, of Great Britain, Nov. 21, 1806. (See Decree of
Berlin.)

Blockades, _quasi_, of New York, in 1803–4, ii. 396;
in 1805, iii. 91–93;
in 1807, iv. 143, 144;
in 1811, vi. 25, 118, 222.

Blockades of Great Britain by American cruisers in 1813–1814, vii.
332, 333;
in 1814, viii. 195–201.

Bloomfield, Joseph, brigadier-general, vi. 291;
at Plattsburg, 359, 360.

Blount, Willie, governor of Tennessee, orders out two thousand
militia for service in Florida, vii. 206;
advises Jackson to withdraw from the Creek country, 240;
orders out four thousand militia, 251;
required to provide for defence of New Orleans, viii. 320, 326,
327.

Blue, Uriah, major of Thirty-ninth U. S. Infantry, commands
expedition to the Appalachicola, viii. 330, 333.

Blyth, Samuel, commander of British sloop-of-war “Boxer,” his death
and burial, vii. 282, 283.

Boerstler, C. G., colonel of Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, vii. 162;
his surrender at Beaver Dam, 163.

Bollman, Eric, to be sent to London by Burr, iii. 248, 251;
starts for New Orleans, 255;
arrives, 296, 306;
reports to Burr, 309;
sees Wilkinson, 318;
arrested, 319, 338;
discharged from custody, 340.

Bonaparte, Jerome, his marriage to Miss Patterson and his reception
by the President, ii. 377 _et seq._

Bonaparte, Joseph, negotiates treaty of Morfontaine, i. 360, 362;
scene of, with Napoleon, ii. 35 _et seq._;
crowned King of Spain, iv. 300;
driven from Madrid, 315;
deserted by Napoleon, v. 27, 28;
driven from Spain, vii. 356.

Bonaparte, Lucien, appointed ambassador at Madrid, i. 371, 373;
opposes the cession of Louisiana, ii. 34;
scene of, with Napoleon, 35 _et seq._;
offered the crown of Spain, iv. 113;
his story of the offer, 124.

Bonaparte. (See Napoleon.)

Bonds, U. S., six per cent., their market value, Feb. 1, 1815,
viii. 214, 261, 267;
on Feb. 13, 1815, ix. 62;
in March, 1815, 160;
in 1816, 127, 128.

“Bonne Citoyenne,” British sloop-of-war, vi. 384;
blockaded at San Salvador, vii. 288.

Bordeaux, Wellington advances on, vii. 373.

Boré, M., of New Orleans, iii. 300.

Borodino, battle of, vii. 27.

Boston, population and appearance of, in 1800, i. 20;
business, 21;
an intellectual centre in 1800, 75;
sentiment of, 87;
social customs of, in 1800, 91;
a summer watering-place, 92;
reception of F. J. Jackson in, v. 214, 216;
population in 1810, 289;
takes one million of loan of 1814, viii. 17, 18;
blockaded, ix. 36;
welcomes peace, 59;
harshly treated by Dallas, 98–100;
treasury payments resumed at, 128;
growth of, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
its society in 1817, 182;
takes the lead of American literature, 201, 205–207.

Boston town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 411;
town-meeting on Baltimore riot, vi. 409.

Botts, Benjamin, Burr’s counsel, iii. 444.

Bowditch, Nathaniel, i. 93.

Bowdoin, James, appointed minister to Madrid, iii. 57;
Jefferson’s letter announcing appointment, 57;
suggestions of plans for his negotiations, 59–61, 71;
reveals Talleyrand’s plan for a settlement with Spain, 378;
letter to, 436.

Bowyer, Fort. (See Fort Bowyer.)

“Boxer,” British sloop-of-war, captured by “Enterprise,” vii.
281–283.

Boyd, Adam, member of Congress from New Jersey, v. 206.

Boyd, John Parke, colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, vi. 92, 93;
arrives at Vincennes, 94;
brigadier-general, vii. 156;
Morgan Lewis’s opinion of, 162;
ordered to cease offensive operations, 179;
commands brigade in Wilkinson’s expedition, 184;
favors moving on Montreal, 185;
covers the rear, 187;
Brown’s and Scott’s opinion of, 188;
his defeat at Chrysler’s Field, 190, 191.

Boyle, John, a manager of Chase’s impeachment, ii. 228.

Boyle, Thomas, commands Baltimore privateer “Comet,” vii. 316;
commands “Chasseur,” and notifies a blockade of the British
coast, viii. 196, 197.

Brackenridge, H. H., author of “Modern Chivalry,” i. 124; ii. 195.

Bradley, Captain, of the “Cambrian,” ii. 393, 396;
recall and promotion, iii. 48.

Bradley, Stephen R., senator from Vermont, ii. 157, 158, 218, 235,
238, 259; iii. 126, 139;
offers a resolution opposing the appointment of a minister to
Russia, iv. 466;
votes against occupying East Florida, vi. 243.

Brady, Hugh, colonel of Twenty-second Infantry, viii. 35;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52.

Brazil, glutted with British goods in 1808, v. 46.

Breckinridge, John, senator from Kentucky, i. 269;
moves the repeal of the Judiciary Act, 278, 280;
Jefferson’s letter to, on the Louisiana purchase, ii. 85;
on the admission of Louisiana to the Union, 94, 108;
his bill for the territorial government of Louisiana, 120;
appointed attorney general, iii. 11, 127;
his death, 444.

Brenton, E. B., staff officer of Sir George Prevost, his account
of the attack on Sackett’s Harbor, vii. 167, 168.

Brisbane, major-general in British army, commanding a brigade at
Plattsburg, viii. 101.

Bristol, memorial of merchants in September, 1814, viii. 198, 200.

Brock, Isaac, governor of Upper Canada, his career, vi. 316;
his military precautions, 317;
his military force, 317;
his civil difficulties, 318, 319;
orders expedition to Mackinaw, 320;
his proclamation, 320;
dismisses his legislature, 320;
passes Long Point, 321, 322;
arrives at Malden, 329;
decides to cross the Detroit River, 330;
his march on Detroit, 332;
returns to Niagara, 341;
his military wishes, 342;
distressed by loss of vessels, 347;
his force at Niagara, 348;
surprised on Queenston Heights, 349;
his death, 350; ix. 42.

Broke, P. B. V., captain of British frigate “Shannon,” commands
squadron, vi. 368, 369;
chases “Constitution,” 370, 371;
invites battle with Rodgers, vii. 285;
challenges “Chesapeake,” 286;
his qualities, 292;
his battle with the “Chesapeake,” 293–302;
captures “Nautilus,” 313;
a lifelong invalid, ix. 42;
his gunnery, 230.

Brooke, Arthur, colonel of the British Forty-fourth Infantry, at
the advance on Baltimore, viii. 169;
succeeds Ross in command, 170;
studies the lines of Baltimore, 171;
decides to retreat, 172.

Brooke, G. M., major in Twenty-third Infantry, viii. 37.

Brooks, John, elected governor of Massachusetts, in 1816, ix. 133.

Brookville, in Maryland, viii. 156, 157.

Brougham, Henry, his speculations on the cause of English prejudice
against America, iv. 73;
his hostility to Perceval’s orders, 318;
at the bar of the House opposing the Orders in Council, 321;
organizes agitation against Orders in Council, vi. 271, 280, 283;
his speech of March 3, 1812, 276;
obliges ministers to grant a committee of inquiry, 283–285;
moves repeal, 285.

Brown, Charles Brockden, i. 123.

Brown, Jacob, brigadier-general of N. Y. militia, vii. 164, 408;
takes command at Sackett’s Harbor, 165;
his remarks on the battle at Sackett’s Harbor, 165, 166, 169;
appointed brigadier-general in the U. S. army, 170;
commands a brigade in Wilkinson’s expedition, 177, 184;
favors moving on Montreal, 185;
landed on north bank of the St. Lawrence, 187;
clears the bank, 188, 191;
his opinion of Boyd, 188;
appointed major-general, 408;
his fitness described by Wilkinson and Scott, 408, 409;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor in February, 1814, viii. 24;
carries his army to Niagara, 27;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 28;
at Buffalo in June, ordered to capture Fort Erie, 33;
his forces, 34–38;
crosses the Niagara River, 39;
fights the battle of Chippawa, 40–42;
his letter to Commodore Chauncey, 45–46;
falls back from Queenston to Chippawa, 47, 48;
orders Scott to march toward Queenston, 50;
his order to Miller at Lundy’s Lane, 54;
his position at Lundy’s Lane, 57;
wounded, 58;
orders the array to retire, 59;
orders Ripley to return to Lundy’s Lane, 64;
taken to Buffalo, 66;
summons Gaines to Fort Erie, 67;
his quarrels with Chauncey and Ripley, 81;
his qualities, 82, 218;
resumes command, 82, 83;
his sortie from Fort Erie, 84–89;
asks Izard’s aid, 113;
meets Izard at Batavia, 114;
distrusts Izard, 115;
favors attack on Chippawa in October, 1814, 115;
sent to Sackett’s Harbor, 116;
Izard’s opinion of, 117;
his letter of August 19, 1814, complaining of being left to
struggle alone, 218;
head of army board for reducing the army, ix. 88;
commands northern military district, 88.

Brown, James, secretary of the Louisiana Territory, ii. 220; iii.
219, 280.

Bruff, Major of Artillery, sounded by General Wilkinson, iii. 222,
241;
his charge against Wilkinson, 454.

Bruin, Judge, iii. 325.

Bryant, William Cullen, i. 110, 132;
his poem “The Embargo,” iv. 279;
his poem “Thanatopsis,” ix. 207, 208, 213, 216, 217, 238.

Buckminster, Joseph, i. 81;
remonstrates with Hosea Ballou, ix. 183, 184.

Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, i. 90, 162; ix. 177;
his Phi Beta Kappa oration, 199, 204;
one of the Anthology Club, 202, 203.

Budd, George, second lieutenant of the “Chesapeake,” vii. 293;
stationed below, 295;
leads boarders, 297.

Buffalo, burned by British, vii. 204.

Bullus, Dr., on the “Chesapeake,” iv. 11, 13, 21.

Bülow, Heinrich Wilhelm, i. 41, 48.

Bunker, Elias, captain of the Albany packet “Experiment,” i. 6.

Burling, Colonel, iii. 313.

Burnt Corn Creek, Indians attacked at, vii. 229, 232.

Burr, Aaron, Vice-President, i. 65, 93, 109, 112;
his character, 195;
centre of intrigue, 229 _et seq._;
takes the chair of the Senate, 279;
votes to recommit the Judiciary Bill, 280;
his toast at the Federalist dinner, 282;
attacked by the “American Citizen” and “Aurora,” 283;
in the Pickering impeachment, ii. 154;
invoked by Pickering and Griswold, 171;
his defence by “Aristides,” 172;
his interview with Jefferson, 175;
nominated for governor of New York, 177;
confers with Griswold, 183;
defeated, 185;
his hostility to Hamilton, 185;
his duel with Hamilton, 187 _et seq._;
presides at the Chase impeachment, 227, 238, 368;
communicates with Merry, 395;
his plan of creating a western confederacy, 402;
asks the aid of the British government, 403;
Turreau’s opinion of, 407;
his plan, 408;
gives the casting vote against Dr. Logan’s amendment to the St.
Domingo bill, iii. 88;
jealous of Miranda, 189, 218;
his conspiracy and connections, 219;
on his way to New Orleans, in April, 1805, 220;
his plans notorious in New Orleans, 224 _et seq._;
returns and visits Andrew Jackson and Wilkinson, 227;
his expectations of aid from England disappointed, 229;
his report to Merry, 231;
received at the White House, 233;
his advances to Yrujo and the Spanish government, 234;
his plot to seize the heads of government and the public money,
239;
his contempt for Jefferson, 244;
his communication with Yrujo, 247;
rebuffed by Fox, 250;
his imposture, 251;
his cipher despatch to Wilkinson, 253;
starts for New Orleans with Mrs. Allston and De Pestre, 255;
secures Blennerhassett’s fortune, 256;
arouses opposition in Kentucky, 268;
orders the purchase of supplies, 274;
denies intention to separate the Eastern from the Western States,
276;
attacked in court by District-Attorney Daveiss, 277;
a second time accused, 282;
acquitted, 282;
repeats his disavowal to Andrew Jackson, 287;
escapes from Nashville, 289;
received at Fort Massac, 291;
his relations in New Orleans, 296;
his visit to New Orleans in 1805, 302;
denounced by Wilkinson, surrenders to Governor Meade, 325
_et seq._;
deserts his friends, 327;
arrested and sent to Richmond, Va., 327;
brought to trial before Chief-Justice Marshall, 441;
committed for misdemeanor only, 446;
indicted, 459;
his demeanor under trial, 464;
acquitted, 469;
his memoir to Napoleon, v. 239.

Burrows, William, lieutenant in U. S. Navy, captures the “Boxer,”
vii. 281, 282;
his death and burial, 282, 283.

Burwell, William A., member of Congress from Virginia, on reducing
the army and navy in 1810, v. 202.

Cabinet. (See James Madison, Robert Smith, James Monroe, William
Jones, Secretaries of State; Albert Gallatin, G. W. Campbell,
A. J. Dallas, W. H. Crawford, Secretaries of the Treasury;
Henry Dearborn, William Eustis, James Monroe, John Armstrong,
A. J. Dallas, Secretaries of War; Robert Smith, Paul Hamilton,
William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield, Secretaries of the Navy;
Levi Lincoln, John Breckinridge, Cæsar A. Rodney, William
Pinkney, Richard Rush, Attorneys General.)

Cabot, George, his opinion of democracy, i. 84, 86 _et seq._;
letter of, opposing Pickering’s scheme, ii. 164;
inclines to Burr, 182;
opposed to neutral claims, iii. 95, 144; iv. 29;
letters from, given to Rose by Pickering, 235, 412;
at the head of the Massachusetts delegation to the Hartford
Convention, viii. 225, 227, 288;
his conservative character, 291, 292;
chosen president of the Hartford Convention, 292, 293;
authorized to call another meeting, 295;
defence of, 305;
John Adams’s remark about, 308.

Cadore, Duc de (see Champagny).

“Caledonia,” 2-gun British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott,
vi. 347;
in Perry’s squadron, vii. 116, 120, 122;
in Perry’s action, 124, 125.

Calhoun, John C., i. 154;
member of Congress from South Carolina, vi. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his war-speech of Dec. 12, 1811, 143, 144;
votes for frigates, 164;
warns Quincy of the embargo, 201;
on the conquest of Canada, 212;
his war-report, 226;
his bill declaring war, 228;
his speech of June 24, 1812, against the restrictive system, 233;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442;
favors high import duties, 444;
his remark on inconsistency, vii. 374, 375;
his plan for a national bank, viii. 250–253;
votes against legal tender, 254;
accepts Giles’s militia bill, 274;
not a good judge of treason, 286;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
his view of extremes in government, 108, 109;
chairman of committee on currency, 111;
favors protection, 115;
reports bill for a national bank, 116, 117;
supports compensation bill, 121;
his remark that the House of Representatives was not a favorite
with the American people, 134, 137;
his defence of the House, 145;
his bill for internal improvements, 148, 149, 152, 169.

Callender, James T., his libels on Jefferson, i. 322 _et seq._

Calvinism, popular reaction against, in New England, i. 82;
rupture of church in 1815, ix. 175–187.

“Cambrian,” British frigate, iii. 48.

Campbell, George W., member of Congress from Tennessee, ii. 123;
a manager in impeachment of Judge Chase, 224, 228, 230;
chairman of Ways and Means Committee, iv. 153;
challenged by Gardenier, 203, 217;
his argument for the embargo, 267;
his report to Congress on measures of force, 370;
defends his report, 380;
his Resolution adopted, 383;
opposes fitting out the navy, 426, 441;
speech of, on the Non-intercourse Act, 448;
his report reaches Canning, v. 49;
not a member of the Eleventh Congress, 76;
senator from Tennessee, his criticism of Giles, vi. 150, 151;
appointed Secretary of the Treasury, vii. 371, 397;
negotiates loan in May, 1814, viii. 17, 18;
accedes to abandoning impressment as a _sine qua non_, 122;
at Winder’s headquarters, August 24, 137;
goes to Frederick, 152;
fails to negotiate loan of six millions in July, 1814, 213;
his annual report of Sept. 23, 1814, 240;
announces the impracticability of raising loans, 241, 242;
makes no suggestion for supplying deficit, 242;
resigns, 240;
returns to the Senate, ix. 108.

Campbell, John, member of Congress from Maryland, iii. 356.

Campbell, John A., Justice of the Supreme Court, on the Louisiana
precedent, ii. 127.

Campbell, Thomas, borrows from Freneau, i. 126;
his Declaration of Sept. 9, 1809, ix. 184, 185, 239.

Canada, intended conquest of, vi. 136, 141, 142, 145, 146, 150,
212;
invasion planned at Washington, 297;
ordered by Eustis, 302;
conquest attempted by Hull, 296;
invaded by Hull, 302;
evacuated, 315;
difficulties of defending, 316–319;
extent of Upper, 316;
military force in 1812, 317, 338;
Jefferson and Madison on campaign in, 337;
invasion of, at Niagara, 344, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s attack on, 346–353;
Smyth’s attempts against, 354–358;
Dearborn’s march to, 360;
British garrisons in, vii. 151, 194–196;
reinforcements for, in 1814, viii. 91, 99–102;
proper method of attacking, vii. 144–147;
difficulties of defence, 145; viii. 91, 93;
frontier to be rectified, 94–97;
regular troops in, December, 1814, 118;
demands of, at Ghent, ix. 7, 8;
cession of, asked by Monroe, 11, 12;
British reproach about, 29, 30.

Canals in 1800, i. 8–10, 26, 29, 38, 94;
proposed by Gallatin in 1808, iv. 364.
(See Erie Canal.)

Canning, George, rise of, ii. 417;
becomes Foreign Secretary, iv. 56;
his character, 57, 73; v. 56;
his opinion of democrats, iv. 59;
his wit, 60;
his eloquence, 61;
his negotiation with Monroe respecting the “Chesapeake” affair,
40 _et seq._;
his reasons for disavowing Berkeley’s act, 76 _et seq._;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, 92,
97;
instructs Erskine with regard to the Orders in Council, 99;
instructions to Rose, 178 _et seq._;
opposes interference with the effect of the embargo, 326;
his confidence in Napoleon’s overthrow in 1808, 331;
on the causes of the embargo, 332;
replies to Pinkney’s conditional proposition to withdraw the
embargo, 334 _et seq._;
letter of, to Pinkney published in the “New England Palladium,”
419;
his reply to Napoleon and Alexander, v. 23;
his notice to Pinkney of possible change in the Orders, 42;
his note of Dec. 24, 1808, announcing a change, 43;
his anger at Pinkney’s reply, 44, 45;
his willingness for further relaxations, 45;
his discontent with Castlereagh and Perceval, 48, 106;
his reception of Erskine’s despatches and Campbell’s Report, 49,
50, 51;
his assertion as to the cause of the embargo, 51;
his instructions to Erskine of Jan. 23, 1809, 52–57, 66, 70–73,
90;
his influence declining, 57, 58;
his speech of March 6, 1809, on the Orders, 61;
his remark to Pinkney on the Order of April 26, 64;
his disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95;
his statement to the House of Commons, 97, 98;
his instructions to F. J. Jackson, July 1, 1809, 98–105;
his charge of duplicity against Madison, 99, 100, 114, 125;
his resignation, 107;
his duel with Castlereagh, 107;
his relations with Wellesley, 266, 267;
his speech on the renewal of intercourse between the United
States and Great Britain, 276;
his speech of March 3, 1812, on the Orders in Council and
licenses, vi. 277, 278;
on the loss of the “Guerriere” and “Macedonian,” vii. 6;
on the conduct of the war, 10, 11, 23;
his failure as a minister, 20, 21;
his view of British naturalization acts, 21–23.

“Canons of Etiquette,” the, ii. 365.

Cantrelle, M., iii. 300.

Capitol at Washington in 1800, i. 30, 198;
designed by Dr. Thornton, 111;
the south wing completed, iv. 152, 209;
burned, viii. 145;
rebuilt, ix. 142.

Caramelli, Hamet, ii. 430, 436.

Carden, J. S., captain of the British frigate “Macedonian,” vi.
382, 383.

“Carnation,” British sloop-of-war, attacks and destroys the
“General Armstrong,” viii. 202–207.

“Carolina,” American 14-gun sloop-of-war, at New Orleans, viii.
344;
her share in the night battle, 346, 347, 349, 350;
her fire imprisons the British troops, 352, 355;
destroyed, Dec. 27, 1814, 356, 359.

Carroll, William, major-general of Tennessee militia, arrives at
New Orleans, viii. 336, 337;
his brigade, 344;
posted on the Gentilly road, 345.

“Carron,” 20-gun British sloop-of-war, sent to Pensacola, viii.
319, 322;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323, 324.

Carronades, their range, viii. 109.

Casa Calvo, Marquis of, iii. 71, 73, 74, 79.

Cass, Lewis, colonel of Ohio militia, vi. 298;
refuses to abandon Detroit, 315;
his discontent with Hull, 326;
detached to open an interior road to the river Raisin, 328;
ordered to return, 329;
included in Hull’s capitulation, 334;
brigadier-general U. S. army, vii. 128;
treats with Indians, 261.

Cassin, John, captain in U. S. navy, vii. 270, 271.

“Castilian,” British sloop-of-war, cruises in company with the
“Avon,” viii. 189;
her commander’s report on the loss of the “Avon,” 190–192.

Castine, occupied by British expedition, viii. 95, 96;
offered to be restored at Ghent, ix. 34.

Castlereagh, Lord, on Howick’s Order in Council, iv. 80, 81;
becomes War Secretary, 81;
urges retaliation on France, 83, 90, 325, 421;
his supposed failures as Secretary of War, v. 47, 48, 106, 107;
his quarrel with Canning, 56, 57;
his duel with Canning, 107;
retires from the cabinet, 107;
becomes Foreign Secretary, vi. 216;
his instructions to Foster of April 10, 1812, 216, 220;
announces suspension of Orders in Council, 286;
his statement of number of American seamen in British service,
456;
his remarks to Russell, Aug. 24, 1812, vi. 416; vii. 2, 3;
defends course of ministry, 11;
his remarks on impressment, 19, 20;
his remarks on the Czar’s offer of mediation, 29;
declines Russian mediation in May, 1813, 340, 345, 346;
his letter of July 5, declining mediation, 341, 342;
his letter to Cathcart, July 13, offering direct negotiation with
United States, 342, 343, 349, 350, 355;
lukewarm about the American war, 356, 358, 360;
his letter to Monroe, November 4, offering to negotiate directly,
360, 370;
his offer accepted by Madison, 363, 371;
his irresistible influence, 394;
his disposition toward America, ix. 2, 7, 9;
his instructions of July 28, 9, 10, 24;
his choice of negotiators, 14;
delays negotiation until August, 17;
his instructions of August 14, 19;
keeps the negotiation alive until October, 23;
at Ghent, August 19, 24;
his letter to Bathurst suggesting immediate peace, 25;
at Vienna, embarrassed by the American war, 36;
negotiates commercial convention with the United States, 104.

Cathcart, Lord, iv. 64;
British ambassador at St. Petersburg, vii. 28;
his instructions of July 5, 1813, 341, 342;
his comments on the Czar’s conduct, 350–354.

Caulaincourt, Duc de Vicence, French ambassador in Russia, v. 412;
recalled, 418;
congratulates Adams, 419.

Cazeneau, Mr., iii. 379.

Census, of 1800, i. 1, 2;
of 1810, Act for, v. 209.

“Centinel,” Boston newspaper, of Sept. 10, 1814, quoted, viii. 223,
288, 289, 291, 299, 300;
publishes peace, ix. 59, 60.

Cevallos, Don Pedro de, Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, i.
371; ii. 23;
remonstrates against the sale of Louisiana, 58;
refuses to pay for French spoliations, 276, 279;
his conditions on ratification of Spanish claims convention, 280;
his comments on the Americans, 282, 283;
alarmed by Pinckney, 284;
complains of Pinckney’s conduct, 294;
his negotiation with Monroe, iii. 24–36;
refuses to countenance Burr’s designs, 249.

Chamier, Frederick, lieutenant on the British frigate “Menelaus,”
his account of house-burning on the Potomac, viii. 164.

Champagny, Jean Baptiste de, succeeds Talleyrand as Minister of
Foreign Affairs, iv. 107;
his letter of Jan. 15, 1808, declaring war to exist between
England and the United States, 221;
his instructions to Turreau in defence of the Decrees, Dec. 10,
1808, v. 31;
in defence of the Spanish colonies, 33;
his remonstrances to Napoleon against severity to the United
States, 138, 139;
complains of the Non-intercourse Act, 140;
his instructions to Hauterive, June 13, 1809, on concessions to
the United States, 140;
his note on the right of search and blockade, 149, 150, 250;
his efforts on behalf of neutral commerce, 222;
his interview with Armstrong, Jan. 25, 1810, 229, 230;
his note of Feb. 14, 1810, announcing reprisals for the
Non-intercourse Act, 232;
his letter of August 5, 1810, announcing that the decrees are
revoked, 253–256, 286, 296–302, 383, 414, 415; vi. 7;
creates a contract by letter of August 5, v. 342;
his report on the decrees, 348, 349, 382, 388; vi. 8;
his phrase _bien entendu_, v. 387, 388;
declares the decrees revoked on Feb. 2, 1811, 386, 389, 390;
removed from office, 401.

Champlain, Lake. (See Plattsburg.)

Champlin, Guy R., captain of the privateer “General Armstrong,”
vii. 316;
his escapes, 325–327.

Chandler, John, brigadier-general in U. S. army, vii. 156;
engaged in capturing Fort George, 157;
advances to Stony Creek, 159;
captured, 160.

Channing, William Ellery, i. 90;
his impressions of Virginia manners, 132, 171;
takes charge of church at Boston, ix. 178;
his letter to Thacher, 178;
his Unitarianism, 179–182;
his Fast-Day Sermon in 1810, 203–205.

Charles IV. of Spain, his character, i. 341;
refuses papal territory, 354;
his delight at the offer of Tuscany, 369;
refuses to sell Florida, 401;
delivers Louisiana to Napoleon, 401;
distressed by Napoleon, ii. 56;
his demands on Napoleon, 59;
withdraws protest against the sale of Louisiana, 277;
declares war on England, 309;
abdication of, iv. 117, 298.

Charleston, in Maryland, vii. 268.

Charleston, S. C., in 1800, i. 37 _et seq._, 92, 149;
in 1816, ix. 156.

Chase, Samuel, Justice of the Supreme Court, his charge to the
Baltimore grand jury, ii. 147;
his impeachment, 149 _et seq._, 158;
scene of impeachment, 227;
his counsel, 229;
the managers of his impeachment, 229;
articles of impeachment, 229;
the trial, 230 _et seq._;
the votes on the articles, 238;
his acquittal, 239.

“Chasseur,” privateer, her blockade, viii. 196, 197.

Chateaugay, Hampton’s campaign at, vii. 192–197.

Chatillon, Congress of, vii. 394.

Chauncey, Isaac, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, takes command on Lake Ontario, vi. 344;
arranges plan of campaign with Dearborn, vii. 152, 153, 154;
controls the lake, 153;
crosses to Niagara, 155;
aids capture of Fort George, 157;
returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 159;
loses control of the lake, 171;
recovers control of the lake, 179;
dissuades Brown from attacking Kingston, viii. 27, 28;
shut up in Sackett’s Harbor in the spring of 1814, 28–30, 33;
Brown’s irritating letters to, 34, 45, 46;
sails from Sackett’s Harbor, 80;
his reply to Brown’s letters, 81;
carries Izard’s army to the Genesee River, 114;
loses control of the lake in October, 1814, 115.

Cheetham, James, editor of the “American Citizen and Watchtower,”
i. 121;
attacks Burr, 331; iii. 272, 273.

Cherokee Indians, i. 4; iii. 16;
with Jackson in the Creek war, vii. 246.

“Cherub,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, viii. 178;
assists the “Phoebe” to blockade and capture the “Essex,” 179,
180.

“Chesapeake,” 38-gun frigate, the desertion of British seamen to,
iv. 2;
delay in getting her ready for sea, 5;
starts for sea, 9;
fired on by the “Leopard,” 16;
strikes her flag, 19;
returns to Norfolk, 20; vi. 29, 36; vii. 54, 311;
arrives at Boston, April 9, 1813, 285, 287;
her force, 292;
her action with the “Shannon,” 293–303;
effect of capture, 303, 309;
cause of capture, 337.

“Chesapeake Affair,” measures taken by the Cabinet after the, iv.
31, 163;
Madison’s instructions on, 39, 45;
its effect on English society, 44;
attack disavowed by the British Ministry, 51, 149;
Canning’s instructions on, 178–182;
Rose’s negotiation on, ii. 187–197;
laid aside, 199;
Gallatin’s plan for settling, 388;
Canning’s instructions of Jan. 23, 1809, for settling, v. 52, 53;
Erskine’s settlement of the, 67, 68;
settlement disavowed, 88–90;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, for settling, 101;
Jackson’s offer to settle, 126, 130;
untouched by Wellesley, 285;
Foster’s instructions to settle, vi. 23;
American indifference to settlement, 37;
its effect on the Indians, 79;
settled by Foster, 121, 122, 270;
remembered too well, ix. 73.

Chesapeake Bay, British naval force in, vii. 14, 24;
blockade of, announced Dec. 26, 1812, vii. 30, 33;
severity of blockade in, 264, 265;
Admiral Cockburn’s operations in, 266–269;
Admiral Warren’s operations in, 277;
Cochrane’s marauding in, viii. 164;
in October, 1814, left to repose, 173;
steamboat on, ix. 172.

Cheves, Langdon, member of Congress from South Carolina, asserts
contract with Napoleon, v. 342, 343;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
chairman of naval committee, 124;
on Committee on Ways and Means, 124;
his opinion on the war-power, 160;
his motion to build a navy, 162;
his argument in favor of seventy-fours, 163;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 230, 232, 446, 447, 448;
favors war-taxation, 235;
opposes forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 441;
on war-taxes, 444;
elected speaker, Jan. 19, 1814, vii. 396;
defeats Dallas’s scheme for a national bank, viii. 259.

Chew, Captain Samuel, deposition of, vi. 193, 196.

Chicago. (See Fort Dearborn.)

Chickasaw Bluff, iii. 284, 290, 325.

Chickasaw Indians, iii. 16; vii. 216.

“Childers,” 18-gun British sloop-of-war sent to Pensacola, viii.
322;
in the attack on Fort Bowyer, 323, 324.

Chillicothe in 1800, i. 2.

Chippawa, British force at, viii. 38;
Riall takes position at, 39;
battle at, 40–45;
Brown withdraws to, 47–50;
Ripley retreats from, 66, 67;
Drummond’s delay at, 68;
Drummond retires to, 90;
Izard’s failure at, 116.

“Chippeway,” 1-gun British schooner on Lake Erie, vii. 120.

Chittenden, Martin, governor of Vermont, his proclamation recalling
the State militia, Nov. 10, 1813, vii. 366;
refuses to call out the State militia to defend Plattsburg, viii.
222.

Choctaw Indians, vii. 216;
with Jackson at Mobile, viii. 328;
at New Orleans, 346.

Christie, John, lieutenant-colonel of Thirteenth Infantry, vi. 349,
350, 351.

Christophe, i. 394, 395, 416.

Chrystler’s Farm, battle at, vii. 188–191.

Cincinnati in 1800, i. 2.

Cintra, convention of, v. 48.

Claiborne, Ferdinand Leigh, brigadier-general of Mississippi
militia, vii. 243;
penetrates Creek country, 244.

Claiborne, William Charles Cole, appointed governor of Mississippi
Territory, i. 295, 403;
receives possession of Louisiana, ii. 256;
governor of Orleans Territory, 400;
character of, iii. 297 _et seq._;
his anxieties, 304;
his ignorance of Burr’s conspiracy, 308;
warned by Wilkinson and Andrew Jackson, 316 _et seq._;
takes possession of West Florida, v. 310–314;
left by Jackson in charge of military defence of New Orleans,
viii. 325;
his want of authority, 341;
commands on the Chef Menteur Road, 369.

Claims, American, on France (see French spoliations).

Claims, American, on Spain (see Pinckney), iii. 23–26, 28–30, 32,
35, 107.

Clark, Christopher, a manager of Chase’s impeachment, ii. 228.

Clark, Daniel, of New Orleans, iii. 222;
in sympathy with Burr and the Mexican Association, 223, 236;
his letter to Wilkinson complaining of Burr’s indiscretion, 224;
Burr’s drafts to be drawn in his favor, 231;
a correspondent of Burr in New Orleans, 296, 322;
his hatred for Claiborne, 300;
delegate to Congress, 302, 303;
secures affidavits in evidence of his innocence, 306 _et seq._;
in Washington, 307;
preserves silence respecting the conspiracy, 308;
Wilkinson’s letters to, 321, 322;
turns against Wilkinson, 454.

Clark, William, explores Louisiana Territory with Captain Lewis,
iii. 12, 215.

Clay, Green, brigadier-general of Kentucky militia, surprises
Proctor, vii. 105, 107;
commands Fort Meigs, 109, 114.

Clay, Henry, i. 133;
Burr’s counsel, iii. 278, 282;
senator from Kentucky, his war-speech of Feb. 22, 1810, v. 189;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 320, 321;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 333, 334;
elected speaker, vi. 122, 124;
favors army of thirty-five thousand men, 151;
favors war-power, 161;
favors navy, 164;
supposed to have coerced Madison to war, 196;
urges embargo, 201;
suppresses discussion in the House, 227;
his vote defeats repeal of non-importation, 234;
his account of the military efforts of Kentucky, 390–393;
his comments on Hull’s surrender, 392, 393;
opposes compromise of forfeitures under Non-importation Act, 442;
elected speaker of Thirteenth Congress, vii. 53;
assists Harrison, 73, 74;
nominated and confirmed as joint envoy to negotiate peace at
Ghent, 371, 393;
resigns speakership and sails for Europe, 396; ix. 10;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 16;
insists that the British will recede, 20;
combative, 29;
his speeches, 31;
drafts Indian article, 32;
opposed to recognizing the British right of navigating the
Mississippi, 46–48;
his opinion of the treaty, 50, 58;
his character, 51, 52;
Speaker in the Fourteenth Congress, 107, 108;
favors strong foreign policy, 109;
favors protection, 113–115;
recants his errors in regard to the national bank, 117;
attacked on account of the Compensation Act, 136;
offered the War Department, 142;
supports internal improvements, 149, 150.

Clergy, of New England, their authority, i. 79–82;
Jefferson’s quarrel with, 313–318;
their opinion of Jefferson, 321;
their attitude toward the war, viii. 20–23;
their division into Orthodox, Unitarian, and Universalist, ix,
175–187.

“Clermont,” Fulton’s steamboat, makes her first voyage August 17,
1807, iv. 135.

Cleveland in 1800, i. 3.

Clifton, William, i. 98.

Clinton, De Witt, i. 112, 228, 233;
resigns his senatorship to become mayor of New York, 266, 281;
attacks Burr through Cheetham, 331;
his duel with Swartwout, 332; ii. 206;
presides over a “Chesapeake” meeting in New York, iv. 28;
his attitude toward the embargo, 283;
takes electoral votes from Madison, 287;
nominated for the Presidency by New York, vi. 215;
his canvass, 409, 410;
his electoral vote, 413; vii. 48;
favors Erie Canal, ix. 168.

Clinton, George, i. 114;
governor of New York, 228; ii. 173;
nominated for Vice-President, 180;
Vice-President, iii. 126;
his casting vote confirms Armstrong, 153, 172;
renominated for Vice-President in 1808, iv. 226, 287;
his hostility to Madison, 227;
supported by Cheetham for the Presidency, 227, 284;
his opinions reported by Erskine, 385;
his opposition to Madison, 428, 430;
presides in the Senate, v. 76, 190;
his vote against the Bank Charter, 337;
his political capacity, 363, 364;
his death, vi. 214.

Clopton, John, member of Congress from Virginia, on the army bill,
iv. 212.

Coast survey, appropriation for, by Congress, iii. 355.