Chapter X (7)

Regiments (see Infantry).

Regnier, Grand Judge, announces the enforcement of the Berlin
Decree, iv. 169.

Reid, Samuel C., captain of privateer “General Armstrong,” his
battle at Fayal, viii. 202–207.

“Reindeer,” British 18-gun sloop-of-war, captured by the “Wasp,”
viii. 186–188; ix. 230.

“Reindeer,” privateer, built in thirty-five days, viii. 194.

Remusat, Mme. de, v. 235.

Representation, ratio of Congressional, fixed, i. 301.

Republicans (see Party).

Retaliation acts, ii. 397 _et seq._

“Revenge,” the, sails with instructions to Monroe respecting the
“Leopard” outrage, iv. 39;
returns, 133, 166.

Revenue (see Finances).

Rhea, James, captain in the First United States Infantry, vii. 73.

Rhea, John, member of Congress from Tennessee, on the annexation of
West Florida to Louisiana, v. 324;
asserts contract with Napoleon, 343.

Rhine, passed by the allied armies, vii. 373.

Rhode Island, roads in, i. 64;
appoints delegates to the Hartford Convention, viii. 227;
elects federalist congressmen in November, 1814, 228;
cotton manufactures of, depressed by the peace, ix. 96;
federalist in 1816, 133.

Riall, P., British major-general, his force, viii. 38;
takes position behind the Chippawa River, 40;
advances in order of battle, 41;
his report of his defeat, 43, 44;
his loss, 45;
retires toward Burlington, 45;
advances to Lundy’s Lane, 47, 49;
orders retreat, 51;
wounded and captured, 52.

Rice, value of export of, in 1815, ix. 94;
in 1816, 126.

Richardson, ----, lieutenant of Canadian militia, his account of
the capture of Detroit, ii. 332;
his description of Kentucky militia, vii. 96, 97.

Rifles, efficiency of, vii. 95; ix. 231;
First Regiment of, viii. 69;
at Fort Erie, 71, 83;
Fourth Regiment of, at Fort Erie, 83;
in the sortie, 87–89.

Rigaud, i. 384, 386.

Ripley, Eleazar Wheelock, colonel of Twenty-first U. S. Infantry,
at the battle of Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 188;
promoted to brigadier and sent to Niagara, 409;
his previous history, viii. 35;
his brigade, 36;
crosses the Niagara, 39;
arrives at Chippawa, 40;
not in battle of Chippawa, 43;
advises advance on Burlington Heights, 47;
strength of his brigade, 47;
arrives on the battle-field at Lundy’s Lane, 53;
captures the British position, 54–56;
holds the hill-top, 58;
ordered to retreat, 59;
his losses, 64;
ordered to regain the field of battle, 64, 65;
marches out and returns, 65;
retreats to Fort Erie, 66, 70;
his quarrel with Brown, 66, 67, 81, 85;
fortifies Fort Erie, 67;
strength of his brigade, 69;
repulses assault, 71, 72, 74;
discourages sortie, 85;
desperately wounded in sortie, 88, 89;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.

Ritchie, John, captain of artillery in Hindman’s battalion, viii.
37;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53;
killed, 58.

Roads, in 1800, i. 2, 5, 11 _et seq._, 14, 63, 64;
over the Alleghanies in 1800, 2;
Jefferson’s proposed fund for, iii. 2, 345;
through the Creek and Cherokee country, 14;
Jefferson’s anxiety to begin, 19;
Cumberland, 181;
proposed by Gallatin, iv. 364, 365;
and canals, national, recommended by Madison, ix. 105;
encouraged by Virginia in 1816, 163–165;
popular demand for, 168, 169.

Robbins, Jonathan, case of, ii. 333.

Roberts, Jonathan, elected senator, vii. 401.

Robertson, Thomas Bolling, member of Congress from Louisiana,
favors protection to sugar, ix. 114.

Robinson, W. H., British commissary-general, his report on the
failure of supplies for Upper Canada, viii. 92.

Robinson, ----, major-general in British army, commands light
brigade at Plattsburg, viii. 101;
moves on the works, 110, 111.

Rochambeau, General, succeeds Leclerc at St. Domingo, ii. 15; iii.
87.

Rockingham, in New Hampshire, county meeting of, vi. 403, 409.

Rockville, or Montgomery Court House, sixteen miles from
Washington, viii. 142;
Winder arrives at, 154, 156.

Rodgers, John, captain in the United States navy, at Tripoli, ii.
429;
president of Barron’s court-martial, iv. 21;
ordered to sea in the “President,” May 6, 1811, vi. 25;
chases the “Little Belt,” 26, 27;
mistakes the “Little Belt” for the “Guerriere,” 29, 30;
his action with the “Little Belt,” 28–36;
his orders in June, 1812, 363, 365, 367, 368;
chases the “Belvidera,” 366;
arrives with his squadron at Boston, 375;
sails again with squadron, 378, 381;
returns, Dec. 31, 1812, 381;
goes to sea April 30, 1813, vii. 285, 287;
erects batteries on the Potomac, viii. 164.

Rodney, Cæsar A., elected to Congress in place of James A. Bayard,
ii. 76, 95;
a Republican leader, 100;
defends the Louisiana treaty, 102;
reports Jefferson’s bill for administering Louisiana, 119;
shares in the trial of Judge Chase, 219, 228, 234;
attorney-general, undertakes the prosecution of Burr, iii. 444;
points out the consequences to the Administration of convicting
Wilkinson, 455;
his opinion concerning Judge Johnson’s _mandamus_, iv. 264;
his report on slavery in Indiana, vi. 76;
resigns attorney-generalship, 429.

Rose, George, vice-president of the board of trade, ii. 419;
his view of the Orders in Council, iv. 100, 102;
on the Orders in Council, vi. 276, 277, 281, 283;
yields to an inquiry, 283.

Rose, George Henry, sent as envoy for the adjustment of the
“Chesapeake” affair, iv. 104; v. 112;
his ignorance of the Orders in Council, iv. 133;
arrives at Norfolk on the “Statira,” 178;
his instructions, 178–182;
his character and qualities, 182;
his description of Congress, 184;
explains to Madison that Jefferson’s proclamation is a
stumbling-block, 187;
his letter to Canning, 188;
suggests withdrawal of the proclamation, 190;
explains the new proposals of Jefferson to Canning, 192;
difficulties in the way of following his instructions, 192;
reveals the further disavowals expected, 193;
breaks off negotiation, 196;
makes his parting visits, and has free conversation with
Gallatin and Smith, 197;
writes to Canning under Pickering’s influence, 232;
intended as minister to the United States to succeed Erskine, v.
95.

Rosily, Admiral, iv. 298.

Ross, Robert, major-general of the British army, commands
expedition to America, viii. 124;
arrives in the Potomac, 127;
lands in the Patuxent, August 19, 1814, 128;
camps at Nottingham, August 21, 129;
camps at Marlboro, August 22, 130;
camps at Old Fields, August 23, 131;
his report of losses at Bladensburg, 144;
enters Washington, 145; ix. 21;
reported by Serurier as setting fire to furniture in the White
House, viii. 146;
retires from Washington, 147, 148;
takes part in incendiarism, 164;
lands his army before Baltimore, 168;
killed, 170; ix. 42;
intended for command of New Orleans expedition, viii. 311–313;
his capture of Washington highly approved by the Prince Regent,
314, 315;
his movements synchronous with Jackson’s, 318.

“Rossie,” Baltimore privateer, vii. 316, 335.

“Rota,” British 38-gun frigate, viii. 205, 206.

Rottenburg (see De Rottenburg).

Roumanzoff, Count Nicholas, chancellor of the Russian empire, his
language about Austria, v. 134;
declines to interfere in Danish spoliations, 409, 410, 411;
declines to release vessels at Archangel, 415;
protests against ukase, 418;
offers the Czar’s mediation, vii. 27, 29;
left at St. Petersburg, 344, 345;
receives Castlereagh’s refusal of mediation in May, 345, 346;
favors renewing offer, June 20, 347;
authorized by the Czar, July 20, to renew offer, 348;
his conduct perplexes the American commissioners, 349;
his motives, 350;
renews offer of mediation in note of August 28, 351, 353;
mortified by the Czar’s treatment, 353, 354;
assures Gallatin that mediation was the Czar’s idea, 353;
resigns and retires, 354, 355.

Roume, Citizen, French agent in St. Domingo, i. 384, 387.

Round Head, Indian chief, at the River Raisin, vii. 94;
captures Winchester, 96.

Rouse’s Point, difficulty in fortifying, viii. 97, 98.

Rovigo, Duc de (see Savary).

Rule of the war of 1756, that trade illegal in peace should not be
permitted in times of war, ii. 322, 323, 329;
affirmed by Lord Mulgrave, iii. 48;
assumed by James Stephen, 51, 53;
applied by the Whigs, 419;
insufficient to protect British trade, iv. 100, 319;
Erskine reports Gallatin ready to concede, 389;
Canning’s demand for express recognition of, v. 53, 55, 72, 104.

“Running ships,” vii. 315.

Rush, Richard, comptroller of the Treasury, vi. 229;
on the loss of the “Chesapeake,” vii. 303;
offered the Treasury, 397;
appointed attorney-general, 398, 399;
attends the President to Bladensburg, viii. 137, 140;
and in the subsequent flight, 149, 150;
returns to Washington, 157.

Russell, Jonathan, charged with legation at Paris, v. 260, 380;
his reports on the revocation of the decrees, 381–395;
blamed by Monroe for questioning the revocation of the French
decrees, vi. 42;
blamed by Serurier for his tone, 53;
sent as chargé to the legation at London, 252, 282;
asks proofs that the French decrees are repealed, 252;
his reports from London, 283;
his interview with Castlereagh, Aug. 24, 1812, vii. 2, 3;
nominated minister to Sweden, 59;
nomination not confirmed by the Senate, 62, 63, 71;
confirmed, 64, 371;
at Ghent, ix. 14, 16, 46.

Russia, wishes to exchange ministers with the United States, iv.
465;
declined by Senate, 466;
mission to, declared inexpedient, v. 11;
minister to, appointed, 86;
her rupture with France in 1811, 385, 398, 399, 412–423;
annoyed by American war, vii. 1, 26;
loses and recovers Moscow, 9, 26, 27, 30;
drives Napoleon from Poland and Prussia, 11, 30;
offers mediation to the United States, 28, 29, 41.
(See Alexander, Roumanzoff, Nesselrode.)

Rutledge, John, member of Congress from South Carolina, i. 269,
271.

Ryland, Herman W., secretary to Sir James Craig, iv. 243, 460; v.
86.

Sackett’s Harbor, military importance of, vi. 342, 343;
force concentrated at, in March, 1813, vii. 149, 150;
denuded of troops, 156, 163;
attacked, 164, 165;
attack repulsed, 166–170;
garrison at, in 1814, viii. 91;
to be besieged in the spring of 1815, 92, 118, 119.

Sailors (see Seamen).

St. Augustine (see Florida, East).

St. Cyr, Gouvion, French ambassador at Madrid, pledges France never
to alienate Louisiana, i. 400; ii. 61.

St. Domingo ceded to France, i. 354, 378 _et seq._;
destruction of the French army in, 414;
relations of United States to, ii. 326;
independence declared, iii. 87;
armed trade with, 87;
Napoleon’s prohibition of, 89;
trade with, prohibited by act of Congress, 141;
character of the act, 142;
Southern reasons for approving, 142.

“St. Lawrence,” British line-of-battle ship, on Lake Ontario, viii.
93.

St. Lawrence River, strategic importance of, vii. 144–147;
Wilkinson’s expedition down, 178–191;
difficulties of transport on, viii. 92;
both banks to be Canadian, ix. 7, 10, 31.

St. Mary’s, seized by British, ix. 62.

St. Mary’s River, v. 165.

Salaberry (see De Salaberry).

Salaries of cabinet officers, vii. 398;
of public officials, ix. 119–122.

Salt, repeal of duty on, iii. 182, 183; vi. 149, 150;
tax to be re-enacted, 157, 166, 167.

“San Domingo,” British ship-of-the-line, vii. 272.

Sandusky River, base of Harrison’s campaigns, vii. 76, 78, 79, 84,
108, 109. (See Fort Stephenson.)

Sandwich, opposite Detroit, vi. 302;
occupied by Harrison, vii. 132.

Saratoga, i. 92;
Armstrong’s idea of renewing the scene of, vii. 173; viii. 101.

“Saratoga,” Macdonough’s flagship on Lake Champlain, viii. 104;
her armament, 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 107–110;
her losses, 111; ix. 234.

Sargent, Daniel, iv. 413.

Sassafras River, in Maryland, Cockburn’s expedition to, vii. 268;
Sir Peter Parker stationed off, viii. 165.

Sauvé, Pierre, ii. 401, 406; iii. 301.

Savannah, threatened by British, ix. 63.

Savary, Duc de Rovigo, v. 241.

Sawyer, British vice-admiral, vi. 368.

Sawyer, Lemuel, member of Congress from North Carolina, v. 184.

Scheldt, British expedition to, v. 107.

Schooner, the swiftest sailer in the world, vi. 48;
privateer, vii. 315, 316;
a wonderful invention, 319, 320; ix. 228, 236;
the triumph of the war, vii. 322, 323.

Schuylers of New York, the, i. 108.

Scott, ----, British colonel of the Hundred-and-third Regiment, at
Lundy’s Lane, viii. 50;
leads assault on Fort Erie, 72, 75;
killed, 76, 78.

Scott, Charles, governor of Kentucky, vii. 73.

Scott, Dred, case of, ii. 126, 129.

Scott, Michael, author of “Tom Cringle’s Log,” vii. 321;
his remarks on Yankee sailors and schooners, 321–323.

Scott, Walter, i. 126; ix. 212.

Scott, Sir William, his judgments in admiralty cases, ii. 327;
his judgment in the case of the “Essex,” iii. 44, 45, 47;
news of judgment received in America, 95, 96;
opposes reforms in his court, iv. 96;
his remarks on the right of retaliation, 321;
decides the French decrees to be still in force, vi. 267.

Scott, Winfield, captain of artillery in 1808, vi. 292;
his description of the army, 292;
lieutenant-colonel at Queenston Heights, 351;
surrenders, 352;
colonel of Second U. S. artillery, chief-of-staff to Dearborn,
vii. 156, 161;
captures Fort George, 157, 158;
his opinion of Wilkinson, 173;
his opinion of Hampton, 174;
his opinion of Brown, 409;
promoted to brigadier, 409;
drills his brigade at Buffalo, viii. 28, 36;
organization and strength of his brigade, 35;
lands below Fort Erie, 39;
marches on Chippawa, 39, 40;
fights the battle of Chippawa, 41–45;
ordered to march toward Queenston, 50;
attacks British army at Lundy’s Lane, 51–53;
wounded, 58, 66;
his brigade, 236;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.

“Scourge,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 333.

Seamen, British, their desertion to American service, ii. 332–339;
in the American marine, iii. 94;
desertion of, iv. 1;
foreign, in the American service, vi. 455–457;
foreign, to be excluded from American vessels, vii. 47.

Search, right of, ii. 322;
as understood by Napoleon, v. 137, 145.

Seaver, Ebenezer, member of Congress from Massachusetts, vi. 400.

Sebastian, Judge, iii. 274;
resigns, 293.

Sedition Law (see Acts of Congress).

Seminole Indians, vii. 217, 218.

Semonville, Comte de, his official address, v. 382, 388; vi. 8.

Senate (see Congress).

“Serapis,” British 44-gun frigate, vii. 6.

Sergeant, John, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, ix. 107;
opposes bank, 118;
sent to Europe, 131.

Serurier, Jean Matthieu Philibert, succeeds Turreau as French
minister at Washington, v. 345, 346;
his first interview with Robert Smith, 346;
reports the government decided to enforce non-intercourse against
Great Britain, 347;
his estimates of Gallatin and Robert Smith, vi. 46–50;
the crisis of his fortune, 52;
reports Monroe’s anger at Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 53, 54, 67;
remonstrates at Barlow’s delay, 55;
his letter of July 19, 1811, on the repeal of Napoleon’s decrees,
60;
his report of Monroe’s and Madison’s remarks on Napoleon’s
arrangements, July, 1811, 63, 64;
his report of Madison’s warlike plans in November, 1811, 129,
130;
his reports on Crillon and John Henry’s papers, 178–181;
his report of Madison’s language on the French spoliations,
187;
his report of Monroe’s language regarding the repeal of the
French decrees, 188, 189, 194, 195;
his report of Monroe’s remarks on the embargo and war, 200;
remonstrates against suspension of the Non-importation Act, 205;
his remarks on the failure of the loan, 208;
his report of angry feeling against France, 217;
his report of Monroe’s complaints in June, 1812, 231;
his report of Monroe’s language about the occupation of East
Florida, 241;
his report of Monroe’s language about negotiation for peace, 415,
416;
his report of Monroe’s military prospects, vii. 35, 36;
his report of fears for the safety of Washington, in July, 1813,
56;
his reports in 1813–1814, 391–395;
his explanation of the abandonment of the restrictive system by
Madison, 393–395;
his report of the burning of Washington, viii. 145, 146.

Shaler, Nathaniel, captain of privateer “Governor Tompkins,” vii.
327;
his escape from a man-of-war, 328.

“Shannon,” British frigate, vi. 368;
chases “Constitution,” 370;
stationed off Boston, vii. 281;
captures the “Chesapeake,” 285–303.

Sheaffe, Sir R. H., major-general of the British army in Canada,
vi. 349, 351;
his force in the district of Montreal, vii. 194, 195;
Brock’s successor in Upper Canada, viii. 48.

Sheffield, Earl of, his devotion to the British navigation laws,
ii. 413; iv. 73.

Shelburne, Lord, his negotiation of 1783, ix. 14.

Shelby, Isaac, governor of Kentucky, vii. 74;
commands the Kentucky volunteers in Canada, 128, 139;
remonstrates against Harrison’s resignation, 410, 411;
his letter of April 8, 1814, on the necessity of peace, viii. 13;
sends Kentucky militia to New Orleans, 327.

Sherbrooke, Sir J. C., British governor of Nova Scotia, occupies
Castine and Machias, viii. 95, 96, 174.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, v. 265.

Sherman, Roger Minot, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii.
292.

Shipherd, Zebulon R., member of Congress from New York, on the
approaching fall of the national government in 1814, viii. 277.

Shippers, British, ii. 318, 320.

Shipping, character of, in 1800, i. 6;
American, increase of, ii. 325;
its prosperity in 1809–1810, v. 15, 290;
protection of, 319;
growth of, in Massachusetts, 1800–1816, ix. 159.

Short, William, sent by Jefferson as minister to Russia, iv. 465;
appointment negatived, 466; v. 11.

Sidmouth, Lord (see Addington), Lord Privy Seal, iii. 393; iv. 73;
speech on the Orders in Council, v. 59;
his weariness of the orders, 282, 283;
enters Cabinet, vi. 281.

Silliman, Benjamin, Professor of Chemistry at Yale College, i. 310.

“Siren,” privateer, captures “Landrail,” viii. 195, 196.

Skipwith, Fulwar, U. S. consul at Paris, attacks Livingston, ii.
289; iii. 379.

Slave representation, iv. 458.

Slave-trade, restrictions of, in Louisiana, ii. 122;
Jefferson recommends its abolishment, iii. 347;
debate in Congress on the abolition of, 356.

Slavery, i. 134–136, 150, 154;
in Indiana, vi. 75–77;
stimulus to, in 1815, ix. 94.

Sloan, James, member of Congress from New Jersey, iii. 160, 174,
183, 357;
moves that the seat of government be moved to Philadelphia, iv.
208.

Sloops-of-war, in the U. S. navy (see “Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,”
“Syren,” “Nautilus”);
act of Congress for building six, vi. 449;
their cost, vii. 310;
their size and force, 311;
their efficiency compared with frigates, 312;
six new, ordered to be built, 313;
twenty authorized by Act of November 15, 1814, viii. 281;
their record in 1814, 181–193.

Smilie, John, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, iii. 359, 362;
iv. 213; v. 204.

“Smith Faction,” the, in Congress, iv. 428.

Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, ii. 218.

Smith, John, senator from Ohio, ii. 218; iii. 175;
under the influence of Burr, 220;
sends letter to Burr by Peter Taylor, 275;
Burr’s reply, 276;
refuses to testify, 282;
his complicity in Burr’s schemes investigated, iv. 208.

Smith, John, senator from New York, ii. 153, 218.

Smith, John Cotton, member of Congress from Connecticut, i. 269;
iii. 132, 143, 242;
governor of Connecticut, on the report of the Hartford
Convention, viii. 304, 305.

Smith, John Spear, chargé in London, vi. 21, 267.

Smith, Nathaniel, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 294.

Smith, Robert, appointed Secretary of the Navy, i. 220 _et seq._;
promises economies, 272;
dissuades Jefferson from proposing constitutional amendment, ii.
83;
consents to reduction of navy estimates, 136;
_homme fort poli_, 373, 374;
uncle of Mrs. Jerome Bonaparte, 377–379;
a gentleman and a soldier, 431;
asks to be made attorney-general, January, 1805, appointed and
commissioned as attorney-general, but continues Secretary of
the Navy, iii. 10–12;
his opinion on Monroe’s Spanish negotiation, 68;
his letter to Jefferson on Burr’s conspiracy, 331;
wishes a call of the Senate to consider Monroe’s treaty, 432;
acts as Jefferson’s intermediator with Rose, iv. 188–191;
talks freely with Rose, 197;
dislikes the embargo, 261;
his opinions reported by Erskine, 384;
regarded as extravagant by Gallatin, 425, 428;
offered the Treasury Department, v. 7, 379;
becomes Secretary of State, 8, 10;
his language about war with France, 35;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake”
affair, 68, 69, 89;
his replies to Canning’s three conditions, 71–73;
his remarks to Turreau on Jefferson’s weakness and indiscretions,
84;
introduces F. J. Jackson to the President, 120;
his interviews with Jackson, 122–124, 126;
his incompetence, 159;
Madison’s resentment of his conduct on Macon’s bill, 186, 187;
his supposed quarrels in the Cabinet, 188;
opposed to Madison’s course toward France, 296, 297, 366, 374,
375, 378;
notifies Turreau of the President’s intention to revive the
non-intercourse against England, 302, 303;
explains to Turreau the occupation of West Florida, 313;
his first interviews with Serurier, 340, 347;
irritates Madison by questioning Serurier, 350;
his abilities, 363, 376;
his removal from the State Department, 375–377;
his Address to the People, 378;
his retort against Madison, 379;
Serurier’s estimate of, vi. 46–50;
his remark about American schooners, 48;
his comments on Jefferson, Madison, and Clinton, 48;
his pamphlet reveals secrets annoying to Madison, 54.

Smith, Samuel, member of Congress from Maryland, appointed
temporarily Secretary of the Navy, i. 219, 245;
his character, 267;
moves to purchase Louisiana, 433;
his vote on Chase’s impeachment, ii. 238;
his wish to be minister to Paris, 378;
senator from Maryland, iii. 83, 126;
his Non-importation Resolutions, 146, 150, 151;
his wish for diplomatic office, 152, 153;
his opposition to Armstrong’s appointment defeated, 153, 172;
punished by Jefferson, 168, 170;
his view of the President’s course, 169, 170;
writes to Nicholas respecting Burr’s conspiracy, 335;
annoyed at Jefferson’s ignoring the army in annual message, 348,
349;
his letters to W. C. Nicholas respecting Jefferson’s rejection
of Monroe’s treaty, 431 _et seq._;
on the embargo committee, iv. 172;
his hostility to Gallatin, 425, 428;
defeats Gallatin’s appointment as Secretary of State, v. 4–7;
his quarrel with Gallatin, 10, 11;
votes for mission to Russia, 11;
re-elected to the Senate, 159;
his support of Giles, 180;
defeats Macon’s bill, 185, 192, 193;
his motives, 185, 186, 187, 192;
reports bill of his own, 197, 198;
moves censure of Pickering, 322;
his speech on the Bank Charter, 335, 336;
his abilities, 363;
opposes every financial proposal, vi. 234;
votes against occupying East Florida, 243;
in opposition, vii. 48;
votes against Gallatin’s Russian mission, 59;
opposes seizure of East Florida, 209;
no chance of re-election, 399;
major-general of Maryland militia, refuses to yield command of
Baltimore to Winder, viii. 167, 168;
sends Stricker’s brigade to meet the enemy, 169;
member of the House in 1815–1817, ix. 107;
supports Bank, 116.

Smith, Thomas A., colonel of Rifles, promoted to brigadier-general,
vii. 409.

Smith, William Steuben, surveyor of the Port of New York, in
Miranda’s confidence, iii. 189;
removed from office and indicted, 195, 208;
his trial, 208;
his acquittal, 209;
connected with Burr, 263, 265.

Smith and Ogden, case of, iii. 208, 450.

Smyth, Alexander, inspector-general of United States army, with
rank of brigadier, vi. 353;
arrives at Buffalo with brigade, 346;
his disagreement with Van Rensselaer, 346, 348;
ordered to take command, 353;
his Niagara campaign, 354–358;
dropped from the army-roll, 358.

Snake Hill, western end of the American lines at Fort Erie, viii.
71, 86;
assaulted, 72–75, 79.

Snyder, Simon, chosen governor of Pennsylvania, iv. 286; v. 13;
vetoes bill creating forty-one banks, viii. 16.

Somers, Lieutenant, at Tripoli, ii. 427.

“Sophie,” 18-gun British sloop-of-war, appears off Barataria, viii.
321;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 322–324.

South Carolina in 1800, i. 37;
brilliant prospects of, 39, 149 _et seq._;
decides the election of 1800, 150;
contrast in the character of its people, 153 _et seq._;
creates a State army, viii. 283.

Spain, relations of, with the United States, i. 337 _et seq._;
clumsiness of her colonial system, 419;
declares war with England, ii. 303;
Jefferson’s expectation of bickering with, iii. 8;
Monroe’s negotiation with, 23–36;
effect of Monroe’s negotiation with, on Jefferson and Madison,
54–79;
expected war with, 61, 62, 99, 118, 128, 189;
Gallatin’s opinion of Monroe’s negotiation with, 66;
Robert Smith’s opinion, 68;
negotiation with, not to be converted into a French job, 70, 77;
Cabinet decision to transfer negotiation to Paris, and offer
five millions for West Florida, 78;
Merry’s report on, 96;
Madison’s remarks to Merry, 98;
Talleyrand’s proposed settlement with, 103, 106;
accepted by Jefferson, 106;
notice of unfriendly relations with, in Jefferson’s annual
message of 1805, 112;
Jefferson’s comments on, to Turreau, 125;
Jefferson’s secret message on, Dec. 6, 1805, 130, 177;
Randolph’s remarks on the policy toward, 178;
relations with French finance, 372;
her “perfidy and injustice,” 437;
her condition in 1807, iv. 115, 116;
occupied by French armies, 119, 122, 293, 297;
collapse of government in, 298;
Joseph Bonaparte crowned king of, 300;
revolution of the Dos de Maio, 300–302, 315;
its effect in America, 339–343;
Napoleon and Moore’s campaigns in, v. 22–28;
Wellesley’s campaigns in, 268.

Spanish America, Napoleon’s policy toward, ii. 54; iv. 300–303,
316; v. 32, 33, 384, 385, 407;
Jefferson’s wishes regarding, iv. 340–342; v. 37, 38;
Madison’s policy toward, 38, 39, 305–315;
Spencer Perceval’s policy toward, 269, 283, 284;
movements for independence in, 305;
Henry Clay’s policy toward, ix. 109.

Spanish claims convention, ii. 249;
defeated in the Senate, 250;
ratified, 278;
conditions on ratification imposed by Spain, 280;
conditions withdrawn by Spain, iii. 26.

Specie in the United States in 1810, v. 330;
large sums of, sent to Canada, vii. 146, 389; viii. 94;
drain of, to New England, 1810–1814, vii. 387–389; viii. 15, 16;
premium on, in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, Feb. 1,
1815, 214;
premium on, in the autumn of 1815, ix. 98;
influx of, in 1816, 127.

Specie payments, suspended in August and September, 1814, by State
banks, except in New England, viii. 213, 214;
suspended by Treasury of the United States, 215;
power to suspend, in Dallas’s scheme for a national bank, 251;
ix. 117;
ordered to be resumed by the Treasury, on Feb. 20, 1817, ix.
118, 119, 128;
resisted by State banks, 129;
resumed Feb. 20, 1817, 131, 132.

Spence, Lieutenant, carries letters from Bollman to Burr, iii. 309.

Spence, William, iv. 69;
his pamphlet “Britain independent of Commerce,” 329.

Spencer, Ambrose, i. 109, 112, 228, 233.

Spencer, P., captain of the British sloop-of-war “Carron,”
reconnoitres Bayou Bienvenu, viii. 338.

Spoliations, British, in 1805, i. 45, 73, 108;
sensation excited, 109, 118, 125;
indemnities asked for, at Ghent, ix. 18;
abandoned, 52.

---- French, on American commerce within Spanish jurisdiction in
1797–1798, i. 350;
excluded from the treaty of 1800, 361–363;
included in Louisiana treaty, ii. 30, 31, 40–42, 46–50, 51, 60,
61;
of every kind, indemnified by treaty of 1800, 297;
insisted upon by Monroe, iii. 23, 25, 29, 30;
forbidden by France, 32;
Monroe’s proposition regarding, 35;
Madison’s suggestion regarding, 60;
Cabinet decision regarding, 107;
in 1807–1808, iv. 292, 293, 312; v. 30;
in 1809, v. 151, 152, 220, 255;
value of, 242, 243;
Madison’s anger at, 292;
Madison’s demand for indemnity, 295, 296;
their municipal character, 299;
their justification as reprisals, 230, 232, 234, 237, 254, 258,
259, 388, 391, 396;
in Denmark, 409, 411;
not matter of discussion, vi. 54, 125;
Madison’s language regarding, 187;
Monroe’s language regarding, 188, 189;
new, reported in March, 1812, 193, 224, 251;
in June, 231;
probable value of, 247.

---- Spanish, in 1805, iii. 37, 67, 78, 107.

Spotts, Samuel, first lieutenant of artillery, in the night battle
at New Orleans, viii. 345.

Stage-coaches, travel by, i. 11 _et seq._

Stanford, Richard, member of Congress from North Carolina, on
armaments in 1808, iv. 214;
votes against Giles’s resolution, v. 182;
his retort on Calhoun, vi. 144;
his speech on war, 146;
votes for legal tender paper, viii. 254;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 118.

Stanley, Lord, vi. 283.

Stansbury, Tobias E., brigadier-general of Maryland militia
commanding brigade at Bladensburg, viii. 140, 156;
criticises Monroe, 151.

State armies, created by Massachusetts, viii. 221, 225, 272, 282;
one of the causes that led to the Constitution of 1789, 282;
created by New York, 282;
by Pennsylvania and Maryland, 282;
by Virginia, South Carolina, and Kentucky, 283;
demanded by Hartford Convention, 284, 297;
Joseph Hopkinson’s remarks on, 286;
of Massachusetts, suspended for want of money, 303.

State Department (see James Madison, Robert Smith, James Monroe).

States rights, asserted by Virginia, i. 138–140;
by Kentucky, 140–143;
by Georgia, 304; ii. 215;
affected by Jefferson’s acts, i. 203, 205, 254, 255, 260, 263,
298; ii. 78, 85, 90, 114, 118, 125, 130, 203, 205, 210;
Gallatin’s attitude toward, i. 116; ii. 79, 80;
Bayard on, i. 292;
Randolph on, ii. 97, 98, 104, 120, 209, 211;
Nicholson on, 102, 209;
Rodney on, 103, 119;
Pickering on, 105;
John Taylor of Caroline on, 105–107;
Breckenridge on, 109, 121;
W. C. Nicholas on, 111–113;
Chief-Justice Taney on, 127;
Justice Campbell on, 127–129;
affected by Jefferson’s acts, iii. 3, 18, 19, 346; iv. 363, 364,
454;
affected by Acts of Congress, iii. 142, 355, 361, 364, 366;
affected by the system of embargo, iv. 251–271, 273, 408–419,
456–459;
mentioned in Madison’s Inaugural Address, v. 4;
affected by the use of militia in war, vi. 159, 160;
affected by the war, vii. 67;
asserted in Massachusetts in February, 1814, viii. 5–8;
asserted by New England in September, 1814, 220–228;
championed by Randolph in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 110, 111;
affected by decisions of Supreme Court, 188–192;
affected by consistent action of government, 193.

“Statira,” British frigate, viii. 316.

_Status ante bellum_, the best terms of peace obtainable, ix. 9;
not offered by Madison, 12;
not offered by England at Ghent, in August, 1814, 21;
opposed to _uti possidetis_, 33, 34;
offered by American commissioners, 37, 49.

Steam-battery, appropriation for, vii. 385.

Steamboat, Fulton’s, i. 69, 71, 182; iii. 20, 216; iv. 135;
experiments of Evans and Stevens, iii. 217;
use of, in 1816, ix. 167, 168, 170–172;
relative character of invention, 236.

Steam-engines in America in 1800, i. 66, 68, 70.

Stephen, James, author of “War in Disguise,” iii. 50–53;
reprints Randolph’s speech, 396;
assists in framing Spencer Perceval’s Orders in Council, iv. 57,
100, 102;
his opinion of Brougham’s speech on the orders, 323;
his speech of March 6, 1809, v. 60, 65;
his remarks on Erskine’s arrangement, 98;
on the orders, vi. 276;
yields to a parliamentary inquiry, 284.

Stevens, Edward, consul-general at St. Domingo, i. 385 _et seq._,
389.

Stevens, John, his character and social position, i. 69, 182;
his experiments with a screw-propeller in 1804, iii. 217;
relative merit of his invention, ix. 236.

Stewart, Charles, at Tripoli, ii. 428;
captain in U. S. navy, vii. 293;
commands “Constitution,” ix. 74;
his action with the “Cyane” and “Levant,” 75, 77;
escapes British squadron, 78.

Stockton, Richard, member of Congress from New Jersey, threatens
rebellion, viii. 277, 278.

Stoddert, Benjamin, i. 192, 219.

Stone, Senator David, of North Carolina, ii. 95, 157; iii. 139;
re-elected senator from North Carolina, vii. 49;
censured and resigns, 399; ix. 107.

Stony Creek, battle of, vii. 159, 160.

Story, Joseph, his description of Fulton’s discouragements, i. 71;
of Marshall, 193, 260;
of Jefferson’s dress, ii. 366;
describes Giles, iv. 205;
opinion on the constitutionality of the embargo, 270;
elected a member of Congress from Massachusetts, 358;
in opposition to Jefferson and the embargo, 358;
letter describing the state of opinion at Washington, 370;
determined to overthrow the embargo, 432, 455, 463;
retires from Congress, v. 76;
obnoxious to Jefferson, 359;
Speaker of Massachusetts legislature, resigns to become Justice
of Supreme Court, viii. 36;
his opinion in the case of Martin against Hunter’s lessee, ix.
190–192.

Stowell, Lord (see Sir William Scott).

Street, John Wood’s colleague, iii. 273.

Street’s Creek (see Chippawa).

Stricker, John, brigadier-general of Maryland militia, sent to meet
Ross’s army, viii. 169;
his battle, 169, 170.

Strong, Caleb, re-elected governor of Massachusetts in April, 1805,
iii. 9;
again in April, 1806, 207;
defeated in April, 1807, iv. 146;
again in April, 1808, 242;
re-elected governor of Massachusetts in April, 1812, vi. 204;
his Fast Proclamation, 399;
declines to obey call for militia, 400;
calls out three companies, 400;
re-elected in 1813, vii. 50;
his speech to the legislature Jan. 12, 1814, viii. 2;
places militia under a State major-general, 221;
his address to the State legislature Oct. 5, 1814, 222, 223;
his letter to Pickering on the British demands, 287, 288; ix. 45;
approves report of Hartford Convention, viii. 301;
his message of Jan. 18, 1815, announcing failure of loan, 302,
303;
succeeded by Governor Brooks, ix. 133.

Strother (see Fort Strother).

Stuart, Gilbert, i. 127.

“Subaltern in America” (see Gleig), quoted, viii. 129, 140, 141,
143, 144.

Suffrage in Massachusetts and New York, vii. 50.

Sugar, stimulated production of, and subsequent glut in the West
Indies, ii. 415;
parliamentary report on, in 1807, iv. 67, 68;
price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.

Sullivan, James, governor of Massachusetts, iv. 146;
receives Pickering’s letter for the State legislature, 237;
declines to convey it, 240;
his reply, 241;
re-elected, 242;
replies to Jefferson’s demand to stop importing provisions, 254;
his death, 416.

Sullivan, William, iv. 411.

Sumter, Thomas, senator from South Carolina, iii. 139;
appointed minister to Brazil, v. 11.

“Sun,” London newspaper, on Madison, ix. 3.

Supreme Court, the, i. 274;
sessions suspended for a year by Congress, ii. 143.
(See Marshall, Chase, Impeachment.)

Sutcliffe, Robert, i. 34.

Swartwout, John, i. 109, 230;
his duel with De Witt Clinton, 332;
marshal of New York, iii. 189;
removed from office, 208;
Jefferson’s reasons for removing him, 209.

Swartwout, Robert, quartermaster-general under Wilkinson, vii. 177;
commands brigade, 184, 189.

Swartwout, Samuel, one of Burr’s adventurers, iii. 252, 255, 263,
265;
carries despatches to Wilkinson, 295;
pursues General Wilkinson, 309;
arrives at Natchitoches, and delivers Burr’s letter to Wilkinson,
311;
arrested at Fort Adams, 319, 460;
discharged from custody, 340.

Sweden, Bernadotte, Prince of, v. 424;
his rupture with Napoleon, 425, 426;
Napoleon declares war on, vi. 251;
mission to, declared inexpedient by the Senate, vii. 62–64.

Swedish Pomerania, v. 425.

Swift, Joseph Gardner, colonel of engineers, ix. 235.

“Syren,” American 16-gun sloop-of-war, v. 378;
captured July 12, 1814, viii. 193;
at New Orleans, vii. 312.

Talishatchee, Creek village, destroyed by Jackson, vii. 237.

Talladega, Creek village, relieved by Jackson, vii. 238.

Tallapoosa River, home of the Upper Creeks, vii. 217, 220, 240,
242;
Jackson’s first campaign to, 245–248;
Jackson’s second campaign to, 254–257.

Talleyrand, i. 335;
his colonial schemes, 352 _et seq._;
becomes French minister of foreign affairs, 353;
his negotiations with the American commissioners, 355;
his instructions for Guillemardet, 355;
his mistakes, 357;
obliged by the X. Y. Z. affair to retire, 358;
restored by Bonaparte, 359, 412;
his letter with regard to Louisiana, 400;
denies the retrocession of Louisiana, 409;
his instructions to Bernadotte, ii. 11;
opposes the cession of Louisiana, 25;
proposes it to Livingston, 27;
explanation of the sale of Louisiana, 55;
assures Cevallos of Napoleon’s opposition to the American claims,
293;
his instructions to Turreau, 295;
reassures Cevallos, 297;
his attitude toward the United States, 309;
report to the Emperor on Monroe’s note, 310;
answer to Monroe, 313;
forbids discussion of Spanish spoliation claims, iii. 26, 30;
rejects American claim to West Florida, 26, 54;
his share in the Spanish negotiations, 34, 41;
his jobbery, 41;
writes to Armstrong the Emperor’s demands concerning trade with
St. Domingo, 90;
sends an agent to Armstrong to suggest an arrangement between the
United States and Spain, 103;
informs Armstrong that the King of Spain refuses to alienate
Florida, 377;
prompts Armstrong to renew his request for the Floridas, 380;
rebukes Vandeul for precipitancy in the Florida matter, 384;
created Prince of Benevento, 385;
removed from office, iv. 107;
his letter of Dec. 21, 1804, on the boundaries of Louisiana, v.
321, 322.

Taney, Chief-Justice, opinion of, respecting governmental powers in
the Louisiana case, ii. 126, 128.

Tariff of 1816, ix. 111–116.

“Tartarus,” British 20-gun sloop-of-war, with the “Avon” and
“Castilian,” viii. 189, 190, 192.

Taxes, abolition of, in 1801, i. 240, 270, 272.

Taxes, war, vi. 157, 165, 166;
postponed, 168, 204;
reported June 26, 1812, 235;
postponed by Congress, 235, 444;
bill for, 447;
bills passed in July and August, 1813, vii. 53–55, 67;
receipts of, paid in Treasury notes or the notes of suspended
banks, viii. 244, 245, 256, 257;
doubled in 1814, 248, 255, 261;
arrears of, in October, 1814, 255, 256;
internal, shifted to customs in 1816, ix. 112.

Tayler, John, ii. 177.

Taylor, James, vi. 414.

Taylor, John, member of Congress from South Carolina, author of
Macon’s bill No. 2, v. 194;
his speech, 195, 196;
introduces Bank Charter, 208.

Taylor, John, of Caroline, i. 143, 146, 263, 338; ii. 94;
his remarks on the Louisiana purchase, 105;
his advice to Monroe, v. 369, 370;
Monroe’s letter to, June 13, 1812, vi. 66;
his remarks on the presidential election of 1812, 414, 417;
his “Inquiry,” ix. 195–197.

Taylor, John W., member of Congress from New York, vii. 398.

Taylor, Josiah, lieutenant of Second Infantry, iii. 303.

Taylor, Peter, evidence of, concerning Blennerhassett’s delusion,
iii. 259;
sent with a warning letter to Burr, 275.

Taylor, Robert, brigadier-general of Virginia militia at Norfolk,
vii. 271.

Taylor, Zachary, captain in the Seventh U. S. Infantry, vii. 73.

Tazewell, Littleton Waller, iii. 459, 465; iv. 28; v. 161; ix. 124.

Tea, price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.

Tecumthe, residence of, in 1805, iii. 15;
his origin, vi. 78;
his plan of Indian confederation, 78, 79;
establishes himself at Tippecanoe, 79;
character of his village, 80;
joined by the Wyandots, 83;
his conference with Harrison, Aug. 12, 1810, 85–88;
seizes salt in June, 1811, 90;
his talk at Vincennes, July 27, 1811, 91;
starts for the Creek country, 92;
his account of the affair at Tippecanoe, 105, 109;
returns from the Creek country, 108;
his reply to British complaints, 109;
his speech of May 16, 1812, 111;
joins the British at Malden, 329, 330;
routs Ohio militia, 315;
at the battle of Maguaga, 326;
at the capture of Detroit, 332;
absent at the River Raisin, vii. 94;
at the siege of Fort Meigs, 104, 106;
stops massacre, 107;
reported to be moving against Harrison, 110, 111;
protests against evacuation of Malden, 130;
killed at the battle of the Thames, 140–143;
his visit to the Creeks in October, 1811, 220;
his speech to the Creeks, 221;
effect of his visit to the Creeks, 222, 223;
his intentions regarding the southern Indians, 232.

Temperance in United States in 1800, i. 47.

Tenallytown, near Washington, Winder’s halt at, viii. 154.

“Tenedos,” 46-gun British frigate, vii. 285, 286, 293;
captures privateer “Enterprise,” 329;
chases “President,” ix. 64, 67.

Tennessee, population of, in 1800, i. 2;
militia, ordered into service, Dec. 10, 1812, vii. 207;
dismissed, 209, 210;
recalled into service, 235;
claim discharge, 239;
return home, 239, 240;
sixty-day, join Jackson, 245;
routed at Enotachopco Creek, 246–248;
disciplined by Jackson, 252, 253;
losses of, at the Horse-shoe, 256;
the whole quota called out by Jackson, Aug. 27, 1814, viii. 320;
march for Mobile, 328;
ordered to New Orleans, 332, 333;
reach New Orleans, 337;
growth of population, ix. 155.

Terre aux Bœufs, encampment at, v. 171–175.

Terry, Eli, i. 181.

Texas, a part of the Louisiana purchase, ii. 7, 256, 294, 298, 300;
boundary, iii. 33;
Spanish definition of boundary, 34;
included in the Louisiana purchase, 40;
Spanish establishments in, to be dislodged, 69, 80;
to be confirmed to Spain, and hypothecated to the United States,
78;
to be purchased, 139;
threatening military movements in, 310.

Thacher, Rev. Samuel Cooper, Unitarian clergyman, ix. 178, 179;
editor of the “Anthology,” 202.

Thames, Harrison’s victory on the, vii. 128–143.

“Thanatopsis,” ix. 207–209.

Theatre in New England in 1800, i. 49, 90.

Thiers, Louis Adolphe, on Napoleon, v. 225, 226, 236.

Thomas, John, major-general of Kentucky militia, ordered to New
Orleans, viii. 336, 337;
arrives at New Orleans, 368;
unwell, 378.

Thompson, Smith, i. 108.

Thornton, Edward, his description of the inauguration of Jefferson,
i. 198, 436, 440;
letter to Hammond, ii. 342, 388;
complains that desertion of seamen is encouraged, 345;
Jefferson’s confidential relations with, 347;
proposals with regard to Monroe’s mission, 351;
on change of tone in 1804, 387, 388.

Thornton, Dr. William, i. 111; viii. 239.

Thornton, William, colonel of British Eighty-fifth Light Infantry,
leads attack at Bladensburg, viii. 141;
severely wounded, 144;
leads the advance to New Orleans, 338, 342;
his brigade, 344, 347;
in the night battle of December 23, 1814, 348;
ordered to cross the river, 371–373;
crosses, 375;
captures Patterson’s battery, 377;
wounded, 378;
recalled, 381.

“Tiber,” British frigate, captures privateer “Leo,” viii. 196.

Ticknor, George, i. 63, 94;
reports Eppes’s remark to Gaston, viii. 262;
reports John Adams’s remark on George Cabot, 307, 308;
reports Jefferson’s remark on the British at New Orleans, 309;
professor of Belles Lettres in Harvard College, ix. 206.

“Ticonderoga,” 17-gun schooner, in Macdonough’s fleet on Lake
Champlain, viii. 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 110.

Tiffin, Edward, governor of Ohio, iii. 282, 286, 289, 334, 335;
senator from Ohio, moves an amendment to the Constitution, iv.
205.

Tilsit, treaty of, iv. 62, 105, 140.

“Times,” the London, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 44, 54, 132;
viii. 201;
on the Orders in Council, v. 62;
on English apathy toward the United States, vi. 24;
on an American war, 287;
on the “Guerriere,” vii. 5, 14;
on the conduct of the war in 1812, 9, 357;
on American privateers in the West Indies, 12;
on the “Macedonian,” 13;
on the “Java,” 16;
on the Foreign Seamen Bill, 25;
on President Madison, 357, 358;
on the execution of British subjects taken in arms, 362;
on the American cruisers, viii. 210, 211;
on Madison, ix. 2, 3;
on terms of peace, 4;
on the defeat at Plattsburg, 35;
on the Ghent correspondence, 43;
on the Treaty, 55, 56.

Tin, price of, in February, 1815, ix. 61.

Tingey, Thomas, captain in U. S. navy, commandant of Washington
navy-yard, sets fire to vessels in the Eastern Branch, viii.
145.

Tippecanoe Creek, vi. 68, 79;
Indian settlement at, 80;
character of, 81;
to be a large Indian resort, 91;
to be broken up, 92, 94;
Harrison’s march on, 97;
arrival at, 98;
camp at, 101;
battle of, 103;
characterized by Tecumthe, 105, 109, 111;
retreat from, 106;
Harrison’s estimate of effect of battle, 107, 108;
charged upon England, 140, 143.

Tobacco, value of exported, in 1815, ix. 94;
in 1816, 126.

Todd, Thomas, associate justice, vii. 74.

“Tom,” Baltimore privateer captured, vii. 329.

“Tom Cringle’s Log,” vii. 321–323.

Tompkins, Daniel D., elected governor of New York in 1807, iv. 283;
his attempts to enforce the embargo, 249, 259;
his prevention of the Bank Charter, vi. 209;
re-elected in May, 1813, vii. 50; viii. 12;
candidate for the Presidency, vii. 403;
offered the State Department, viii. 163;
recommends a State army, 282;
nominated as Vice-President, ix. 122, 123;
elected Vice-President, 139.

Töplitz in Bohemia, the Czar’s headquarters, vii. 351.

Toronto (see York).

Torpedo, Fulton’s, v. 209.

Totten, Joseph G., captain of engineers, vi. 350, 352;
major of engineers, constructs the fortifications of Plattsburg,
viii. 108; ix. 236.

Town-meetings held in Massachusetts to resist the embargo, iv. 410;
Jefferson’s opinion of, 442;
in January, 1814, viii. 5–7.

Towson, Nathan, captain of artillery, vi. 347;
captain of artillery company in Hindman’s battalion, viii. 37;
attached to Scott’s brigade at Chippawa, 43;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50–52, 53, 56;
commands artillery on Snake Hill, 71, 72, 74.

Tracy, Uriah, senator from Connecticut, on the Louisiana treaty,
ii. 107;
believes disunion inevitable, 160, 162;
votes against the impeachment of Chase, 238;
his death, iv. 146.

Trafalgar, battle of, iii. 149, 370.

Travel in America, difficulties of, in 1800, i. 11 _et seq._

Treason, Marshall’s law of, iii. 443, 467;
Giles’s bill for the punishment of, iv. 205.

Treasury (see Gallatin, Jones, Campbell, Dallas).

Treasury Notes, five millions authorized in January, 1813, vi. 448;
ten millions authorized in March, 1814, vii. 390; viii. 18;
Campbell’s only resource, 213, 242;
discount on, Feb. 1, 1815, 214, 261;
six millions as much as could easily be circulated, 242;
no one willing to accept, 244;
fifteen millions to be issued, 261;
value of, affected by the peace, ix. 62;
issues of, 90;
Dallas’s failure to fund, in 1815, 84, 98–103.

Treaties, with European powers, preliminary, between Great Britain,
France, and Spain, Nov. 3, 1762, i. 353; ii. 7, 70;
definitive, between the same, Feb. 10, 1763, i. 353; ii. 6;
definitive, between Great Britain and Spain, Sept. 3, 1783, i.
353;
definitive, between the United States and Great Britain, Sept. 3,
1783, ii. 90, 411; ix. 31, 44–49;
Jay’s, between the United States and Great Britain, Nov. 19,
1794, i. 348; ii. 316, 334, 339, 355, 421, 424; iii. 401;
article xii. of, 410;
of Basle, between Spain and France, July 22, 1795, i. 354;
Pinckney’s, between the United States and Spain, Oct. 27, 1795,
348, 349; ii. 246; iii. 38;
between Toussaint and Maitland, June 13, 1799, i. 385;
of Morfontaine, between the United States and France, Sept. 30,
1800, 362, 388; ii. 21, 42, 46, 47, 293, 296, 297, 383;
of San Ildefonso (Berthier’s), between Spain and France,
retroceding Louisiana, Oct. 1, 1800, i. 370, 401, 403; ii.
43, 58, 70, 254; iii. 38;
of Lunéville, between France and Austria, Feb. 9, 1801, i. 370;
of Lucien Bonaparte, between Spain and France, March 21, 1801,
372, 406, 409; ii. 299;
of Badajos, between Spain and Portugal, June 5, 1801, i. 372;
preliminary, between Great Britain and France, Oct. 1, 1801, 374;
ii. 344;
settling British debts between Great Britain and the United
States, Jan. 8, 1802, 358, 410;
of Amiens, between Great Britain and France, March 25, 1802, 59,
290, 326, 347, 385, 414, 416;
of claims between the United States and Spain, Aug. 11, 1802, 21,
250, 259, 278, 280, 293, 296, 297, 383;
between France and the United States, ceding Louisiana and
settling claims, 39–49, 51, 67, 85, 88, 92, 97, 100, 102,
105, 107, 108, 111, 245, 275, 289, 302, 308, 355, 399–401;
between the United States and Great Britain for settling
boundaries, May 12, 1803, 358, 383, 384, 391, 392, 410, 420,
424;
between the United States and Tripoli, Nov. 4, 1796, i. 244;
June 4, 1805, ii. 434, 436;
of Pressburg, between France and Austria, Dec. 26, 1805, iii.
163, 370;
with England, of Dec. 1, 1806 (Monroe’s), iii. 409 _et seq._,
422, 429–436, 438; iv. 48–51, 129, 144, 154; ix. 33;
of Tilsit, between France and Russia, July 7, 1807, iv. 62;
of Fontainebleau, between France and Spain, Oct. 27, 1807, iv.
119;
of Dec. 24, 1814, with Great Britain at Ghent, ix. 1–53;
of Feb. 22, 1819, between the United States and Spain, ceding
Florida, vi. 237.

---- Indian, of Greenville, Aug. 3, 1795, for the establishment of
peace and boundaries with Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese,
Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatamies, Miamies, Eel Rivers, Weas,
Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias, iii. 13; vi. 79; ix.
19, 20;
of June 16, 1802, with the Creek nation, ceding land between the
forks of the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers in Georgia, vii. 220;
of Aug. 13, 1803, with the Kaskaskia Indians, ceding lands, ii.
92;
of Aug. 18, 1804, with the Delaware Indians ceding land, ii. 207;
vi. 75;
of Aug. 27, 1804, with the Piankeshaw Indians, ceding land, iii.
13; vi. 75, 77;
of Nov. 3, 1804, with the Creek nation, ceding all the land
between Oconee and Ocmulgee, vii. 220;
of July 4, 1805, with Wyandots, Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsee and
Delaware Shawanese, and Pottawatamies, ceding land to the
hundred-and-twentieth mile due west of the west boundary of
Pennsylvania, iii. 13;
of July 23, 1805, with Chickasaws, ceding lands on the Tennessee
and Duck rivers, iii. 14;
of Aug. 21, 1805, with the Delawares, Pottawatamies, Miamies, Eel
River, and Weas, at Grouseland near Vincennes, ceding land,
vi. 75;
of Oct. 25 and 27, 1805, with Cherokees, ceding land, iii. 14;
of Nov. 14, 1805, with Creeks, ceding land, iii. 14;
of Dec. 30, 1805, with Piankeshaws, ceding land, iii. 13;
of Nov. 7, 1807, with the Ottawas, Chippewas, Wyandots, and
Pottawatamies, at Detroit, ceding lands, vi. 82;
of Sept 30, 1809, with the Delawares, Pottawatamies, Miamies, and
Eel River Miamies, at Fort Wayne, ceding lands, vi. 83, 85,
87;
or capitulation of Aug. 9, 1814, with Creek chiefs, ceding lands,
vii. 259–261;
of peace, July 22, 1814, with Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese,
Senecas, and Miamies, vii. 261; ix. 32.

Treaty of June 30, 1815, between the United States and Algiers, of
peace and amity, 105.

---- of July 3, 1815, between the United States and Great Britain,
to regulate commerce, ix. 104.

Treaty-making power, defined by W. C. Nicholas, ii. 87, 88, 112;
by Jefferson, 89, 90;
by Gaylord Griswold, 96, 97;
by Randolph, 98, 99;
by Gouverneur Morris, 100;
by Nicholson, 101;
by Rodney, 102, 103;
by Pickering, 105;
by John Taylor of Caroline, 106, 107;
by Tracy, 108;
by Breckinridge, 109;
by J. Q. Adams, 111;
by Cocke, 113;
summary of opinions on, 114, 115.

Trimble, W. H., major of Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, in Fort Erie,
viii. 75;
his account of the British assault, 76, 77;
wounded in sortie, 88.

Tripoli, the war with, ii. 137, 426 _et seq._;
Pacha of, 430;
peace with, 436;
visited by Decatur in 1815, ix. 105.

Tristan d’Acunha, scene of “Hornet’s” battle with “Penguin,” ix.
71.

Troup, George McIntosh, member of Congress from Georgia, favors
army, iv. 213;
opposes war, 377;
opposes Macon’s bill, v. 185;
on maintaining the army, 202;
on admission of West Florida, 324;
his war-speech, vi. 144, 145;
votes for frigates, 164;
his report on the defences of Washington, vii. 57;
his bill for filling the ranks of the regular army, 381, 382–384;
declares that no efficacious military measure could pass the
House, 266, 267, 268;
denounces Giles’s bill, 273;
his conference report rejected, 280;
his bill for a peace establishment, ix. 84.

“True-Blooded Yankee,” privateer, in British waters, vii. 332.

Trumbull, John, i. 101; ix. 213.

Trumbull, Jonathan, governor of Connecticut, refuses to take part
in carrying out the Enforcement Act, iv. 417, 455;
calls the legislature to “interpose,” 418.

Truxton, Commodore, sounded by Burr, iii. 239.

Tuckaubatchee, Creek town on the Tallapoosa, council at, vii. 220;
Tecumthe’s speech at, 221;
councils at, 224, 225;
chiefs escape from, 227.

Tucker, ----, British colonel of Forty-First Regiment, repulsed at
Black Rock, viii. 69.

Tucker, Henry St. George, member of Congress from Virginia, ix.
107.

Tudor, William, ix. 202, 207, 208.

Tupper, Edward W., brigadier-general of Ohio militia, vii. 78.

Turner, Charles, member of Congress from Massachusetts, assaulted
in Plymouth, vi. 400, 409.

Turner, J. M. W., ix. 213, 216.

Turnpikes, prejudice against, i. 64 _et seq._

Turreau, Louis Marie, appointed minister to the United States by
Napoleon, ii. 268;
his domestic quarrels, 269;
complains of the discredit of France, 271;
embarrassments of, 272;
his description of Madison, 274;
receives instructions from Talleyrand, 296;
presented to Jefferson, 405;
describes General Wilkinson, 406;
his course with Madison in the Spanish business, iii. 81;
his letter to Talleyrand on American policy and national
character, 84;
his abruptness, 86 _et seq._;
sends Talleyrand an account of Jefferson’s conversation in
December, 1805, 124;
his part in the Madison-Yrujo matter, 188;
acts as Yrujo’s ally, 194;
demands an explanation from Madison about Miranda, 195;
reports to Talleyrand Jefferson’s system for an alliance of
nations, 204;
writes concerning Jefferson’s character and position, 205;
writes to his government respecting Burr’s schemes, 226;
his comments on the embargo and war, 396;
writes to his government respecting English relations, 424
_et seq._;
embarrassed by the Berlin Decree, 427;
reports an interview with Jefferson after the “Chesapeake”
affair, iv. 36;
his letter describing the servile character of Americans, 140;
alarmed by Jefferson’s course in Rose’s negotiation, 229;
his letters to Champagny complaining of the embargo, etc., 229
_et seq._, 297;
his long conversations with Madison and Jefferson respecting a
French alliance, 308;
hopes, in January, 1809, that America will declare war, 396;
his anger with the American government in the spring of 1809, v.
33–40;
his report on the repeal of the embargo, 34;
on the Non-importation Act, 35;
on disunion, 36;
on the Spanish colonies, 37;
his advice on rupture with the United States, in June, 1809, 40;
his report of Gallatin’s remarks on renewal of intercourse with
Great Britain, 74;
his report of Robert Smith’s remarks on Jefferson’s weakness and
indiscretions, 84;
his note of June 14, 1809, remonstrating at the unfriendly
conduct of the United States, 84;
his recall ordered by Napoleon, 226;
his successor arrives, 345, 346.

Tuskegee Warrior, murders white families on the Ohio, vii. 224;
is put to death, 225.

Ukase, Imperial, of Dec. 19, 1810, v. 418, 419.

Ulm, capitulation of, iii. 370.

Union, used for nation in the language of the Constitution, ii. 85.

Union, dissolution of, as viewed by southern republicans in 1798,
i. 142;
attempted in New England in 1804, ii. 160–191;
proposed by Burr to the British government in 1804, 395, 403;
Burr’s schemes of, iii. 219–244;
prophesied by Randolph, 364;
schemes for, renewed by New England in 1808, iv. 402–407;
a delicate topic, v. 14;
a cause of repealing the embargo, 34;
discussed by Turreau, 36;
discussed in New England, vi. 403, 409;
affected by the seizure of Florida, vii. 213;
“increasing harmony throughout the,” 365, 366;
jealousies in the, 402;
Massachusetts federalists wish to resist the, viii. 4, 8–10, 13,
22;
southern section of, suffers most by the war, 15;
its duty of defence neglected, 222;
practically dissolved, 223;
amount of sentiment for and against, in 1814, 229;
dissolution of, deprecated by Webster, 275;
dissolution of, encouraged and avowed in Congress, 277;
severance of, deprecated by Hartford Convention, 296;
already dissolved, 300, 301;
alternative to dissolution of, 306;
political effect of peace on, ix. 80, 92;
difficulties of, overcome in 1816, 173, 194, 219, 220;
its distinctive character, 226.

Unitarians in New England, i. 89; ix. 133;
in Harvard College, 176, 177;
churches in Boston, 178;
opinions of, in Boston churches, 179, 180;
literary influence of, 205, 207;
optimism of, 239.

United States, banking capital of, in 1800, i. 26;
credit and trade of, 27;
monetary valuation of, in 1800, and distribution of wealth, 40;
popular characteristics of the people of, in 1800, 41 _et seq._;
standard of comfort, 42;
population in 1810, v. 289;
population of, in 1817, ix. 154;
growth of population and wealth in, 172, 173;
character of people, 219–242.

“United States,” 44-gun frigate, vi. 363;
first cruise of, in 1812, 366, 375;
at Boston, 378;
second cruise of, 381;
captures the “Macedonian,” 382, 383;
blockaded at New London, vii. 278, 279, 287, 311.

Universalists, ix. 133;
growth of church, 183, 184;
significance of movement, 239.