Chapter LII: Part IV: Earth and Sky (7)

Campanus, 920

Canada thistles, =566=

Canary, =49=

Cancer (the crab), 912
Tropic of, 910, 911

Canker-worms, 92

Capella, 901
and the Heavenly Twins, =900=

Capricorn, Tropic of, 911

Capricornus, (the Goat), 912

Carapace (of turtle), 208
of crayfish, =466=

Caraway worms, =319=

Carbon dioxide, 861, 862, 864

Cardinal bird, 31, =133=

Carlyle, 887

Carolina locusts, 367
poplar, =770=

Carpenter, Edward, 391

Carpenter bee, =439=, 440, 441

Carrot, wild, =590=, =591=, =592=

Cassiopeias Chair, Cepheus and the Dragon, =893=, 894

Castor, =900=

_Catastomus commersoni_, 159

Cat-tail, 18, =551=, 552, =553=, 554

Cat, the, 56, 61, =268=, =272=

Catbird, =98=

Caterpillars, 61, 64, 92, 308
Cabbage, 88
Cecropia, =331=
cotton-boll, 96
external anatomy of, =314=
Forest tent, =308=
Milkweed or Monarch, =322=, =324=
Myron sphinx, =343=
Myron sphinx parasitized, =345=
pro-legs, prop legs and true legs of, =314=
Promethea, =337=
shedding skin, =308=
skin of, 309

Caterpillars, swallow-tail, =316=
Viceroy in winter home, =323=
Woolly bear, 327

Catkins, =766=, =767=

Cattle, 295, 298
Original American wild, =295=

Cayuga Basin, 170

Cayuga Lake, 158

Cecropia, caterpillar, molting, =331=
weaving cocoon, =332=
cocoon, cut open, =333=
moth, =330=, =334=

Cedars, 19

Celandine, silver leaf, ladies’ eardrop, =580=

Carnelian, 830

Chalk, 836

Chapman Frank, 51

Charles, Prof. Fred S., =254=, =256=, =260=

Charts, use of, 10

Chart, of bright stars of summer, =901=
of Polar Constellations, =893=
of Winter Stars, =895=

Cheese, Altenburger, 278
Roquefort, 278
Schweitzer, 278

Chestnut, =757=, 758, 759, =760=, 761

Chickadee, 63, =66=

Chickaree, =233=, 234, 236

Chick, the, 41

Chicken ways, =41=

Chickweed, =594=

Chinch bug, 82

Chipmunk, =240=, 241, =242=

Chlorophyll, 729

Chrysalis, =309=
of Monarch, =322=

Chrysanthemum, 561

Chub, 163

Circumpolar whirl, 873, =874=

Civil War, 86

Claws of Cat, 269
(of insects), =313=

Clay, 844, 845, 846, 847

Cleopatra’s Needle, =834=

_Clisodon terminalis_, 627

Clitellum, (of earthworm), 463

Clouds, 851, 852, 855, 871

Clovers, the, 652, 653, 655
Alfalfa, =654=
Buffalo, =653=
Crimson, =652=, =778=
Rabbit-foot or pussy, =653=
Red, =654=
Spotted medic, =655=
Sweet, 654, 655, =656=, 657
White, =658=, 659
Yellow or Hop, =653=

Clute, Prof. W. N., 684, 689, 690

Cob-webs, =475=, 476

Cockroach, =378=, =379=
laying case of eggs, 379

Cocoon, 309
of Cecropia, =333=
of Luna, =309=
of Promethea, =336=
of woolly bear, =327=

Codling Moth, =347=, 349
larva of, =348=

Collections of birds or insects, =8=

Colorado Potato Beetle, =409=, =410=, =411=, =412=
larva of, =410=

Colt, 289

Comet, 907, 908

Compass, Mariner’s, 839, 841
plant, =570=

Compositæ, =554=, =631=, =633=

Composite snow crystal, formed in high and medium clouds, =851=

Composite flower, =554=

Comstock, Prof. J. H., =45=, 319, =833=, =857=

Cone-bearing trees, =789=

Constellations, of the Chair, =893=
The Archer, 912
The Bull, 897, 912
The Crown, =903=
Cygnus, =904=
Orion, =896=
Pleiades, =897=
Dippers, =890=
The Virgin, 912

Coolbrith, Ina, 83

Coon, a pet, =254=
tracks, =250=

Copper sulphate, 825

Coral, 837

Corm (of crocus), =596=
of Jack-in-pulpit, 512

Corn, 85, 131, 660, 665
anthers of, =663=
an ear of, 662, 665
ears with braided husks, =663=
husking for braiding by Seneca Indian women, =660=
pollen-bearing flower of, =662=
growth of, 663, 665
in the shock, =664=

Corn-cracker, the red, =133=

Cornwall, Barry, 515

Corona (of daffodils), =599=
(of the sun), 905

Correlation of Nature Study with:
Arithmetic, 19
Drawing, 17
English, 16
Geography, 18
History, 18
Language work, 16

Cotton, 666, =667=, 668, =669=, =670=

Cotton-gin, 668

Cotton-tail rabbit, =213=, 216

Cottonwood tree, 770, =771=, 772, =773=

Cotyledons or seed-leaves, 496

Country Life in America, 61

Coverts (of feathers), =44=

Cow, 295, =296=, 298, 300, 301
care of milch, 300

Cows as draft animals, 298

Cow’s stomach, 296

Cow-peas, 654

Coxa (of insect), 314

Coyote, pet, =256=

Cray-fish, =466=, 468, 470
where it lurks, =465=

Crickets, 311, 373, 375
Black male and female, 372, =374=
front leg of, =373=
Snowy Tree, =377=, 378
wing covers of, =374=

Crocus, =596=, =597=, 598

Crosby, Prof. Cyrus, =190=, =523=, =538=, =570=, =594=, =623=, =629=,
=636=, =773=, =797=, =798=

Crosiers (of ferns), 692

Cross, Northern, 889, =904=

Croton bug, =378=

Crow the, 43, 46, 56, =129=, 131

Crown, Northern, 902, =903=
of bird, =44=
of daffodil, =599=

Crystal, growth of, 825

Crystals, 825, 851
Alum, 826
Calcite, =835=
Feldspar, =831=
Frost, =854=
Quartz, =829=
Rock, 830
Salt, =827=

Cultivated-Plant Study, 596

Curculio of Plum, 347

Curtis, Ralph, =742=, =743=, =744=, =746=, =752=, =775=

Cutworm, 56, 82, 85, 92

Cyclone, 879

Cygnus, =904=

Cynthia Moth, 337

Dace, 161

“Daddy Longlegs”, =472=, 474

Daffodils, =599=, =600=, =601=

Daisy, 18, =560=, =561=
Yellow, =562=

Damsel-flies, 382, =383=, =384=

Dandelion, 19, 572, 573, 574, 575

Dandridge, Danske, 503

Davie, Oliver, 98

Dawson, Dr., 133

Day, longest, 913
shortest, 913

Definition of Nature-Study, 1

Deland, Mrs. Margaret, 530

Deneb, =904=

Design for embroidery, =498=, =502=

Devil’s darning needle, =382=

Dew, =479=, 851, =853=, 855, 862, =879=

Dickinson, Emily, 200, 204

Dicksonia (fern), =695=

Dippers, Big and Little, 889, =890=, 891, 901

Disk-flowers, 554, =557=, =558=, =560=, =562=, =564=, =567=, =577=,
=632=

Dodder, =538=

Dogs, =261=, =267=

Dog Stars, Great, 898, =899=

Dogtooth Spar, 835, 836

Dogwood, =803=, =804=, =805=

Dolphin, or Job’s Coffin, =904=

Dorr, Julia C., 494

Double Stars, 888

Dragon-flies, 311, =382=, 386

Drake, J. R., 97

Drawing and Nature-Study, 13

Dryden, John, 48

Duck, Rouen, =31=, 37, =39=

Duggar, Prof., 677

Dugmore, A. R., =140=, 147

Dutchman’s breeches, =509=, =511=

Eagle, the constellation of, =904=

Ears (of insects), 314, 365, 369, 373

Earth and Sky, 818

Earthworms, 20, 56, 462, 464

Eft or newt, =197=, =198=, =199=

Egg-shell Experiment farm, 495

Egyptian lotus flower, 546

Elkins, Prof., 909

Elm, American or White, =745=, =746=, =747=

Electro-magnet, 839

Ell-yard, the, =896=

Emerson, R. W., 442

Eohippus, 286

Equatorial Current, 866

Equipment for teaching Nature-Study, 8

_Eschcholtzia californica_, =616=

Everlasting, early or Pussy-toes, =578=
Pearly, =576=, =577=, 633

Evening Primrose, 530, =531=

Excursions, field, 15

Eyelid, film, 36

Eyes, insects, compound, =312=, =314=
simple, =312=, =314=

Feathers, as clothing, 27
as ornament, 30
form of, 27
wing, coverts, 44
wing, primaries, 33, 44
wings, secondaries, 33, 44

Feelers--insects, =312=

Feldspar, =831=, 833, 834, 844

Femur, insect, =312=, 313, 314

Ferns, 684–698
bladder, 697, =698=
boulder, =695=, 697
bracken or brake, =689=, =690=, 691, 697
chain, =695=, 697
Christmas, 684, =685=, 688, =694=
cinnamon, =697=
Dicksonia, =695=
fiddle-heads or crosiers, =691=
flowering, 695, 697
frond of, 687
fruiting of, 693, =694=
indusia or spore-cases of, 686, 694, 695, 697
interrupted, 697
leaf-print of, with parts named, 687
Maiden-hair, 697
Osmunda, 695
Ostrich, 697
pinna of, =687=
pinnule of, 691, 694, =687=
polypody, common, =686=
_Polystichium acrostichoides_, 687
prothallium, =693=, =694=
rachis of, =687=
Sensitive, 695, =696=, 698
sori of, 687, 694
Spleenwort, 697
sporangia of, =686=, 694, 697
stipe or stem of, 687
unfolding of, 691, 692
Walking, =693=
Woodsia, =697=

Festina Lente, 196

Fielde, Miss Adele, 420
Ant-nest, 424

Field lessons, 15

Field note-book, 13

Firefly, =416=, =417=

Fish Study, 149, 152

Fish bream, 161
Brook-trout, =164=
Bullhead, =154=, =155=
_Catostomus commersoni_, 159
Chub, 163
Dace, 163
gills of, 156
Horned pout, 156
Johnny darter, =177=
Minnows, 163
Shiner, =161=, =162=
Stickleback, =168=, =170=
Sucker common, =158=, =160=
Sunfish or Pumpkin seed, =172=, =173=, =174=

Fiske, Geo., =78=, =118=, =119=, =250=

Fiske, John, Prof., 661

Fleur-de-lis, 626, 629

Flower head, 554

Flower and insect partners, 494
wild, 21, 496
with parts named, =492=

Flowerless Plant Study, 684

Fly, House, =405=, =406=, =407=

Fog, =850=, 852, 853, 855

Forestry, Practical, 849

Forest Service, 255, =771=

Forsyth, Mary Isabella, 84

Foster, O. L., =509=, =731=, =761=, =764=

Fox, =257=, =259=, =260=, =267=

Franklin, 858, 859

Frog, =193=, =195=
tree, or Pickering’s Hyla, =190=, =191=

Frost, =853=, =854=, =855=

Fudge, C.F., 592

Fuertes, Louis A., 45, =70=, =73=, =75=, 80, =81=, =94=

Fungi, 706–725

Fungus, bears head, 718
Bracket, =714=
Earth star, =713=
Hedgehog, =717=
_Sarcocypha coccinea_ or scarlet saucer, 718, =719=
Shelf, =714=
stink-horn, =720=

Furry, 238

Gage, Prof. S. H., =187=, 192

Gage, Mrs. S. H., 198

Galaxy the, (of stars), 889

Galileo, 858, 865

Gallager, W. S., 135

Gall-dwellers, =360=, =361=, =362=, =363=, =364=, 768

Galls, =360=, =364=, =767=

Garden, window, 8

Gardening and Nature-Study, 20

Geese, =136=–142
Canada or wild, =139=, =140=

_Gelechia pinifoliella_, 353

Gemini, (the Heavenly Twins), =900=, 912

Geography, 18, 299, 545, 548, 552, 818, 822

Geranium, 643, =644=, =645=, =646=

Gilbert, Grove Karl, =142=, =726=, =793=, =794=, =850=

Glass, 830

Glow-worms, 417

Gnomon, the, 915

Goat, The, =275=, =276=, =277=, =278=, =279=

Goldfinch, or Thistle bird, 31, 49, =50=

Goldfish with parts named, 150

Golden Osier, 765

Goldenrod, =555=, =556=, =557=

Goodale, Elaine, 525

Grades, bird study in primary, 25

Grafting, cleft, 779

Grandfather Greybeard, =472=, =473=

Granite, =833=
Obelisk, =833=

Grasshoppers, 8, 18, 61, 82, 85, 92, =311=, =312=, =365=, =366=,
=367=, =368=, =369=

Grasshopper, with external parts named, 365
Short-horned, 367–369

Gravel, 844

Green Bay-tree, 813

Greene, Robert, 32

Grosbeak, the Cardinal, 133

Ground-hog, =229=, =230=

Gulf Stream, 866

Hail, 853

Hardpan, 844

Hardy, Irene, 243, 619

Hares, =216=

Harte, Bret, 203, 224, 256

Hawks, 36, 43, 46, =108=, =109=

Hay, John, 132

Health value of Nature-Study, 2

Helium, 862, 864

Hemlock, =800=, 801, =802=

Hen, 25, 27, 30, 33, =36=, 37, =39=, =41=, =42=, =43=

Henry, Prof. Joseph, 859

Hepatica, 496, =497=, =498=

Herford, Oliver, 213, 419

Hickory, the shagbark, =755=

H. H., 558, 622, 652

Higginson, Ella, 659

Hill, Mary E., 17

Hives--observation, =453=, 455

Hoar-frost, =851=, =853=, =855=, =879=

Hog, the, =304=, =305=, =306=

Homer, 899

Honey, honeycomb, =451=, =452=, 453

Hornblende, 383

Horne, R. H., 325

Horse-chestnut, =761=, =762=, 763, 764

Horse, the, =286=, =287=, =288=, =289=, =290=, =291=, =292=

Horsetail or Equisetum, =699=, =700=

Howells, W. D., 125

Howitt, Mary, 103

How an apple grows, =782=
a brook drops its load, 822
to begin study of plants and flowers, 489
to begin study of stars, 889
to make an aquarium, 380
to make a sun-dial, 915
to read weather maps, 879
to keep daily weather maps, 883
to find the general direction and average rate of motion of high
and low areas, 883
to make leaf prints, 734
to make plants comfortable, 490
to produce good milk, 299
to study minerals, 828
to teach names of parts of plants and flowers, 492

Humidity, absolute and relative, 862

Hummingbird, 120

Huxley, Thomas, 837

Hyades, 897

Ice, 853, 854, 856

Iceland spar, 835

Imago, or adult stage of insect, 310

Imagination, training of, 1

Impatiens or Touch-me-not, =578=

Indians, North American, 503, =660=, 676, =810=

Indian turnip, 512

Indusia of ferns, =686=, 687, =694=, =695=, 697

Insect Study, 308

Insects, breathing of, 313
biting and sucking, 313
brownies, 311
eggs of, 308

Ingersoll, Ernest, 249

Invertebrate-Animal Study, 458

Iris, or blue flag, 626, =627=, =628=, =629=

Irvine, J. P., 111

Isaiah, 765

Isobar, 870, 879

Isotherm, 879

Jack-in-the-pulpit, =512=, =513=, =514=

Japan Current, 866

Jasper, 830

Javelins (hogs), 304

Jeffries, Richard, 593, 849

Jewelweed or touch-me-not, =578=

Jimson or Jamestown weed, 640

Job’s Coffin, =904=

Johnny darter, =177=, =178=

Jonquils, 599, 602

Jordan, David Starr, 149, 157, 166, 167, 168, 176, 177, 179, 217

Jug-building wasp, 431

Junior Naturalist Clubs, 23

Jupiter, 906

Kaolin, 831, 844

Katydid, =369=, =370=, =371=

Keats, John, 53, 163, 648

Kentucky Cardinal, 133

King, Harriet, 598

Kingfisher, Belted, =101=

Labium, 313, 314

Labrum, 313, 314

Labradorite, 831

Lace-wing, 397, =398=

Ladybird, =413=, =414=, =415=

Lady in the Moon, 919

Lady’s Slipper, =525=, =526=

Lanier, Sydney, 96

Lapham, Dr. Increase, 860

Larcom, Lucy, 90, 93, 582

Larkspur, =623=, =624=, =625=

Laurel, =813=, =814=, =815=

Laurence, Ray, 524, 540, 578, 620

Larvæ, 308, 311

Leaf, with parts named, 493

Leaf-factories, 491, 729, 730

Leaf-miners, =352=, =353=, =354=

Leaf-print, how to make, =734=
of fern with parts named, =687=

Leaf-rollers, =357=, =358=, =359=

Leaves, their use, 491, 728

Leigh, Florence, 267

Lens, 9

Leo, (the Lion), 902, 909, 912

Lesson, the nature-study, 10
always new, 7
length of, 7
time for, 6
object lesson method, 7

Lichens, growing on rocks, 843

Lily, calla, 512
pond or water, white, =545=, =546=, =547=

Lime, 835, 836, 837, 849

Light-year, 888

Limestone, 835, 836, 837

Lippincott, R. A., 603

Lips, 858

Little Dipper, 892
Dog Star, 896, 899

Living material in schoolroom, 8

Loam, 844, 845, 846, 847

Lodestone, 838, 841

Longfellow, Henry W., 2, 493, 626

Lowell, James Russell, 7, 128, 153, 196, 382, 418, 503, 572, 763,
777

Lloyd, J. T., =114=, =211=, =387=, =388=, =389=, =390=

Lubbock, Sir John, 423, 433

Lyra, 889, 903

Maggots, 308

Magnets, =838=, 839, 840

Maize or Indian corn, =660=, =661=, =662=, =663=, =664=

Mammal Study, 212

Mandibles--insects, =313=, 314

Mandrake or May apple, =519=, =520=

Maple, the, =732=, =735=, =736=
Mountain, =732=, =742=
Norway, 738
Red, =732=, 744
seedlings, 741
Silver, 738, =741=, =742=
Striped or goosefoot, 738, =743=, =744=
Sugar or hard, =732=, =739=, =740=, =741=
Sycamore, =735=, 738

Maple-sugar, making, 738

Marble, 835

Mars, 906

Matheson, Robert, =82=, =98=

Maxillæ, insect, 313, 314

May beetle, 131, 418

Meadow lark, 77, =80=, =81=, =82=

Mercator, 920

Mercury, 906

Merriam Dr. C. Hart, 248

Mesothorax, 313, 314

Metathorax, 313, 314

Meteorites, 908, 921

Meteoroids, 908

Meteors, 864, 908

Mica, 832, 833, 834, 844

Mice, =224=, =225=, =226=, =227=

Mildews, 721

Milk, 299

Milk-dipper, the, 912

Milky Way, the, 889

Milkweed, =540=, =541=, =543=

Minnows, 163

Mist, 852

Mitchell, Evelyn, =401=, =402=, =498=, =502=, =514=

Metamorphosis, insect, 311, 367

Moccasin flower or Lady’s Slipper, =525=, =527=

Mockingbird, =94=

Molds, 720, =721=

Molting insects, =308=, 309

Montgomery, 635

Moon, the, 906, =918=, =919=, =920=
shadows on, 920

Moonstone, 831

Moore, Dr. Willis L., 879

Morgan, G. F., =652=, =747=, =759=, =774=, =776=, =791=, =792=, =796=,
=812=

Morton, Verne--Photos by, =Frontispiece=, =164=, =230=, =242=, =247=,
=271=, =274=, =501=, =505=, =506=, =508=, =515=, =516=, =517=,
=520=, =525=, =529=, =533=, =545=, =551=, =553=, =560=, =561=,
=562=, =563=, =566=, =576=, =577=, =583=, =586=, =588=, =590=,
=609=, =611=, =627=, =664=, =672=, =676=, =678=, =681=, =682=,
=685=, =686=, =689=, =692=, =694=, =698=, =702=, =713=, =714=,
=737=, =757=, =760=, =762=, =766=, =767=, =769=, =784=, =807=,
=815=, =817=, =843=

Mosquito, 309, =400=, =401=, =402=, =403=

Moss, hair cap or pigeon wheat, =702=, =703=

Moth, Cecropia, =330=, =331=, =332=, =333=, =334=
Codling, 347, =349=
Cynthia, 337
Isabella tiger, =326=, =327=, =328=
Luna, =309=, =310=, 330
Promethea, 330, =336=, =337=, =338=
Polyphemus, 330
Sphinx, =313=, =340=, =341=, =342=, =343=, =344=, =345=, 346

Mouse, deer, or whitefooted, =223=, =226=
house, =224=, =225=

Mulch, 847

Mullein, 18, 582, =583=, =584=

Mulock, Miss, 602

Muskrat, =218=, =220=, =221=

Museum specimens, 8

Mushrooms, 706, =707=, =708=, =709=, =710=, =711=, =712=

Nape, (of bird), 44

Narcissus, 599, =601=

Nasturtium, =620=, =621=

Natos, 858

Natural Bridge in Virginia, 835

Nature-study clubs, 22

Naylor, 134

Nebula, 888

Needham, Dr. James G., =382=, =383=, =384=, =385=, 626, 627, 641

Neptune, 906

Newcomb, Dr. Simon, 906

Newt, red-spotted, 197, =198=, =199=

Nitrogen, 653, 861, 864

North pole, 839, 889, 890

Northern Lights, 839

North Star, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 902

Nuthatch, white-breasted, =63=, =64=

Nymph, 311
of damsel-fly, 384, 385
of dragon-fly, 384
of red-legged grasshopper, 366

Oaks, the, 748
Black, 749, =753=
Burr, =754=
Chestnut, =751=
Live, 726
Red, =752=, =753=
Scarlet, =754=
White, =748=, =749=, =750=

Oak-apple, 361

Ocelli (of insects), =312=, 314

Oligoclase, 831

Onyx, 830

Oriole, Baltimore, =125=, =126=, =127=

Ovipositor (of insect), 314

Owl, screech, 104

Oxen, 298

Oxygen, 730, 861, 864

Orion, 888, 895, =896=, 897, 899

Palpi, insect, 313, 314

Pansies, =607=, =608=, =609=

Partridge, 30, 41

Pattee, 801

Peacock, 30, 31, =32=

Pears and apples, ready to spray, 350

Peccaries, 304

Pelargonium, 643

Perianth, 599

Perseus, 909

Petrified forest of Arizona, 830

Pets, 15

Petunia, =640=, =641=

Phœbe-bird, 67

Pig, the, =303=, =305=, =306=

Pigeons, =45=, =46=, =47=

Pigeon houses, =45=, 47

Pigeon-grass or pigeon wheat, =702=, =703=

Pine, the, 73, =789=
Austrian, =791=
Pitch, 791, =800=
White, 19, =790=, =792=, =793=, =795=, =800=
Yellow, 793
Mountain, of Sierras, 794
upturned roots, 728

Pisces (the Fishes), 912

Planisphere, 891

Plant-lice, 92, =392=, =393=, =421=

Plant Life, 489

Plant Physiology, 20, 491

Pleiad, the lost, 898

Pleiades, the, 888, 889, 897

Polaris--Pole-star, 888, 890, 891, 892, 893, 894, 895, 901, 902,
904, 906

Pollen, 494

Pollux, 900

Pond-weed, =548=, =549=

Poplar, Carolina, =770=, =771=, =772=

Poppy, the, =613=, =614=
California, =616=, =617=

Potassium bichromate, 825

Potash, bichromate of, 825

Prickly Lettuce, =570=

Procyon, 898

Pruning, principles of, 780

Pumpkin, the, 675, =676=, =677=, =678=, =679=, 680, =681=
seed (sunfish), 172

Pupæ, 309, 311
of caddis fly, 388
of Codling Moth, 349
of firefly, 417
of Potato beetle, 411
of Ladybird, 415
of Mosquito, 402
(jug handle) Tomato sphinx, 342

Purslane, 594

Quail, 41

Quartz, =829=, 844

Queen Anne’s Lace, 589, =590=, =591=, =592=, 593

Rabbit, =213=, =215=, =216=

Raccoon, =250=, =253=, =254=

Rain, 852, 874, 880

Rattlesnake, The, 203

Redbird, 133

Red-winged blackbird, =122=, =123=

Regulus, 902, 909, 912

Reighard, Professor, 174, 175

Reptile Study, 200

Resin, 794

Rexford, Eben, 61

Rice, Prof. J. E., =33=

Rich, John, =295=

Rigel, 896

Riley, James Whitcomb, 70, 201, 521, 818

Robin, =54=, =55=, =57=

Root, A. I. Co., 456

Root tubercles, 653

Rosin, 794

Rossetti, Christina, 326

Rotch, Prof. Laurence, 860

Rowe, Mrs. F. W., 95

Rusts, 721

Sagittarius (the Archer), 912

Salamander, =197=, =198=, =199=

Salt, 827, 828

Salvia or Scarlet Sage, =637=, =638=

Sand, 834, 844, 845, 847

Sand-stones, 834

Sap movements of, 739
poem, 736

Sard, 830

Saturn, 906

Scales, on butterfly’s wing, 421

Screech Owl, 104

Seed germination, 495

Seed-leaves (cotyledons), 496

Shakespeare, 515, 611

Shadow-stick, A, 914

Sheep, =281=, =283=, =284=, =285=

Sheldon, S. L., =644=

Shelley, 850

Shepherd, a Sicilian, 281

Shiner, =161=, =162=

Sickle, the (constellation), 902

Silk-worm, 312
American, 330

Skunk, 43, =247=, =248=

Sleet, 853

Slingerland, M. V., =308=, =309=, =313=, =315=, =316=, =317=, =318=,
=322=, =323=, =327=, =328=, =330=, =331=, =332=, =333=, =334=,
=336=, =337=, =338=, =340=, =341=, =342=, =343=, =344=, =345=,
=346=, =348=, =349=, =350=, =351=, =362=, =374=, =379=, =392=,
=410=, =411=, =418=, =421=, =429=, =430=, =438=, =443=, =457=,
=489=, =488=, =741=, =783=

Smuts, 721

Snake, 194
Garden, 201, =202=
Garter, 201, =202=
Milk, =204=
Rattle, 203
Spotted Adder, 204
Water, =206=

Snakedoctor, 382

Snail, garden, 458, =459=

Snow, 851

Snow-crystals, 825, 828, 851, 852, 856, 858, 860, 863, 866, 874,
875, 876

Soil, the, 842

Solar System, 906

Song of Solomon, 778

Spadix, 512, =513=

Sparrow-chipping, 88, =89=
English, 54, 61, =84=
Song, =91=

Spathe, 512, =513=

Spectroscope, 887, 888

Spencer, John W., 16, 23, 842, 909

Spiders, 475
Ballooning, 484
White Crab, =485=
care of eggs, =487=, =488=

Spider-webs, cobwebs, 475
Filmy Dome, =482=, 483
funnel, =477=
Orb, =478=, =479=, =481=

Spiracles, (of insects), 313, 314

Spores, =686=, 693, 699, 704, 708, 713, 715, 721

Spore-prints, (of mushrooms), 710

Spray of tree, 727, 728

Spruce, Douglas, 796
Norway, =796=, =797=, =798=

Squash, 680

Squirrel, 56, 61, =233=, =234=, =236=

Squirrel corn, 509, =511=, 611

Stalactites, 835, 837

Stalagmites, 835

Starch, 491, 729

Star Study, 887

Stars, “the Friendly”, 891
the Story of, 889
of Summer, 901
of Winter, 895
shooting, 898

Stetson, Charlotte Perkins, 286, 726

Stickleback, =168=

Stigma, =492=

Storms, 874

Storm and Hurricane warnings, 881

Strawberry, 672, =673=, =674=, 675

Street. A. B., 585

Stryke, Anna--Drawings by, =1=, =2=, =3=, =4=, =5=, =6=, =7=, =8=,
=9=, =10=, =11=, =15=, =16=, =17=, =24=, =136=, =161=, =181=,
=190=, =193=, =197=, =199=, =200=, =204=, =223=, =233=, =247=,
=250=, =255=, =261=, =288=, =315=, =320=, =326=, =336=, =340=,
=347=, =352=, =357=, =360=, =365=, =370=, =373=, =377=, =378=,
=387=, =392=, =395=, =397=, =400=, =405=, =409=, =413=, =416=,
=429=, =430=, =432=, =436=, =439=, =442=, =451=, =453=, =458=,
=462=, =468=, =472=, =475=, =483=, =484=, =485=, =487=, =494=,
=495=, =535=, =540=, =607=, =613=, =614=, =616=, =617=, =630=,
=640=, =684=, =707=, =727=, =736=, =745=, =748=, =755=, =757=,
=761=, =765=, =770=, =771=, =774=, =785=, =789=, =796=, =801=,
=806=, =810=, =813=

Sucker, common, =158=, =160=

Sumac, velvet or Staghorn, 806, =807=, =808=

Sumac, smooth, 808
Poison, 808

Sun, the, 905

Sun-spots, 905

Sundial, =915=, =916=

Sunfish, 172, =173=, =174=

Sunflower, 554, =630=, =632=

Swallows, the, =112=

Swan, the (constellation), 904

Sweet Peas, =648=, =649=, =650=

Swett, S. H., 476

Swift, chimney, =112=

Tabb, John B., 29, 545, 729, 736

Tadpoles, 182, 183, 186
of frog, 194
of toad, =187=
of tree-frog, =191=
aquarium for, 185

Talus, 843

Tanager, scarlet, 31

Taurus, (the Bull), 897, 912

Taylor, Bayard, 376, 799

Teasel, =586=, =587=, =588=

Telescope, 887

Temple of Winds at Athens, 857, 858

Tennyson, 659

Thaxter, Celia, 132, 142, 849

Thermometer scales in use, 865

Thistles, =563=, =564=, =566=, 633

Thomas, Edith, 100

Thompson, Maurice, 63, 95, 133, =279=

Thoreau, H. D., 91, 129, 161, 205, 207, 232, 249, 758, 765, 856

Thornapples, 781

Thrush family, 57, 60

Titmouse, black-capped, =66=, =67=, =68=

Toad, common, 181, =182=, =183=, =187=
development of a season, 187
eggs of, 182, 186
tree, 190, 191

Todd, Professor, =864=, 912

Tornado, 880

Torrecelli, 858

Treadwell, Prof., 56

Tree Study, 726
how to begin, 731

Tree, anatomy of, 727
how it grows, 733
head or crown of, 777, 789
to measure, 734

Tree-stump, showing rings of growth, 730

Tree-trunk or bole, 727

Trilliums, The, =506=, =507=, =508=

Trowbridge, J. T., 471

Trout, =164=, 167

Tulips, =603=, =604=, =605=

Turkey, the, 41, =143=

Turtles, =208=, =209=, =211=

Tyndall, Prof. John 837, 867

“Uncle John”, 16, 23, 490, 842, 843, 909

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 185, 221, 276, =278=, =279=, 301, 352,
411

Uranus, 906

Ursa Major, 891

Valley of Cashmere, 279

Vampires, 244

Van Dyke, Henry, 80, 91

Vapor, water, 852, 853, 862, 864

Vega, =903=, 904, 906

Velvet Plant, American, 584

Venus, 906

Vetches, the, 654

Violet, The, 515
Canada white, 517
Common blue, 516
Long-spurred, 515

Virgil, 48, 748

Virgin, the (constellation), 912

Vitriol, blue, 825, 826

Wadsworth, 267, 750

Wait, M. C., 671

Wake-robin, =506=, 508, 509

Walton, Isaac, 149, 154

Wasp, 429, 437
Jug-builder and nest, =431=
Mud-dauber, =429=, =430=
Yellow Jacket, =432=, =434=

Wasp-nest, with side removed, =457=
nest of carpenter, =440=
nest of mud-dauber, =429=
Yellow-jackets, 432, 435

Water, crystallizing of, 853
forms of, 850, 854

Water-glass, 830

Water-lily, =545=, =546=, =547=

Water-vapor, 852, 853, 862, 864

Weasel, 43

Weather, the, 857
U. S. Bureau, 875
value of service, 876

Weather-maps:
How to read, 879
where published and how obtained, 875, 876

Weather-maps, forecasts based on, 875
showing eastward progress, 884

Weather-forecasting, principles of, 875

Weather signals, explanation of, 881

Weeds, 594
outline for study of, 595

Wheat, 85
cause of winter-killing, 853

White, Gilbert, 48

Whitman, Walt, 484

Whittier, J. G., 164, 683

Whitney, Eli, 667

Wildflower Study, 496

Willow, =765=, =766=, =767=, =768=, =769=
cone-gall, 362, 767

Wilson, Wilford M., 857

Wilson, Robert B., 856

Winds of the World, 866, 867
Trade, 871
Trade northeast, 866
Temple of, at Athens, 857, 858

Window-pane in winter, 851, 852, =854=

Winter Rosettes, evening primrose, 533
Mullein, 584
Teasel, 588

Wister, Owen, 277

Witch-hazel, =356=, =810=, =811=, =812=, 813

Wolf, gray, =255=

Woodchuck or groundhog, =229=, =230=

Wood grain, 729, 730

Woodpeckers, carpenter, 75
Downy, =69=, =70=
Hairy, 69
Flicker, yellow hammer or golden-shafted, =77=, =80=
Red-headed, =75=
Sapsucker, =73=

Woolly-bear, =326=, =327=, =328=

Wordsworth, 329, 515, 602, 647, 659

Worms, 308
Army, 82
Canker, 92
Caraway, 319
Cut, 82, 92
Earth, 462
Glow, 417
Wire, 82, 417

Xenon, 862

Yard-ell, 896

Yellow bird, 49

Yellow-jacket, =432=, =433=

Zephros, 858

Zodiac and its signs, 911, 912

Zone of twilight in mid-winter, 864

Transcriber’s Note:

Words may have inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged, as were obsolete and alternative spellings. Twenty-five misspelled words were corrected. The summaries of structures and metamorphoses of insects were reformatted to display on small screens.

Words and phrases in italics are surrounded by underscores, _like this_. Those in bold are surrounded by equal signs, =like this=. Illustrated dropped capital letters are indicated: at the beginning of the paragraph each precedes.

Obvious printing errors, such as letters and punctuation in reversed order, upside down, or partially printed, were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of sentences and abbreviations were added. Excess punctuation was deleted. Spacing between words was adjusted.

Missing word “a” was added to “take a steamer...” In the index, page number was added for the entry for “Eyes, simple.”